One nation indivisible; Hungary

The following program is produced under a grant from the educational radio and television center and is distributed through the National Association of educational broadcasters and the University of Michigan proudly presents one nation indivisible. Self-determination independence. Sovereignty. These are the catch words of one of the most powerful voices on march in the world today. Words which symbolize the desire of people everywhere. To be masters of their own political destiny. This is our story. The story of nationalism in the twentieth century. Told in a series of 13

radio documents created by the broadcasting service of the University of Michigan. And now. One nation indivisible. Communist doctrine throughout our 20th century has preached the ultimate collapse of national barrier to the Communists. There is no one nation indivisible but instead the target of one world government every detail by the party of Marx Lenin and Stalin for half a century they have championed this idea and have extended it to their satellite countries sometimes with their cooperation sometimes with threats and terror sometimes by brute force of arms. So let us peek inside the Soviet orbit and examine the conflict between communism and nationalism mega-star Dunkel jacket Sabbah you've got to

knock Yeah Tookey benzine you chatted here as a young man as that country anxiously talking with his friends is perhaps 16 years old. No more that he has been under communist domination practically all his life. His school his books his daily activities have been controlled in exquisite detail by Soviet coming stars. He listens to communist radio programs reads communist pamphlets attends communist discussion groups and is reminded in 10000 ways how fortunate he is to have Russia for a friend. What would such a boy be telling his friends. I must tell you he is teaching them to destroy Russian tanks. This boy is a hunger. Study this boy who destroys tanks. He has read Karl Marx until he was bored to death.

But in the quiet of his room at night he has also read with shimmering excitement the palms of sand or pet of my daughters. You would of course be free by a hungry holy God change. So he gave his life. Just. Look again at this boy. He can lower a tank into a blind alley and kill it with a bottle of gasoline in a smoldering wick then the adrenalin of Hungary and patriotism has he not read Lenin's works on world brotherhood of course he can recites

Lenin by the hour but he can also reside with his elders. The mag bar creed. He said. Damn Ben he said he's got a shag sack I man. I believe in God I believe in one fire the land. I believe in one everlasting divine justice. I believe in dairy section of Hungary. This boy has he not heard that Russia is the all knowing all powerful compassionate friend of small countries. Did he perhaps miss those discussion periods when the commissaries explained how fortunate he was to live in the Russian orbit. No he didn't miss them but he tempered what he heard there with the remembered

words of his weenie who back in the 17th century had some comments on the Russians too. I know there have been many who Festen great hopes on the Russians but needier do wish for day help. Nor do we hope for it. It is a faraway country. It's politics foolish it's government. He who trust in God who loves his country who has let him call on the Lord in heaven and join me in the good fight. Yes this boy who discovered how to record tank may or may not be a good communist. He knows he has a good Hungary and from the moment he could read and write he started learning about the valiant history of his people and of his nation which began a thousand years ago.

During the ninth century the mudguard tribes men who were to become known as on Gary ends appeared out of nowhere and moved cautiously up the Danube River toward the Great Central Plain. They sent their war parties against the bogus Moravians and the Germans as a people the Magyars was strikingly different from all others in the Danube country. They were different racially and spoke a unique language and being different. The Magyars found none they could trust and constantly had to fight for survival. They battled the mum by the range in pitch and eggs and Bavarians until by the tenth century they had earned their rights to the central plain of the Danube and there they stayed. The Magyars or Hungarians were Christianized in the year 1000 and subsequently took part in three crusades against the Mohammedans. From then on and Garion history is a saga of constant heroism and determination under three different o pressers. First

the Turks and Mongols next. Austrians of the house of Hapsburg and finally the Soviet Union. Of the many contributions made by Hungarians to the world even though under the yoke of foreign oppression. One made five hundred years ago is symbolized by the sound you now hear. Bells of each Catholic Church around the world ring out at high noon with a midday signal that is more than a convenience to the community. But lot of Hungary and tell us about it. In the middle of the 15th century that captured Europe's ancient bastion of constant denial. Of the West. And when it gave way all case to the Turkish juggernaut gathered strength and moved inland from the Bosphorus their army came to Belgrade and they're waiting for them. Was the last strong force

at that time between the Turks and the North Sea. It was a Hungarian army led by John when you and a Franciscan friar John had just. We get ins for the Mohammedan invasion to a standstill. Don't they have military might and forced them back to Constantinople. These great events we on that day leave with the sound of bells at. The victory at Belgrade kept the Turks out of Hungary for more than a half a century more. But finally they came irresistibly in fifteen twenty six and began 160 years of domination over Hungary. This was the first of the three major occupations. I see a horrible dragon full of poison and gore and the

crown of hungry. Who are hungry and people. Die cos so forlorn that no one cries out in dying all of greatest danger. This is Nicholas Sweeney in the year 16 sixty riding one of the most famous patriotic works to come out of the crushing years under the Turk titled German poison Turkish opium. It describes the hardship of a nation trapped between two Alienware rows nor heart is disturbed over a dying misery. My hungry. No one speaks even an encouraging word in this last struggle. We possess and lend it to you by force of arms by our forebears. And it must be preserved in a like manner. Peace and alliances in a quiet life are not for us that we have learned to our sorrow. The storm of Hungarian patriotism was banned by the authors and poets and kept alive in the people until it became too great and powerful to conceal gaining help from the Austrians the Magyars recaptured the fortress to Buddha and sixteen eighty six driving the Turks back into

Asia Minor now after 160 years of serfdom the Hungarian nation was intact and ready to begin life. But they had overlooked the Austrians following the recapture of Buddha cardinal calling it you know Austrian statesman loyal to the house of Hapsburg had a special delegation to establish title to the land so long occupied by the Turks had the Magyars known him better. They would have seen that they were about exchanging one oppressor for another for a common age. A sworn enemy of Hungarian independence had boasted. I shall make Hungary first then Catholic. And lastly German the Austrians proceeded to follow out the policy of calling the church and from the year 700 to the end of World War 1. The Hungarians were controlled by the House of Hapsburg at times that control was welcomed and other times it was resisted strenuously and the fiercely patriotic and

variants were never remade into the image of the Germans. This is the music of the rock gods in March by Barrios. It is a stirring piece that reminds everyone Garion of the first of our three revolts against the house of Hapsburg. This was led by Francis Rocco to the second brains of Transylvania who was raised in an ultra patriotic environment. He became the natural leader of the ensuing the early seventeen hundreds as they tried to break the grip of the Hapsburg empire. And with this music of rock goatse we might also remember scattered verses of that heroic poem on the capture of Esther.

That s dugong would be shows upon its fork the banner of the book that flies with a point before the rising sun said he has risen three times more will fail that rag flag upon that staff and the guns of rockets and wrapped both under spoke boom and the towers of Estragon were crumbling at the stroke the knaves plays right across the night. The troops are like a flood and your nights were covered with blood. But when the dawn breaks the splintered walls and records the rides in Esther gong rides in among the dead. But in 1711 his revolt ended in failure and he sought asylum with the former enemy the one

small of the Austrians where infirm can draw and it was said that the rounds of the nation Festo once more. I. Fired by the success of the French revolutionaries and Garion Jacobins launched a second independence movement in the 1790s. But this was foredoomed to failure. The Magyar nobles men would have no part of it and the House of Hapsburg did not have the weaknesses that tumbled the French throne 11 Jacobin leaders were captured and beheaded and the revolution faded out faded but did not die for in 1848 the third and most powerful revolt exploded in Budapest as a part of the general revolutionary tempest that had begun raging throughout Europe. The spirit of forty eight staggered the entire Habsburg Empire Germany France

Austria itself Italy all felt a shocking impact of nationalist demands and on March 15th 1848 the day now honored as the Hungarian for the July the revolution came to Budapest. Students from the university cheered as the young poets tandoor patta fi B claim the stirring verses of his poem national song from the steps of the National Museum. You must mark my son Jackson. My daughters and I use your country call us me. Oh to be follows one small or to be free men are slaves to you are spirit craves the hungry Holy God. Do we. Do re swear that's changed. No more bad was the name.

Try to return a new friend frame that these days have Smith trial in but no he is not to cave life to let his country leave own think he would lie for a price. Then he sneak thieves right fungus. Oh really God do loose change. The printing presses began cranking out thousands of copies of federal fees national song which set the temper of the Spirit now unleashed and on the other side of the pamphlets appear the manifesto listing Hungary's demands the political goals of the Democrat revolution.

Popular representation in the diet responsible government trial by jury. Abolition of serfdom freedom for the press absolute religious liberty the right of public meeting. After the initial surprise the Austrian army began to march shrewdly realizing they could not put out the fires of revolution in all parts of the Empire at once. Statesmen pretended to yield to the Hungarian demands while directing their generals against uprisings in Italy Sardinia Prague and Vienna. There was yet no indication of violence that would soon strike them ideos leadership of the Hungarian Revolution rested on Louis caution. On April 14 18 49 should call their rump parliament at the City of their beds. They made an astonishing move. They are officially declared that the dynasty of the Hapsburg

was then and that ended and that Hungary was thenceforth an independent state. This Republic was destined to survive for only four months. The Austrians were bitterly stung by Hungarian independence. They pulled troops from Italy and elsewhere and marched them toward Budapest. The Austrian army was credited with being one of the best in all of Europe. But the Hungarian strengthened by their new national spirit fought them to a standstill. Then came a deed of infamy which inflamed generations of Magyars. It started with a petition from the Habsburg Emperor Franz Joseph to His Majesty Grand Duke Nicholas czar of the Russians because of insurrection and disorders which have grown widespread in Hungary. We intend to make a forcible re-entry into this portion of the Hapsburg empire under the agreements concluded between Austria and Russia in the holy alliance. We invite you to contribute military support to this venture with the purpose of stopping

the disorders and bringing punishment to those in Hungary responsible for them and reestablishing a just and lasting peace in that area. In the spring of 1849 when thousands of Americans were making the westward journey to the California Gold Fields the Russian army also moved to the west. They came over the Carpathian Mountains by the vets get passed and flooded over the face of Hungary. On July 1st 1849 Louis Corps suit issued a ringing proclamation to the peoples of Europe appropriate nation which bears an anguished similarity to the words we heard in 1956 addressing parliament said. From East. From north from West. An army of at

least one hundred and twenty thousand men broke into our country. But we shall not surrender. I we send the shoes of Europe. It is on hunger areas soil that Europe's freedom will be decided when we are lost. Freedom all over the world we have lost a great country. When this nation is lost a nation of heroes we have met you. We find to the last drop of our blood that this land may be the land of the chosen. The freedom we love. Or that it may be our eternally damn new monument. To what tyrants may do what nations and peoples may become when they abandon one another. But Louis cause shoots believe in 1849 was no more effective than was the plea of radio Budapest in 1956 the Russians under passkey have each

poured over the passes. From the opposite direction came the Austrian on the count high now who was called the butcher. The Magyars though hopelessly outnumbered fought in both directions at once but it was a desperate and impossible war Shandor better be who's aware of this had touched off that a vault died under the hooves of Cossack cavalry our armies were shattered and general good again. The Hungarian surrender. The revolt was crushed in the summer and early fall of 1849. The Russians turned the beaten nation over to count high now who dealt out swift and violent punishment on October 6 A date which has been a national day of mourning ever since. Thirteen Hungary and generals who had taken part in the revolt against the Hapsburgs were executed in

God and Hungary is first prime minister count but DNA was executed in Tash across the river from Buddha. This briefly has been the story of Hungarian nationalism up to the present century. It has not been an idle history confined to dusty libraries or to a few learned professors. It has been a living day to day reality in Hungary and life. It was the eternal like Monument directed on the site of the October 6 executions. Willow Castle Hill and Buddha is the place still called The Field of Blood by the leaders of the Jacobin revoked where he had it. There was the roster of great patriots known to every man woman and child but Johnny. And the despicable names in each and post gave it. Their patriotic slogans and pamphlets and patriotic themes in magazines newspapers theatres

radio broadcasts even in the songs people saying. No nationalism in Hungary has never been a quiet and so date affair fit only to be contemplated by scholars. It was bowed lei and proudly out in the open for all to see and for all to be inspired. Then came 1944 and the Russian army again rolled over the past and occupied Hungary at the close of World War 2. With them they brought Communism and aggressive ideas of substituting Marx Lenin and Stalin for rock U.S. And part of it was absolutely essential that the Russians change Hungary and nationalism into a love for and strict obedience to the principles of communism. To achieve this the Communists had to place themselves in a position of power in Hungary in our only free election in 1945. The Reds won and meagre 17 percent of the vote. But it was

enough. They proceeded to destroy all other political parties and leaders. They attacked the Catholic Church Cardinal senti was taken prisoner. The Reds began to dominate business industry agriculture and communications for all spiritual ideological and political guidance. They forced Gary and still look only to Moscow and the USSR for 12 years this assault upon the concepts of nationalism raged constantly. In October 1956 the conflict broke into the open spontaneous Hungarian revolution against Russia. Young men and workers went out into the streets to destroy Russian tanks. Others formulated demands upon the Soviet Union and the whole of us. We demanded the adjustment of hangin Soviet relations on the basis of complete political and economic equality and other non

intervention in each other's internal affairs and to divide of the people. We demanded the Stalin statue symbol of tyrant and oppression be removed and a memorial to the martyrs of 1848 be erected on its site. We demand the return of the coat of arms and we need forms for the National. We demand that March 15th should be a national holiday and that October 6 should be a day of national mourning. Modern History records that the Hungarian revolution of 1956 was ferociously

crushed by the Red Army. But it is doubtful if the Red Army or any army can extinguish the deep feelings of Hungarian nationalism. The Kremlin has had considerable experience in dealing with the powerful spiritual force of nationalism. They have encountered it among the Ukrainians the Georgians Armenians and the U.S backs. Indeed one reason for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was to provide a safety valve for their spirit without jeopardizing the absolute dictatorship of Moscow. The Kremlin is that additional experience with the nationalist feelings of Yugoslavia and of Red China in the long run. It is doubtful if the satellite nations of Eastern Europe will accept the theory that nationalism is all right for the USSR. But all wrong for the Poles and Hungarians and yet for all their experience the

Russians were dealt a severe surprised by the hunger Ariens there in Budapest in 1056 the unquenchable fiery spirit of Hungary and nationalism blazed brightly if briefly in the communist darkness. Did 1956 mark the end of one thousand years of modern nationalism. Or was it a dramatic prelude of events soon to come. One nation indivisible. One of a series of 13 radio documents on nationalism in the twentieth century. Resource advisor for this program was Dr. George Kim of the University of Michigan. The program was written by William Bender Jr. and never dated by Lou Hamers

included in the cast were escapees from the nine thousand fifty six hundred three in revolution. Now students at the University of Michigan. Others in the cast were members of the WUOM radio gear. The program was directed by Williams Daggett and was produced and transcribed by the broadcasting service of the University of Michigan. One nation indivisible is produced under a grant and aid from the educational radio and television center and is distributed through the National Association of educational broadcasters. This is the end of the Radio Network.