Revolution: 20th century phenomenon; #13 (Reel 1)

Would you like to live in is were sunk to where there were no prospects of your chosen representatives participating in decision making would you like to live in a society where you were economically and socially. You know people who are themselves that was excellent say Ebenezer Moses Deborah ambassador of Ghana speaking at the twenty sixth annual Institute on world affairs conducted as a special feature of the instructional program at San Diego State College the institute is dedicated to the use of the free academic forum for the presentation and discussion of current and continuing issues of international significance. The main theme of this year's Institute is expressed in one word revolution. Our speaker on this program was educated at the University of Ghana in the London School of Economics following the completion of his studies. He taught and then began his service in the diplomatic field and now is Excellency Ebeneezer

Moses Deborah addresses the Institute with his topic for discussion. The African why he is in revolt. Ill. Thank you very much. Thank you thank you. The African. Why in the world. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created by their Creator with certain inalienable rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends

it is the right of the People to alter or abolish it and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and their happiness. This is what it's all about. This is where the African in Europe is in revolt. Firstly against his cloning of mass attacks against his own indigenous people and for some time to come. Again the triple evils of poverty illiteracy and disease. A century and a half ago some European countries principle to Britain France brought the larger part of the landmass of Africa and its people under the Susan and they set up Africa and over the African people. What is usually

known as a colonial system. Many Africans borrowed to the system because they were powerless to repudiate it. Others good to poverty because they mistakenly thought that it would confer on them the benefits of extend our civilization and polish. There was however no doubt in the minds of the Metropolitan powers what were to be the functions of these colonial countries and people. You are mainly speaking to the Association of industrial and agriculture in Paris on March 8 1899 said he wanted to discredit in advance a new sign of industrial development in French colonies to oblige the overseas positions to look. According to the mother country from a fucked up production and before field by force if necessary the rational function is that of a market reserve by right

of the mother country's industry. Your own ferry had declared earlier without a hint of caution but a declaration of the Rights of Man was not written for the blacks of Africa. One of the African countries were in a position to do so. The choice was colonialism by all means at their disposal. Because the system was not in the interest and because it is destructive to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Would you like to live in a society where there were no prospect of you or your chosen representatives ever participating in decision making. Would you like to live in a society where you want for ever be subordinated economically and socially. Non-Indigenous people were doing sort of those of us who own by themselves. Speaking on colonialism to a group of business men in Rochester New York in

1961 I was asked whether Ghana's development of independence could not be attributed to its being a colonial Britain wanted out to mean that an African speaker the previous week stated that the only reason why his country had to start from scratch so to speak were the fact that his country had no colonial masters run a civil service to explore the mineral wealth of the country or to provide a degree in French but its people had been raising themselves by Europe and the MBRD countries which had the opportunity of being assisted by a former colonial master. How then could I say that the colonial system is not conducive to the pursuit of happiness of people. I assume the colonial system was not a system of there was a beginning but there was no predetermined end to the

Metropolitan Government did not set for themselves a date on which the authority over the country therefore did not set for themselves any political economic and social market were prepared nor development plan for these countries and the approach to economic social and political development was piecemeal. No doubt rare were ports and routes were built in a number of countries. But the careful examination of these targets reveals that the intention was not to open up the country for the development of the rule of the people back to provide channels through which the product of the country could be transported to the coast for export. If you do not believe this compare the road system in Nairobi Kenya to Sacco song where the Colonial has had no intention of looting or Lagos were plagued by mosquitoes who built a road and rail system

adequate for a proper development of the country I suppose. But the service of transportation produce the goods. Let us for a minute take a look at Latin some of the remaining pockets in apartheid in Africa. Seven years ago I read to the American Academy of Political Science at a port on the gloomy picture of African life and I'm good at the scene has not changed at the new 70 years. Now I needed to get some 60 kilometers from London is the little village of that one central force itself 700 families and young girls and old women share the image of the communal water dug your old hole in the limb and were too many miles to and from home where life goes on much as it has back in the thick of this. It's primitive and as much a part of Africa at its

nearest neighbor the Congo it does propaganda boast that all his subjects are Portuguese first and only incidentally white or black in color. But the Africans who live in villages like this and I'm going to know what their chances of achieving for Portuguese citizenship even for what it is with a slender indeed an African welcome to a distant administer dissatisfaction. But he's a good Portuguese a good Catholic a good family man with only one wife and live for income may someday achieve the status of a first class citizen. But the last word is with the local administrator. The Portuguese government is proud of the schools that provided many in the colonies. Knowing In theory these boards are open to all. In practice economic and butyl practical road blocks stand in the path to war by the privileged few. The higher the grade if you were the Africans able to sustain the deaf to the protests of

Africa's black nationalist blaring ahead with a scheme for colonization. Yan was on the Limpopo River Valley whites and blacks aboard the place in the jungle book for new settlers will be sent up from Portugal to leave the question of pollution. Live in apartheid South Africa first one constantly would say this is a quotation from my name back in the past in the 53 years that have passed since the South African government and the most appalling collection of racist laws could be found in any single country anywhere in the world. The cumulative effect and the increasing ferocity with which they have been enforced during the past 60 years of giving to apartheid the basic characteristics if not the exact dimensions of slavery back to the African for whom the policy has meant humiliation and degradation

starvation disease death jail beatings torture and hanging. The difference for them. A barbed wire by luck and good luck. This is anguish. But all too familiar crack up with starving mother and South Africa writing to her husband telling him that their children are starving. Things are working under way for you in competition with the liver or he's in your mind receiving is far below those enjoyed by whites. Mind you sweeping the streets of some city and and £3 $10 a week for which he paid for his food rent a train or bus fare to and from work. Wherever he may be working. If you send him money it is always going to be a few would be for you to see.

It's where Reza Sayah reporting how many of the children. And if one of them. I thought I did but precisely because the children are starving and dying of starvation. You must mean you must find work in exile. How come that we have been unable to awaken the world's hands against this form of meat given brutal oppression. How come the country is ready to send their sons and daughters to far off lands to die for freedom. But if you want to join in employing the only effective measure economic sanctions the goons doth who defy the laws of using reason. How come that we do not hear the cries of the South African woman but continue to invest heavily to prop up a peoples whose only sin is that they live in their God given land.

And how come that one country beautiful South Africa and all these it was evident that all men have a right to life liberty and pursuit of happiness. You must run and be counted. US Secretary of State from March 26 1961 cannot stand aside from that of revolution are forces there themselves have to not if you do wish your own experiment. Freedom to survive proclaim its independence and those who claim to be concerned with the rule of law. Exact themself to disguise the inability willingness in fact you're very late and got it. It's a black African country. I got tempted what good will with my government would not have as it did look up or

however many they may be. That is why we are voting in and with them being South Africa. We must continue to vote until the principles of democracy of this country. It is clear that the injustice of the indifference we form part of the colonial system. Prove that the longer the colonial system lasted the longer it would take the country to overcome this is not the problem. It would take a long time to eliminate poverty ignoring the inadequate health facilities Mordor communication system and general ignorance of world affairs. Nobody ever grew up all became much you who was whatever led. Furthermore since Africans each other like thing Americans are not utopian for America or America would never be able

to give them a sense of identity would never be able to instill in us our confidence in them and in turn would never respect or treat as you was born whose destiny whatever remained in other people's hands there would be no need to end racial discrimination for more than discrimination has its origin in the system of slavery and inequality which was imposed on the African in the last recently. Independence for African countries was necessary and long overdue. It is not a system of colonialism which should have been continue but a new system which would move the developed world a boon for its past sins of omission some of commission in the developed developing world. No independence long overdue with welcome. When it was achieved there with the candidates but with unity in life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To groom a prime minister and president of Ghana

for 90 if you want to 1966 echoed the aspirations of your newly independent people. When he said in his book AFRICOM is united in our struggle for freedom parliamentary democracy was a vital and aim of Independence inseparable. It was not our purpose to rid the country of the colonial riggin in order to substitute an African children who wanted to free our people from your rule and to give them the freedom to do the kind of government you first would best interest and our struggle was fought to make our people free to practice the religion they choose to give them the liberty to associate in what ever group you wish to create an atmosphere in which there could say and write and think freely without harming your neighbor jeopardizing

the state. Yarmulke revolution at this point would have done poorly and surely up the independents to asserting the African personality into battling the three enemies of society. Poverty ignorance and if these principles had been on it when Cromer and bagged other African leaders who have recently been overthrown by God yet it's a sponsor for the moping up revolution who seem to be sweeping over the fruits of Africa do you know where many African nations became independent and political conditions where the ruling party occupies almost all the seats in the legislature. This was so because in the struggle for independence there was not much of an alternative policy independence my do one another one immediately. The people that tended to support one leader who became a father figure

the most he's leading his people to the promised land. Somebody got promised a new heaven and a new earth quite unconscious that we would apply to much the deeds we did not mean that the African people were expecting their leader to perform miracles. I do expect the Indian leaders to continue to see the welfare of their people to suffer with their people and together seek a break at the model. What went wrong. You know some leaders after independence became so concerned with maintaining themselves in power so concerned with home political impact who left their people wondering whether the independent promises were being marched with post independence action parliament became rubber stamp him and their leader's wishes or seeking to perform his wishes in advance.

Pass not in fundamental liberties were ignored. Taxes went up with little justification. Budget deficit became chronic and the who are commercial in the economic system began to grind to a halt. In the absence of an acceptable and peaceful constitutional provision for the court in dissatisfaction and thus it was only a revolution which could cause a heart to society do immigration. Subsequent events have shown that even after the first revolution our leaders failed to do that which is in the interest of the people. But rather seeing the past in our pleasures and promote their personal ambitions. These revolutions will never stop but as long other revolutions occur in the search for better government and wider wiser leadership we are not cause for despair.

It is not enough to judge Africa's aspirations by the number of schools hospitals roads and public buildings constructed for people yearn for freedom or the right to participate in government particularly for the right to represented by the right of an independent judiciary to advocate the plan and the entirety of that peace of mind which enables them to express themselves in poetry and drama. When Freedom and Justice are denied them we have to deal with the kitchen to put things right. We are there for to sympathize with the people who are trying to set up governments in accordance with their own background and the government's will to provide them with the means to continue to enjoy the fruits of liberty and justice and to continue to pursue happiness. Government to provide stability and peaceful evolution in action. I am not defending or

condoning the powers per se but those executed by selfish men to impose a worst tyranny on their helpless people. I'm not an advocate in the words of Thomas Jefferson for frequent changes in laws and constitution but I've never seen or observed laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind and that becomes more developed more enlightened as new discoveries are made new truths discovered in manners and opinions change with a chance of circumstances institutions must advance also to keep pace with the times when laws are made or a police system established would make peaceful change impossible. Then revolutions are necessary to set the state on the true course of good government. Otherwise Rue might compete in a quotation from Jefferson as word of a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when a boy. A

civilized society to remain under the regime of their barbarous ancestors. There has been a tendency to describe some of these African leaders as a varying kind it of the devil. Need your immediate actions leading to the overthrow. Perhaps some of the users of that IP that it is possible later to convict them on charges of serious errors of judgment. If one considers the magnitude of the task for them this does not absolve them from responsibility for events leading to the overthrow of the Economic Commission for Africa. In a memorandum to Vice President Humphrey during his recent trip to Africa summed up Africa's post independence problems as follows. We are of the Economic Commission for Africa. I have no illusions about the economic difficulties confronting Africa in terms of income

per head. Africa has some of the very poorest countries in the world. It has a population of over 300 million to more than double in the next few decades. Within the last few years an increasing proportion of basic food supplies have come from the outside world. Forty three percent of the population is under 50 and need an education in keeping with the development of climates of the continent. Africa is the least industrialized of the worst region and the necessary expansions of Africa Marcus implies a great improvement in the transport and communication system of roads for example. The present need for a cable from Monrovia to Freetown goes through London and New York. Efficient industrialisation also requires cooperation among small and hitherto isolated country. Moreover given the structure of African economies in the US Allies Asian dictates an increase in imports.

In a situation in which the world market conditions for many of Africa's primary exports are not good enough because elsewhere economic advance depends critically upon the mobilization of science and technology and we are in no danger of underestimating the magnitude of this attack and the protests. I mean there's no question of it turning back. You might have heard of the little story by the Duke of Edinburgh the programme was timed and exactly at midnight at a minute a minute to midnight. When do you know Jack would be lowered in the canyon. Like the ceremonies and it a little earlier than anticipated. There were fewer Minister way before independence to Jomo Kenyatta the king and Prime Minister and said Mr Prime Minister you have a few minutes. You want to she'll mind

very little but there's no question of going back. We can only go forward you know a new philosophy containing a message of hope and inspiration. Margaret formulated and preach to the people. The new philosophy of development of Africa might be summed up in Kenya as model I don't believe that has put our shoulders to the plow together let us work together. Some leaders consider the immense task of economic and social development because in the countries that do that dissent among the organized and controlled in order to prevent selfish people for their own ends obstructing national progress in the name of dissent. Controlling dissent often to the form of legislation allow the existence of only one political party and we were supposed to put all the discussion about the right approach. The national problem for there was a

conviction where there was no alternative policy and you need to know rather gives a wrong to illiteracy and disease free. And I'm brittle dissent and opposition. Western style parliamentary democracy. Two or three party system were thought to be luxury with the people trying to overcome the handicap of think you can ill afford it in light of Africa put in difficulties. One should respect his point of view and must never subjected to and this is really cool. In fact in some of these countries it is really a system whose turn to keep order in chaos. But I personally believe that it is not in the item of interest even of our societies. We're just struggling to overcome the handicaps of many senses. To put caps on descent for this easily makes the dust of the disputed sponsible tomorrow and this enables unscrupulous persons in

high places to part of their misdeeds. If there never was nepotism graft kickbacks used in look along with the group and the common people feel betrayed. Their complaints are silence with force and a forcible takeover. The inevitable but all of this could have been avoided. Would dissent have been allowed. I said after Lois remarked in his book on West African politics. The public to reassert God to the right of independent criticism it was but to a party membership a political system was functioning depended on the out truism of politicians would be as much an absurdity as an economic system depending upon the Museum of businessmen where it is obvious that the legal one party system is necessary for vernacular reasons or a force should be made to consent to consult the people freely. Every few years. I believe that the advocates are the

one party system which we need to emphasize the need for strong governance. Government with a with a mission a purpose. Governments with a good program and the determination to see this program successfully implemented. Governments are willing to risk Tempora unpopularity in order to see the country through periods of difficulty. This type of government is what is required and agony needed in Africa. The one party system does not necessarily provide for a strong government. It has a great danger that it decrees that the people will for ever accept those who are in power today. In Africa most of the leadership at the top have split shortly after independence. Evidence that the Syrian leadership is not forever acceptable by the law for beachgoers who disagree from forming your own parties therefore resort to violent methods or merely exercising their right to dissent openly. Yeah media to

suppress the other league or one party system does not need to strong and is then desirable governments but the general is quickly into the establishment of a tyranny. And he didn't merit to others of your basic rights.