The negro American; Slavery in North American Colonies

Anybody. But the one thing that has gone through Negro history it has been this theme of freedom of the equality of America standing up and living up to the bright promises of the Declaration of Independence. Then too is the essential American thing. There was no theme in MeeGo life that is not a theme in American life because the Negro is a market too. He is completely unfettered Benjamin that we borrowed to distinguish under the Tory and the negro his or to that is not the two groups of the schools in a series of talks like that in America we have the mainland colonies and on this point. Stop temporarily when we meet slavery in the English mainland colonies. We simply may say we did not spend I did not notice slavery in the West Indies but across the West Indies where the great place where the slave trade flourished because the West Indies produced this great commodity and shove it back they were

proud the sugar arrive and as you know when we defeated France and the French and Indian War we actually wanted the English act we wanted rather would be better to take bribe Lupin Martinique the great sugar violence of the whole of Canada and the England would then be guessed right. Chose Canada by Brad Lupin mommy was so important in 1763 that England actually did liberated the the great sugar. So that the West Indies lent themselves across as no other place to the to the slave system. Now we simply measure the West Indies because many of the slaves are going to come to the mainland English counties spend a period there from three to seven years in the West Indies the West Indies where they were there they were broken into the routines of slavery. There they were customs under supervisors and special other slaves to adapt themselves to the institutions slavering and

the mainland masters naturally preferred slaves who had been broken in rather than rot as they call them are giving negroes direct from the west coast of Africa. So in the history of the American Negro the West Indies played a role because most many of the negroes in the mainland counties being then Genya and the other main town in many of these Negroes spent a period in the West Indies and then they're brought to the main English colony where we now turn our attention not only turn our attention to the southern colonies. We have spirit we have prayer spent just a few minutes noticing Majendie. Now we know this project because she was prayers and because what she did about slavery is going to set the tone whether it's done about slavery and the other being this prom. Not just a brief minute on Virginia law the law banning them did not define that and yet it didn't define status at

all. It left that to the comany economies in America one usual place because they had freedom of freedom which we wouldn't think generally colonies had but that the weighing the Man-Thing fact we ourselves never defined citizenship the United States never defined who was a citizen until we come down to the protein of the man meant that 1868. That's the first time we got a who is a citizen of the United States. It was never defined because English law was silent on the status of slaves are citizens. The Ginia was free to establish these things as South although he was just a common. And the existence of slavery evolves in Virginia because we have reason to believe that the prince twenty negroes who were brought to Jamestown the 69000 were not slaves they were indentured servants. This Catterall the greatest power in judicial cases concerning the negro slave. Point this out because she says these press negroes were

baptized and therefore at this stage it was not customary for Christians to enslave Christians. One of these Negroes after Johnson himself became free in sixteen twenty six and was holding indentured servant. Therefore he must not have been a slave it is but the south of the city period was not familiar with slavery but it was familiar with indentured servitude it is believed that these British negroes and twenty negroes landed in Jamestown we just know about it from one line and John Rhodes diary. These twenty negroes were indentured servants but of servitude in the case of the Negro is going to be debased into slavery. Old master always tried to think of the invention when you're in debt you're you're five or seven years without the math. Probably cried the banker but in the case of the Negro he was able to do this successfully. Somebody gradually lost 72 is going to be in Virginia. The base into

perpetual servitude which is strange and there are a number of cases which indicate that clearly the only one I mentioned the famous John Punch case in which John Punch a negro ran away from the Genya with three other indentured servants they were cropped as they reached Maryland they were brought back and they were given the three non-league because for years were added to their period of servitude for having tried to run away but in the case of John Punch he was required to serve his masters as throughout the rest of his natural life. Did not say anything about the supernatural but the rest of his natural right now does indicate that a case of the negro as early as 60 40. There was a trend to this period of 72 and a case to our only mention one of the last one the 645 when a Negro ran away and for running away his period was extended to 16

65 20 years this was most unusual Jenny as I've indicated the period was extended for five years but in the case of the negro there was a gradual lengthening of this period some of them in Virginia in 661. The word slave is used for the press time. This means that by picking sixty one over a period of 40 years. Maybe every year volved in Virginia it's 66 to a Virginia state of Virginia last set of colonial statutes that you follow the status of your mother. Negroes follow the status of their mother which meant that a slave woman her children automatically would be slaves and there you're going to have from that time on a permanent supply of slaves in 60 to 67. A bit junior colonial law said baptism doc not going for freedom. They were tired of slaves bringing up the fact that you can stay because I'm a Christian like you make it but then you just took the bull by the horns and 667 and passed a rule that slavery doc not confer

baptism and saying to the slave whether you've been baptized or not that is not admissible in court for your independence. So that within a period of Prady years Genya evolved a slave status for the Negro and by threatening five it was for you bar and negroes were not permitted in Colonial Virginia to serve in the militia. They were not permitted to serve in the Established Church the Anglican Church. They were not permitted to hold any position whatsoever. The negro position in Virginia had evolved. No other colonies coming after the Ginia Genndy fatherhood. So that the Vedic Ali simply took slavery on more or less. As for blown and we get the existence of slavery in colonial America. Now in the middle column that cheaply notable play we did not take family to keep me out of a first rate protest in colonial America. A group of Quakers in Germantown Pennsylvania February 16

88 drew up a protest crowd at Germantown protest and in this protest they indicated that slavery was stealing a man it was contrary to the Golden Rule. It would be smirched the name of Quakers in Europe and it was dangerous because the slave would not be forever slave and it separated families that had a great witness against slavery in colonial America. The greatest of them are being famous John Wellman who emerges in 7 on 7 21 and for the next 50 years speak against slavery. There are other voices in colonial America but none so strong as that of the quake and against the slain. Not down to the New England colonies their slavery did not take firm root. The New England colonies obviously did not produce the great state of the great staples which required a supply our southern colonies below the Potomac producing staples in fact Mauldin was known as the tobacco car.

So where you produced the great state where the land is right where the climate is right you begin to introduce goes on and there you begin to get a different treatment. We would expect that in Colonial Carolina the slave approach would be very much like the codes in the West Indies Barbados for example because the slaves were numerous. In New England where the total slave population never amounted to more than two point six percent of the whole population where the entire colony of New Hampshire at the end of the colonial period had only 200 negroes there and colonial New England. The slaves would be there would be ameliorating factor. He would not be nearly as not he would have more elbow room as we would say today than otherwise. Here he would be praying and matters related to math and others held at the slate too had a soul that were interested in religious instruction here for the only time

in the entire British history marriages would be farmed between slave slaves would be taught to read and write in New England which was quite unusual because some of the tasks they perform required reading and writing in the wing of slavery was patriarchal with the slaves in the same place that the Master did slavery on a small scale. New England could produce a further sweet thing where there was an unusual bond between the master and the slave because slavery in Boston would be different from slavery and child. So that you would see a colonial New England. A picture of slavery that Lorenz or green gives us in his great book there which is different from the slavery elsewhere of slavery did different various places. But on one note i think i may close this before this this portion. And that is our own slavery different in the various colonies and different all within a colony of south.

For example of Virginia in the Tidewater area of Virginia where the rivers flowed up to your to your own private slavery took very firm group. But in the back up country Virginia back County Piedmont Virginia this slavery never to print that. Now West Virginia where the Negro population never was more than five percent in the same one colony. The prop of the colony may have very few surveys because it was the mountainous section it was the Appalachian faction but the Tidewater area of the same colony would have Maryland the shore and Midwest with amount of difference. So that when we generalize about slavery as we will we will notice that there were differences within the generalization so that slavery in colonial America on the British mainland counted but one thing is true although slavery different jam the Americans whether they live

in Massachusetts or the Genya on New Hampshire or Georgia generally they had in mind the same attitude toward the position of the meat. Many of them in that they believe that the negro was congenitally biologically in a period they shared this belief. Example Massachusetts and Pennsylvania had colonial laws against intermarriage even though the number of negroes as I've indicated was very small. But generally the English speaking people that had a feeling of superiority. So this was a tactic mistake in prolonging of the monarchy. But the element of fear would not be present in the knob and calming and hence the preachment would be a much different kind. But the basic psychology the basic attitude and we point that out because that condition so much of the writing and studying of American history. Because when we get into American history

and read the story the 18th the 19th century to start then we meet great men like Lincoln exactly a man that obviously was a centuries in advance of that and yet they had beliefs which in the 20th century sound hopelessly old fashioned because they came up in a crime. When the learned person nor Arkansas when white people generally generalities had to be very unusual. A woman for example to think otherwise when they get in the body that this man was a big by God. He says that the crest of the Old Testament was on Negro so that in colonial America the attitude toward the press analogy of the negro thought his innate quality which would not differ greatly but that the treatment and the beauty about his soul the detail would differ. North and South. We have been listening to Professor Benjamin Quarles speaking on the Negro

American a series of broadcast was produced for a station w DTI the Department of Education or broadcasting for the Detroit Public Schools executive producer Frederick E. Schiller technical direction Clifford where this program was distributed by the national educational radio network.