Changing World; 11; Tanzania: The Quiet Revolution. Reel 1

Why didn't we find that the file abroad would prefer that we commute one side and would cling to that one side and the idea that we should look at them and the one we we know and then defend your world that we would like to be a rogue New York Won't they find a good line of that new rad that we we've begun and with that we want to be a fed like a China and we become united. Did India said live in the United States. It could if we did I don't know the affiliate can. Oh good family IQ no ring that only think at Rivendell at Dragonfly who hadn't gone to the degree that I'd think and added to the thread with a big balance you have your own growth then you add a big bar was where did we learn that the new world. Not by the window not I'm dead dead to my challenging China or challenging the knight in the Dominican there was a

little more than that then they would think I'm mad. The National Educational Television network presents in it's changing the world series Tanzania the Quiet Revolution. Joining us now is the founding father and first president of the East African Republic of Tanzania. I'm modest patient man. There was a bond of mutual respect and affection between him and the people he leads. They call him Wily Mo which means teacher and what he

is an imaginative innovator a quiet revolutionary and a champion of the policy of non alignment in relation to the Cold War. In severing diplomatic relations with Great Britain during the Rhodesian crisis marriage neither altered the basic policy of not alignment nor his strong economic ties with Britain and the West. It was simply his way of reasserting a long standing commitment to the struggle for African self-rule throughout the continent. I rarely believes in non-alignment as the only practical and moral means of getting help essential to these countries great war on poverty from everyone who offered it. We were in theory and when. We speak to the output of the two the with then country and they have the money. Then two things are required. They have the cash and the know how. And the third thing we haven't any thought of connection

with them. So we think it's really no good. They expect that to stop there. Of course we don't we talk to the Chinese. Then they discover we have spoken to the Chinese about it's really and then we become bad more immediately not because we wanted it right I think that. We should force you to do it then well they said we can't help you don't believe that we had expected to stop you there. Why should we stop them from underneath the biggest of the East African countries lies south of the equator bordering on the Indian Ocean and eight neighboring countries from its name speaks for the union of time going about the size of Germany and France combined and the tiny Zanzibar island most of the countries 10 million people and productive land are concentrated on the outer rim of the low lying coastal plain including the capital city.

That fertile highlands to the north kept by Mt. Kilimanjaro. And lake shore areas to the west and south. Of the country centered around is a vast area covered Savannah. In 1961 independence as prime minister took over the reins from the British signaling the end of centuries of foreign control. The capital of this new country is this modern rapidly growing center of commerce culture and government had been a sleepy Arab board until the 1880s when the Germans took over. It was the headquarters of German colonial rule until after World War One when it came under British rule. The cosmopolitan atmosphere of flavored with history

a few blocks back from the picturesque harbor one plunges into the poverty which characterizes most of the city of 130000 people and the rest of this big agricultural nation. Inherited a legacy of poverty from the colonial past. Even in Africa. And it is this state of extreme poverty which intensifies all of company's current problems and cast a shadow of uncertainty across her future. We are a young nation. Less than what they did month road. And therefore we have we have our own particular problem so that if we were a wealthy nation and most highly educated people and very healthy people would still have the problem of bad adjusting ourselves or the young people even if it happened in Africa in the world with big problems.

But in addition to our youth is a mission. We have the problems of development the problems of the health of our people the education of our people and their and their and the wealth of our people. There are huge problems and frankly the problem the the problems of development we do have three things. To face these problems head on Tanzania has adopted an ambitious five year plan and long range goals that Mary expects to reach by 1980. The gold called for more than doubling the annual per capita income from the present fifty five dollars to one hundred twenty dollars for making fully self-sufficient in trained manpower through a program of education and for raising life expectancy from the present 40 years to 50 years. But the desire to lengthen the life span must be supported by great the expanded and improved health facilities. At this rural hospital in body 28 year

old medical assistant is in charge to help patients. Quite a number of patients are being brought to late. When the disease advised when a patient comes to the present complaining point to. Having significant exam that if we see they are they sleeping sickness or going easy tonight. We take our to see if you have. This neighbor painfully. Examining trying to detain me. We take the patient. The wife of the medical assistant to the head nurse the entire staff of 13 most eight to ten thousand patients a year. About a year the fly infested area one of the hospital's concerns is the

detection and early treatment of sleeping sickness. We tend to be sick and if we have enough about trying to make people understanding the danger to get out of domestic animals try to clean it to make them wear clean clothes to hide it. For about 30 years in. The most extreme poverty and the greatest change the quality of life biblical in its simplicity. And so they're at a. Famine and pestilence occur every four to six years. When there is drought in

shallow well dry up entirely. The people who live here raise cattle and maize and sorghum and a minute. To inspire change and solve the problems of poverty. Iran has been experimenting with social and political reform like many other African countries has adopted a modified form of socialism. I think most Africans that one form of socialism that we get at the every 10 countries will find that unlike in the Western countries. There their government will have to do more and more directly. With the economy the development of the economy of their countries then the United States. There

needed new or needed to do then and then can and then lead to new then them most of the more developed countries of of Europe and North America need to it will be found in Africa my Africa African government might do the things which are usually associated with a socialist government that is one or the other or the other are the other the other one with the African countries. I think you'll find they might do it with the the socialist camp of the Communist come have not done it the African countries will they are quite blatantly so that they will make use or they will provide room in their development to private investment. Private capital is invested in Tanzania's big plantations although they occupy less

than 1 percent of the land they nevertheless account for over 40 percent of the country's exports. They own primarily by Europeans. Here at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro where some of the best coffee in the world is grown. Dana manages the Swiss owned state. Well to begin with we pump into the local economy the formal way to store local people way saw something in the region of. 20 25 with. The local economy. In addition to waits since. There is time to make squat and company tax it is roughly. If this will split up into small unit that would be nothing nothing nothing like a toll. This is a practice which thrives in dry soil and its

biggest export. Here at the Anglo Swiss owned and Bony estates I ski field workers chop off the top spears which are then bundled and moved off to a central plant after a process of squeezing and drying the end product is a strong fiber which is the raw material used in making baling twine and rope. Almost all size all is grown on foreign owned plantations but the government is using incentives and some pressure in persuading a state owners to assist in the establishment of settlements by size it'll be grown by African. And Borneo states provides an outstanding example by lending funds staff and equipment for a community of this kind. Here at the new settlement taking root after the Bushies cleared settlers build houses for themselves starting with the frame of small posts. Families from unproductive and overpopulated areas have volunteered to come here

and start a new cooperative community. On completion there will be 250 families that couple living in four villages. Each family has a 25 acre plot on which to grow sizeable and raise some maize and other fruit crops. Now Iran is banking heavily on settlements like to transform the lives of Tanzania's poverty ridden farmers. It's a bold and expensive experiment which will be a major test of the success or failure of his regime. By 1980 the government plans to have one million people living on some 60 settlement schemes like it. But I can present the problems immediately ahead loom larger than the prospects for success. During their first year with no crops to be obvious did families receive their entire food supply and monthly ration from the United Nations World Health Organization. The corn I mean you have

donated by the United States. Water which is in very short supply in this part of the country must be brought in daily by truck. Well you know it is taught by one of the settlers in Swahili the common tongue and under any. Name. And. There has been no shortage of families volunteering for this pioneer life and unfamiliar surroundings. They have been arriving with a high proportion of children and great hopes for a better life for a new generation. In addition the government provides the best advice it can muster.

Settlement comes from every month or so to provide a meeting with the state and the local manager brings up the water problem. It's sort of extravagant new access for water being wasted and that doesn't mean that mentally I'm going to hear from you. Again this

is. Not the development. Mick Jagger I know she's a housing expert. Born in Tanganyika and trained at Syracuse University. Disturbed about the kind of homes the settlers are building. And that's a good thing. Yeah and the same in fact which is the most desirable thing is that they should be state they were in there and I went to the village number one. And the last thing in the thing that when I came to think about the traditional which had been put there by the National Service you know and I spoke about it in the listings one class and then they peer down into spending their time maintaining them and now it's almost a distinctly you know that this thing did happen.

And some people have been doing from scratch. Yeah it's irritating in the ass and everything which I get people and I did not get the impression that this is purely just a few questions you know to do it to the situation. Settlement life here is continuous hard work. The manager has the job of getting rid of a settler who is not playing his part but because of these actions. Different schemes they have formed and committees and they have had their findings so much the first day's absence and so much the second day's absence and so on leading to expulsion. And I think fines are being selected again quite illegally. But I think the thing at the moment is to get these members of these clubs didn't want to abide by the regulations or suffer the consequences of

failing to do so now. But I think in a case like this this man now do everything in fetal development committee suddenly decide you want a different regional committee to adjudicate. There's no point to the subcommittee if the subcommittee investigate and discussing with the other set the fan is really unsuitable not to learn his own expense or any other necessary documents. United States Peace Corps volunteers have also been working at a book group. Dawn Robertson of the University of Michigan trained landscape architect. I did lay out plans for the villages and I went in with the African surveyors and we lay out the road to located the houses on the ground and then 200 national servicemen came in and helped us build local type houses out of grass with some mud was set list of I laughed at the way things are

getting done. But in a lot of things they go you know. P-Dog you know the smell of the times. I'm always one to like to get jumped right in the middle of things and then punch a mountain to get him down and tell him you've got to go smoothly. You know I think is for most of us working here the biggest thing is just to slow down and settle back in and watch things go along and help all you can but don't push too. Tonight they present heavy reliance on foreign manpower is a stopgap measure of self-sufficiency and technical and managerial skills. The very essence of a country's power to develop both the money and the men and I think think the long

answer to the manpower problem University is a symbol of the paramount importance given to education. As chancellor of the university International to this first graduating class each student was assigned to a course of study according to the manpower needs and is required to work for the government. After graduation. In order to provide the country with as many trained adults as quickly as possible and an ear gives priorities to higher education and secondary school all university adult education and secondary school students have scholarships. Some tuition is paid on the primary school level. Thank you so much on a girl secondary school is considered to be one of the best

in the country at the assembly the headmistress Miska welcome students at the start of a new term. Same story. Thank you. Over half the faculty at much I mean are foreigners. This is the situation that one would find

that most of the country secondary schools because of the shortage of trained teachers. So it's one of about 300 Americans teaching in Tanzania. If you're giving a course in African history. You really think you.

Know for those ethics. The class moves on to a discussion of current developments in South Africa. And more. Than. That their relation to come in through the mud in the snow the white people. My main concern. Me with completely the point. You. Know. I don't think they even deny.

It.