Freehand Drawing; 2; Learning To See

B. Learning to see. Learning to see is the Argosy used to see or imagine all objects to resemble one or more of the five basic shapes. The pyramid blocks the cylinder. The sphere and the comb. This is called the structural approach to drawing. It's a system for viewing objects and it's also a system for drawing them.

The five basic shapes are the vocabulary of our drawing language. Now later in the program I'm going to invite you to draw along with me. So if you accept my invitation then you will need to have pencil and paper ready. Soft pencil several sheets of paper and a book for support. If you wish to sit on a divan or on a chair you may hold him in your lap. You only use one sheet of paper to take a magazine in there for a question. But if you use four or five sheets of paper the other sheets will serve as a cushion and a soft pencil and expensive paper typing paper serves fine. But for now I want to take you on a visual trip through the drawing vocabulary the geometric forms. And let's start with the block. This is really a rectangular solid. The opposite sides are parallel. It can appear in the shape such as it is here.

Or. It can also appear in a long narrow shade. Like that. Or. It can. Appear. As a cube. Almost Square. Another way we can see it appear would be. In this kind of proportion. And let's try one more. About here. Now the block with a rectangular solid. As all basic forms can appear in various proportions except the sphere.

And various sizes and various viewing angles. And then they are disguised in objects. For example this proportion here. Is about the proportion. Well we could say of a book. If this is the back of the book here like this. And a number. Here. And we're going to have. Pages here. Corners. Title here. But that's a book about the proportion of the book. In this proportion it could be. A board suggests ingrained here too before it took a 6. And. The q b here. Is about the proportion of A. Cube of sugar. Or. Half of the dice. I guess you'd call it a die.

And I'm not sure about the nuts here but you gamblers. Can correct me on that. And then up here. This proportion could be. Well. It suggests. A brick. Less. About the proportion of a brick. Now many times these objects are combined with other objects. If we combine a cylinder. With this. Then we have the proportions. Of say a mailbox. Or. A. Loaf of bread. So not only will the block appear in various proportions it will be in different sizes various viewing angles and it will be combined many times with other

forms. Now let's go to the next one will go to the pyramid the pyramid is really related to the block. The base is square but the sides converge to a point. We can. Many times see the pyramid. Very tall. Say in this kind of a proportion. We can see a. Rather flat. And many times incomplete. As the top is. Is cut here. And sometimes we see it in various viewing angles.

As we would here. And also in complete cut off if the sides extended down it would come to a point if the sides. Continued they would have come to a point. And of course it is in various. Viewing angles. This one would suggest. To me. Possibly. Well Derek. I'll just put a few lines here too. But you can imagine our windmill. This one. If we're thinking in large size. And if you've ever visited Central or. South America or Mexico. You see huge pyramids in complete. At the top.

Not like the Egyptian pyramids. Stairs steps. And a temple or a structure on the top combined with a sphere and jungle are trees here. Now up here there's incomplete. Pyramid. I. Would suggest. A cake pan or a baking pan. And here we can we could cut this one section at. And combine it with other forms. Sphere. Come along. And. Another long gong. And we could have a desk set. All right let's go to the next. The

cylinder. Cylinder has a circular basin a circular top and in the sides are straight. Many times you will see it. Appearing. Very flat. In that proportion. And there are times when you may see it. Incomplete. As you would in a. Cake. Where a piece has been removed taken out. And also if we put candles here. Happy birthday. They are cylinders. Very small but they are cylinders. And we may have another cylinder. Down here as the.

As the base. Well let's take another proportion for the cylinder. A. Little deeper than the first one we made. And still another one we have room. For one more. Now looking. At the ways we could disguise objects in them for example this proportion is about the proportion. About. Steel by a steel drum. And I can add some detail. And refinement. To help silhouette it. And if I wish I could add. A. Shadow.

And you have a steel drum. Up here. This could be a coin a dime or a quarter. Their cylinders. Are different sizes and maybe vary in proportion. But basically they are cylinders. And then of course you had the cake in over here. Many utensils or pans in the kitchen. Are. Either cylinders or incomplete cones this and could be a cylinder. Rounded bottom. And this is about the proportion of the water glass and of course you see the cylinder combined. With other forms. And changing from the water glass let's put a sphere here. Is this common to see it combined with a sphere. In a wastepaper. Receptacle you see in a public place or.

In a park. For trash. The cylinder combined with the incomplete. Sphere. The cone. Of the cone has. A base similar base to the same base as a cylinder it's round but the sides converge as a pyramid did. Many times you see it. Incomplete. As you would hear. It. Or in another viewing angle. The same as the first one. Incomplete. Top cut off. Bottom cut off. Over here. We could show. A very flat cylinder.

Now you can recognize these. Are. In your home. This could be. An in the kitchen. This. Could be combined. With a sphere. Incomplete. Another small sphere on top. Of. A spout. And. A handle. And many. Coffee pots. Are in about this shape. In from the late cone and the sphere. And let's see. If I. Ran a light cord up here. And showed the board which would be a sphere or cylinder up here then this lamp shade would be.

An incomplete come. One more. OK see if I have space here. I could add. We make a hat out of a goodly. And I add another. Form a sphere here. So they are used. In objects. They're used in drawing people. This face is really a sphere. All right let's see the last one is the sphere or the ball. This is the only form. The judge doesn't change proportion it's always. Round. As a silhouette. It may be large as a moon or it may be small as a bead or a marble. But it's always round. Now it may be incomplete. You may see it incomplete. That means section with the top cut.

Like this. Or in another viewing angle. You could see it. But here. Or you may see it combined. As in a snowman. And then of course disguised in objects. We could add a. Sphere. Section. And you would have. A grapefruit or an orange. Saucer. Dish. Or. Section this way. It could be on.

Top of a parachute. Or. An umbrella. As you see here. Then and here we could add another sphere. Well here we had one here and one here. We can add. Some. Home. Or cylinder and then at home. And you would have an. Ice cream cone. And I'll draw a. Cartoon hand here and. Then we could have a balloon. Show like.

A shadow. That's been a trip. Additional trip through the basic forms these five forms. Will be found. In objects in the room around you and it's good practice to look around look at the objects and you'll find these forms disguised him. That's one of the first steps of drawing is to learn to see. And to see these objects designed in them. Now later we'll learn to sketch these objects referred to your manual. You can't remember it all and it will help you. Now I promise to draw along. Let's look at a picture. If you have a pencil and paper ready we're going to draw a picture something like this. Get comfortable. And take your time. You notice the barn. The basic form of the barn is a rectangular solid. The

silo. Is a cylinder. The roof or the silo is a cone. They have a straw stack over the left of the barn is a part of the sphere and then in the background there is a suggestion of a pyramid and a windmill. So they're all there. Now when you. Begin to draw somewhere near. The center of your page somewhere near the center of your page very lightly establish an island aligned this is a horizon line. And in this picture. This is the island. It should go across to. Your page. Very likely. And if you keep adding strokes you can get it going in the direction you wish. It is stablished ilevel now we want to see the main shape was right. It

was a rectangular solid so I put the corner of the barn. Up perpendicular up from the horizon line. Now. And then I'll establish. The limits. The other corner of the barn here. And. Over here. The other edge. Where the lightly. I connect those in perspective. You notice I drew this one tower. That's our focal point so we're looking right on the lines will recede in the next lesson were we talking about. Perspective. So. Just bear along with me in this one. All right I'm going to build. A roof. I find about the center and I come up straight. And top of the roof will. Come back here.

And now I'm ready to join. The corners. I'm taking my time here so you. Can follow along. Don't worry about the extra lines don't erase. Leaving there. Will tend to disappear as we wait our picture further down in the picture. Now I want to put. My. Silo. Which is a large cylinder. I've got two power lines. And since this. Is the higher level we're looking up. The tops going to curve like this. And then we see. A part of.

It. And here. We had a straw stack which was an incomplete sphere. And I get it suggested here no details yet. But. I think I'll suggest the wind and I look at this line and I try to draw in perspective to that line. And I come straight down. And I'll suggest another wind here. No. One back here. And I may. Put some lines that would indicate trees or background. And. Or. Elaine to give the illusion of depth and some interest to the picture.

Now if I'm pleased with what I have. I go and improve my best line. And I may show. You. The edge of the roof here. And no one here. And. I. Had. Darkness then I may add shadow on this side. If the lights coming from here I shut of the side. I start. Putting some texture. Suggests the straw stack some. Roughness to the. Shingle roof or what if every kind of roof you want to have. And.

I would. Put some shed here. And you're pretty well. On the way. Now it's up to you to add other things if you wish to add a house here if you wish to add people. Marilyn there's. Got the basic shape started. In add trees. Take your pencil sideways and you get some texture. Yeah. And if you want to show texture inside of that mine would add some lines for. The birds. I'm in here now and then. If. You.

You may show some. Branches. Limbs from a tree. Back here. We may have. Sun Moon. House. He. Shows some grass you could put a mailbox here if you wished. Remembering forms. And uni not drugs like me when I draw. This is for demonstration purposes so we wanted to take the basic forms and combine them into a picture. Most of the objects will be dry and will not be scenes like this of the objects but. This gives you.

Some practice on your forms. He. Asked. And I could show another winter scene looking through here or I can show. Some. Texture boards on the front. And you can end up with a. Pretty good sketch. He did a pretty good job. Now. Drawing is a useful language it can be used so it will require some effort on your part. If you're not satisfied and you probably won't be with your first drawing why remember that anything worth doing is worth doing poorly for a little while. And pretty soon you'll be doing things with a pencil that you didn't realize possible.

So practice looking around your room looking outside. Seen the basic forms in these objects. Now next week. Our program is going to be about the illusion of depth. Sometimes called perspective. And they also have a drawl. So I have pencil and paper ready and I'll have my pencil and paper ready and I'll be back with you at that time. Yeah.