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On Thursday June 20 5th the tribal council will sign a declaration of sovereignty for the confederated tribes of Warm Springs. The finalization of this document has been a major project that the tribal council has worked on with the tribal attorneys and consultants Richard shootdown executive director of the American Indian Resources Institute and Charles Wilkinson who is a law professor at the University of Colorado in a general council meeting held in December of last year. It was explained that in 1993 Congress plans to begin defining what sovereignty is as it applies to Native Americans. The confederated tribes of Warm Springs are themselves defining what sovereignty is as it applies to the Warm Springs reservation. To give us a background on the issue of sovereignty Wasco Chief Nelson will over time spoke with us prior to the general council meeting that was held last December on the issue of sovereignty in order to better understand the sovereignty that we talk over the confederated tribes of war.
You must know that they were creating people that signed the treaty. But in the beginning in the ancient times before the coming up the white man. And then. Contact me for 1855 treaty was made. People you know people were in two groups grow roots and shut down its roads where the lower notes who had a head. And the shuffle led them toward the upper notes who had a head. But they were all one people in under one government. And then the head shave the shuttle the Dems the up picture notes were in the areas of the way up the valley along the Willamette which is now they were elaborate river up to the one high yokes River which now it's the chutes river.
They always had sovereign powers to rule over their territories. That lowered Chinooks ruling over theirs and the upper tier Noakes ruling over theirs and. Had it having sovereignty and agreements as one government and so that they had. Ruled over their people within their territories. And they as powers as we understand sovereignty is the powers to govern. And so we go over and over our people and any other peoples that may have been within that territory and that power was vested in the head. Who then had the powers to appoint in
chiefs within the villagers. You will if you understand the treaty of 1855. This was arrived at by the different chiefs of the villages signing that treaty. And in that treaty then with the other entity of switchers The known as the Walla Walla is better known now as the Warm Springs tribe that in that agreement they. I agreed to. Form their government with a head shaved so that the two entities agree in under their salving powers and their agreement then came to having one head chief over the Warm Springs Indian Reservation middle Oregon and then of course after the treaty and through the
treaty were agreements. True except in any acts of Congress or whatever the president would prescribe for those tribes. And so down through the years we ended up with other acts of Congress that enhanced the Treaty of the 1855 and one of those is to Wheeler Howard Act better known as the Indian Reorganization Act. It states that we could adopt a self government with a constitution and bylaws and a corporate charter and any other laws or Supreme Court rulings that were handed down to strengthen and this government and under that act organization act we have then under the government adopted into our government the
Paiute tribe which were placed here temporarily but were never moved and so under that. Agreements that were made then with the government under that. We are today the confederated tribes as to war brings in reservation. But we still have those sovereign powers under that. Pre contact with indents with the white man and rather excuse me so that today in explaining this. We still contend that the power of the chieftain was great enough that in the 1855 treaty that chieftain had the power to cede. Over 10 million acres of land to the United States. So this shows that there was a power there and
further to substantiate those sovereign powers before the Constitution of the United States. The Continental Congress had to ape approve the Northwest Ordinance which recognized the sovereignty of Indian tribes and so when the treaty was made this inherent power was recognized and that was how they governed one. Move to treat with the end and to extinguish title to their lands. And that in the many years from that time the Congress of the United States and the Supreme Court. And other governments have recognized the sovereignty so that we were always dealt with on a government to
government basis. Up to this time. Nelson maybe you can talk about why the issue of sovereignty is important here. But you also mentioned the importance of sovereignty and the issue being clarified for other tribes nationally and how what impact that determination by each tribe will have. Maybe you can talk about that a little bit more as to the national impact of the issue of sovereignty. I believe that I would have to go back and say that. What the two former presidents or last three presidents have said was that they had recognized the government to government relationship. But in order to strengthen that I think it would be most important that on a national basis that all the tribes that are
recognized sovereign should have that clarified and have a declaration of sovereignty and somehow unify and so that this is safeguarded. For all times rather than each time that we have exchanged ministration our new president or another. Party but I think that Indian tribes should definitely work towards having a declaration of sovereignty nationally Wasco Chief Nelson will lead to also giving us a view of what sovereignty is Delbert Frank Delbert is a past tribal councilman who actively worked with the council and attorneys on the draft of the Declaration of sovereignty. I'm going to try my best to see what sovereignty means to my
people. And it goes back to the time that began in my people in power of my Moylan's who create at that time our people were blessed with the sacred teaching to our people that we recognized as sovereign it were a spiritual teacher and that was given to us through the haunted we're here saying today which which each of our coaches our law from that word window saw and it interprets our father and wife. From hate that came all the laws for our people in just had a quick recall the sovereign power and sovereign people in the time that began in and we have unity is lost from the time it began and that we don't know how long that is by deed with who lived it and we still do it today.
We hear those laws as we sing our songs on Sundays or any religious activities gatherings and we hear do songs our sang endure are the words of our law that we live by and if we understand those words you could hear the laws spoken to who are religious songs and today we speak of sovereign people and to our people the meaning of sovereignty is very interesting and very exciting today because we are trying to find my meaning of sovereignty for our people. Because if this is done it is a something that is never been in any part of our codes of law that it would leave by Hear day to day. And what we are trying to do it will be something that no other reservation in a country have a law in Dak code.
So what are we going to do and prepare my people and your people he's going to be find means to ASH and it going to be adopted by the council not pollute but it's a different gear and that it will become law for people and country from that law into began and we have made the treaty from understanding that what my sovereign powers was before any meaning none in good person set foot on this continent. We've already had a sovereign along and if with that sovereign law we have negotiated a treaty and in these days car we call our traditional sovereign territory and and its reservation. And when we meet that cruelty and we made the queer hardbacks acceptance we demanded by this rule government the government to allay her and we told the 908 that we are our government just like your
rig was rigged to one another we were breaking that the government to government relations. A separate government and we have equal voice as you in making all of the agreements and the creatives that you come with that. This time Mr Delbert Frank a past tribal council member. The declaration of sovereignty reads as follows. Our people have exercised inherent sovereignty as nations on the Columbia plateau for thousands upon thousands of years since time immemorial our sovereignty is permeated by the spiritual and the sacred which are and always have been inseparable parts of our lives. For the creator leads us in all aspects of our existence. The Wasco tribe at you know Captain linguistic group of people occupying the lower Columbia River are hereditary or principal chieftain acting either personally or by delegation to
village chiefs of the bloodline of the tiger jumped exercised full authority over all aspects of life political spiritual family subsistence and military. The sovereign position of the check carried with it not only the power to regulate and punish but also the duty to take actions to assure that the people would have food shelter cultural and social wellbeing and protection from outside forces. The Warm Springs tribe and it just skin or so happed in speaking people lived further up the Columbia and on the day shoots and John de rivers and their tributaries including Aboriginal times. They possess the sovereign prerogative of the shyest. What you meant the native Warm Springs people were rooted in the soil of their ancestral domain and were free of any outside forces. Free to follow their own culture and religion. For millennia Warm Springs people followed any elaborate structure of sovereign
tribal responsibilities embodied in this a happed in phrase teach them a son would nominate to man what. Which means at the time of creation the Creator placed us in this land and he gave us the voice of this land. And that is our law in 1055 the Warm Springs and Wasco tribes entered into a treaty with the United States of America. We were not of anguished people and this was not a truce agreement. Rather all parties entered into the treaty making with full recognition of the sovereign authority of the other parties in the treaty. The two tribes ceded certain aspects of their aboriginal title to more than 10 million acres of land but retained a reservation of more than 600000 acres including full control over all lands and waters as well as extensive off reservation rights. Both tribes also reserve their national sovereignty. The United States assume trust duties that included a high obligation to protect the reservation and all
off reservation rights from outside forces. In 1999 and 1884 the United States moved groups of Northern Piutes to the southern part of the reservation before being located on the reservation. The Northern Piutes had traditionally roamed a vast territory which included parts of the chutes and joined a river valleys and high desert lands to the east and south. Law always and religious mores were established by custom and administered by a principal chief and headmen after being located on the reservation. The Paiutes received allotments of reservation land and became residents of the reservation. The two treaty tribes the Warm Springs and the Wasco eventually invited the Paiutes to join their government in one thousand thirty eight. The Warm Springs Wasco and Northern Paiute tribe's officially formed a confederacy established a common government and adopted a written constitution the constitution created a tribal council
for administrative purposes and reserved all other sovereign powers to the people. In the years since the confederated tribes have amended the 1938 Constitution and acted a great many tribal laws established judicial and enforcement authorities engaged in extensive and sophisticated. Economic development and entered into many agreements with the United States of America. Other Indian tribes the state of Oregon local governments private business organizations and other entities and individuals. These and other progressive actions have been taken to preserve protect and strengthen our national sovereignty that has existed along with our songs dances prayers and long houses on the Columbia plateau for countless generations. Today the people of the confederated tribes continue to assert an exercise sovereign authority over the tribal reservation over other territory within tribal jurisdiction over territory that may come under tribal jurisdiction in the future
and over the protection of our rights and our people and their welfare in all places. This complete sovereign power in compasses legislative authority such as the power to define individual conduct to regulate business enterprises to zone land to tax to regulate the use of natural resources to protect the environment to make provisions for education health and social welfare. To protect our right to worship according to our own religions and to follow our traditional ways and to make other laws appropriate to the exercise of the full range of lawmaking authority possessed by any nation. The confederated tribes as sovereign powers also include executive authority to implement tribal legislation and judicial authority to enforce valid legislative and executive orders. Our sovereign authority includes the right to choose not to adopt formal written laws procedures or policies governing particular subjects. Formal laws
can be intrusive and inflexible and we have learned that some issues are best addressed by informal traditional ways. Ultimate sovereignty is vested in the people who receive that sovereign authority in the form of laws given by the Creator and the land itself. Our people have delegated only limited authority to the tribal council and have reserved the rest of our national sovereignty to ourselves. The confederated tribes shall always exercise our sacred national sovereignty in order to achieve the highest of all goals to preserve our traditional cultural ways that have existed for so many centuries in harmony with our homeland and to provide for the well-being of our people for the many centuries that lie ahead. We shall as we always have live in balance with the land and never use more of our precious natural resources than can be sustained for ever. We shall as we always have give respect to all persons. Acknowledge the
special wisdom of our elders and religious leaders nurture the right hopes for the future that reside within our young people and accept full personal responsibility for all of our actions as our basic religious teaching is that we are fully accountable to the creator for our conduct. Today the ancient spirit of the creator still dwells in all the places of our homeland as it always has and always will. Our national sovereignty protects that spirit our land and waters our people and our vibrant culture religion and language. Now therefore let it be declared as follows. We the members of the confederated tribes of the Warm Springs reservation of Oregon comprised of the Wasco Warm Springs and Northern Paiute tribe's hereby declare our national sovereignty. We declare the existence of this inherent sovereign authority the absolute right to govern to determine our destiny and to control all persons land water resources and activities free of all
outside interference throughout our homeland and over all our rights property and people wherever located. The geographic reach of our sovereignty includes the whole area within the borders of our tribal reservation reserved by the Warm Springs and Wasco tribes in their 1855 treaty with the United States. This inspiring reservation located on the east flank of the Cascade Range is a spiritual place of juniper sage and thick mountain forests of the strong and deep the shoots of the Matildas River 60 Quecreek shuteye creek. The Warm Springs river Oak Creek Whitewater river and all the tributaries of our sacred foods. Salmon deer roots. Berries. Elk and other plants fish and game in water which is the giver of life and of lava flows. Hot springs and uplifting tabletop Mesa and mountains all watched over by our sacred Jefferson. Our homeland also encompasses and our sovereignty extends to tribal
off reservation rights in our historic ancestral domain. A vast region that includes the Columbia plateau and far beyond these off reservation rights include rights attaching to our usual and accustomed fishing grounds and stations to include fishing sites to burial sites and other sacred sites the lands on which tribal members can hunt gather roots and berries and pasture stock to acquired lands and to other areas over which our tribes now possess or may later establish rights of any kind. Our people as the custodians of our sovereignty review all of those things and declare that they shall be protected absolutely and forever. The certificate of adoption reads. We recognize that this declaration may not perfectly state the full and complete extent of our sovereignty our sovereignty is based not on the laws of human beings but on natural laws given to us by our creator. These natural laws are as
they are not as human beings may define them. In addition these natural laws are best expressed in our traditional languages and not in the language brought here by newcomers. In spite of these limitations and without waving any additional attributes of sovereignty that may be expressed we described in this document we make this declaration in order to inform all who deal with us and the future generations of tribal members of the essential nature of our national sovereignty. Thus with lasting pride in our heritage and with confidence in our future we set our hands to this declaration. This certificate of adoption will be signed by the tribal council representing the confederated tribes of Warm Springs at the time the document was drafted. The declaration of sovereignty statement will be signed Thursday June 25th one thousand nine hundred two at the agency longhouse beginning at 10:00 a.m.. Coming up on the
second half of the Warm Springs program we will hear testimony given at the General Counsel meeting that was held in Warm Springs in December. You're listening to ninety one point nine FM Public Radio 4 the confederated tribes of Warm Springs. Welcome back to the Warm Springs program. Our program today is dedicated to the issue of sovereignty and the declaration of sovereignty that will be signed this Thursday June 20 5th by the tribal council. Up next you'll hear testimony given during the General Council meeting held in December of last year. First we'll hear from Grant who headed up a past tribal council member and also tribal member elder. They say the man.
We are intimate in on the subject. So I wanted. How did Severn to come to this tribe. Where did it come from. What is so hard to. In the beginning. And in 1927 the kind of people Institute the idea of incorporation of tribes whose idea didn't begin to have discussions in the Department of Interior that turned John Collyer was its secretary serious heavy ended Department. Khalid had traveled
around the country. He spoke 10 different places 10 a day and in people about the benefits if they would accept OK and build better known as Ira. I'm one of those and I'm going to speak or he attended these meetings there so very few of us had brought sovereignty to this tribe whether we voted yes or whether we voted no. It doesn't matter but the vote at that time in favor. Out of the seven hundred seven to some tribal members that was a total
population of the time. There was an election which was then held their vote was a hundred eighty one in favor 71 not in favor of the Neteller made as well you know there are many many many millions. I attended those meetings I attended some of the meetings there one year after they were organizing Jack there I was adopted by the tribe. The Jaqua stadium would tell us how the tribes were all telling us we did wrong by accepting the acceptance of the prayer.
They did to us to our benefit that we did. Except there were no. So it is rather us through what we are talking about deceiving and so hard to. So Urdu is a powerful word and I advise you young people to study up on our tribal government. I see it's going to be up to you to carry on. I made a statement. About the young folks I took at liberty to make a statement. As a former chairman of an unfettered frys
Council I see and Freo with regret that all present and future leaders are abysmally ignorant about our wars famines reservation problems they aren't really prepare for the present and future responsibilities. That's why I say to you young folks you need to study up on our tribal government to carry on. Is money as occurred in the 70s. Ask Ford. Get educated. No less. Aside from this. In a declaration there is a sentence in there
it says the self preservation rights include rights attach you to use your land a custom fishing grounds and stations and a new fishing rights sites burial sites and other sacred sites. OK and last summer I made this statement when we held a meeting with the forestry division motherhood notional forest. Bundle that mud hood and I made the statement that in accordance with the treaty made that we had the right and access to these huntin and fishin sites in varied fields. And I said there are sites where plans are being developed to add to the recreation site by to scrutinize my Hood Meadows.
It's not hit by greed for the money to fatten their wallets and their bank accounts and we are strictly opposed to that development because that's a site where our young people go their vision quests. It was my statement. Now I don't National Forest has followed up and because of my statement I I don't suppose I did have temporarily stopped at development so I would like to try the lawyers in Arkansas to look into that to see what's happening and I was to thank you at this time for allowing us old folks to come and tell talking about the 70s.
I guess Alvin and I sighed I am past 80 myself. I'm not ashamed to that I'm proud that I live that long. Thank you very much. That was Grant when Henniker passed tribal council women and the tribal elders providing his testimony given at the General Council meeting last December on the issue of sovereignty. Up next we'll hear from Warm Springs tribal member Ellen Thompson giving her testimony during a general council meeting that was held in December of last year concerning the issue of sovereignty. And I'm agreeing me tonight. That's our team the Harsha are pro Cynwyd. And of course our commercial weakened to tame my
machine Oh and I've seen the hushed team I know. That if I can hunt I mean me yeah but me were shut off. And that to know you watch I could could. I'm a pro now but in the Croatian A but not quite in China mean need. But watch. Charm on a dish I can from above but we have Bubba Charlie should the high. Council could put him in now you close
when each of the notion of winning hung on the number on one and we need to know. What we know we should know by knocking up three up MOMA and actually challenge to a mushy flourish. What Charmin no with but me 100 the ebook pusher she up a moment about. Well I'm just like but one piece shakes. Yeah we know we're numb tio mute the cittie much. I could charm one yell milk
but Musha it to knock you could laugh. You should put me. On a I watch upon me time me. And chain we chart time. Pocket and the cushy fuken about a. Toff China Chow shook on me. She knew me on the phone. I'm not pushy no uptight because she you you cook me on Lisa. I was shocked Tanya I locked it in Mimi in addition to not.
Teach me to. And I watched her teacher talk to non issue cut that she. Could Charlie watch a team Money team and of course she bely shy Adeline mollissima Tanya and me. Who got huge shock quickly but take shape but tricks like quantum know it and Chamish show Push. MA Why put. Who by Wish mishmash but.
Known for an hour who could mean he often Mucha. By fish schooling equal education and a cush not kind of the child. We sure could chose to not trust him with a stone. When the Queen are not. Locked in night Tanya I may make me weak. Chart ties she mean. Oh I could and I should try to achieve. Wish. I had Tao.
Sure but. You know Nelson. OUT NOW ARE YOU A Shana. Well what a surety. Now meet a man we know. I've made some assertion a Chinaman question i.e. Krishna conduct I should know why. Anonymous. Why not. Hi it seem who have to hike up a. Child to a new one to none with sin with me and he found me not you tiny I'd have been mean Tosin with our luck. Can a truce and we shall meet Amy can you see me make me Archie cushy watcha
new shiny Shiner Chichen are not me. Teach them to screen me and insult me laugh tonight in the actually proud too proud to ask. Me. Or not to me what your team Irish when she who claim money cannot buy. A property are you sure. Now I may not know it. I try to show us and we share right Skinny sheet ashore right. Yahoo. Wow. Mention me I shake.
Teacher I'm. Going to turn can I talk show. Who won the pint. Alchemy she can about we Misha. Oh but no I'm sure right ski but Chuck on the show extreme mush. Why me. Christian in me life should councilman who said to my 9 chef Amin could could I took a walk could could charge him on anyone not talking of course in Washington D.C. Can mine. Because life sucks. Now she up with. Mean cotton and.
Question octu to mean a tall could could. Her secret should teach no sham show show by show Chaney in time will not eat shellfish. They are like Siobhan Scotia when she I'm about to to show me a scholarship which. She team. Quick last national question machine you wonder we only show Tony what he might mean when I walk not pay money to an opera mission what does she not teach Jhumpa. Baba and to be equal
to men we. Can and cannot talk to you mean people who cannot in a canoe we took by to eat. Chinaman out you know to. Rub out in white a term no question. But if you own me an infant I'm not quite sure but one that is sick what a not quite mission of my in me. Oh no no we don't. We not actually me out. And the mission our two were out to show Cheech not to champion auction and I'm in it.
Can I talk. To Chio milk see me soon we should. Come with me and she mum on the tollway show up on Mon have it skinny man and shoot me in Mommy Kane. We cut he should cut. Now me on it can me sin we could put mean to man we cherish Monique while we're talking in me which Nicki Jhumpa Except mean. Should cut charged on which I meant to show what you mean. I mean subsequent. And the much mouth she life should ask I'm sure quite a show in me. Misha's
torture. Economists from our to me would touch it. Send weight she t mind to mush. Why is it we not into another match the teacher. You're. In Luck no way to offer Sheena 8:48 Maman. If To me you a shop if you want to put it off why. Couldn't we go you know what. Welp I crush my slice Bramwell picture myself. My is from
our child a ship and main one each. Charles County. We gotta keep them cheek wish to share my six months. Why aku or does she not an inch or. Two if you notice who I show quite a child of 20. Committed. Oh yeah. Yet unknown ego show. And new week what picture. Buncha man the schmuck Meo to Monteith PTO. Oh. I whole great story in the knowledge of our people that are
put in government. Many of us have come from families. That have set a hardened path that can never be. Turned. It is a concrete path a firm foundation set for us. That are coming behind these people. That were appointed by one form or another to be our leaders and our elders. Many have spoken tonight
that as far as I know that when I came in spoke about things that took place in their families. When my father was in a position to be recognized as a leader of this tribe. It was foreign to us. To have not an Indians coming to our home. And bringing papers such as this. For the people up in the north end to study. And the decisions were not made immediately. They were men of very few words. Because the spoken word. Was a very powerful. Words were never to be used lightly to argue
or to put one another down. And so they listened as these men brought forth papers. To show what we could do as a people. And our grandmother on our fathers side would take care of us and would kind of interpret to us what was going on but she would always use language that referred to history at the present time and the time that was to come. We never dwelled in the present time. It was always what was and what is to be. And then they would leave respectfully just as they came in. And we would watch our Father and the other elders the Chiefs.
Sit over these papers with other with dictionaries with a Bible with their songs. And the women would sit on the sidelines and get a charge out of the little things. Joy security assurance that they were being well taken care of by men of great knowledge. And after a time they would gather again and call out and and the man would go out on horseback and then others would come with him and they would meet again and they would make decisions so the decisions were never made very hastily these words that are written on these papers tonight have been forming in order to so that the two types of government would understand each other. They never compromised. Their life.
Knowing that compromise is the fourth lowest form of an agreement. Rather they made commitments. Commitments that were going to assure. The joys. The innocence of the children as they played. And. Gave the old people. Peace in their hearts knowing that their government. I was going to do the best that they knew how to what they were pointed to. Just as these papers are saying tonight and we have seen these papers in our father's belongings he had boxes and boxes of papers that we went through and he died. Congressional records that were beyond our comprehension which we never knew what it entailed until we graduated high school and began digging into
those papers and we never once feared anything about this government from our family we had no fear because of what was placed in our hands. We knew that the people that were appointed and the people that were set on aside there are the unpaid consultants. People that don't have their names on tribal rolls our tribal employee roles. That contribute to the leadership on the side. We knew that they were doing it because they had a great commitment placed before them. And so I have no fear of what is to come for this tribe. Because of my elders. That are sitting here tonight and some that are
gone now. Because of the faith that was in my mother. And the faith that was in my father and my grandfather as they taught us. And that we sure did and we denied along the way. But the strength that people talk about that income passes the strive and keeps and. Unseeable line around us. That holds us together. That. Line can never be crossed here regardless. It is there permanently forever. It's been said already that this sovereign sovereignty was not established by man. We stand together as a people.
As a unity. We're not here for personal gain in this nation of ours. Every time we see someone strive for personal gain and personal recognition we see the great fall. It is a united people. When there is correction to be made there talking of unwritten laws when there is correction to be made these people over here and these people over here in here know deep inside their heart that there has been wrong done and they will immediately step up and correct. And none of us in our age of age 50 and I have not the right to tell these people. Mind your own business.
As as my children do to me and perhaps with a paper such as this. We can hang this document in our home where all can see that we are a people. We have. Established. A permanency. I thank you for your time I thank you leaders I think you elders. For being the one that takes us by the hand. As far away as we may drift from our way of life. You still come and take us by the hand and set us right back in the right track. Thank you all. That was Warm Springs tribal member Ellen Thompson providing her testimony
that took place during the General Council meeting held in December of last year. We hope you have enjoyed this special program dedicated to the declaration of sovereignty that will be signed by the Warm Springs tribal council on June 20 5th Thursday beginning at 10 o'clock. We would like to think Wendell Jim from the Warm Springs culture and heritage department for his help and recording so that we could bring you this special rebroadcast on the Warm Springs program. Once again declaration of sovereignty for the confederated tribes of Warm Springs will be signed Thursday June 25th beginning at 10:00 a.m. at the agency longhouse lunch and a mini Powell will follow the ceremony all tribal members are welcome and encouraged to attend this historic event.
Series
Warm Springs Program
Episode
Sovereignty Statement (Part 1 and Part 2)
Contributing Organization
KWSO (Warm Springs, Oregon)
AAPB ID
cpb-aacip/204-4302vbmg
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Description
Episode Description
This program focuses on the anticipation of the signing of the declaration of sovereignty by the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. The first part includes Nelson Wallulatum and Delbert Frank on sovereignty, and the second part includes Grant Waheneka and Ellen Thompson on sovereignty.
Series Description
Warm Springs Program is a news magazine featuring segments on local current events in the Warm Springs community.
Date
1992-06-23
Asset type
Episode
Genres
News
Magazine
Topics
News
Local Communities
Rights
No copyright statement in content.
Media type
Sound
Duration
00:57:44
Embed Code
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Credits
Guest: Wallulatum, Nelson
Guest: Frank, Delbert
Guest: Waheneka, Grant
Guest: Thompson, Ellen
AAPB Contributor Holdings
KWSO-FM (Warm Springs Community Radio)
Identifier: RR0039 (KWSO Archive Archive Inventory)
Format: 1/4 inch audio tape
Generation: Original
Duration: 00:57:09
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Citations
Chicago: “Warm Springs Program; Sovereignty Statement (Part 1 and Part 2),” 1992-06-23, KWSO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed March 28, 2024, http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-204-4302vbmg.
MLA: “Warm Springs Program; Sovereignty Statement (Part 1 and Part 2).” 1992-06-23. KWSO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Web. March 28, 2024. <http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-204-4302vbmg>.
APA: Warm Springs Program; Sovereignty Statement (Part 1 and Part 2). Boston, MA: KWSO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-204-4302vbmg