Psychology One; How Big Do Things Look?

Yeah. Psychology won with Edwin gay boringly a good piece professor of psychology and little television like you or I we're going to go to the subject of this program. How big do things look. Well let's think of the course are the best way to find out but say something about it is a scientific story getting along in an ever changing one and it is a just man always having to adjust the world

and humors me to change your system to get along do what he wants to do and so the question is how does he make the adjusting organic. Pretty much. It's not my brain to Glen's or get something soon. Another thing some of the creases of the grounds become very important but the bigger just one big thing that enables man to go changing is the brain down there are saying it has to interpret it has to make man act in accordance with the best

in the brain or in the nervous system mentally and the brain that's right in the brain and you've got the information there. But that's perception. That's where the information about the external one only important changing external world comes into the brain so that it can be known what it is that is going on. And then you've got the other behavior and the conduct the movement changes interaction that is happening. Next the executive department and then in between the information department and the executive to fight on the coordinating it but got a

select inflammation of the year and the D coding understand whether an interpretation of it after the initial decoding then the giving of the order through the executive department can make her conduct and general base use of adjustment take place. The whole business of secretaries about talking about information you're talking about because perception is thought of as something that is conscious when you're talking about executive prior to talking about behavior and in a sense being there then kind of reflects the information that comes in. And sometimes people think that because of the information that the brain is that get itself as we go along. And these coordinating capacities of the brain where they come from

well they come from places like us when we had our built in machine and you get some yourself from your parents and their germ cells and made sure they got them from them. These are interesting in her that capacity has lots and lots and lots and lots of things that turtle can't even anything can just go on you don't learn there's a great deal more that happened during your life. You learn the saying so you change the machine you make it better it was sometimes you don't. That's often the case with another. Mostly mostly learning to make better. Those are the two maintainer said there was a there are steps that can happen quick can be exchanged at the moment. Then

you bring different properties. Are you looking at a sheet of paper with lots of pairs of numbers on it and somebody says so you have to get two different sums and then now they say well now 6 and then you see a list like a calculating machine or subtract recordings return this person to turn the knob and turned to subtract and you do them one or the other. There was a different kinds of adjustments to the situation saying let's work out because she is always seeking at least saying to fix a jacket this is the SAG to fix it or how man adjust to whatever and the scientific thinking I get at things is always to look for the cause of the effects that you have got an effect when it's cause there's new workout then the next.

But I want to take up because this isn't the time to do it. It leads to a certain question of determinism and freedom of action and this thing is much too soon to try to understand the role and place of science. We will come back to that. So this is your quest to adjust to an ever changing world in psychology since 1920. That's a long time ago I am out of the thirty third time I missed a couple. When I was off and I gave it a couple times about it and I started to give another one. Back in 1914 it

keeps changing technology keeps changing keep getting lending is do things and I respect the work that's already been done in psychology and one you can share that. I suspect that there's been more sharing then adapting to that is the way to look if you want to know what it's like to get a need to do a television because it isn't quite so precise it's a little bit fuzzy that way old people begin them with begin with the information part and how the brain works. And they're perceiving the brain perceive correctly perceive. If you got a

straight line like look straight to screen a strand of perception this happens again and again and again and so the organism is well-cooked to react because he has information as to what to wear loose like. But you seldom ever go wrong in certain places and times when the principles on which the organism operate give your misinformation instead of information that is an illusion. Now I want you to see and that is because the loser is the best way to understand the difference between a perception which is consciousness and the object of which it is a perception. We've got a here I'd like you to look at where there's a start

one of their there right. Coming around like. We get back to sort of something that's continuous that all of. This is playing away putting together and it runs around a

circle. These are things are really serious and you can see that as we go along here everything comes in toward the center. There seems to be pulling things toward the center in the center and the brain that would follow. But now however the bad case the case of what happens when the organism might come toward that. Change is the image in the red

light. Let's look at point and point. It's muscle. Yes with the hand and we can take it. You can take it out and here then as now there is like a camera. This is the dark to keep from having any strain like this big act that is the optics. This is the dark and this is the. It's got the color and it makes blue in the can change in the course which show you

how it contracts when around the break like Knicks fans and her like you can do that I think from a lovely girl that you look at what's happening. This is the learn this is not good the letter is really better than that. But it's so hard sometimes now that this is you know what I mean really and the only other alternative. Let's look at the show because I think the chart really works

this is the pupil in blue or brown coal that goes through this is the think that represent muscles of the lens when you got in there and relax let the lens get more. And then things here's a transparent jelly and here's the retina in the back. This is the optic nerve and then that's the blind men. The thing is that to see where the sense organs businesses that have the nerves attest to that that and deform the see if you've got to stick a little down in the head in the back ever so much

having to be up so late it really doesn't make any difference whether this is essentially the way working that make it count. Now supposing you're standing 10 feet in front of you and you're looking at. He would have on your record an image that is a seven inch proximately that you would really see all of them clear of his head if he walked up to 20 feet. It would be about the reasoning to be about a fifth of an inch. That is the important point here. Twice you know that if you take him from 20 feet to 100 feet then he would be only if he were

just trying to think that with the car 107 it if you're going from 100 feet to a still doing your mother not quite a third of a mile or a mile away for that matter and that is the only woman in the retreat the first ship gets smaller and smaller every John the rest does. You pick it off because after all the information you reckon is part of the information department. It starts sending the information in and the brain would know that and how a man was by looking at Weldon looking at getting information about this is the height of his that no limit. Now actually in this particular case you won't get so small just a

word about what happens when there is a relation between us and this is a machine that has two balloons to it and you can pump air out of one balloon or the other down the one that it's pumped into the gets and the other gets smaller and then you put it back in the other and that balloon gets big other small and so they go this way to go this way that way. Now that I could see the whole machine and everything that surrounds that's what you see the getting big and the other small town great. If however you take away everything except the balloons and just have them in sight easy to do and another way then you're NOT have to see that for after seeing one balloon come nearer than the other far and near and far sometimes you see the clew to the distance. Standing on the street hoping to look down and there is a not sure whether it's coming or going away.

Then again you know it's coming at that much later in the car. I'm going to show you these rotated and I just rotated it seems to get bigger and bigger and bigger for ever to keep so it doesn't get any bigger and I need it doesn't blow up but it just seems to get bigger. And some people see that coming near and when you stop and after of course goes on seems to shrink although it's not shrinking or doing anything I'm thinking but the rest of the people most of them see it receding going away. Our case is there which stars and distance are related in this way. And of course it's a matter of linear perspective and drawings and paintings where size gives you a clue to Dist fact that happened some time. But the

thing that is interesting too is now because it shows the brain reinterprets saying to things that are specially interesting is a phenomena called science for instance. When you've got your sick Tang and he backs away to 20 things he doesn't get APIs. When he backs away from 10 feet away get back every hundred feet. He doesn't get a chance and he may not get any small current in this but it ends when Justin does know the correct and sees things in their truth and not in the eyes of the retinal image. This is the important point we're going to demonstrate in just a minute when the distance is no. This we would call the complete perception with other information

about distance you see the linear perspective to see other things that are in between the nail in the foot. But if you take away clues to distance that extra information and let the brain get this side of the retinal images then it is what it is a retinal image and that changes things there. And a far thing that is the same physical look very much so. Now let's see the mystery. And the big hair. The series beer fun. That means big and I'm a little head in on the reckoning and there and I'm going to quit

and I'm going to put the big head. And now they get complete. And your heads are different and their big their forehead is big. You see them than and there's complete fear with the way they really are. But remember now what about the rest. No images must be the same because the big head is twice as big linearly up and down as twice as big as this and it twice so if it's twice as big in places it's going to be the same. Now to a reduced

so that and the table in this paper here disappear. We just get a picture of nothing that can do nothing. Picture nothing that's on TV here but in a minute. Then we do that with a reduced these two heads are going to well it looks harder. Now those are the ones you've been looking at and they look next to each other they are next to each other next year's nothing but that specter backs away. That's the way for a noun and the other the only look at my fingers my fingers are always on my fingers in the next to the reduced. I got a big hair and the little baby cousin.

And with these things you can see the difference but here the head was made smaller and correct. Now we can go right next to my 2 has it's pros that are reduced. Now look and say get the reduced deal. Now that was a really interesting but this one you're saying is near. There's nothing but the regulators go on to the big retinal image and this one you're seeing is far the coolest. And to give you and me together

now we've got all three together. This is the complete This is the big this is the little and here is this. And the small of the small car because you've got to complete you have these two things that are really in physical measurement and are seeing the same size this look. Now then let's get the other view then suddenly. Look different and this is unmatched. This is just the Happens and deal with them separately.

It's like you calculate it and it works. The point of view of yourself is making these observations instantaneous Of course it isn't a status of the electronic calculator but it takes only a few seconds before the judgment is that the correction is made by the brain the thing comes off. Now then your psychology deals with any changing adjustment to perception as an example with perception there are some allusions rather than this business or sorry brain correct makes it perfectly clear how important the brain is. You could use it in connection with this if you want to read this thing the boring length colored

in 1948 and the book psychology wanted Harbingers used since 1948 and so is closest to my lectures very much if you're to get it because I'm one of the people that get the book that it's got a lot of information and it takes about 50 hours to read it as fast as I'm talking now underscores is only about 20. Then you can see a much more recent book to see team oriented to good books. But this is often because I don't get into the glory length. It looks like looks like you see those little baby then learning to climb up after step as one of the

twins are taught to climb in the other. This is the Morgan book it looks like they both have lots and lots o references. For further reading and the references for further reading have them references for further reading. You can go on and on as you may want. And that's your general break still to want to ring you in connection with this book to tell you much more are on the course because as I said the question is less than 20 and that the very little time I think there are 168 hours in a week or more in a quarter of a week long is it. Just think of that well known to the week. Well now next time. This time we were talking about what is psychology and using perception to illustrate next time I'm going to talk about what scientific method like and use the moon

illusion to illustrate the moon allusion to the moon looks big on the horizon and a big get smaller to get in there and this is part of the people time. The way in which the problem has been so far is it's been so not complete yet there is a very good illustration of the way scientific method works to get an hypothesis. You test it out and when it's right you get a pint of. Psychology one with a boring professor of psychology. Television like your Harvard University. Psychology one is produced by the Institute co-operative broadcasting Council in the studios of WGBH Boston.