And the world listened; Demosthenes: Second Cheronese

Democracy is against us. That is mistrust. Every despot is the. Most spoke and the world listens. And the world listen. Program to win a Series dramatizing. The men that created. These programs are produced by radio station WAGA of the University of Wisconsin under

a grant from the Educational Television Radio Center. In cooperation with the National Association of educational broadcasters. For the series. The Department of speech at the University of Wisconsin. Here is Professor Habermann in the history of our civilization. There has been no orator more eloquent than DeMoss and he's no one to whose lips the words of liberty law and constitution came more readily in the course of his life time from 384 to 322 B.C. He strode the stage of Athens when that noble city was playing the last act in the drama of her glory. In century after century the mosque in these us stood as a symbol of greatness in oratory. He was an original genius with words as a poet or a novelist or a dramatist must be with his prodigious talent and his drive for perfection. He embodied in popular oratory the new Greek theories of the art of speaking

great oratory demands great themes as well as great art DeMoss and he's found his theme and his life's work in the Athenian struggle for freedom against the totalitarian despotism of Macedonia. Philip of mass of them became king of his country which lay to the north of Athens in 359 B.C. He was a military an organizational genius one by one he conquered the Greek city states until only Athens stood against him in the mosque and he saw clearly the danger to Athens of this powerful military force. He tried to rouse his countrymen beginning in 3:51 b c he attacked the Macedonian in a series of speeches called flipping but Athens came too late into the field and was defeated in 338 BCE. Nor could Athens throw off the domination of Alexander the Great son of Philip who succeeded to his father's place in 336 in 322 B.C. at the death of

Alexander Athens struck another blow but was again defeated DeMoss the knees. A price on his head fled from the city to a small island where he took refuge in the temple of Poseidon. His only possession was his pan. In the end of which he had secreted a lethal dose of poison tossed in the prison. You were there. Are you speechless man of Athens. Did you break your pen scribbling to come read us what you wrote silence for restrict us. Hobart looked at the prisoner. Bring him out of the temple. Poison poison is there life in him yet. Poison he was writing a letter and we were watching him. All right. Lift him up. No no. Finish the tragedy and cast out this body of mine and bury it. Make gods here me to rise and depart this sacred place of the.

These masses don't aeons they have polluted even this damp mess don't you. All his life his pen his words they gave life to Athens and now the city fall and he dies by the pen. Take it up with care and wrap with it these other small belongings is all we have to show for this. Our greatest prisoner. Longed for the mosque not only in the temple but in the street behind the door. In silence and in private places the city weeps. There are no voices to whom can we listen. He is dead. Who spoke for the city.

And all he spoke. And there was death in his war. But we did not hear. Could not believe. I knew the man and the mosque knew him well personally you understand. Of course every slave every free man and citizen of Athens knew who he was as anyone on the street could tell you that but I. I knew him personally. And I think I may say with all due respect and modesty I helped make his success. Yes. I'm certain he must have been aware of it. I recall the day. It happened. He had been trying to make a speech in the market place under the eye of his teacher. Chaos giving a wretched miserable performance and the crowd wouldn't have it they shouted him down and he had to leave the platform. When I saw him he was scuttling through the back streets to his home with his head muffled up so that I scarcely recognized him.

There goes a miserable crab thought I wishing to bury himself in the sand and pity moved my heart by the grace of the gods. I followed him. I spoke to him. He poured out his way to me. Did you see did you hear them down like a dog. My lungs trying to shout over them. Athens. Free Citizens of democracy. They howl like hyenas. Nothing but a man's serious thoughts. They're no better than barbarian. I have not found not at the theatre. The knees were you at the last when Oedipus Rex from the very first speech the crowd was so silent you could hear a scratch is back on the stove. But of course you are an actor. I want to be a man of law and order only the people don't listen not to reason not to care for a well-constructed never sees a public affairs Oh no.

They listen to drunken SOBs they listen to sailors and scum from the waterfront that can hardly read their own bills in the wine shops. But to a reasonable man of intellect a professional auditor. My friend because you are not yet a professional. You lack polish. Come now do you know the speech I just mentioned the one from Oedipus beginning. Oh children do you come with of course I know it I was a good school boy speak it for me now. Come I mean no I don't game speak the whole speak a few lines it doesn't matter. But speak it as well as you can. Well the king's speech to the people. When I know that you are smitten one and all with that taint of plague. And yet those none that seem to plague feels as I feel it. Each his burden bears his own and not another's for my heart mourns for you in half enough. Oh great DIONYSUS. Did you hear.

I take no mocking from you I've had enough yesterday off softly good to most the knees. I only beg God to listen to give his blessing on this trial. For look you shop now. I mean to speak the same words and you are on trial. We test now whether you have eyes to see and ears to hear and the wit to understand what the senses may perceive. So I stand doesn't begin where I know that you are smitten one and all with pain to play and yet though smitten none that taint of plague fear as I feel it. Each His burden is his own not another's. But my heart mourns for the state for you and for myself. And lo you waked me not as plunged in sleep but find me weeping weeping many tears and treading many paths in the wandering thoughts and that one

way of I seeking for this have I acted on. Yes. Yes you get the effect. I get the meaning if you so clear the words they shine like stars. Well I made mine mere lumps of clay. It was not the same speech at all. How how did I do it. Tell me. Well first of all your stand your posture what you did with your hands the movement of the head. Because I cut quite a different figure this frame of mind is no match for yours. But the voice how you shaped the words as if your tongue would a sculptor's hand that the words came out as mighty beings and with your breath you gave them life. Thank you. I fancy I did even better the day we won the prize. But look you these are matters for the oratory too as well as the actors and even more since the prize is greater if he wins the people's consent to his

plan of action. At least my friend Aristotle insists there is no greater part than that of politics. Myself I think it obvious the reputation of Athens rests on her divine culture of the art. And before this the theatre the drama is my friend my worthy friend. Forgive me. Who would have believed him and he thinks I must try it out. I have much to do much to do and it shall be done. Who would have believed it. Still a Krabby workshop on exercises of speech. Days weeks of work. Nobody saw him he took care to go abroad in the streets. He shaved half his head so he must stay indoors and concentrate and grew back. And he became great. Disciplined himself.

Mastered the sickly body he was born with a great organ of speech. You understand of course he was a nothing a nobody he ranted of ships and money. To build strength for was. Said about the great days apparently. There were he was young and like young wine he tasted. But he had scratched the sting of him would not wash away. He had an itch for trouble and irritating. He could not find joy and pleasure even in the relaxations of you. I remember one afternoon at the gymnasium. A group of us were watching the boxers exercise some match between. But it was pleasant sport for an afternoon and had a wager on a big bucket from Damascus. This looks like a grape from the skin.

There's another way up up there will you bet again I have no money with me come back to the house. No no stay. They're bringing up the rest. There is yet more support. Which do you like. But if I must. What have you there. Handful of figs. Take them I think they're spoiled. My stomach will make a solid ending to a bit of sports I should have stayed at my work I speak tomorrow and you've already scratched the penned a bit long since the paper. Don't mock me you had it put to memory at least five of them I still must polish it. I'll burn the lamp all night. What new danger when you realize up to Philip of Macedonia. Well that is nothing new. He buzzes like a fly about our ears every Some of these six years past. You'll get no bravos from the people tomorrow if you weary them with Philip. Why add another bucket to the sea of words we've spilled on because we must cut Phillip

Down draw his blood not wet him with words. Tell me what say you this fly buzz buzz the fly feeds an overripe fruit and one by one the grapes fall and all the bunch is gone. You satirise you are over ripe Athens is over ripe all the city states of Greece are over ripe the Macedonian sucks us bit by bit and every mouthful makes him bigger. He must be cut down. We sent troops to it and he struck then another place. What is next to us in these. Well in this. Already the Greeks have lost as many towns as I have fingers on both hands. Yet we in Athens stand with open mouths roll our heads like clowns watching your fly buzz buzz wondering where he will light next. This is the speech you'll make tomorrow but since I have heard it you'll excuse me if I visit the gymnasium again. I want to see those rest. Then mark the barbarians wail like that poor devil who just lost my money

for me. You saw how he missed every chance had no plan no skill. He clutched that place. He demand the other side and there went his hand never parried a blow never matched wits with his enemy. Stupid barbarian a Greek knows better than to fight that way. Yet that's exactly how we make war on Philip. And where do you make your war little man. In praise yes yes yes yes you'll march in every island and mountain pass Yes with our own citizens not mercenaries with a plan with a will. Not up flyswatter Phillips is our enemy and if we do not stop him away from you and my friend 30 32 you should drink wine. Wine keeps down the evil humors of the blood. Why do you drink only water. The spit broken with the what wait

by the God Squad. So we quarrel. And the next day I went again to the gymnasium I did not hear his speech but everybody. It was the talk in all the streets every house of the stripling water drinker opened the debate and settled the elders back on they. Around him rallied the Patriots great men like Lycurgus as well as the rabble and the news of his plan his wisdom and his followers spread throughout Greece and across the borders to Macedonia to the very court of Phillip Im sorry if the rumors right hold your tongues. The court of magpies clear the chamber all of your dancers musicians get out I march to risk my neck on land and sea and through the palace like children.

Where's the ambassador. Yes there is work to do as you wish your Majesty would do and I could sleep there is a hammer in my head some wine Your Majesty. Not only for pleasure but for your health. A little wine for I dare not sleep. What is this report of yours from Athens. You write this and then tell me to drink. I'll give you boiling oil to cut out your story. What of the world I send with you to Athens. What have you done with the gold. Paid all paid Philocrates as I said in the report. Then what has he done to earn the money I pay him well when Athens to my favor. You told me he was the man to do the job he is he is one of this this must and he is but but a waterspout a cloudburst. A lot of noise but soon silenced Alacrity's is a strong leader and loyal to you your lot. Thank you I have no eyes or ears in Athens but you then must know waterspout rather Me thinks a new one just

beginning to rumble but he spread smoking lava through all of Greece. How does a king cap a volcano. Fascination of the Athenians mourn him dead man turned to oracles and their words I believed. No he comes too close to knowing my plans. How can he not them. He reads my mind as if Steve is it your Majesty. If he were my counsellor so be it. I will have him here to console me. Your Majesty must contrive it. Rather you my secret friends in Athens tell them to arrange an embassy visit from Athens most powerful leaders to make a pact of peace with me. You know the line Philip seeks only friendship with Athens. But make sure that the muster news is one of the men chosen. When he comes there will be an accident here in Macedonia. Can you not understand these Greeks. I tell you we must match wits before we draw swords. If I cannot with these Athenians I can

never conquer Athens. No. See to this embassy of Philocrates as the others but make sure they bring the muster needs to be done so and one thing more. When you see Aristotle tell him again about my son. Bring Aristotle to teach my son when Macedonia marches through the gates of Athens. I want my Alexander to be a match for those Greek boys. Bring him back the picture. Yes. All that planning was done. I see it now and now we see it. But then we knew only peace. And others went to Macedonia and the peace was made. But they cried out against it. Athens overruled him. Philip became one of us with the state a member of the great council. He sat in the very center of the Sacred Heart of the Greek states.

He controlled the sacred oracle of Delphi and Philocrates sang his praises it at Philip. We were astonished at his splendor his regal bearing and excellent manner of speech speech. A restoration to Moscow is jealous but he cannot dispute what I say and if he has eyes he must have seen how magnificent was Philip his person how come only beautiful a woman ish quality. But of course to must not enjoy his hospitality. Philip is a most excellent companion a drink and we laughed to hear them argue it and said what a sour fellow DeMoss the Nis was and how he must have been a prickly guest at Philip's court. But as the piece dragged on we saw more clearly that there was no peace now in circling us on land and sea spreading rumors and gold by traders and selling friends. Philip drew closer to Athens always protesting peace towards us when he began to

intrigue in the Peloponnesus. We sent Demosthenes to counter-attack. We hoped his words could defend those cities against the poisons of the old man of Messina. See how Philip has promised in broken promises to other cities of Greece. Remember the Olympians. They have been robbed by Philip not merely vanquished but betrayed bought and sold by their own countrymen. So with the Thessalonians there is but one common for democracies against tyrants that is mistrust. Got it. Hold fast to it. What is your object freedom. Do you not see that Philip's very titles are utterly irreconcilable with facts. For every king every despot is a sworn foe of freedom and of law. Keep your own walk of mistrust. Beware lest seeking to be rid of war you find a master. Shouted their approval. The Moscone had the words. They listened with

approval but Finot had the gold and used it well and no more words were needed. When Demosthenes came home from the Peloponnesus he was more than an ambasador. He was the very heart and conscience of Athens. His mission had failed. All Greece was caught in Philip's net. All that the most the news had prophesied was coming true. Still while he had courage the city lived in breeze. I myself went to his house. It was in the early summer just after the bad news came from the care Sunnis in the north. I found him in the garden sitting near a small pool and as I came out to him from the house another man a tradesman left the garden wrapping something and hiding it in his own nose that is what entrance you make are you Agamemnon today or is it Jason Jason.

No woman could love a face like that. Then asked the NIS what have you to do with Jason. The fellow just leaving this garden the Egyptian but he makes my pens for me and repairs he makes rings for half of Athens rings with poison hidden in them. Really. What do half the people of Athens want toys and why do half of them pay gold to stay out of the air and how there's a sensible question because they do not want to die in battle. Is it more pleasant then to die by poison and pretend there is no battle and better still may they not use both their wits and money to equip armies and ships and win the battles and live to a ripe old age. You think there is hope then to most unease. You have a plan my dear fellow I have been trying for years to explain my plan. I think now Athens is ready to listen. You can save the city. The most the nice you can save us look. Look in the pool the fish swimming about. I didn't come to talk of fish. Someone is poisoning the water the fish will choke gasp desperately for air

try to escape. You want to save one one fish can you put a fence around it and save it. Well of course not. Not if there's poison in the water. Not one fish not one save while the others die. You must cleanse the water and save them all all or nothing. You cannot save Athens all of Greece die. But we. We are the greatest and we must lead the others. Come is it so difficult you have acted the hero many times upon the stage. Here is the drama of our age. Tomorrow I shall read it to all the people of the city when I speak in the assembly. I see that you are there to lead the applause my friend I was there all Athens was there and he inspired us. Not without reason the Greeks of old but eager for freedom. There was something men of Athens something which triumphed over the wealth of Persia

which up till the liberties of helos. Which never lost a single battle by sea online. What was that it was nothing subtle. Simply that men who took bribes from those who wished to rule or ruin were hated by all. The opportunity for action could not be bought at a price from our politicians or our generals. No nor our districts of tyrants and barbarians. Now however these things have been so good in the open market and Greece has a more homesickness vice that goes hand in hand with corruption. You cannot defeat the enemies of our city until you have chastised those within our very walls who make themselves their servants. Our ancestors thought they were bound to consider the welfare of all Greeks. So we while we make preparations ourselves we must summon collect

and exalt the rest of the Greeks. That is the duty of a city with a reputation such as Jaws enjoy. It was for you that your ancestors won this proud privilege and bequeath it to you at great and manifold race. I will move a resolution even if all other states come to slavery. We surely must fight the battle of liberty. That was long ago. His voice is silent. The crowds are silent. The gates of the city are open. The Macedonian walk in our streets. They told us what happened in the temple of Neptune on the little island where the mosque the Nis took refuge.

The captain who hunted him down was our chi and. He used to be an actor. Like me before he joined the Macedonia and became a hunter of exile. But that day. In the temple of Neptune and. It was DeMoss the NIS who finished the tragedy of all agrees. Yeah. Here again is Professor Habermann. Along with the mosque the nays the liberty and the glory of Athens died in that year of 322 B.C. despite the destruction that time and wars can wreak the splendors of Athenian democracy. Our philosophy and education have lived with us always the art and the message of the mosques and

these are also part of our heritage. Demosthenes was not a hail fellow well met. He was send Sorious. He had a streak of bitterness in him. He was determined nervous intense unwavering single minded. He based his life on a philosophy that Americans can easily understand that there is an irreconcilable hostility between a totalitarian dictatorship on the one hand and a free democracy on the other. And the world listen program to win a radio series on great orations. The men and the age that created them these programs are produced by Radio Station W H A of the University of Wisconsin under a grant from the Educational Television and Radio Center Frederick W. Habermann chairman of the department of speech at the University of Wisconsin is the consultant. These programs are distributed by the National Association of educational broadcasters. This is.

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