Personal Shorthand; 03, 04

What do each of these people have in common? Each one is taking notes and having a name. And easy to read, just like this. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. If you're ready to learn something new and exciting in your PS today, you're going to start working on brief forms.

But before we go into that, let's quickly review our six basic theory rules. So if you're joining us for the first time, this will give you a chance to catch up with lessons one and two. The first rule is never write a silent vowel, never write a silent vowel. Rule two, even a sounding vowel within a word should be omitted unless it has a long sound of A-I-O-U or U. Of course, remember that the long E will be carried by the preceding consonant. Rule three always write a sounding vowel when it occurs at the very beginning of a word. And this is true, even though it has just a short sound, either a short or a long sound. Then rule four, just write one of a double consonant. Rule five will omit all silent consonants and just write one of a double consonant. One of these would be considered silent. Rule six, a sounding vowel at the end of a word should be written.

The one exception is that the consonant will carry the ending sound of Y when it has an A or an E sound. If it has an I sound, it's in the word Y, then we will write the letter I. Remember, you're not going to try to memorize these rules. Just understand them and use them. There are many different ways you might want to combine the rules. You might want to think of writing, just not writing any silent letters. This would be combining rule one and six. One is about omitting silent vowels and one omitting silent consonants. Well, you might want to combine rule three and six. One has to do with the beginning, writing the beginning vowel sound and one the ending vowel sound. Maybe you just want to think of it as one together. When you're writing that you write the beginning and ending vowel sounds, then you might want to think about the double consonants and the double vowels together. When you have two letters, regardless of whether it's a vowel or consonant, you write just one.

Whichever way you decide to use or remember those rules should be the best way for you, not trying to memorize them word for word. I would like to point up one thing at this point. In the back of your syllabus on pages 237 through 241, there are some charts. Basic theory rules and on another page, the brief forms, days of the week and months of the year, the next page are phonetic abbreviations that we will be getting to later. Then we're beginning shortcuts and we will have one page that has the use of each letter of the alphabet and this covers really several things, the basic theory and the phonetic abbreviations. And this will help you a great deal. These charts may be correcting your work, being little reminders. You also have these same charts in a smaller form on a little theory card that you receive with your syllabus and key. Now if you turn to lesson 3 on page 11, our brief forms, I'm going to say these and explain a little bit about them.

These brief forms are using just one letter for a word to represent a word and they can be a great help in building your speed. Now in most cases you will find the first letter of the word is used to represent that word. Now these are the most common words we have in our business language and our general everyday language. And when you shortcut these words, you'll find that you'll be shortcutting a good 60% of your writing because about that much includes these short words. In some cases we cannot use the first letter of a word as our brief form simply because we have to be careful that when we transcribe that we know what word we're reading and if we have an A standing for too many words, maybe we would not be able to distinguish it even in a sentence. So sometimes we might use the ending letter and sometimes we've had to use maybe the last or first sound and even sometimes we've just had to take a letter out of the middle of the word simply for mathematical reasons in order to be able to read it back to distinguish it between that particular word and other words in a sentence.

We'll learn just the first group this time, ones that use the letters A through K and I'll go through these and as we go through these we'll go right down the list alphabetically and I'll point up the ones and maybe you want to circle them or underscore them that do not use the first letter. For A, all our words begin with A just for the letter A for An, for And, for At and for About. In each case we will just be writing the letter A. Now for the And, A and D, you might want to use the And sign. If you're used to doing that, that's just fine. I do that myself. I think it's much easier and easy to read back for the letter B. All of the words begin with B, B, B, B, both kinds of B, B, Y and B, U, Y, B, N and V. For C, all of these words begin with C, can come copy and credit. And the D, all of these words again begin with D, D, D, A, R, D, D, O, D, U, E, D, D, I, D, D, D, Date, and then, oh here's one wood that ends in D.

And this is because we could not use the first letter W because we have some other things we must use the W for. And this would be confusing in a sentence. So we're going to use D for wood. For E, it is the ending letter for He and the. He and the will use E. F, four from and fine begin with F and then F ends in F. For G, we have go get good, glad and give all beginning with G. For H, her, him, had and here, H, E. For here, like you're hearing, H, E, R, we use H, R. But for the H, E, just the H. For I, I, a capital I when it means yourself. And I think it is advisable to use the capital just as you're used to doing in long hand because you might not be able to read it as well if you're used a small I. But use the small I then for it is and then time.

Time is taking the I right out of the middle of the word. We couldn't use the silent E on the end. That wouldn't make sense. And the T, we have to reserve for some other words. And we decided the I had a strong. There's a strong I sound in the word time. And so we chose that particular letter. For J, just that begins with the J and gentlemen, which does not begin with the J, but has a J sound, the G has a J sound, gentlemen. K, kind begins with K and then make and take the last sound you hear is a K, make and take. Now let's try writing these. We'll do this alphabetically and I want you to write just the brief form. That means you will be writing just letters of the alphabet. I'll say the word, but you will be writing just one single letter of the alphabet for each word. I'll hesitate a little bit between each letter. So as we go through all the ones you're going to write an A for, I'll say each word, you write an A for each word you hear so that you'll be writing that brief form as you hear the word.

All right, let's start in under A, write an A for each of these words. A and and at about and write very quickly. If you can write more than one between the times I say the word, then do so. The next one, you're going to be writing just the B, B, by, by, bin, but. All right, just a C, can, come, copy, credit. Just the D, dear, do, do, did, date, would. Still the D for would. Now just the E, he, the. For the F, for from, find, if. Still write the F for if. Now write just the G for these words, go, get, good, glad, give. Write the H for these. Her, him, had, here.

And the I, I, it is time. Did you write the capital I for the word I, and use the small I for it is time. The J, just gentlemen. And this is gentlemen plural. When we have gentlemen with this M, A, and we will not use that reform. Then the K, kind, make, take. You're the K sound on the N, make, take. And you'll be writing that K. All right, let's go down again and do not follow in your book this time and we'll go down quickly the same way, but just try to do it without looking at your book. All right, here we go. A, N, N, at, about. B, by, by, bin, but. Can, come, copy, credit. Dear, do, do, did, date, would. He, the, for from, find, if. Go, get, good, glad, give.

Her, him, had, here. I, it is time. Just gentlemen, kind, make, take. Right, that wasn't so bad, was it? Think when you're practicing these, if you can have someone else read them to you, it's a good practice much better than just doing it when you're looking at yourself. But if you're doing it yourself, you're going to be writing just the letters of the alphabet. Don't do it the reverse way, looking at the A and seeing if you can write down all the words for which we use A. I want you to see the word or hear the word and write the correct letter because that's the way you'll be doing it.

And then of course when you read back and transcription and you do need these in a sentence to read them back, if I just put an A on the paper, you couldn't tell me whether it was A and, and, at or about, it has to be in a sentence. So you're not working for that now, you're just working to recognize what letter to write when you hear a particular word. Right, now we had that little brief practice and I thought maybe you might like to get into something new. But let's go back a little bit and look at some of the things we did in the last lesson. I realize some of you were not here. And this will give you a chance to review a little bit with us and catch up and still go ahead and work with the brief forms with us too. All right, on page five, let's look at some of these words and see how you did. In paragraph two, we had the word acre. Did you all remember about the fact that that first sound you need to write and, of course, the last E is silent.

So you should have had just A, C, R. And then the word E is. Remember about that S making the Z sound, but we still write the S for it. We write that first E sound. This is silent. This is silent. So we have E S. And then we have D-D-E-E-P. This is our rule about writing only one of a double vowel. But even if it's an E, we still must write it. This is one of the times that we write that E. All right, then we have on page six the word write. And here we have our example of the silent consonants, the G and the H, or silent. We have a lot of words like that with the G-H-T. But the I is long, so R-I-T. And then we have knight, like a knight in shining armor, where we have a K, the silent, again, the G-H.

But the I is long, so we have N-I-T. So both types of knight would be written the same way in our short hand. Then in hymn, the N is silent. And this is a short vowel sound, so we just have H-M for the word hymn, a hymn that you would sing. Now academy, academy. Here we write that beginning vowel sound even though it's short. This is a short one we can leave out, another short one we can leave out, and the M will carry that Y sound, that vowel sound. Whether you say an N or an E. And so we write A, C, D, M. Where E, W-A-R-Y. Here we leave out the short A, the R, can carry the Y, W-R. Starry, let's starry skies. And here the A is short, we can leave out one R, the other R can carry the Y, so we have S-T-R.

So star and starry are the same, but you would be able to tell the difference in a sentence and context. Now secretary. Here we have a lot of short vowels, an A, another A, an A, and then our R will carry the Y. I chose secretary for another reason, because many of you are used to writing S-E-C period, and a long hand abbreviation is acceptable in personal short and at any time that this is more natural for you. Do not try to change back again. If you're not used to writing that, then this is a good way because we can use our PS. But if this is one you're used to, don't change the way that you do it. Then area, area, again writing that beginning sound, and the ending sound, but the R of course carries that long E sound, so A-R-A. And mania, again the end carries the long E sound of the I, this is a long A, and we have to write that last vowel sound according to our rule 6.

But then on page 7 of lesson 2, we were writing some words, and it gives you like the long A sounds, along I sounds, and I think those are in the long O are pretty plain in our, most of you are getting along fine, but let's look at that U and U sound again. Here we have a huge, a long U sound, of course a silent E, and we will write H-U-G, same way with Fues, a long U sound, silent E. But what about View, View? Here it's our EW that's making me U sound, of course that means the I is really silent, and so we write V-U for View. Of course that reads very well, and View goal, and here again we have a long U sound, silent E, V-U-G-L for View goal.

But then our U sounds, Moon, this is an U sound, we'll write the O for the U sound, the same way in Move, this is an U sound, not an O, but an U sound, but we still use the O for it, and of course the E is silent. In Group, it's an U sound, has both an O and a U, and I suppose you could use either one, usually we use the first one to indicate the U sound, and consider the other one, silent in Group, in Fruit. Here we have an U sound, and because it's spelled with U, we'll write the U and consider the I silent, and for that root, the same way it is an U sound, but the U is making the sound, so we will write V-R-U-T and the E is silent. In this case, and speaking about the U's and the U's, they are different, when you have a truly long U, a few U's, it's almost like you're saying U, and when you have an U is just U, a straight sound,

when you have a definitely long U, you of course would write the U, and when we have an U, it will depend, if it's an O making the sound, we'll write the O, if it's a U making the sound, we'll write the U, if you have O U as in Group, probably you would use the first one, the O, and consider the U silent, but that would be up to U. Now in exercise two that you did last time, there were a few words, just a few words I picked out that you might want to check a little bit more explanation than you had in your key. So back in exercise two, if you want to turn to the back of your book, and page 148 will start, and number 50 was the word caught, C-A-U-G-H-T caught. Here we have two silent letters, consonants, we would not write, this sound is an O sound, and it's made with the A-U, and we will just call it a silent vowel sound, and so we can just write caught CT.

Mellow, here this is a short sound, this is long, we write only one of our double consonants, and this is silent, the W is silent. Let's put on there, supposedly tell you that the O says O, but it's not saying anything, so we just write M-L-O for Mellow. Number number 51, number 52 is Do. Now here we have an O, but look how we made in our language have this O make an O sound, we added all these letters, they do not say anything. So we just have D-O for Do. And then we have the word flute in number 56, and we have an O sound, but the U is saying it. I think I skipped one in there, number 56 was supposed to be bought, so let's use bought. We have an O sound made by the O-U, and then we have a G-H that's silent, and so we just have B-T for bought.

Our flute had an O sound for the long O, that we use a long O for, and the E is silent, and so we'll write the F-L-U-T because remember this is spelled with a U, and if you used F-L-O-T it would still be correct, but I think you can read it back better if you use the U. On page 149, number 66 is the word any, the word any. The A is the beginning sound, you must write, the N will carry the Y, A-N. Then there was Farina, number 67, the R carries the long E sound that the I has. This is a short sound, and the last A, remember the last vowel sound, we must write. Farina, cry, remember that Y has a long I sound, we're going to write that long I, C-R-I. Tuba, here's another long O sound, the U is making it, so we'll write it, and the A we have to write, so we have not gained anything this particular time with our PS, but it's a short word anyway, so we do not need to be concerned about it.

And then the word blue, same thing, here we have a U making our U sound, we'll write that U, cross off the silent E, soup, let's consider the U sound and write the O since it comes first, and that's number 81. Number 97 was review, here again we have that E W for the U sound, R carries the long E, that I is silent, so we'll have R V U, U for the E W U sound. And number 102 was Abby, by only one of the B's, we have to write the beginning vowel, but our other B can carry that Y, because this is really silent, so we just have AB for Abby. Number 115 is police, this is a short vowel, some of you say police, but it really is short, police, L carrying the long E, a silent E, police.

And number 117 is debt, this is a short vowel, we can leave it out, this is a silent consonant, so you just have DT for debt. Right now just for a little bit of practice, let's go back and just run through those brief forms very quickly, doing it alphabetically again, so if you can do it without following in your book. Okay, we'll start in, write in letter A and then B and so on, and, and, and, at, about, B by, by, bin, but. Can, come, copy, credit, dear, do, do, did, date, would, he, the, for, from, find, if, go, get, good, glad, give, her, him, had, here. I it is time, just gentlemen, kind, make, take.

All right, if you'll just glance over on page 10 of lesson 3, something that we have not discussed yet, and it has a little bit to do with brief forms, are the days of the week and the months of the year. Now, with the days of the week and the months of the year, we are going to have, it's kind of like brief forms, we're going to use the first letters whenever we can. In the days of the week, we have two that begin with S, however, Saturday and Sunday, so Sunday, we are going to write just the S and, and then we have two that begin with a T, Tuesday and Thursday. So Tuesday, we're going to use the T, U. Otherwise, we will just be using the first letter and for Monday and W for Wednesday, T for Thursday, after Friday and S for Saturday. Practice these, not very difficult and goes quickly as you can. We're going to do the same thing with the months of the year.

We have three that begin with J, January, so we're going to use Jn, July, and we'll use Jy, then for June, we'll just use the J. Right for March, we will use the MR because with May, we'll just use the M. Make two get a capital letter there. With August, the A, G, because for April, we can use just A. Now, if you notice, I've been using capital letters for the days of the week and the months of the year. I really prefer to do this because I think I can read it better in a sentence. Now, if you would rather use small letters and you read it back easily, that's fine.

Alright, let's talk about the assignment for next time. We'd like to have you complete the sentences and write the PS for all the words in lesson three on pages 9, 10, 11, and 12, then check your answers with the key. Then turn to the back of your syllabus to exercise three and complete this exercise again, checking your answers with the key. Then if you have time, then please try writing the words on page 13 of lesson four using only your basic theory rules. So this should not be too difficult. You should be able to write these fairly easily and quickly. Then in your practice, over the phone, if you're taking notes or for your shopping list or at a meeting, whatever, remember to try to use your new brief forms. You

What do each of these people have in common? Each one is taking notes and having a difficult time writing everything down rapidly. The solution to their problem is PS, the alphabetic shorthand that is easy to learn, easy to write, and easy to read, just like this. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Remember our PS theory rules. Those six rules that we have gone over so many times. Well, let's run through them quite quickly once again. Rule one. Never write a silent vowel. Rule two. Even a sounding vowel within a word should be omitted unless it has the long sound of A, I, O, U, or U. Remember the long sound of E is going to be carried by the preceding consonant and are not quite long vowels are going to be treated as short vowels and omitted. Rule three. Always write a sounding vowel when it occurs at the very beginning of a word, regardless of whether this is a short or a long sound.

Rule four. Write just one of a double vowel, just one of a double vowel. Rule five. Omit all silent consonants. And if you have a double consonant, write just one of these because one, of course, is silent. Rule six. A sounding vowel at the end of a word should be written. Except if it is a Y carrying along E or a short I and I sound, then the preceding consonant may carry that sound. Remember if the Y has an I sound along I sound, we'll write that letter I for that long I sound. Now let's look at some of the words from your assignment on page 13, paragraph one of lesson four. We'll just go over a few of these that I thought might have caused you a little problem. The first is a binocular, binocular, and it should have been just the consonants that you wrote, B and C, L, R, the vowels are all short vowels. You can leave them all out.

Then we had review and review the R carries the long E sound and then V and the U for the EWU sound. Here we have a diphthong and of course the I is silent in review. Schoolastic, we have S, C, L, S, T, C. Our vowels are short and of course the H is silent. The C, H, the C is making the C sound or K sound and the H is a silent letter. In picnics, here again our vowels are short, we can leave them out. And the C is making the K sound by itself so we use the C for that K sound. Then minus, here we have a long I that we must write, the U is short so we can omit this. Then in the exercise section, on page 151 of the back of your syllabus, this was part of your assignment also.

Let's look at number 15, Occupy. Occupy. We should have written O, C, P, I. One of the C's, of course just writing one of a double consonant, one of the C's is silent. The O is the beginning vowel sound. We always write the beginning vowel sound whether it is longer short. The Y says the long I so we write the long I. Number 20 was elbow, ELBO, the W is silent. Always long. Again we have a beginning vowel sound. We write the beginning vowel sound even though it isn't E. One of the very few times that we write the letter E in a personal short hand. Number 28 was listen, listen, L, S, N. Our vowels are short, the I and the E and the T is the silent letter. Listen, the word who, W, H, O, who? You write just the H, O, the long O, the W at the beginning is silent. First, really, this is saying an U sound which we consider long and the dictionary is written with two O's with a little mark across the U sound.

Honor, honor, the first H is silent. So we start with the first vowel sound, writing that O. The next O is short, we can leave it out. So we have O, N, R for honor. Now on page 152, number 53 was debut. Now of course this is spelled D, E, B, U, T. We pronounce it with a long A sound so that's what we write. And then our long U sound, the T is silent. Number 56 was beauty. Here again, we write the long U sound, the E and A are silent, and the T will carry that ending Y sound. Number 60 is calm. The L is silent. And so it would just be C, and our dictionary has two little marks over that, so it means it's really short so we can write just the C M and the L is silent. So we end up with just C M for calm. Marina, Marina, here the R is carrying the long E sound that the I has, often our language the E has along, the I has a long E sound, but the R will carry it.

We have to write that last short vowel because it's the ending vowel sound. Of course the first A is short, we can leave it out. And this number 110 on page 154 if you're following, and on 154 number 114 is Rouge, and Rouge will write R-O-G. Now here you really have a choice, the O and the U. We can consider that the O is making the U sound and the U is silent, or you might want to write the U and consider that the O is silent and the U is making the sound. Either way, write the O and consider the U silent or write the U and consider the O silent. I usually pick the first one. We always first and so I will write that and leave out the U. The G, you write that whether it's making a good sound or a just sound. If that is the letter that's making the sound, then you write that letter.

Now the brief forms that we started last time. Our brief forms we were using the letters A through K, and most of the time our brief forms were represented by the first letter, but there were eight of them, in which we had different letters. Do you remember these? We had the word would, and with the word would, we just used the last letter, so we used a D for the word would. For the words he and the, we used that last letter, the E. For the word if, we used the last letter, and that was the F. For the word time, we had to pick the inside I. Sometimes we have to pick a little different letter than you might think, because we have to be sure it's a letter that would not make the word confusing with another word in a sentence.

Then for gentlemen, we used the first sound. Now the first sound was a just sound, and we chose the letter J to make it as close as possible for our brief form for gentlemen. Then for take and make. Here we're going to use the last sound, the K sound, E is silent, and we are using the letter K for the words take and make. Now if you go to page 14 of lesson four, we will be having a new group of brief forms starting in with the letters L and then going through Z. And for these again, most of the time will be the first letter, but sometimes maybe the last or sound or letter right in the middle. Let's just go through first quickly, and I'll just explain a little bit about them before we even write any. For the letter L, we have all, also, will, will, and letter.

Letter begins with L, the rest of them are something different, all and will and will end in L, and also the L comes in the middle, but it follows closely with the word all. For M, we have the word M, which ends in M, and then the rest of them begin with N. Me, my, made, man, men. For N, not, no, and both kinds of know, because in K, no, W, the K is silent, so not, no, no. These begin with N, and then we have when, and in, and information, all end, and in. For O, out, of, on, and what? All begin with O except what, and this may seem strange, but for what? We just had to pick something that was not going to be make the word what, confusing with another word, and the O, you might think of an O, and that has kind of the sound that what has, and that's about the best way to remember that one. P, they all begin with P, possible, price, please, and put. For Q, quite begins with Q, require, has a Q in it, and in close, we chose Q.

Q is not a common letter in our alphabet, and quite was about the only common word, so that we use the Q rather than waste it for a couple of other words, require, and in close. R, for return, beginning with R, R, because it says R, hour, and hour, and order, all ending in R. S, for sincerely, she, so C, all beginning with S, and wish, having an S sound at the end, close to an S. T, for that, thank, there, two, and two, both the T O and the T O O. Of course, the T W O, you would use the figure two. U, for U, says U, ends in U, up, under us, all begin with U. V, very begins with V. Ever and ever, have a strong V sound at the beginning, and have, and receive, have a strong V sound at the end. W, for with, which we were, all begin with W, and how, and now, ending in W. X for check.

That's one way we make, when we check a box, sometimes it says check this box, and we put an X in it, so that's the logical one for the word check. Y, for your beginning with Y, and Y, and they, ending in Y. Z for as, has, his, and was. No common word beginning with Z, so we chose to use it for the sounds, the Z sounds at the ends of as, has, his, and was. You must be careful, when you write is, that you write the I, because otherwise, you might be confusing it with was, and of course, it's quite important to know whether somebody is, or whether he was, in a sentence. Now, this time, let's practice them. I'll go through alphabetically, and you can follow along in the book. We sure you write just one letter for each word, and I'm sure you can write the correct letter, because we'll go right down, across all the else, and then the M's, and so on, but write one letter for each word. If you have time to write it more than once, before I go on to the next one, fine.

Alright, we're ready. All, also, will, will, letter. Am, me, my, made, man, men. Not, no, no, when, in, information. Out of, on, what? Possible, price, please, put. Quite, require, and close. Return, R, hour, or order. Since, silly, she, so, see, wish. That, thank, there, two, two. You, up, under, us. Very, ever, every, have, receive. With, which, we, were, how, now. Check, your, why, they. As, has, his, was. Right, now, let's try again, and we'll still go alphabetically.

But try not to look at the book or follow, and I think you'll get along just fine this time, because it's still going to be right in the same order that we just did them. And a little bit more quickly, too. Alright, we're ready. All, also, will, will, letter. Am, me, my, made, man, men. Not, no, no, when, in, information. Out of, on, what? Possible, price, please, put. Quite, require, and close. Return, R, hour, or order. Since, silly, she, so, see, wish. That, thank, there, two, two. You, up, under, us. Very, ever, ever, have, receive. With, which, we, were, how, now.

Check, your, why, they. As, has, his, was. It was quite easy, wasn't it? And now, we're going to try going through our brief forms, a little bit different way that I think will help you to learn them. We're going to start in with just having the, reforms, the ones that begin with the first letters. And this is most of them. And if we just do the ones that begin with the first letters, then it should be very easy for you to write these all down. We won't even need to check them. You know, you're going to write the first letter of these words. And these will be all the brief forms that begin with the first letter.

Are you all ready? Still be alphabetically, too. So, shouldn't be any problem. Be, by, by, bin, but. Can, come, copy, credit. Dear, do, do, did, date. For, from, find. Go, get, good, glad, give. Her, him, had, here. I, it, is. Just, kind, letter. Me, my, made, man, men. Not, no. Of, out, on. Price, please, possible, put. Quite. Return. Sincerely, she, so, see. Think that they're two, two. Under, up, us. Very. With which we were. Your.

Right. When I say alphabetically, of course, I'm just mean that you'll be writing all A's and then all B's in each group thing are not, of course, alphabetically. Now, we're going to go on to the group that's represented, represented by their last letters, their last letters. Now, this should not be too difficult either because you know you're going to write the last letter of the word. And after we get done with these, then we'll check these just to be sure that you've written them correctly. Right, we were already. Would, he, the, if, all, will, will, am, when, in, information, hour, or order, you, how, now, why, they. All right, you should have written a D for would, and E for he, for the, and F for if, and L for all, and will, and will.

And M for M, and N for when, and N, and information, and R for hour, and or, and order, a U for U, a W for how, and now, and a Y for Y, and they. Now, let's try it again, and this time, I'll mix them up a little bit, so they won't be using just them down the alphabet, D, and E, and F, and so on. All right, and quite quickly. In or they, why, order, the, if, all, am, hour, will, when, how, now, would, will, information, the, U,

order, would, am, now. Okay, we repeated some of those, and I hope you all remember to write the last letter for each one. Now we have a small group that are represented by either the first sound or the last sound. Now, see if you can write the first sound in the last sound, remember which one it is. Chintelman, chintelman. No, was, his, as, has, take, make, R, have, receive. All right, you should have had a J for gentlemen. And N for notes was K and OW, but it's still either one, you would write the N. Then our C's for was, and his, and as, and has.

The K for take, and make, the R for the word R, V for half, V for receive. Well, we had an R for ARE, too. Now, let's try again, and quite quickly, and see if you can remember as we go through them again. All right, receive, make, his, as, no, R, has, have, take, was, chintelman. And you should have had a V for receive, a K for make, a Z for his, and as, for, as, and N for no, R for R, Z for has, V for half, K for take, Z for was, and J for gentlemen. Now, our very last group, this is just a small group, just nine words that are represented by these different letters. There can't be the first letter, can't be the last, can't be the first or last sound, because otherwise these words will be confused with other words that are using those first and last letters in a sentence.

So, let's try these, we'll go through rather slowly, see if you can remember the first time, which letters you're to use. Time, time. All right, you should have written an I for time. All right, you should have written an L for also. What? What? You should have had an all for what? In close, in close. All right, a Q for in close. Require, require, and a Q for require. Wish, wish, should have an S for wish, ever, ever, a V for ever, every, every, again, a V for every, check, check, and an X for check.

All right, let's try again. This time, we won't check until we do the whole group, all right? Also, in close, wish, time, what, ever, require, every, check. All right, let's again check our words, and I'll go over with you and see if you wrote these correctly. You should have had an L for also, a Q for in close, an S for wish, an I for time, an all for what? A V for ever, a V, a, wait, Q for require first, and then our other V for every, and an X for check.

Do you have them all correct that time? Let's just do those nine briefly again a few times. I'll mix them up and we'll do them several times just to get some practice on those. Are you ready? All right, and close, every time, wish, check, what, ever, require, also, what, check, and close, wish, require, time, ever, also, what, check. I think most people find the word check is quite easy to remember with that X, but have a little bit trouble with time and what, but it will come if you keep practicing these. Now, let's go through just a few words before we do the assignment, and I'll mix in a few brief forms in these, so we'll get a little bit of practice here. All right, we'll start with the word cardboard, cardboard. Here we're going to have a short A, we're going to leave out, and oh, that's not quite long so we can leave it out in a silent A, so we have CRD, BRD for cardboard.

Budget, budget. All right, a short U that we can leave out, and then the silent D and our short E, so we have just B, GT for budget. Gelapi, gelapi. Here we have a short A that we can leave out, a short O we can leave out, the P will carry the Y, J, L, P, gelapi, time, time. Did you all remember your brief form? You should have just had the I for time. Be sure you write each word in your personal shorthand before I write the personal shorthand, muzzle.

All right, you should have left out the U, it's a short sound, one of the Z's is considered silent, and the E is silent, so M, Z, L, muzzle. Tuesday, Tuesday. Did you all remember about the just the TU for Tuesday? We had that for the days of the week and months of the year, we had some shortcuts. Then eternal, eternal. All right, that short E that we can leave out here, and the short A, the first vowel sound, we always write, E, T, R, and L, eternal. Take, the word take. Did you all remember your K for take, brief form? All right, or Nate, or Nate. Here we will have to write the first vowel sound, this sound is long, we have to write that, this is silent, we can leave it out, or Nate.

Gillotine. Gillotine. Here we have a silent U, a short I, we can leave out, we only write one of the L's, the O is not quite long, we can leave it out, but T will carry the long sound that the I has, and then we have a silent E, so we have G, L, T, and for Gillotine. How? I'll remember, just your W for how, this is a brief form. Myriad. Myriad. This Y has a short vowel sound and I sound, we can leave it out. Here again, the R is carrying the E sound, the I has, we can leave it out, and this is a short A, myriad, MRD. All right, let's look at our assignment for next time. We'll be really practicing brief forms, and so be prepared always to take down brief forms when I start really knew on Nate.

All right, for the assignment next time, please write the brief forms for the words listed on page 15, paragraph 5 of lesson 4, and on page 17 and 18, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 4 of lesson 5. After checking your brief forms for accuracy, then turn to the exercise section at the back of the syllabus and complete exercise 4, pages 155 through 158. A lot of practice for brief forms.