Public Television Hearings; Westmoreland

Hiring and plant Brooks American about American men are at your Saturday at 7:30 on WGBH FM eighty nine point seven mega cycles Boston. This is Bill Greenwood public affairs director for the national educational radio network. We are again broadcasting live from the United States Senate Office Building in Washington D.C. momentarily hearings will resume as the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on communications considers Senate bill number 11 60 that's the proposed public television Act of 1967. This coverage is being produced by W.A. and American University Radio in Washington D.C. and by national educational radio. These hearings are also being heard live by members stations of the Eastern educational radio network in Washington New York City Boston Philadelphia Amhurst and Albany. Our technical director is Mr. Mike Harris of W.A. and you. As we

told you at the recess at 2 o'clock SENATOR PASTORE a chairman of this subcommittee is attending the White House luncheon in honor of General William Westmoreland sitting in for Mr. pastoring for the final part of this hearing will be Senator Frank Moss of Utah a Democratic member of the Commerce Subcommittee. Senator Moss has not yet entered the room. Many of the members of the Congress were deluged by a newsman following General Westmoreland's Marca remarks to the joint session. Many of them thus have been detained from their normal luncheon schedules. We would assume that Senator Moss will enter the room shortly and gavel the hearings to order in that regard we might mention that the schedule boycott and not schedule but the threatened boycott of General Westmoreland speech failed to materialize if at all it was certainly not appreciable. Members of the Congress applauded wildly as you heard over the network interrupting his speech 21 times and giving him three standing

ovations. The general same feelings seem to be one of enthusiasm for the remarks even though it said very little more than has been said before. This subcommittee hearing will be concluded with the two witnesses remaining on the witness list and they are Professor Herbert Adler. Representing Associated Students of UCLA and those headquarters are in New Haven Connecticut. He apparently will be the lead off witness for the afternoon session and he will be followed by Martin P. Bush who is secretary for the South Dakota educational television board with headquarters on the campus of the University of South Dakota in Vermillion. A total of 10 witnesses appeared or will appear today and this will bring the total of all witnesses for these hearings to 55 and that does not include witnesses who brought advisers with them. It is quite impossible to say exactly how many people have been heard but a total of

55 individual witnesses were scheduled by name on the itinerary. This is the eighth day of the hearings. As you know they began on April the 11th and ran for four days that week and then resume this past Tuesday. This will then be the final week of these hearings after which members of the Commerce Subcommittee will meet an executive session that is behind closed doors. They will study the testimony that has been presented by the many witnesses who have appeared. And they also plan to hold a conference with the authors of the legislation. The bill was drafted by officials in the Department of Health Education and Welfare and was submitted to Congress by President Johnson and us. It's why it's being termed a White House Bill. There is a great possibility that some of the language of this bill will be changed before it is reported to the full Commerce Committee. Once reported to that group the bill is then. Submitted to the floor of the Senate for

debate and a vote after that occurs the same procedure must go under go on in the House side of Congress. Senator mosses just entered the hearing room and is taking his seat. We expect he will call the hearings back into session within a few moments He's conferring with an aide at the moment a preliminary to the conclusion of these hearings. Here is Senator monnes. Subcommittee will come to order and we'll proceed with hearings on this 1 1 6 0. Our next witness is Professor Herbert Adler associate students UCLA. Thank you Senator Morse in the absence of US SENATOR PASTORE I'd like to thank him and also his kind counsel Mr Nyquist Apple and the

entire Rhode Island staff who made this opportunity possible for a representative now of a small New England College Quinnipiac College of Hamden Connecticut to be presented have I request that my statement be inserted in the record along with a statement titled The drama of television held at Yale University School of Drama in New Haven Connecticut June 27 through twenty nine thousand nine hundred sixty six without objection your statement will be printed in full in the record in the second statement be incorporated by reference held in the filed by reference for this hearing. Thank you very much. First it would seem propitious at this moment to use it as a springboard into my own statement. Your own conscious awareness of the presence of General Westmoreland.

Just earlier this afternoon. General Westmoreland statement if I may be as bold to try to bring it into account one thought I stated that the enemy is from without. In Vietnam. The enemy and perhaps in my statement may be with me and Khrushchev in Vienna in nineteen sixty two I mentioned to the late President Kennedy if capitalism could ensure a better way of life it would win. But you were sitting like a schoolboy with your hands on the piano. If I may I'd like to strike the piano and put the television in so it would read like this. If capitalism could ensure a better way of life it would win. But you were sitting like a schoolboy with your hands on the television. Perhaps that should be with your eyes on the television. The late President Kennedy. Not in rebuttal but as a senator

it happened to say this. Will a politician's desire for re-election and the broadcasters desire for ratings cause both to flatten every public whim and Prejudice seek the lowest common denominator of Appeal to put the public opinion at all times ahead of the public interest. The cooperation here and must believe in its goods and want them to be enjoyed by the largest possible number of consumers. Whether the goods are of majority or minority appeal. As long as the consumer continues to be given a choice at all times or at most times between two competing services of television. The experience in America has been that the networks imitate each other resulting not in the choice of program nor the verse of the but in concentration on those koans which produce the largest audience. The effort if I may suggest the late Justice Brandeis claim there is a curse a curse of bigness or curse because of bigness. Once it reaches beyond its capacity no longer can

challenge the minds of its viewers in this case television television as in the past as voidable radio and motion pictures before it had been broken up by anti-trust actions. However in this case nothing has been done with the monopolistic strength of TV it in parallel with what already own motion picture is. It's characterized both as one as a carrier and second as a creator. The corporation would seek a balance of light and serious material and provide more opportunity for programs of an experimental nature. You must be aware that the title of my statement is cool can public television justify its existence no less its creation. Therefore the assumption is that the public television corporation will be created. But the question then arises once it's created will it be possible would justify its existence. To.

Going on to page 3 skipping to the five second proposition of that page beginning with the charge of an advertisement. The charge against advertisement is not that it isn't imaginative or that it is wrong to use equipment in the home to lighten drudgery or wrong to add to the gayety or pleasure of life by using this or that product. The mainstay of commercial TV The criticism is rather that advertisements too often imply that unless one buys the equipment or the product advertised one will have cause for shame a loss of self-respect cannot hope for happiness and if one does buy these things happiness confidence friends will accrue as a sort of free bonus. Commercial TV is charge of the F-4 with subordinating ends to means and in particular with employing for the incredible purposes means which ought discreditable and which trade on human weakness. The medium is unique in that it uses for all purposes including

goals of advertising are of such social significance as to require that it be controlled by a public authority. Individuals in society may suffer if the attitudes and values presented market declined from those held by most people would be good. Yet the sponsors are using facilities made available to them at public disposition. The social consequence of television programs because of the unique capacity of the medium to prompt a desired response. Television is intimate peculiarly dramatic compelling and available to people of all ages and relaxed and relaxed and receptive moods. It can use it one in the same time devices of moving pictures music and speech. To avoid the social consequences of television advertising in the nature of an appeal based on impulses which are in the main obvious credible exquisiteness snobbery fear keeping up with the Joneses that many could influence people's aspirations and values in A Man A dangerous to individual and social hell all together.

A regrettable image of society. Television is Tel but it also incorporates vision. Where is the vision. Public television however is first and foremost a public service and therefore it is not a medium for advertising. We reject the view that television will be shaped by society. What figures very largely are the attitudes the convictions the motives of those who plan and produce what we see on our television screens. Their role is not passive. They in turn will be helping however in percept of ways to affect society. Dissatisfaction with the television as you're aware of the Carnegie report and the Ford Foundation report and the grassroots discontent may be due to its lack of balance and it fails to satisfy the very many sided tastes and interests of the public. There is much that lacks quality and yet in the financial reports of the networks there is a two and a half billion dollars statement of gross profits

worth of a program as an aspect of production. A most trivial program may be most expertly mounted and needed but it's needed to maintain quality. It's necessary to maintain quality and counted trivia. For example children's tastes and interests are formed by what they see far more than those of adults. When children's a view of viewing the a variety of programmes the proto programme should be as wide as possible. The lack of a hero image in America may be due to the failure of television to create a hero image that commercial TV has underestimated the public's capacity for enjoyment. We are all as individual members sometimes of the majority and sometimes of minority audience. Those responsible for programme planning must strike the right balance between catering for the existing taste of use and challenging their capacity to develop new ones. Granted that there is the gap between the ideal and the reality. Nevertheless we must attempt to evoke the image of a complete man. His capacity to grow and

television must concern itself with values and moral standards are also always be subject to catering to a fragment sated personality. The erosion of moral standards in crime and adventure programs are prone to glamorize delinquency violence on television depends on the view that violence is a part of life and must be mirrored. It may become an excuse for the betrayal of too much violence for its own sake. To argue that Shakespeare had violence is not saying that his action wasn't within the imaginative bounds of his work nor offered nor for that matter as Shakespeare is shown on TV daily. The test if war is is whether or not violence was an integral necessary part of a work of art. Television should satisfy and give a lead to public taste yet television at the same time is essentially a mirror of society. If television showed no heroes this was because there are none in society if it put trivial programs on. This is because there is in life a great deal of triviality programs to cater to existing chase

but it also should encourage new ones. Television programming comprises three major elements. First programme planning and content must respect the right of the public to choose from among the widest possible range of subject matter. Second there must be a high quality of approach and presentation and last. Those who handle so powerful medium must be animated by a sense of its power to influence by using moral standards and its capacity for enriching the lives of all of us. Common sense demands that stories have conflict that if there are to be heroes there must be villains also that escapism isn't an adequate basis for planning. The risks must be taken for the wholesome appetite of children to satisfy the wholesome appetite of children for excitement and for them coming to grip grips with life and awareness of the nature of the magnitude and complexity of the task of catering not to the needs of the public. Commercial television more and more depends on films. Backlog of home movies commands are priced into the millions and millions of dollars

movies made especially for TV's insatiable needs are now being produced in Hollywood to say nothing of the man for devouring talent and storylines. The belief deeply felt that the way television has portrayed human behavior and treated moral issues has already done something and will in time do much to worsen the moral climate of the country. The Oz wars the rubies the specs the Whitman's. There are too many in the cobwebs of American society to just strike and leave it just that for there are many much more that this is a time when many of the standards by which people have hitherto have lived and often are often questioned is not in itself regrettable if in much of television our society is presented as having extensively answered those questions by rejecting this name as bite as he did to live and by putting bad standards are not in their place. If our society is presented as having accepted that the appeal should be made to our worst rather than to our better selves then the questions will not have been fairly put but will then have been hopelessly prejudiced for the last minutes of morals and

behavior in general. Alcohol too often to show it as though it was a necessity of normal life promiscuity and adultery often shown as they were as though they were normal behavior. And more generally that sex was exploited symptomatic of a deep deeper seated ill of a comprehensive carelessness about moral standards generally. Television has a duty to mirror actual ways of Life and Habit and to portray honest doubts of independently minded people about traditional standards. But at the same time whatever it showed would help to create the prevailing moral climate and would therefore aggravate existing moral uncertainties and disorders. Broadcasters must accept this part of their responsibility. A constant living relationship with the moral condition of society. This is not to say that there where there was a virtue there could be no cakes and ale that Bloom was good and gay Godless that they could be no pleasure on Sundays. Nor was it to say that the sordid and harsh truth must not be shown. TV's picture of the world must be realistic and people can come to suffer as much from being led to believe that there is no evil in the world

as from seeing it overemphasized. A whole range of programming treatment must not exploit moral weakness and uncertainty but recognize that in television as audience of those whose standards are being shaped by what they see a good working rule is to regard the period of 6 to 9 p.m. as family viewing time there should be an awareness on the part of the producers of the composition of the audience remembering that most of the television in the family share the same living room very young children are defenseless defenseless. They lack experience and discrimination. The distinction between reality and make believe is often obscured. When violence through television with all its power of dramatic presentation invades the security of the home it does so in a form which is not to the watching Shiela game being played and then the child suffers quote most of what we think is rather pernicious passes over a child's head. But brutality does not. It hits it. Violence may be a threat to the world which children know and which they feel insecure. Such programs might lead children to dangerous and even the sassiest experiment showing such violence

encourages antisocial callous and even vicious attitudes and behavior. The violence is used to innocently. It provides the emotional energy for the program. That television is one of the main facts influencing the values and moral attitudes of our societies without a doubt the public cooperation is an important part of its report responsibility gives a lead to public taste and literature and the arts and elsewhere that success is not measured by the size of the audience's interpretation. Constant questioning testing retesting policies are essential. Continuing audience research on how they value the programmes the strength of its appreciation may be more important than the size of the audience that no one can claim they know what the public wants. They must be experiment trial and error triviality may be a natural vice of TV and if it prevails it operates to lower general standards of enjoyment in understanding trivial programming is a waste of the medium and represents a waste of the human resources producing the program

and also represents a failure to realize its potentialities a sin of omission therefore is also a sin. Commission prejudice and complacency are not disturbed and controversial subjects plays a serials might not deal with real human problems but present a candyfloss world programs which exemplify emotional tawdriness and mental timidity timidity helped cheapen both emotional and intellectual values slickness is what really counts. And they may have more of a subversive influence than violence. Trivial program is one characterized as having an effective approach on a defective presentation. A trivial approach can consist in a failure to rep to respect the potentialities of the subject matter no matter what it may be or in a too ready reliance on well-tried claims or the habit of conforming to established patterns or a reluctance to be imagined imaginatively adventurous trivial presentation consists in the failure to take full and disciplined advantage of the artistic and technical faculties which are relevant to a particular

subject or an excessive interested packaging at the expense of the contents of the package or in a reliance on gimmicks so as to give a spurious interest to a programme at the cost of its imaginative integrity or in too great a dependence on hackneyed devices for creating suspense or raising a laugh or evoking terms. Viewers may universally maintain that much that is seen on television is regarded as of little value. A preoccupation with the superficial the cheap sense and sensational presentation that showed a lack of willingness to experiment. And all I had a word for a reader that those who provided these programs mistakenly assume the popular taste were unbelievably low and popular culture irresponsible or worse that they did not care about them. The range of subjects dealt with is too narrow and because without the range there is not sufficient variety in treatment and because the range presented at peak viewing hours is markedly narrower than even the overall range broadcasters have a dual responsibility of showing society as it is and

allowing riders to express themselves as they wish. On the other recognising a constant living engagement with a moloch condition of society. Values are acquired a view of life is picked up by children watching television the power of the medium to influence and persuade is immense and from a strong feeling amounting often to a conviction that very often the use of the power suggested a lack of awareness or concern about the consequences. All for the sake of the easy appeal. Nor may television be just a mirror passively reflecting society. It can show the whole range of worthwhile experience but it must pay particular attention to those parts of the range of worthwhile experience which lie beyond the most common. Because of the range of experience it's constantly growing and because the growing points are more significant. Television must focus a spotlight for it is at these points that the claims to new knowledge and new awareness Aw stated. If our society is to respond to the challenges and judge the claims they must put before it. Television must be anxious to experiment to

show the new and the unusual. To give a hearing to dissent. Here broadcasting must be willing to make mistakes for if it does not it will make no discoveries. If television is the mirror of society which is the mirror to reflect it to reflect the best of the worst in us. Television must make a choice and therefore it cannot merely reflect the moral standards of society it must affect them either by changing them or by reinforcing them. The considerations that if we were to fall first of the effect television has on the character of society and second from a consideration of the need to use the potential of the medium and give people the best possible chance giving them the choice of enlarging worthwhile experience a choice that they have so far in 15 years of commercial TV that has been denied to them. Broadcasting should give the public what it wants and not what someone thinks is good for the public. It's a deceptive slogan and also very arrogant. The tendency should be to keep a little bit of ahead of public opinion a responsibility to help towards a broadening and deepening a public taste.

To give the public what he thinks is good for it is patronizing and arrogant. As I said before they have a duty to keep sensitively aware of the public's tastes and attitudes as they now are and in all they have arrived and the care about them is to respect the public's right to choose from the widest possible range of subject matter. And so do a lot of worthwhile experience the range is inexhaustible. The broadcaster must explore it and choose from it first is a proper exercise of responsibility by public authorities duly constituted and under this bill as trustees for the public interest. The claim to know what the mass audience wants is not only demeaning but it is the scepter. It is more than a mass audience and to limit its choice to the average of experience is the common send to what one describes as intelligence what the public wants and what it has a right to get. Is the freedom to choose from the widest possible range of program matter. To deny the public the chance to develop a taste would have the rot deprive many of pleasures to underestimate the task. The taste is to get a

choice is only free if it is not on necessarily restricted. The subject matter of television is found in the whole scope and variety of human awareness and experience. If they thought only of the majority are average then they will get only to know the commonplace and the ordinary they will be kept on aware of what lies beyond the average experience and in time they may come to like only what they know. A service which caters only for the majority can never satisfy all or even most of the needs of the individual. There is no AMA offer his uniform ass is composed of individual people with the abilities and the possibilities potentialities of each person is different. They are composed of a different pattern. We we may share even with different minorities a service which caters only for majorities can never satisfy all or even most of the needs of any individual. If the FAA cannot satisfy all of the needs of the problem the theme common to commercial programming is that program programming items are devised with the object of

seeking at whatever cost and quality of variety. The largest possible audience and that to attain this object the items nearly always appealed to a low level of public taste. We want an actively interested American audience not a passively apathetic acquiescent one nor an indifferent one. A lack of variety in originality and inherent to what is safe an unwillingness to try challenging demanding still less uncomfortable subject matter becomes evident yet the Querrey still arises in face of a statement the prophets taught when two and a half billion dollars. Why is it there is no challenging demanding original subject matter presented to the public. Yes it may be argued one man's meat may be another one's poison but to offer no meat nor poor reason. But pap is served up because presumably no one likes it or at least no one will get indigestion. The effect of television is persistent almost imperceptible but like water dripping on a

stone in the end prevailing until there is unmistakable proof to the contrary. The presumption must be that television is and will be a big main factor influencing the values and moral standards of our society. Broadcasting must be in a constant and sensitive relationship with the moral condition of society. Broadcasters are and must be involved. This gives them responsibility. They just cannot evade the power of the medium to influence and persuade is immense. It is the most pervasive and therefore one of the most powerful of agents for influencing men's thoughts and actions. It has the capacity for dramatic presentation. And so for example following the thoughts and actions of living people to the transience of its pictorial statement and to the consequent difficulty of analyzing and criticizing them. The audience in the millions of vulnerable other media involve a conscious critical approach sitting at home people are relaxed and therefore more exposed. It brought actuality all the appearance of actuality into the

home. The best way quote to sell the goods is to put a man in the home. The nearest you can get to that is television. Unquote. Television is represented as one of the major long term factors that will shape the moral and mental attitudes the values of our society. Television plays so great a part in the lives of so many millions. We can now see the participants within our homes as we saw this morning what television has done could do with a view as a conscious of what it has done badly or failed to do it all and how to abuse its power and fail to realise its possibilities. The idea of his life shall sweetly creep into his study of imagination and every level you are going to his life shall come apparently more precious habit more moving delicate and full of life into the iron prospect of his soul. Shakespeare. Can public television justify its existence no less its creation. Thank you very much said of the mosque.

Thank you Professor Adler for that very thought provoking statement a considerable indictment of our television as we have it now and. I. Take it your point is that there should be support for educational television so that it could come in and fill some of this. Vacuum that you pointed out in general public television. Why not. Because even in the politician's life he has an appalling crimes against them the public is always given a choice. Well that's that's a good point to make and we appreciate having it very much thank you very much for the committee. Mr. Martin P. Bush who is the secretary of the South Dakota educational television board video in South Dakota. Mr. Bush we're glad to have you sir. You may proceed in any manner that you see fit. Very happy to be here appear to be the tail end of things but

I guess it has to be an end every last day when you're in the game we used to say right was undermost I am Martin Bush past vice president of the national educational radio board of the National Association of educational broadcasters. I'm president of the South Dakota Educational Television Association which is a nonprofit. Organization interested in fostering educational television. And I'm secretary of the South Dakota educational television board of directors and director of the radio television film at the University of South Dakota. I'm very pleased to be here and I want to thank you and the committee for honoring Senator months suggestion that I appear before this committee. Senator Murray is very interested in the progress of these hearings and the outcome of the bill. Senator Moss I would like with your permission to enter into the record my more lengthy statement and then just to amplify and emphasize in summary certain of our responses to 11

60 that may be done without objection your entire statement will go in verbatim and we'll ask you to highlight it and emphasize the points you think we should make for us. Thank you sir. We have South Korea a rather large state in the area but with less than three quarters of a million people generated quite a head of steam in the development of educational broadcasting particularly educational television. We have since 1965 appropriated state funds to begin to build with the TV facilities act matching dollars 3 VHF television stations and we have indeed appropriated money for a fourth station. I will propose seven station network bus translators which we hope to complete by 1972 when that happens it will cover almost 100 percent of our state population. It is. We're already deeply involved in providing instructional

television to our young people and this veritably explode this coming October hopefully when we get our three stations on the air. And we've been giving people public television from my university station which we're very proud. We also have preliminary plans for an extensive FM multiplex system to be built in tandem as it were with a TV network using the seven television station facilities to develop highly specialized services from various state agencies and the two universities to some 15 or more professional government law enforcement and welfare and social groups in our state plus public radio if you will which we've been providing at the University of South Dakota since 1922 and instructional radio. Incidentally to thousands of students since 1935. We also have preliminary state plans for interconnecting all of these facilities with a system that would

include communication services for various other agencies and purposes. And needless to say South Dakota is interested in all aspects of the bill. The bill would serve many of the present needs for educational broadcasting in our state. And we congratulate those who thoughtfully drafted the bill. Now as to the bill itself. It's most significant that television and radio are included as has been mentioned here so many times before. Being the manager of along with an educational television station also an educational radio station I know what our AM radio station means to thousands of people in a four state area national education radio through the facilities of Wu FM here are provided live coverage of all of these hearings and did broadcast live General Westmoreland's address to a joint session of Congress this noon. And of course any TIAs presented excellent summaries of all of these hearings to the TV stations all over the United States on a network basis during the evening hours.

We would like to suggest. Mr. Chairman that the. Bill cite the act as suggested this morning and in previous testimony as a public broadcast Act of 1970. It seems somewhat in conduits and misleading in scope to refer to television only and then quite explicitly involved. Radio entitles one to each medium is important and each certainly has its own destiny and I believe strongly that each can complement the other. And now to point up and emphasize certain aspects of the titles. As guards to the desires of the people in our state. Title 1 would provide South Dakota with the necessary federal matching money to complete its proposed and planned a TV network. Our citizens want it completed as soon as possible. It's most heartening to see how the citizens of South Dakota and the school official then the

students themselves have become involved in a very limited way with instructional television and the desire for the expansion of these services is really quite amazing. There are many citizens in our state who are also I went anxiously awaiting the so-called public television services that could be provided in the evening hours which is now only given to relatively few people. We also see a tremendous future in our proposed FM multiplex broadcast service. Can we begin to imagine the timely vital services that could be brought simultaneously and on an almost unlimited number of channels to a vast number of professional and service organizations. The possibilities are almost overwhelming in FM model plexi. We in South Dakota would like to develop our plan as soon as possible. But this of course means funds from microwave interconnections since multiply going from point to point in our state is best achieved

by microwaving your connection title one would make this possible. And of course we desire to be interconnected for television at the earliest possible moment. Now since our proposed state wide interconnection for educational broadcasting is only a part of a proposed multi use System. We would like to suggest that page 7 Line 7 of the proposed act which is entirely clued in of costs of planning including the definition of planning in line was 10 11 and 12 multi use interconnection facilities which a number of states including South Dakota are just beginning to consider the economics of such total systems are obvious and planning funds and I emphasize the planning funds would provide the blueprints for these systems and would perhaps bring in a connection of educational television and radio stations much closer to many states. These are systems that are underway in preliminary study as they are in South Dakota but need funds for

planning and for implementation. Eventually Title 2 is most important. Again as has been previously suggested in these hearings it seems most appropriate to refer to the proposed corporation as a nonprofit educational Broadcasting Corporation since radio and television are included. We endorse the corporation and its procedure for selection as outlined in the bill. We feel strongly however that the corporation be non operational and that the word nonprofit on page 16 line 4 as it relates to Section 2 the activities of the corporation be kept in the language of the bill. We cannot risk loss of independent station programming responsibilities through any kind of a network program contracts or contracts or obligations that the mission of this word might eventually Foster. Some guarantee also that program programming monies go to all worthy local stations should certainly be given. As to

Title 3 we first of all agree with the testimony presented here by Mr Julian Goodman president of the National Broadcasting Company where he suggested that since many of the same considerations apply to instructional radio that the section be broadened to include radio testimony on Title 3 by numerous organizations directly and indirectly involved in instructional television and in education generally. And given this distinguished committee and indication of the scope of the investigation and the study of this part of the bill I might delve into on a preliminary basis. Not only could ramifications of these studies include you doubt it looks at the learning process the ease of televised instruction but also at the tremendous involvement of all of the new technology within the classroom and the distribution systems between classrooms and schools and indeed between universities and colleges. These are important. The title would open the door hopefully to a continuous sophisticated study in the ever changing aspects of developing

and training the human mind. So enter mosques and members of the committee we sincerely thank you for the opportunity of appearing before you and allowing us to endorse the concept of public television as described by the president and by the county commission and by letting us wholeheartedly endorse and support as 11:16. Thank you. Thank you Mr. Joyce for your very fine testimony and your endorsement of the general terms of the bill. That's before us. With your experience and background we think this is very valuable and I. I was glad to have you emphasize again the fact that this bill deals with both radio and television that I said earlier when we first started these hearings that I did not hear anybody mention

radio for a day or two and that is just as important that we move in the radio field of education radio as television. We've allowed ourselves to be blinded a little bit by the new and more glamorous medium I guess. But I'll be quite important. Is radio and in fact it reaches many places and does many things that television is not adapted to do so. I think that should be stressed. We appreciate your comments here and your testimony that will be part of the record. This phase of our hearings will now be brought to a close although the record will remain open for a week which is what will enable any witness who has appeared to has any thing further that he neglected to put in with his statement or any correction he needs to make can be done within that week's

time. And then the record will be closed and printed and the committee will then be in a position to address itself to a thorough analysis of the entire record and turn then to the markup of the bill. Thank you very much. Bush now an attorney. That was the final gavel to gavel signaling the end of these hearings by the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on communications into the proposed public television Act of 1967. This is the eight than was the final day of testimony. More than 55 witnesses appeared before this subcommittee to present testimony on behalf of the variety of groups. I'll summarize briefly today's testimony from 10 witnesses. Among them the Reverend John McLaughlin a Jesuit priest from Fairfield Connecticut who supported the Carnegie Commission plan for appointment of a public TV Corporation Board of Directors supported a Ford Foundation suggestion to shield News and Public

Affairs from government financing and then urge the Congress to provide money for production of religious programming. Next two appeared today was District Judge Annette Allen of round up Montana. He was introduced by Senator Lee Metcalf of Montana and he strongly supported Title 3 of the bill which authorizes a comprehensive study of instructional television. Judge Allen sharply criticized the Federal Communications Commission for allegedly declining to wade in the growth of television and radio in rural America. He implied existing legislation in this field strengthens educational television for urban but not rural America. He asked Congress to consider ways on helping the farmer and the rural population. And Lakshman representing the AFL CIO is the third witness of the day. He said the AFL CIO was glad to see radio included in the bill. He said also that commercial television gives an adequate choice of programmes and noted that educational

television could fill the gap in that respect. He asked that a Labor Representative be included on the board of directors of the proposed public television corporation. The fourth witness was George probe's chairman of the board of broadcasters Foundation New York. He traced the historic aspects of educational television A Woman's Struggle for birth and financing said television and radio deserves some fair share of the nation's tremendous gross national product. Mrs. Edward Ryan was the fifth witness today she's from Manchester Massachusetts and is chairman for legislation of the National Council of PTA. She said The PTA is vitally concerned with the quantity of television programs and feels much upgrading is needed. Ms Martha cable appeared next. She is director of instructional materials for the Philadelphia Pennsylvania Board of Education. She applauded the bill and its addition of educational radio. She noted concern over

Title 3 of the bill hoping the Senate committee would include all modes of instructional broadcast medium in the study which this title would authorize. Today's seventh witness was Lee Franks director of educational television services for the Department of Education of the state of Georgia. He urged action to further development of state regional and national educational broadcasting networks. He said he feels the federal government should pay smaller percentages of matching funds to states so that the money could be spread around a little further. The eighth witness the last one to appear this morning was the Reverend Robert Van Dusen representing the Lutheran Church broadcast Council who cited that large amount of work conducted by the Lutheran Church in the field of broadcasting. He asked that the Senate subcommittee considers support for religious and or so-called moralistic programming. He also hoped that there be some consideration given to the possibility of using interconnections for Sunday

School broadcasting. This afternoon as you heard Professor Herbert Adler of New Haven Connecticut a college English and philosophy professor related his opening remarks to General Westmoreland's call for aid saying broadcasters need it too. In a statement full of quotations references and literary style he submitted a lengthy and impressive list of justifications for educational radio and television. The final witness of the day Martin Bush president of the South Dakota Educational Television Association and director of radio station KUSA and KUSA t television at the University of South Dakota. He outlined details of the educational broadcasting operations in his state suggested the title the bill be changed to reflect the inclusion of radio the bill as you know is the public television act. He urged development of a national educational radio and the National Educational Television networks as a full fledged national production

center for respective operations. He said together both any R and any T could continue on a vastly improved basis to supply programmes to stations. Senator Moss then concluded the hearing say he was glad saying he was glad to hear radio emphasized again and reminding witnesses they have one week to put additions or corrections to their testimony before the record is closed and then print it. After that the. Members of the subcommittee will deliberate and then the legislative process can go to the floor of the Senate. The broadcast has originated as you know live from the United States Senate Office Building here in Washington today is the final day of the broadcast. Our special coverage was produced by W am UFA am American University Radio in Washington D.C. and by national educational radio. We thank the staff the technicians and our technical director Mr. Mike Harris of WMUR for their efforts this

broadcast was heard live by Member Stations of the Eastern educational radio network in Washington New York City Boston Philadelphia am Hearst and Albany. This is Bill Greenwood public affairs director for the national educational radio network thanking you for listening. This is the eastern educational radio network. We invite you to stay tuned now for music from Metropolitan opening nights. Next on WGBH FM eighty nine point seven I guess I call it Boston. Now to turn from the public hearings

which are carried in their entirety by most of these Member Stations of the Eastern educational radio network during the four days of hearings today and the four days from last week we turn to the recent RCA Victor release old Metropolitan opening nights at about an opera opening night commemorating the closing of the old Winterbottom opera house its long history. Hundred eighty three thousand one hundred sixty five. There are selections historical recordings stretching from 1959 back through the years till to the very earliest. We'll hear first on this program. A reverse historical survey the Ebell endless war stories or better may order the Count de Luna varies a lot operate in this historic recording

of you by living in the convent scene we hear a great marathon one of the greatest American singers of this century Leonard Wilde.