Helmsley Lecture Series; William Hartsfield, Jr.

I have had the privilege of living through a lot of change in this trial. They are all south. After the Civil War and you're good to understand. The race problem. To understand some of the Southern people you have got to sort of set the stage and scenery a background if you please I'm a great believer. You know knowing not simply the history of a country or of a man but also what was going on around him at that time that you had to contend with or that influenced him. This prostrate child was left penniless. Devastated. And that has had its effect on the people to this good day.

What was happening in this country about that time after the American Civil War the West opened up. That was great excitement in this country about the possibility of the West and the attention of the country was directed on it. Texas was going to be opened up a great deal to Texas descendants came from Jordan. Tennessee not the guy that has been in the print here for the last few days but a lot of fine people out there I came originally from Georgia. Tennessee. Governor was discovered in the West. And the attention of the nation was focused on the West and the South was largely neglected. S. fresh blood entrepreneur. Will who build. And engage in trade and commerce. Founded wired to stay out of the South.

It was considered as a place of no particular lost opportunity as early as 1933 or not is just yesterday. In the course of history Franklin D you're also well proclaimed the south is a nation's economic problem number one. Their manis wrong remember that. You remember Frances Perkins I hope that Roosevelt's sector of labor who said that the South or the section with no shoes and so on just got a little offended but it showed up thinking it was a problem. And here is a section that we're talking about tonight. I come from a section with all its problems. This model of progress I see yet is still a low

income section of the nation. My section of Southie the low wage generally income of the nation is in the south. The lack of education coming out of that poverty that was a time when the Southern white man couldn't educate himself much less the negro. There was a different philosophy in this country. Lincoln had been assassinated. There was a great deal of bitterness toward the south. It was with the days of reconstruction. This section that I come from had no Marshall plan had come back the hard way. They wanted government help. Franklin D Roosevelt was the first man who started the grant system as you know and I'm happy to be around.

I was an applicant to Harry Hopkins along with a lot of other mayors in those days for CWA and Peter at Yale and they actually have buckled agencies when the great system started. But up to that time we lived mostly in a the south. But you might call a colonial economy poor. Very little of anything when we borrowed our money we came to Boston and New York. And Providence Rhode Island for our money. You know insurance we were not producing any capital down there. We didn't have money to land our sale when we bought our manufactured goods. Most of them came out of New England for yeah for Southern cotton farm sold his product on a world market

and he bought the way it was all to make it on a protected market. Actually I don't you know that Con was a devastating thing to the south that produced the slave system it produced on a roll of lions. And there are sections of Georgia now where the soil is poor due to the constant planting a hundred years ago. So that is part of the background. The stage upon which we set the modern problems of the segregation in the south education is the chief needs of our people. I said Don't audience a largely negro audience at one of our universities so I would years ago I said my audience share and there were a lot

of the negro educators ought to be the most enthusiastic advocates of education for these white people in the south because it is from those un educated people that you having the most trouble they are your cue club so they are your dynamite. They are largely your hate. They are you know advocates of vile. And there is no hope except to educate at least that show. Well that is why I said that my explanation for the some of the basic problems of the South. But those things began to change it began to change with first world war with the First World War people began to move around and cycle like more

soldiers saw or provincialism began to disappear in the south. One of the besetting sins of the South the provincialism people in many years never been in your life that began to change with the First World War and in that first world war you your great manufacturing sections of New England and the Middle West and the rise of Detroit and some of the areas where the automobile incidentally for years with automobiles were manufactured up there and we bought them and paid Michigan's taxes in Detroit taxes and everything else lower I don't at all know what one of them manufactured new south for many years. But you got your extra labor supply in the storage of there with great vessels that were coming in and out of New York Harbor. People were coming. And manning

those war plans. And that's another thing about the South Lodge Langrish actually its white population and why immediately after the Civil War went on with his government so the West opened up and the country was experiencing a great expansion and I want to mention hundreds of thousands of German people came. Out. With Johnson the Swedish game diminish or a man on my honor but none of them came south there was no opportunity. South was sort of bypassed as a sort of a stagnant Bane in the national life. But after the First World War people brought a young man the clients that started a little

industrialization in the south as you know that young man that I spoke of the marching from Atlanta to the sea their third job online. We have I have often referred to him as a land of slum clearance and. He left us you know ashes. And that was November the 14th 1864 next year next year November the 1964 will be exactly 100 years from the date upon which my town was left in ashes.

Not only in ashes but is money destroyed the social economic governmental system destroyed its people ordered out while the town was being bombed. And I like to think of that great shit today. What a difference. Now I'm going to tell you one reason why later has grown so all. Those people came back and started rebuilding that town and I never wasted any time questioning John Walsh I'm getting mad at anybody and waving the bloody shirt we had in my hand I'm handwriting a great job. He was the editor. Of the paper in the position that raft McGill hole was today. Raf McGill is a holder of Henry

graded position and at great art and civic leader preached the industrialization of the south to get off of that awful cotton economy that was destroyed. And he came to the New England Society meeting. So history says and you all. Want to invite him and all of the abolitionist of the New England Boston with I own history records the fact that General Sherman who had binders town was seated about four seats away from me at the banquet table and Henry Grady made an eloquent speech and move the whole north. He told the story of our south that was trying to come back and of Atlanta. Were trying to come back and how we were building. He hoped our new shop without any hatred of bitterness of our great need for industry

and he turned to General Sherman and said something that has been the theme the motto of life ever since time time and said General I want to say to you that out of the ashes in which you left us. We have builded a brave new shape. Somehow we have caught sunshine in the break in Mara and have builded that reunion not one ignoble thought. No trace of that was the highlight of his talk. It became the theme of it life and I have often given voice to it. I just might say too busy building to hate anybody.

Now people have accepted that challenge and that's one of the reasons why Atlanta is a little apart from the balance of the South. Well comes next well on this time immigration is shut off and what happens to the southern negro moves into the north. So the net looking to the Troy. The man your automobile plant she went where the man your ship building plant and at the same time thousands of your board games out for the training camp. The greatest infantry school on ice you know was Fort Benning hundreds of thousands of them passed through banks. In fact we used to tell a story about an old Sheldon phone who just before the end of the Second World War was plowing the field yet Fort Benning and a young Northern soldier

all for strolling around walked up to him and said. When you think the war is going to hand your soul so I don't farm on with this plow spatter load at the back of juice out of his mouth turn arounds as well so that I think it will take about a year you know asked him for it to show you how long you think we should all think it's going to take about three years. And this young soldier says Why do you say it won't take three years. We're going to take about a year to get beat those Germans and it's going to take another year to beat those Japs. And then it's going to take another year to run you've gone Yank is back home. Really. That was his conception. But that second

world war did something this nation. It moved us around. It took the negro out of the south it brought many of your boys south. We saw each other. We lost some provincialism and then industry began to look at the South. Same time I tell you a little some about that because not many people know that before I would mail I was engaged in the practice alone in a mining village and you know I'm on my knees now Alabama. Oh well I'll try. And I used to mine and the power grind out after a lot goes into rubble and pigment for various manufactured articles and I used to try to shut it up and date which was a touch.

And Affection point and I used to get run out was discriminatory. Right right. Oh yeah the South was prevented from industrialising by those freight rates which were formulated largely out of New England by what was known as the official classification representatives of all the major railroads and the rates were such that we couldn't manufacture in the south and get out competitively. It took years of legal fight. In the courts and before the ICC before we got that Southland where we could manufacture on equal times with the balance of the country. And when we got to change the industry began to come Ian. One of the first industries to come south in anything but cotton mills and the cotton mills did come south came out of the mainland and they were not

entirely black sheep because the cotton industry at least in that day and time was an industry interested in cheap cotton and cheap wages and they did this out. But little good. It was not until other forms of manufacturing came south that we began to prosper and that movement has accelerated where now we are dotted with plants in factories all over the Southland. And I'm proud to say that in and around Atlanta I do not know of a single large amount of factory but dilution of anything that has you got your own office plant a warehouse somewhere around it like the automobile industry has decentralized. Instead of all being up in

Detroit Georgia is now the fifth automobile producing a state of the Union. General Motors with its great plants down there Ford with its great plant Lockheed with this great Appling plant employing 18000 people all in the Atlanta area that is having its effect on the south raising wages providing money for education and that is the plus side of our race relations. We are improving. Coming up section. And that is bound to have its effect on good race relations. Now I know that you want to know some of the details of how we handle these problems. You must know that up to a few months ago I lived in a state where my vote was worth one hundred one 100 times over on

my vote. The famous George account I took one case the Supreme Court under my own name and financed the one that we won under another man's name and this spring the court decided in our favor and I think you know that that had the effect of revolutionizing Georgia politics. And it may revolutionize some more states before we get through with it. The reapportionment under the mandate of the Supreme Court but for the last 15 years that it later confronted the balance of the South we did so with a legislature rural dominated and hostile government. I don't know what it is to be cursed regularly by the governor of Georgia or with the radio on the television or whatever medium you had called a Communist communist inspired crazy. If there's

any name that the human mind can conceive of the bad that I have been called I'd like to know what it is. I wish I could plaster on the wall about one tenth of one percent of my own on a much mail some of it I couldn't afford to put up there. We people who have a spouse racial justice will forget subjected to an anonymous phone call to threats. I had my telephone at home. I had to hide it. I've had had to live in the world of false called all kinds of goods sent to me that I didn't or a car sent to my home. Five trucks.

It got to where the police and fire would check and called my house they had so many I mean before this I used to worry about having a real fire. I finally took my phone out and I made the mistake when I assumed emeritus friend of mine was elected and I'm glad to say that the same policies that our spouse carried on into that new administration are still the policy of the line. But I made the mistake of putting my name in the phone book thinking that let me alone now. They worked on me when they found that name in the book. And only a few months ago after a siege of telephone calls that I had to do it I got up and went out to my call. I'm not bragging but it's gone that way. And found it's great to talk to you from one end of the aisle and all the

beautiful upholstery inside. Shlash and ribbon. The bill was six hundred fifty seven dollars to put it back in shape and I would not touch it. I had a garage come to touch it bring it out because I didn't know what the gentleman might have finished the job by putting something in the electrical system. Blow me up. I don't want to take that shit here but that's the price that those who have advocated racial justice have had paid. It's getting laughs. But that is the sort of thing that we've had to go through. Years ago we had the white primary. When I was first elected

mayor it was a white primary as a public official. We have to take things that we find. If you want to be mayor the white primaries are out. And I took that route. But in 1946 after Supreme Court the Negro people began to vote and we encouraged it. And their edge to the large numbers we have now about 30 or 40 thousand registered negro voters. They act as members of the executive committee that conducts the election. They act as election managers in many of the polls and clucked and we have a very fine relationship which has had its influence on that line. Admittedly we're not perfect but we've made great progress in creating the image of good race relations and that is very important.

We have seen to it as far as we could the incidents happened that would bring shame shame and I'm going to tell you that some of it was very practical. Something to keep a good image of a town. Yeah it was a great show. That is a headquarters of the South. Let me say something. What is it like I have had many people say why are you different about that why why aren't you cutting up like oh my god. And he has jumped ahead of other parts of the Deep South because trying to begin with. You may be interested I'm going to do a chamber of commerce job on you while I'm here. Our town has an elevation of eleven hundred feet.

It's pretty good. It is a railroad Chicago so it is a retail and distribution center the New York of the South it is a government or a Washington shop three buildings with housing nothing but government employees U.S. Public Health Service work sick our people on communicable diseases laboratories which are world wide in their school. I mentioned to you the great plan for more of a plan. Bringing a better class of well-paid people it is a school in college town. There are six negro University in Atlanta.

How did this start right after the Civil War most of them were founded with capital. And all the places in the north and they did a great job. Those messages that they have found a great Negro College spelled. And that's why the great colleges both why didn't they grow higher educated faculty placed the presence of so many governmental agency hours upon hours. I think about 25 people their own desk jobs for the federal government. It is a little washing the presence of all those people plus the hundreds hundreds of branch managers of great companies with their plans for a way out. Yeah

an actual white color election you might shake a typewriter or computer time. I mean I hate to say this is an overall trend. This deal males and the heavy industry give them a ponder over old type people. I don't say this to make the passion they have trouble over there let it lie of void. I like 15 years. I'm not hope I'm not stepping on toes on both of them because a little different. I work for a 15 year limit about town and I guess what's going on in the average American city. Young

sort of skewed the child about all the active young fellow who is the cream of the crop. Move to the suburbs and leave the shuttle sit and watch day years. While there are many of them I learned a long time ago not to the Nautch people. I've seen some of the finest people I know when you live in what they call flown but generally speaking the people who inherit the secondhand House and the management of a town don't equal that guy who moved out. And so on progression and to keep units bars active so the ship got to extend it something else had happened all the wealthy people had moved out of here and I had a beautiful home and out of there with the leadership class there were owners of the banks the newspapers

of central real estate the people who influence time what the social workers call the power structure of the town. We worked for 15 years until we got to me and I got beat on referendum after referendum and every time I get beat the papers would say How about I share Well we'll have an election we can recover. And we kept on pressing it until they decided that I was never going to quit and it looked like they never could be you know. Yet if elected every time they tried that you know and so they formed a committee who both tried to shut yellow and made certain readjustments off functions in the city and in those populous areas of the county they were getting competing so they were taxing at later to run off our system out in the

suburbs and the police and parks and everything else that was on fire and so we adjusted it. We held a referendum this time of all the people including Atlanta clearing the area to be annexed. And it paved. That was a nine hundred fifty two. We took in 100000 financial reform including presidents of corporations and bank presidents and all the people who usually live out in the suburbs and great splendid and fine homes. About me and my friends we saw segregation of September the 1st 1961. Then in 1952 10 years I'm here. Now let me give you another city that didn't do that but I mean him Alabama. Bunning Hamm tried to extend this language. If you go there.

All the beautiful homes over the mountain down below beautiful mountain surround by me here and all the fine homes are out it is beautiful but I mean Ham's a drab place downtown. But when you go up in here and over the mountain beautiful homes leadership choirs should be are all of the folks that own the banks papers and the real estate and the big stores all out there outside the city limits you by me and associated under a different mayor than it had here in the last four five years tried to break me and they turned it down turned it down. Consequently finding him was dominated by class of people that supported the violence which you've seen there. When the mayor of Birmingham a couple of years ago

representing what was in his town ordered the parks close rather than to admit the negotiators ordered their libraries closed rather than admit and it was all out of his auditorium closed where the traveling cultural events were coming. And created a cultural desert out of buying him all the businessman Taney down to shave it said Mayo. You're ruining the image of banning ham to the outside world and those who would come here and do business and the male looked at him and say I'm glad to hear from you but you don't live in by me here. Now that was a price of a city that didn't watch. It's sort of what she said it is people and it's just exactly like growing things in a greenhouse right on a farm you can

get viruses. And why can plant the most wonderful plants in the world in the most beautiful flower only. But unless you've got our soil to play to be and it won't grow and the soil of good citizenship is that people. There is no substitute in a democracy for an intelligent or at least a majority Wiking majority of intelligent informed people. That's what we had in Atlanta. That's what they didn't have in Britain it was a great lesson to be drawn from that well. I've tried to tell you what makes it lighter a little different. Now for details we had a Supreme Court case involving our golf courses and we got a lot of publicity about it.

I knew what we were going to do all the time but we had a lot of uninformed people to work with you good people up here who haven't been living in a section with all of that last tragic history behind it of poverty and devastation. Probably you don't realize the people who fall oh yeah you have clung to the whole idea of Riteish. You can't get it out of a mole overnight. I don't think I could come up to Boston and destroy the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church all the traditions of the Christian Science overnight. If something required me to do it. To bring it home to you.

So you have to work with them persuade you educate them and hope that the march of the increasing education increasing communication the automobile driving the jet yap on will also do its work. I'm one who seems relieved to see the automobile change the face of American shit. And now we see the jet plane change in the world exactly the same way. Communication with each other. We are becoming one world and that's having its effect on the people moving about going. Coming up here and you going down I was having its effect. Well we got. Rid of that little thing I had two clocks I went down I held the first draw made Daniel French and I just arrange with the federal judge

to delay it or until Christmas. You know nobody can hate anybody around Christmas everybody said business. I've. Seen exploding things. We desegregation them on Christmas Day and who could get made on Christmas Day. We got. That. With the exception of one of our negro a power Doctor home which by the way he's a grandfather of Hamilton homes with your family is very wealthy I must tell you they could have shipped him with Oxford anyway but he wanted to go to Jordan he made a very good record and doctor whom CBS or cameraman came down

to war make pictures you know for you folks to look at terrible things going on in the south. And he arranged with a doctor to play it a second time. Now this by them a party all wrapped in the bomb that would cause. What are you going to give a rabble rouser time ploy when you're dealing with people when you're dealing with people where there's a lot I hate the place to demonstrate or do something. Our Great President is a dead man today because somebody knew what street he was coming down. If he had walked on out down that street he'd been late in the day and we all know that when you move great me on I'm on now for out that's when I get dangerous as you can walk I'm right through any street in America on the right. But he was giving the rap on

the time of the planes. Yeah. So I had to say to the doctor you know you're going to play golf and you're going to postpone it. And he did postpone it. And the gentleman didn't get his picture. What I want to grow shorter since quietly went to the golf course or started playing. There wasn't any place that the rabble could gather to demonstrate and everything came off. All right well comes our most famous case that was publicized the desegregation of our schools. Now that was on September September 1961. Why was that important. I want my girlfriends have said that is a mighty small number of children. Well actually it was but a tremendous punchbowl and passionate was involved. Can our big shed in the south we segregate without trouble that was a question

the country had seen example of Little Rock with the troops it had seen example of a plant in Tennessee with a dynamite cashbook cut and it had seen example of New Orleans where the women spit on people and crashing into the TV set and the whole world one of the lightest time came. Can you do it. Because if they don't do it here in the headquarter city of the South the leadership said to the South Carolina fails the whole world more or less take it for life and we would have time to meet that challenge or something more than Atlanta was involved. Like I had been for you as a lighthouse have become a better race relations. If we stumbled then we would be indeed in trouble and we resolve not to do it. How is it done for months both for the women the white women

met the church organization saying we must do this without the ministers make the newspapers the radio one the TV station everybody that was in it body like cooperate. Saying this we must do without trouble. We all going to the police to par and I want to tell you know it takes a little fast thinking about police you know we don't know how we got to hold our loyalty as well as anybody else was troubled by I mean how much Gummer hears that the policeman your stand out hates the negro and you keep trotting. We saw to it that our police were educated we got one of the greatest chiefs of police in the nation down there one of the great and I'm proud to say and I firmly believe it President Kennedy had come to life.

Mr Oswald would have been in our jail at the time because we maintain law and that police department a special group of loyal man who have no other duties but to keep that thing going on every rabble rouser in town every professional Q clocks of every professional Anish MIT is known to that little tight group of ponies. They attend their meetings if you please run the club. When Little Rock was boiling a representative of the Atlanta Police Department were there in the crowd. Watching what Little Rock did wrong. When New Orleans had its trouble and it was women was bitten in front of the television cameras and question. Representative of the line of police thought it was like watching Shiva. What was wrong and what should be done differently when the violence erupted at the University of Georgia.

I hear over the line every day you know students were running around large there. They made the mistake of having a basketball game that night too close to that government or police wise that was a mistake. But while they were running around on that campus two representatives of the Atlanta Police Department with Sheen what was wrong. And what could be avoided to come back and compare notes. Long before that school desegregation our chief had a padded letter tour and sent had seminars with a lot of police on the proper way to conduct themselves in this field of race relation. And the men were required to read it and report on what they thought about

the job was done well in advance which beginning a year here too and still the name caught getting the people the idea that the law must be respected. And when that day came. The pressure from the world came to mind when you were coming it was going to be the test in the first big shot unshaded leadership said if you please. And they came from foreign countries from England to Canada right. All of the press agencies were that I have and we felt that we had the situation in hand for schools were to be desegregated. We were all the time and to show that it could be done in all parts of the town. We didn't just pick one that was a mistake you know that one of two of the said we learned that

by watching these other cities that if you desegregated one side of town. They got jealous and said Now you have done this to us you have no know what I say. You're YOU YOU YOU YOU ruined us and all these other folks across town you've been nice to them and you must like them you let them alone see. Well we saw to it that for good in four sectors of the city. But to be the subject of desegregation so the rich the poor and the north and the South couldn't say well you did it to us not to the other side. Then we ran. Direct telephone wire to the city hall where I live into the council chamber a great big hall three times four times the size of this room. Then we ran the police radio in bio and put it on loudspeakers so every car in the city when they spoke we had two way

radio. Either way that conversation came out in that council chamber. Then we ran the wires of all of the press services the Western Union. We installed in that room fifteen or seventy five typewriters and dead. We put. All of the radio stations receivers in and we put the receivers for the towns through the television stations in there. We amassed. Every bit of communication there was in into that council chamber. And then we announced. To the press that came from every corner of America and from foreign countries that this was the command station. This would be where the mayor

was. This would be where the police chief was. This would be where the superintendent of schools was. Well you know the press is suspicious. And actually their first thought was this mayor has done a magnificent snow job. Come on. Lock us up in this place so we won't see any of this violence that we all know is going to happen. I'm sorry. Some of them come down expecting it. Some of them come down in our. Well they're human and either they or they like to do a job and if the violence breaks forth while that guy is a hero he staged data through it and he got the picture. He transmitted the story in that it's a good thing for him but not good for the town. So when they saw all of that equipment I made my speech I said Fellas they're all Gallo never forget that night before the day when the

whole world from the White House on down was watching you at Langley. And I said you're going to think we've got you in here on. To food you you're going to think I gotcha and he had to hide something. I said You fellows couldn't cover for children for different parts of town if something happened out here and you or they would miss it now or you know where I have fixed it so you know where things are I have fixed it so you know as much as I had Dylan I'm a principal actor and. Just drop it. And if you think that the chief of police don't want to know what's going on he's going to be here with you tonight. And who's the next principal actor on this high drama. She can turn his cold now fellows we've got everything on loudspeakers so we came for you. If anything goes wrong you're going to be the first to know it. I want to say to all of you that you will hear all the police radio everything that happens if anybody is

shot and injured or arrested. You will hear it yourself just like we do. We set up this command station and now we want to say to you that we got taxis outside the door. The minute anything happens at a specific place. The city of Atlanta will send you they are not taxi. If anybody's arrested the shade Atlanta will send you immediately to the police station and you'll meet them before they get there because if you are good they arrest over the loudspeaker. Well if I do have to say it myself the pressure of the nation was the makers when it came to Atlanta and found that Sarah it was a sight. We photographed it because it's now history. And that day came. And don't you think we were enough. We had worked for yeah. To see that nothing happen.

We had sequestered run off and scared all rabble rousers. We called. At seven o'clock. All of the students who integrated the schools will be assembled at a certain point under the kindly guidance of the school department and the school detectives and you will have ample privilege to photograph them and ask them anything you want. My parents will be there and sold at seven o'clock. They all went out and interviewed them and then at eight o'clock I arranged to complete that the segregated party at our leading hotel. A cocktail party at which the press enjoyed themselves and went away with no story much but a very happy and pleasant impression of it life. And I was rather proud

that not for the president at his news conference. John F. Kennedy lived to death today. Man that I greatly loved and respected to say on his news conference. We congratulate your hearts for you know. And chief of police Jenkins and ship and kind of the skew Lexan for the fine work. Which the problems of desegregating Atlanta schools have been happening and for the example that they have set for the balance of the South I thought pretty well but there. And so that is well that's the story of how. We got back. But a lot depends on the attitude of those in charge of the city. You can't to a police department is quick to see the attitude of the

man above them. They're not going to do anything that their spirit moves forward and they will not affectively polies or situations unless they know that the man above them wants it done is going to back him up when it is done and stand between them and a criticizing group use time. You'll get no more peaceful segregation anywhere than the mayor and the governor won't and the great trouble is some of the old man down there is they predict violence and in direct lead they are begging for vouchers. When they do it. The story of trouble in Birmingham there's a story of Wallace in a book on. The man with the Fall home and the police dog who gave civil rights the greatest impetuses had no

last hundred year bull Kong. And the story of Mississippi was a story of a governor who likewise invited violence by predicted and the old trick do you know why everybody in politics knows what it is the old trick of letting these people assemble in some place where they know it's going to be exploded and no police. They want to get there later. I want to tell you in my town I'm proud of the fact that whenever the rabble. HAS BEEN READY TO DO BUSINESS we've been there before. Not after one. And that's you know the way you can be ham. I was born in my city and I quote and still retain a deep love for any man's got to love of people that would go into this secrecy of the ballot box for six times leave his name that you know

first time elected. You can make a fool of yourself and that's your fault. Second time I see people's faults. And they elected me six times and would've elected me again and made the American male America. I appreciate it. I love that old town. I worked hard to give it a good image. I want the world to respect that line and it has paid off. We have a growing town a prosperous town. Men come there from everywhere and invest money and they're building great office buildings and building more every day in our sister city of Birmingham as in the dollars. There is a price to be paid and that is one of the fall that saw the violence.