Maryland State Of Mind; 202

Funding for this program is provided by the 13 institutions of the University of Maryland's system. Additional funding provided by investment counselors of Maryland Incorporated which provides investment services to the defined contribution market through form mutual funds managed by ICM. And by Pepco. We're connected to you by more than power lines. Coming out of Maryland state of mind push back the sands of time from an ancient port in Israel that is surrendering its secrets from beneath the soil and under the sea. King Herod once ruled. See how learning a foreign language can be fun especially when you experience it like a native. Through an innovative teaching tool and learn how World War II left an indelible impression on our nation forever changing how Americans worked played and viewed one another. So join us as we explore the frontier of knowledge with the University of Maryland system as our guide.

Good evening. I'm Scott Simon. Welcome to Maryland state of mind the program that showcases the scientific cultural and academic advancements that frequently occur in the University of Maryland system from the far reaches of space to the inner workings of a

living cell. The new perspectives on history. We explore the depth and breadth of the human quest for knowledge and beauty. Tonight we traveled to the ancient land of Israel where archaeologists and students from around the world and especially the University of Maryland College Park are uncovering a great city built by King Herod in the first century B.C. says a re-invigorate team. A name Herod chose to honor the Emperor Caesar Augustus of Rome. This port city featured an artificial Harbor that was an engineering marvel then and now and an archaeological trove of treasures that's shining a great light on the past. So join us as we make a voyage to an ancient Harbor. Two. Thousand years ago near the ancient cradle of civilization. A man was building his kingdom. King Herod of Judea

wanted to impress Caesar Augustus in Rome with his vision with his mastery of creating great cities with his great aqueducts crossing the land. Even demonstrating his power over the forces of nature. He decided to build a great cork. From which to ship the abundance of his fertile lands to Rome which would emphasize and solidify his importance and position. In the Roman Empire. For more than a thousand years says orea maritima named in honor of the Emperor or flourished as a major urban center of the ancient world. A city whose past is in line with the names that resonate throughout history. Just by Jesus of Nazareth. Caesar Augustus. And certainly. Herod the Great. It was an economic hub known for pottery and glass work.

And it was a city of great beauty and art. As the centuries passed the city changed hands from Romans. To Byzantine. To. This. And eventually the Crusaders. Until it was abandoned and fell silent in the 13th century. Then the sand upon which it stood shrouded this jewel on the shores of the Mediterranean. But the sands of time are being pushed back once again this time by the sweat and ardor of hundreds of individuals compelled to uncover the visions of Roman administrators that may lie just inches beneath their trousers. Fell flat in my. Ears. But. It's.

Not working out Strauch. Were. Mostly students from American universities and particularly the University of Maryland College Park. These kids pay their own way to dig their hearts out in this history soaked soil. Dr. Kenneth Holcomb a historian at the University of Maryland College Park is one of the directors of the combined sensory expeditions. There are lots of learning going on here. And it's a wonderful social experience anyway. For young people and for some who are not so young anymore to work together and. Learn how society works. And very close to environment like that. I think I have a cathartic experience when I arrived here seven weeks ago. I just stumbled around the Rands in a daze for about two days and just took it all

in because it was really. It was kind of moving. I mean I know this pilot. Problem was right up there the lights and the Great was here it is. I mean I really feel when I look at these buildings or what's left of the structures I feel things come alive. The harbor is the focus of this ancient city for it is where Harrod tame the sea. In the first century B.C.. Roman engineers build huge wooden forms on the beaches floated them off shore. And filled them with stone. Cementing them with underwater hydraulic cement made from Italian volcanic ash. Once the breakwaters rose above the waves loading docks and warehouses were constructed around this watery courtyard. Protecting the ships from storms. Today marine

archaeologists are vacuuming the silt and sand back from the millennium to reveal this engineering marvel. As the 2000 year old Roman timbers that formed the breakwaters become visible. One wonders just how impressive was Herods Harbor by more modern engineering standards. There is a famous case of what they call. Bret Bradley Kasal. It's an attempt made late 19th century. By the American Navy. Off the harbor of Pensacola Florida or. Attempt to build a freestanding seawall in the water

based on wooden form case. It. Was three bricks. Three times they tried. To install the street and they failed. So they face Zayn in what Herod did. As a matter of routine. At the crest of the hill that overlooked the harbour Harrod built an impressive temple he built a magnificent temple to Roma and Augustus. To the Goddess Roma and to Augustus the emperor as a god the Jewish king devoted a temple to these two deities. As an expression of her loyalty to Rome. This building was also a major architectural one. Josephus tells us that it was a kind of beacon. You could see it far up. The. Ship captains use that as a. Guide to Finding it. Where. To find the temple platform and its dimensions became an almost holy quest

for the students. Moving through tons of debris sometimes delicately. Other times forcefully. Their zeal heightened by their proximity. To greatness. In the summer of 1995 to great fanfare the archaeologists did find the edges and dimensions of Herod's temple platform. But this was just one milestone of many. One treasure of hundreds discovered over the last two decades. These students are opening a window on the human past so that we. Know we might understand where we have come from. And. Who we are. If you'd like to learn more about says area and the efforts to restore it. Watch our special

program says orea jewel in Herridge crowned March 21st at 8:00 p.m.. And most of us think of theater the bright lights of Broadway often come to mind. But Towson State University is expanding the creative horizons for its drama students by exposing them to some great directors from around the world whose concepts of theater can be vastly different but extremely creative. This is static conditioning preparer's future thespians. For a more complete life in the theater. So as we raise the curtain it will become apparent that all the world's a stage. There is something strangely familiar about the play despite the exotic costumes the spare and minimalist setting the exaggerated stylized

make up the story seems so very familiar. And unsanctioned marriage between a fairy princess and a dark warrior. The bitter envy of a scheming Lieutenant seeds of doubt destined to grow into a strangling vine of jealousy this challenging spectacle is a wondrously creative production of a fellow that is equal parts Shakespeare Japanese Kabuki and no Iago's plot as it is called is not conventional theatre. It is a product of a bold and innovative Master of Fine Arts program initiated by Towson State University in 1994. Whereas other graduate programs prepare students for a life on the conventional stage Tulsans is the only program in this country that intends to train practitioners of experimental theater. The term experimental theatre is really not that new. And it doesn't mean that we don't know what we're doing and we're trying it out but the idea of

founding a graduate program on the principles of experimental theater I think is relatively new. The theater is going to divide into two into two streams one is going to be very expensive theater high tech or well produced well funded theater and the other is going to be very low tech and funded theater. And the actor who wants to have some freedom about what he does and. Wants to be able to create a theater from its own perspective is going to have to go back. There are not very many programs who are training people to create the theater of tomorrow and that I feel is the job of the Townson program to develop artists who want to change the way theater is currently being produced. In order to pursue a life of artistry. The students need rigorous academic training and a realistic view of the theater of the near future.

There is a theory that comes with this program about. Ensemble theater being the theater that will survive that will shape the theatre of the future. And thats what not our philosophy is based on. When. You're working in an experimental form like new theater you have to be twice as rigorous in your intellectual approach. You have to know where the edge has been pushed before by looking at the avant garde of the 1920s in Russia or at the turn of the century in France. And you can also understand what's been done before so that you can continue to play with those boundaries and expectations. One of the key elements of the graduate program is to immerse the students in as many different theatrical traditions as possible. Last year they worked with a kabuki master. This year we're working with a Trinidadian carnival artist. Those kind of experiences are going to inform my work for the rest of my life you know because they are so different from everything I've been

taught in theater from age 5 on the Kabuki master shows. Satoh was the first guest artist as author designer and director of Iago's plot. He led his students into a distinctly alien theatrical tradition. Call it a song or music would be dance kids acting or acting skill. So then the story major element of the theatrical aspect was put together as a theater kabuki staging will be founded in exaggeration and stylisation in Japan. Many of the specific actors they are capable to design the costumes style the wigs sets rewrite the script perform. This tradition of cross training has a very strong parallel it Telson that works that's great that's great.

I like the era of the specialist is over. The program really is about creating artist. I was a playwright before I came here. I'm an MFA in directing. I will definitely be doing acting before here. The theory work that I'm doing you know is amazing so you really get a very broad scope of experience. It's a system of training that gives the students unprecedented opportunities to find their personal artistic vision. We're not training for the soap operas or for Broadway here. No we're trying to create a much more personalized much more self-contained theater for the 21st century. While we may not go on to produce kabuki theater fire or carnival he inspired works. It does broaden and challenge our aesthetic vision of our own work. The first year of the program culminated with thousands production of shows Sotos ambitious retelling of a fellow we all use in Shakespeare's plot. Author all but we change the title as

Jaago plot because we are here trying to add more Japanese or Asian concept to life and that this is the greater power beyond the human beings. Iago's plot attracted international attention. Program was invited the only university program ever to be invited to go to the International experimental theatre festival in Cairo. Everyone was nervous about how would it be received how could it be adapted. The production was changed quite a bit to adapt so that it was in both Arabic and English. I'm not I'm not coming at all. Come on guys. It was remarkable. I expected after 15 minutes to look out the corner of my eye and see people leaving but no one did. The

hypnotic hold transcended the Atlantic Ocean and really captivated the Egyptian audience as well. The students pulled together fabulously well and. The evidence was in Satoh receiving the critics choice for Best Director of the festival. It's very happy to hear from students. I learned so much that my life has changed from this point on. That's to me as an artist as a very human being. The greatest reward I heard from a student. When World War II ended and our troops came home. They founded America that it changed dramatically. Traditional roles for women minorities and the family had

evolved in the crisis for so recently Frostburg State University mounted a conference to assess just how monumental those changes were and how they continue to affect us today. When our boys came marching home. I was in Times Square one day and saw a couple the Times Building. It was a celebration. It was a no no as I recall in August when I was celebrating. Americans would you. Our troops were coming home. Four long years filled with suffering privation loss of life were brought to a close with the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japanese cities.

I've never dealt with the sense of pleasure that I wasn't feeling the war more than it shows in the light for me that I'm alive. The period immediately following World War Two is more significant than most people realize. Studying its peaks and valleys prepares us to understand the 1990s as participants of after victory 1946 1950. A three day conference at Frostburg State found out. Paul Fussell a panelist at the conference and author of the book War time was wounded by a tank shell in March of 1945. In the same blast. His sergeant crouched next to him was killed. This was not unusual for those who saw action. Was extremely angry. And most people it took me years to get over my resentment that people didn't seem to know what we had done overseas and even worse didn't seem to care what they care about

what they get in a refrigerator with a new car model which going with the beauty pageant the hill the only old American jewel regardless of what we've been doing and we've been involved in a war to save civilization and we don't seem to know what to care. Why don't you come over here and set up a break. We can't be worrying about chairs when they won't be back to my job but a nice fat bank. You don't seem very happy about it. I'm not. Why not. I can't help thinking about the other guys are the ones who haven't got you crazy. Factories that had been turning out tanks ships and munitions were retooled. They now produced washing machine cars and prosperity. We've got free houses we got free education. We were free to choose.

We would become what it would be like the American government saw to returning soldiers educational needs with the G.I. Bill. Some 18000 veterans enrolled in college. Two years later there have been two point two million. Veterans Education at Sam's expense. At a cost of five point five billion dollars. Bumby Breggin catchier for the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1940s. Have been the greatest thing that ever happened to the country since the war. The gods. And little town where. A lot of times we wouldn't finish high school because you'd get a job in the Westinghouse house like your daddy had for you. But other came out and they want to go to college and they became doctors and lawyers and educators. America was king of the world top dog the world was at the feet of the conquering heroes rule when

America seemed to be an echo of America's international political boom. We were virtually running the world until the Soviets gave them a bomb. Boy it was wonderful. Stephanie Coontz another panelist at the conference and author of the way we never were American families and the nostalgia trap sees the prosperity encouraged by government and industry in the 40s and 50s. Different problem. And this is a sense in which the postwar family bargain paved the way for the today's prices. Is that all of these benefits to the new suburban and white merging working class to the middle class came at the expense of urban population and passport States government finance 90 percent of the cost of building the roads and sewage systems. Suburbia didn't give a dime to public transport cities. Under cheap home loans for suburbia and

whites at the price of systematic redlining of the gray areas and urban areas. Now one bright spot for African-Americans in the 40s was Jackie Robinson who was taken on to play ball for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. He immediately became a symbol of hope for African-Americans a hope that would be addressed more complete in the 1950s and 60s by the civil rights movement. Clyde King was a pitcher on the team with Robinson. He remembers a game they played in St. Louis in the bottom of the ninth with one out and men on first and third. The Dodgers were leading by one run. Jackie came in and you know they were booing me trying to rattle me and then he said listen. He said you can take this boy and as well as I can. He said just go on and do your job and shut it out. And what he said as well as I can relate to because at the time it

came back. And when it was over I went right straight to Jim. I said ball if there is such a thing. Because you inspired me to tear down this guy. Women had setbacks after the end of the war as well. Women who had been welders became cashiers shipyard workers became secretaries and telephone operators. That meant lower pay and less challenging work. I never wanted to belong to a men's club. And I never wanted to get in a men's college or university. But all I expected was to get equal pay with the same kind of work and the same chances. That's all I ask. Catherine Stangl a Cumberland resident worked for Celanese for 30 years. Now I didn't get the same thing when in the jobs I was on in those nations and I really at that time.

Thanks so much about that. I was just glad to be doing that kind of thing. I like to do that as the years went on and that was the thing that I really stressed most of all. Ossie Davis a panelist and actor director summed up the period and the significance of the conference. I suppose one of the most exciting periods in our history from the end of the war the euphoria you know the Russians American soldiers meeting you know in Germany and the well with Japan and suddenly the economic boom that followed all of those hopes the founding of the United Nations all of these things that gave us all a sense of hope and high expectation. But it was the same hope and expectation that drove us to question the old system you know that that we're beginning to reassert themselves. So it was a dramatic time it was a time of low time

a time for the last two weeks I have seen it time to two years and the seats suddenly change just as much as the war itself did. We are still you know reacting to what we find out about ourselves. Immediately after the war. Many poor and uneducated people in our cities often avoid medical care until their problem is so great they have to be seen at an emergency room. But an innovative program started by the University of Maryland at Baltimore's school of pharmacy is holding out great promise by training neighbors to help their neighbors in need. Aiding the chronically ill with their medicine and doctor visits these citizens not only reduce Medicaid costs but enhance their neighbors lives and their

own. Never has the old bromide wrong quite so true. An ounce of prevention. Ms magnae. Marrying MacNeill's life has gotten a lot better since Emily started coming around but it wasn't always that way. Mary is a diabetic diabetes and hypertension rank among the leading causes of death of African-Americans in the United States. Heard a tragic situation that can be prevented with proper medication diet and exercise. But Mary McNeil didn't heed her doctor's warnings. I will sit around. I didn't feel like doing when. I.

Had very low very low self-esteem. And I wouldn't take my medicine as a shield. I would skip it. I wouldn't the is a sure. With diabetes you can become depressed and you feel like you really can't do a lot of things. So basically I've been a motivator with her. But motivation is only part of Emily's job. She is a volunteer a community health worker trained by the University of Maryland at Baltimore school of pharmacy. Dr. Donald Fedder the program's director started the program in 1991 to provide health management to Medicaid patients most at risk for hypertension and diabetes. These were a group of people primarily that that ended up in the emergency room was using that as a primary care of source and were ending up in the hospital for what

is perceived to be some preventable causes. But Dr. Feder warns this ill use of hospital emergency services comes at a high price. When the CAGW program began addressing this issue. Maryland Health officials reported that visits to area hospital emergency rooms dropped by 38 percent. When comparing those in the program with a similar group not in the program. That adds up to what. Twenty two hundred dollars savings per year per patient in Medicaid costs. One of the things that I found over the course of years of my work was that if we didn't understand how important the patient was in this whole the whole interaction with the health care system we weren't able to get it. We weren't able to get our job done. So we had to really focus on that patient.

And Dr. Fedder says that's where the health workers come in. They are not taking the place of the doctor at all. But they can communicate the message that we're trying to get the doctor trying to get to the patients so that the patient begins to take care of himself or herself. This program is is reducing health care costs it's improving health outcomes people will live longer and be healthier and happier. And it's also strengthening the community. My life now is much better. I didn't think that I could do the things that I'm doing now. In the five years since it began. The community health workers program has improved the lives of thousands of patients. But there are thousands more in need of this service. Fortunately in 1994 the community health worker program got a much needed boost. Baltimore's enable program enlisted you may be and for other community based volunteer

programs like Baltimore reads to operate under Americorp. President Clinton's national service initiative. It's a collaboration between a number of organizations that deal with a number of issues and the kinds of problems that these people deal with in the West Baltimore community they don't exist in a vacuum. I mean people don't read to they can't read their medication labels and understand what they are taking or they have other problems that are going on in their lives so the collaboration with the other agencies is a major factor in making the program better. But the program also works to improve the lives of its volunteers. When when they told me four years ago that I would never be able to work again I really got kind of low in the dumps and that's one of the things that took me so long to get well or to get to the point where I am today I'll always have hypertension that's never going to go away I know that but it is managed now and.

I feel productive. Today. Ginetta is a community health worker herself but more importantly for Jeanetta the program has raised her confidence and once again she is able to work in her community. I was a bit reluctant because I didn't think that I could do the job. But then when I came into the program the training filled me that I could do the job. We're confident about. When is the last time you've been away. The success of the community health workers program has gained the praise of communities around the country and the world. But its greatest tribute perhaps. Comes from the institution that started it. The U.N. may be school of pharmacy is experimenting with incorporating community health worker practice. Into its own curriculum. We have been striving to get our pharmacy students and are practicing pharmacist out from behind the prescription counter where they can really really grapple with

patient problems helping patients figure out how to take their meds better how to get the maximum possible use of their drug therapy. The school of pharmacy at the University of Maryland I think has added responsibilities because we're part of a public a public university. We have a commitment not only to educate our students but also to reach out to the community. I can look out the window in my office every day on to West Baltimore. A community that needs help and education and employment and health care and to the extent that we can get our students out there grappling with those problems realizing the problems are there and that they have some of the solutions to those problems. We'll be meeting our goal of a public school pharmacy. Television shows are often thought to originate in big studios in New York City or Hollywood

created by dozens of specialized professionals. But over the last couple of decades cable television has produced something known as public access channels where the public you and I can put on our own show for the asking. Coppin State College is the site for Baltimore's public access studios. And as you will see is helping make it into the people's channel cable town in Aurora Illinois community access channel cable Dan is not responsible for the content or views expressed by the participants in this program. I. Like walking the Wayne's World. All right here is your excellent post. When Campbell. Said It's time to party work on the way the world interacts

with it's Wayne's World scatch Saturday Night Live made public access television a household phrase. The comedic take on an often serious medium familiarised the American public with the unique brand of self-service TV production Wayne's World. In my opinion is not an accurate depiction of how public access television is even though it's a lot of fun and you make your own TV shows and you have a wonderful impact. Public access really is community television community based television where people from the community come and learn. How to produce their own shows and then put them on cable television in their community. Karen Simmons Berthier is executive director of the Baltimore cable access corporation commonly referred to as BCSC this nonprofit organization was contracted by the city of Baltimore to begin operation of a public access channel. Grant money would purchase the necessary equipment but the organization needed a workspace to call home

BCSC learned about a TV production facility at Coppin State College under-used after the consolidation of the state's university systems. When I first came to Koppen to. Look at the space that we're using here. What I found was a studio which was. In real good shape but the equipment in the studio. Was a little oh a little antiquated. And generally not of any use. It was a situation where they had a studio and BCSC had equipment. So a little marriage was. Made at that time. And everyone is benefiting from it. All those who want to produce new programs or play back existing ones must attend a mandatory orientation meeting to learn the policies and procedures of public access. In Baltimore City.

Good morning. Wake up. Good morning. There's bad in the orientation meeting. People really get an awakening of what they can and cannot do because we don't censor programs we do not do anything but screen the tapes to make sure that there is no technical problem. So therefore we can make sure that they understand that the responsibility is on the producer. So I tell him in orientation meetings we don't get sued you do and if we get sued you pay for it. Since the doors of the Baltimore cable access corporation opened on the last day of 1992 nearly 600 volunteer producers have been trained by Karen and her staff of three part time employees. We offer a variety of workshops here the workshops themselves really allow for them to have the right hands on use of the equipment itself is not a lecture course at all. It's really hands on working alongside the volunteers are Coppin State College students who have shared access to BCA C facilities here at Koppen we do

have a media arts major and the students who majored in that particular area used the studio two or three times a week I guess to see a scene early in the semester. I was coming here as a staff Stephanie member of the student newspaper and I came to do a story on the Million Man March segment that they were doing a forum on and I was sitting here for two hours watching everyone in the editing room. I thought this wow I have got to learn how to do that. So I come back two times a week five hours a day. I do a lot of volunteer work so I'm learning a lot. My hands are a lot of stuff. Once citizens and students have gone through the orientation session and the workshops of choice they're ready to begin making TV. We've got programs like world views which is environmentally based news program. They're here every week taping their

series and they do a wonderful job and come out with a wonderful product. In this week's stories. International outcry continues over Nigerian executions. Guatemalan civil rights abuses condoned. And major nation stalling on ozone protection. We're doing a progressively oriented program on peace justice environment human rights issues a national global perspective. So we have news. We have interviews we have features we have commentary we have film reviews. We have a variety of things that are incorporated into this half hour show that are all from this perspective not all programs aired on ABC News based on clear and focus and goals. Yet all shows are welcome and variety is encouraged. I've decided to do a TV show. That I titled self-indulgence which means that I can change it weekly or monthly. However my own. And. I basically just go to the movies if I want to go to the movies and talk about it. Talk about. My friends or anything that I want to. It's completely

centered around what I feel like talking about that weaker than ever. Most of the volunteers are really so eager they're so fresh and energetic and they really just are like sponges. You know they won't absorb as much as possible that you have to offer them and that's very very rewarding when I see people who sort of recognize the talent that may exist within me and they want a part of that is really the last place for the first amendment to live. You know you can say almost anything that you want and and depict the kind of thing that you want your community to see or your personal concerns or the concerns of your community organization or nonprofit and that to me is what's really important. Everybody here is thirsting for that knowledge and knowledge to learn the business or just that knowledge to go on and produce something themselves. It's great. You know just seeing everyone who's so ambitious you know you have to surround yourself with people like that. So you become more business yourself.

When our grandmothers used to clean our clothes they use something like this. Now today of course detergent manufacturers continue their insatiable quest to make our clothes ever whiter and brighter. So scientists at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute have teamed up with industry to discover some tiny organisms that actually like to eat dirt while improving their appetite with some genetic engineering. Wonder if they'd like a spotted crab bitch. Well we'll find out when we meet these clean Gene. As any parent will attest clothing seems to be a magnet for some of life's messier moments. Ice cream mashed potatoes peanut butter lasagna. Is it any wonder then that keeping fabrics clean and white has long been something of a national

obsession. For much of the century soap and detergent manufacturers have been buying to give us cleaner clothes. For our kids who are barely white grade whiter than my closest competitor. Accurate reading. That's what every woman one writer wanted. It is truly marvelous to be able to get so much you so easily quickly and safely. But the race to make a better laundry detergent really took off after World War II when manufacturers rolled out a constant parade of new improved products to vanish stains and dirt on them. What does more. The cleaning advances continue today and it should come as no surprise that now high technology is being harnessed to make even better detergents. The University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute is working on wider whites at its

Rockville facility the Center for Advanced Research and biotechnology known as carb. At carb the same genetic engineering process that spawned the latest generation of wonder drugs is being applied to this more everyday problem of dirt. Their scientists are focusing their efforts on a promising enzyme called subtle Lyson in nature satellites and is created by bacillus bacteria that live in the soil. They use the enzyme to break down and digest proteins in the 60s. Detergent makers began to recruit subtle Lyson to attack protein stains like milk blood and grass on clothing for my aunt. We understand that. However water softeners in detergents reduce subtle licens effectiveness only by adding costly stabilizing chemicals to their products. Could manufacturers preserve some licens stain fighting power.

In recent years however advances in protein engineering have offered the possibility of creating an improved form of subtle Lyson. With backing from detergent maker Procter and Gamble. Carbs grimed fighting team has set out to modify the enzyme so it will work in the wash without the aid of expensive additives. The scientists first challenge was to figure out why the enzyme lost its ability to fight dirt in the presence of water softeners all enzymes have a unique three dimensional structure which in turn determines their function. Said Lyson resembles a tiny clamp which grasps other proteins and crunches them into. Car. Researchers discovered that subtle Eyssen owes its particular shape partly to a calcium atom that it picks up from the soil. The calcium site in satellites is depicted as this yellow's. The air here turns out to be very important in maintaining this three

dimensional shape. But in the laundry tub water softeners attack this very same calcium atom yanking it out of the enzyme and without its calcium linchpin. So the Lyson becomes wobbly and ineffective against dirt. So carp had to figure out how to remove the troublesome calcium area. And yet somehow restore the enzyme structural strength. So it would be effective against grime. First the scientists snipped out the portion of the subtleties and molecule that Holz calcium. Which left a gaping hole in the molecule. Next they proceeded to fill in the gap with a different sequence of the protein building blocks known as amino acids. To do that the scientists generated thousands of random mutations of subtle Lyson each with a slightly different combination of amino acids in the area where the calcium had once resided. Scientists call this process protein

engineering. But in this case it amounted to high tech. Trial and error. The engineering principles that whole proteins together or not as well understood as the engineering principles that hold up a bridge or a building so in the sense protein engineering is not the technology that it's civil engineering. The scientists couldn't predict which some Lyson mutation would do a better job in the laundry. So they tested the mutations in the equivalent of a laundry tub full of hot water insides to see which ones had survived with their cleaning powers intact. Then they examined the DNA sequences of the hardiest forms to find out what combinations had worked. Life. For life to really stabilize. The team was closing in on a solution. After two years of painstaking work

they found the answer. A super stain busting enzyme that actually had the potential to live up to all those commercial promises from the past. More and more I'm I'm trying really. But is all of this high level science being marshaled just to get spaghetti stains out of a shirt. This effort has already yielded valuable insights into how proteins function but there's no denying that with global license sales topping 300 million annually an improved enzyme could mean substantial financial gains not only for Procter and Gamble but for car which will share in the royalties. If Coggs discovery does make it to the market. We may soon find a souped up satellites and sloshing away in our own washing machines where it could make life a lot brighter not only for enzyme manufacturers but for our

socks shirts and sheets. Trying to learn a foreign language from a textbook is sort of like learning to fly an airplane without ever taking to the sky. So language professors at the University of Maryland Baltimore County are bringing people to actually speak the language. In this case French and Spanish in the classroom by foreign broadcast they've picked off of satellites. Students find the newscast instructional not only about the language but the culture so much so that they are eagerly tuning in to language. This is a Spanish TV news program but it's not being broadcast in Spain. It's being shown in schools all across America. And it starts right here in Maryland at NBC. What we do is we take a a product which at this point has little

use which is already broadcast programming that covers Spain and the Hispanic world. And we created a secondary market the educational market in the United States. The brainchild of foreign language professors at NBC two programs Spanish TV magazine and French TV magazine are making foreign language come alive in the classroom. We have a youth orientation that is we have interviews with young people. We have a segment on sports that appeal to young people and to popular culture that appeals to young people. And this is really this is the television generation these young people are used to sitting in front of a TV monitor. It's easy to get their attention that way and then draw them into more serious issues. It all started back in 1985 when Claude verli a French native and MBC Professor realized that the textbook alone wasn't cutting it in the

classroom. Society is moving at a very fast pace these days and that the information that you find in the textbooks on the average I would say is about five years. Therefore the textbook I think more and more is inadequate in terms of information. There is a second aspect to and that is the textbook where you can pretty much capture the language and say but the cultural information of textbooks is really very very efficient. While on sabbatical in France. Claude met with executives at Franz do the French television network a partnership was born. When we started he was mainly saying a 60 minute video to a satellite that people could actually record and then use all the ways they sulfates in their own classroom. In 1990 Spanish TV magazine was born. Today both programs offer

foreign language teachers from the high school level up a total teaching package complete with preplanned activities for teachers and workbooks for students. The instructional material for kind of the video teaching guide are all arranged with previewing viewing activities. I feel that as a teacher having the activities already developed really cuts down the amount of time that I have to that I have to devote to preparing this. Sometimes it's hard to understand their accents because they slur everything together. And when you see the word folks in the worksheet you're able to understand a little better what they're trying to say in the venue. So everything comes together works really well. Although the actual programs are produced in France and Spain. Do verli and Alan Bell work by phone with the foreign TV networks to choose the material and coordinate how it's used in the program.

We are monitoring French news every day. Usually the information that you are having friends TV is a three or four weeks old no more than that. Eloquently you can even use them to teach your students. And that's maybe that's very exciting because is this current events features. And really it's happening now once in house. The tapes are sent out to different groups who write the material that will accompany the video. The Spanish embassy in Washington D.C. is one group that collaborates with us embassy on writing the teacher guides and workbooks and has two main objectives for us on one hand. Help us change they image many Americans have is paying us a laid back country underdeveloped and so on and on the other hand to help us support the teaching our learning Spanish language culture which is what we're here for.

The cultural aspect of Spanish and French TV magazine is really what sets it apart from the textbook learning about a foreign culture makes the language real and exciting for the students. What we do is language teachers as we we often say this is what is said. We teach about the language we teach the language. Spanish TV magazine allows me to integrate the language into my classroom so it makes again and makes it come alive that makes it become a great deal more relevant to the students. We don't get to see a lot of drop from the classroom. We only get to say the right words just boxes that with the magazine on TV. We get to see actually people and they're. In their element. And how they react to things that they do they're things that we'll never get to see or speak that a lot of the textbooks will get maybe a page or a little section describing cultural events this way of seeing how other people really spend their time. Putting the language into action and seeing pronunciations rather than

just the structures and the grammar that we would say in the book. Everything is here. French TV magazine has recently jumped onto the information superhighway by making all of the written materials available on the Worldwide Web. OK you've accessed one site and you can print the entire site or you can print just one. Now teachers can access and download just the materials they will need for any particular segment of France TV magazine. So this was you can deal with it. It's difficult to determine exactly how many classrooms are actually using the TV magazines. Some schools received the program via satellite some over the public broadcasting system and others on videocassette through the mail. But there are at least a thousand end users for each program and teachers find that the video magazine and workbooks take students to a much higher level in language learning. They take Spanish out of the classroom now. They actually talk about the things we do. And so what Spanish

TV magazine does for us is it brings it brings home to us something that they couldn't experience is the closest experience we have within the four walls of the classroom to bring for to expand is come alive. Once more we've explored the variety and versatility of a great university system. We hope you've shared in the knowledge and excite created by this energized environment. We'll be back this spring with more adventures at the frontiers of knowledge with the University of Maryland system as our guide for Maryland state of mind. I'm Scott Simon. Good night. If you have questions or comments on the stories featured in Maryland state of mind please

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