WGBH Journal; Journal Highlights

A dramatic moment coming up in sports jacket. Yeah I think this is where we're trying to hustle and scurry and finish and you know this thing on time we got with us right now Jim Driscoll friend of mine who played a lot of plate fresh 14 years of professional baseball and wound up his career with the Oakland Athletics and the Texas Rangers. We just just got in the studio. Why did you introduce this. I think this is Babe Ruth swan song. This is Lou Gehrig's eye opener. OK. Jim was it was so much talk about Lou Gehrig when you were playing ball that guys talk about him and wonder about what he was like and actually you know. Well you know the great names in baseball always pop up once in a while no matter what era were in the great names of Ruth and Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio and the Mickey Mantle the Ted Williams you know the great names in baseball will always be around as long as we all graced this earth and I'd like to introduce this last card for the day it's the farewell speech for Lou Garrick one of the all time great baseball players in the

history of the game. And maybe I can send out a plea out there to your listeners to call on NPR to WGBH radio. And if we get the nominee around we can get it on the air. All right it's 4 9 2 1 1 1 1 4 9 2 1 1 1 and we have a lot of baseball fans out there people. This is the this is the year of the Red Sox It looks that way what do you think should win. I think they're going to do well at this point in the game it looks like the Sox might coast into this American League East and pennant. They're playing one game at a time the manager Don Zimmer has them in that frame of mind to play one game at a time because you can become complacent in this professional world of baseball a true example of the Dodgers of last year they ran away with the pen in the first half and coasted in the second half and they weren't mentally ready for the playoffs and eventually get to the World Series. You can cheer on and off at a pace like that you have to go one day at a time I think Don Zimmer is doing a fine job over there and now looks like I look for the Red Sox the waltz the rest of the way.

Waltz the rest away. That's great. OK here's Lou Gehrig and give us a call at 4 9 to 11 11 Thank you Jim. 1930 you know that here. I am I can talk about it. The World Series of 1947 between the book. And. Well I want to thank everybody for participating in this particular segment of summer green radio's golden moment

for Red Jack Cafferty for bringing his collection by we couldn't of a present of the show without Jack's fabulous collection collection and his recollections of the radio days. Thank you Jack for being with us. Thanks thanks for everybody for sending in their pledges and just for being out there. And George Morency for producing the package continued success with the spider's web joy hope even when many more awards. Thanks Ron My pleasure. I'm really very pleased with the response we've gotten from our audience for the golden age of radio for the kickoff on salary and I hope they'll continue to give us their support and their moral support their financial support. We like to hear from them. Please continue. And we're dedicating this last election to the audience. Al Jolson singing You are too beautiful and you are beautiful for pledging him and giving us your support throughout the year radio's golden moment segments we've got more fun programs continuing throughout the weekend on summer green. Coming up next on

WGBH radio highlight highlights from the WGBH Journal. Good afternoon. I'm bill cap and welcome to highlights of. Less than a year ago in October of 1977 GBH journal again as the station's

weekday news magazine program. Was founded out of a staff commitment to bring more in-depth coverage to regional news issues as well as to bring to the air voices which are not usually heard. With public broadcasting as our vehicle we work towards the accomplishment of these goals. Time on our show is flexible. We can examine shoes in a thorough way. Listeners are encouraged to understand as well as to hear about those issues in the news as it affects their lives. Now with the first anniversary of GBH Journal fast approaching we pause to look back at nine months of journal highlights the product of a small staff and a large and devoted group of volunteers. Over the past nine months political activism in the Boston area has focused on issues ranging from

university investments in South Africa to the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The construction of the nuclear power plant in Seabrooke New Hampshire. Now temporarily halted has also been to say the least controversial issue. We attempted to untangle the complex series of legal events in Seabrook in a recent report. This plan. If we can get it completed by 1984 as it's presently scheduled would have taken us from the its inception I'm told then a total period of 12 years. SEABROOK originally was to cost us a little over 1 billion dollars. Today it's scheduled to cost two point one billion dollars. New Hampshire governor Meldrum Thompson is determined to see a nuclear power plant built in Seabrook New Hampshire. Yes seen years of regulatory and legislative action delayed the construction of the plant which he feels must be built to serve the needs of an energy hungry New Hampshire economy. Robert Baucus is an attorney. Baucus is one of the

major causes of construction delay at Seabrook. He represents environmental groups in the seacoast area who have won and then lost scores of federal decisions. How many decisions. They are certainly dozens and probably hundreds. There are decisions that are issued within the agencies that are then reversed within the agencies and then the commission reviews the decisions that have been reversed. The EPA decision went first one way then the other way then it was reversed at the national level and then taken to the court of appeals and now that decision is being reviewed was being sought in the Supreme Court of the United States by the utility. The decisional record in this case I mean the pages of written decisions certainly must exceed several thousand pages. And where are we now in terms of the challenge confused. Baucus has played a major role in just about every federal agency and court decision handed down since the public service company applied for a license from the Atomic Energy Commission

in 1973. He represents the seacoast anti pollution League and the New Hampshire Audubon Society. One federal agent women's voices strong other journalists here on sex discrimination suit and women's groups such as nine to five have been the subject of features on the program as has the abortion issue whose legal fate in the state has just been decided upon by the Massachusetts legislature and is at present being challenged in the courts. I mean I understand you prepared a report earlier in the legislative session which explained the legal battle which the abortion bill was to face center stage for the Medicaid abortion fight this year is the state budget due out for floor debate in the House of Representatives next week. In an anti-abortion tactic which has been used in Congress and in state legislatures all over the country. State Representative Charles Doyle and Raymond Flynn are hoping to attach a rider to the Medicaid section of the budget which would forbid the use of any Medicaid funds to pay for any woman's abortion. Today anti-abortion moves of this kind in the

legislature have met with the same fate following passage by both the House and the Senate. Governor Dukakis has vetoed. The House has then overridden his veto and the Senate has sustained it by the required 17 vote killing the measure. This time around may or may not be different depending on how the 17 veto sustaining state senators react to a variety of pressures having little or nothing to do with the issue of abortion. Representative Ray Flynn hopes the specter of next November's elections will scare the necessary number of senators into changing their votes. Because it's a position after all. When they have to make a vote when legislators are the governor has to vote. Before an election has to be particularly mindful of how the people of the District or the people of the state feel on that particular

issue. In my judgment. Is very strong feeling. Of pro-life in Massachusetts. So I think the people of Massachusetts says the election becomes closer. I think the people of Massachusetts will. Voice out their concern on this issue to the to their elected officials and those people aspiring for political office. Raymond Flynn It's debatable whether the majority of Massachusetts voters are against abortion and 976 poll published in The Boston Herald American show that 63 percent of those surveyed favored the 973 Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion. If Doyle and Flynn do succeed in attaching the anti-abortion rider to state Medicaid funds anti-abortion legislators will be faced with a difficult choice. If they vote to pass the Medicaid budget they will automatically be voting to pass the anti abortion rider if they vote against the abortion rider. They will automatically be voting against disbursement of Medicaid funds. Legislators know of course that they won't win any popularity contests for withholding Medicaid

money most of which goes for the general health care needs of poor elderly disabled people's day to day life experiences make up an important part of the features on this program last fall. For example we had a half hour special on runaways in the combat zone and there are many people who are very lonely. They come in here as obvious people have marital troubles people have business troubles. Some of the people come in every day just for a couple drinks just talk to the bartender and wave to a couple girls that they may have met. Other ones of them come in once a week when they get paid for a few drinks. So people come in from out of town lots of people from out of town traveling salesman conventioneers a lot of conventioneers. We've had people from all over the world professional athletes whose names you know in different clubs sometimes with a visit by people like Well Larry Flynt from hustler was here and they're actors and such. So there are different types. A lot of people from the financial district from.

Vice presidents of companies to you know to the store clerks and to people that robs banks to get their money and I talk about it every once in a while and Hustler is singing professionally as a boss so it's both good and bad. You know you can pinpoint any one particular type of woman Bill Marcy Boston vice squad you've got schoolteachers down there you've got students you get young weren't always as young as 12 maybe you know 11 good girls high school graduates high school dropouts types sizes and descriptions. I don't know that people are basically people from on the streets I've had so many people that I've known from all sorts of places and houses Ed. times come in here in my butcher and and my dentist was in last night and all sorts of people like that girls between. 16 and 24 25 are working the streets as houses

as girls. Well ladies we're going to clubs that by tend of strippers. A couple girls even have legitimate you have his bookkeepers down a bit. But using a born again into a more lucrative field. So I think any girl that comes and works in those clubs will eventually end up in some sort of illegal activity. I'd watch for the comments on the never been like this. I was just watching everything every detail I just want to see everything that was fine. I was really intrigued and I was very naive. I look back now I think I saw it and wondered now what's this much. And later on I found out. We also deal with the usual phenomena naturally occurring and self-imposed.

We marvel at the perseverance and slight insanity of those who attempt to run the Boston marathon 26 miles from happy with that torturous ascent called Heartbreak Hill. Actually more cross starts at about 20 and have significant hills and they do come at a time when you're particularly vulnerable. The hills especially Heartbreak Hill have achieved notoriety among racers who must climb the hills after they have already been running for almost 20 miles. At this point says Dr. Lloyd Smith of the same Elisabeth's runners clinic. Many runners hit the wall in a marathon distance called it is 20 miles has a point where the run hits the wall and we're not really we don't really understand what happened to that point. But apparently no. Physiologic functions that keep the runners going up to 20 miles to deteriorate at that

point and the muscles cease to function to a great deal. The runner encounters a tremendous amount of difficulty continuing not it. Not everybody does but when they do they will never forget. You feel like. You like nothing I mean you like a guy in a body the only thing you have is your mind like you just feel like sitting now and not going anywhere. He became very depressed. What goes on in your mind is What am I doing here. This is crazy I'll never do this again. Every writer has gone through those feelings and there are various degrees of hitting the wall I mean we we knew of a run in a very hot marathon who for various reasons he wasn't supposed to take water and absolutely at that 20 miles ran off the course into a building.

There's a great urge to stop. And it happens very suddenly around comfortably everything is under control you look at your watch and you say gee this looks good I think I'm going to have a decent time today and all of a sudden it's all right. You get very desperate and you just wonder whether you're going to make it. Runners Larry Berman Sara Mae Berman and Ellie Mendonsa runners may sometimes wonder whether they're going to make it because of another show covers more than just news features we deal with unusual phenomena both natural and self-imposed. We marvel at perseverance the slight insanity of those who attempt to run the Boston. I'm sorry we've already lost Edwin having way I'm sorry and I will skip down to his natural phenomenon of last February storm how reporters very out on the street getting some words on people's experiences. Well good to have you. Right this morning people are coming up here.

People trying to get most of the people out legitimate the ones who are knowledgeable people to get to work by. Doing very well. Kind of feel sorry for people who don't have. Access to public transportation. Twice as many people. We had about 50000 people. Oh it varies a lot of people

pretty well. You know I think idea that people are helping each other and walking back and forth I think it's lovely. It was kind of beautiful. Kind of frightening. But it helps show people that they're not really in total control of their environment. I was hoping that at 15 feet you can just tell the difference of the people and when you're out in the street as opposed to when you're you know it's just a normal day in the city I think is the worst place to meet people on the street because everybody is so scared about everybody else but then in the snowstorm it's a whole different story. Well I thought it was pretty bad because I couldn't go sledding I think but the good thought was all I had to do is stay in inside and watch TV. Are you looking forward to going back to school. Not yet. National is fantastic the sounds of a star they would never have. I want it to snow again Monday night. Well it was naturally something you see perhaps once in a long time if ever around getting out in the street really made it seem like a

country. I don't know. This past school year has seen a resurgence of student activism directed specifically against universities with investments in companies which do business in South Africa. The president of Harvard Derek Bok States what he believes the presence of these companies in South Africa can accomplish. Well I think the kinds of programs we're talking about are the payment of adequate wages the provision of training and educational opportunities for the right the overcoming of job restrictions that are higher more responsible positions to whites introducing into

suitable training methods I think are part of a complex of reforms which can help overcome. Some of the more objectionable features of the part I've been I seem to test on these principles these have to be seen again whether people are saying other people are saying give us more jobs promoters to managerial positions give us equal pay no we are saying get the hell out. Christopher entender is a member of the African National Congress of Black Consciousness organization. He points out that all major black organizations in South Africa have called upon foreign investors to withdraw their operations. The Sullivan principles he says are mainly cosmetic changes that do not go far enough. Times have changed. There would have been a time in South Africa when where some of these principles would have been found useful and contributing to change. But then events have moved. We are

now talking about post so way to Europe and the mood in South Africa. Blacks is that they're not going to accept anything short of taking power in that country against my spirit and the dreams of the people the black people in South Africa too. Too short too late. Harvard University president Derek Bok and Christopher intent of the African National Congress for GBH Journal this is David Tyler. This has been a year of activism and self-expression on many fronts which we think is a positive step in our society. So when a group of handicapped people rallied at the end last week we sent a reporter to the scene. Could you tell me what the purpose of the demonstration is today. Well the purpose is to demonstrate the foolishness of the assertion that people who are handicapped either would not

mass transportation were made assessable to that or that they would represent a danger to themselves or to other people. We think it's important to be seen let other people say to talk with us. And to say that there's nothing essentially different about me except that I don't dance very well. Could you explain specifically about the trans bus program and what exactly that means to people that are handicapped in the Boston area. You know trans bus is a new design bus which is a grant it has a low floor widen doors transpose will benefit all of the ridership in the Greater Boston Community anyone who uses it. It's going to provide a smoother ride and a shorter trip time. But in particular it's going to benefit those of us who can't use the current buses trains bus was assured by Congress. And reinforced by the Department of Transportation mandate a year ago and now

Congress is trying to take it away from us which is the reason we're rallying today. Why do the handicapped need to get around the unemployment rate of disabled people is about 50 percent. Those of us who are already employed about 50 percent of those who are employed make less than $2000 because we can't we can't get to different employment opportunities we can't get out to recreational up to 10. Yes we can't socialize we can't. You can't even get to medical appointments. If I were always confined to a chair there would be three stations at which I could get on and off to him on the Orange Line. And there were one stop apart so I could get on one station ride to the other one get all my guests go to the side and ride back and that's the total amount I could use it because here at Ashkelon I can get on an ash want. There's no place I can get off until I come back to Asheville. And so it's just simply as it is a citizen. To the extent that a public service is paid for by tax monies as a citizen. I have the right to have.

Access to it if it is a public service and I and friends with the Ts are here public service or. GBH Journal is a regional news magazine covering New England area reflection stories and ideas and where else but a New England could one dream of celebrating Thanksgiving at Plymouth Plantation. One of the first go for 16 and 20. On the great ship called the Mayflower. Many are what family do you have here with you. My wife Bridget she said here somewhere I've been with cooking. Now the

pattern of the Phase 2 smaller and I run on the run and at the nine pins game right now. And what is this holiday that we're celebrating here just to bring in. Bringing in the last of the corn of the Harvest Festival. How's your life been here in the past six and a half years is that what you said after the six and a half years. Yeah 16 and 27. And we've done for planting and we've more respect and good profit profit in the former trade. Three hundred percent on the London market for the beaver far well. Loaded.

I'm a Christian he turned into Francis and helped him to be a carpenter in the village. You don't have as much time for Farman a song and a way to work a work in the fields of course and right now harvest. The character of Boston is largely shaped by the large student population of the city and issues which affect university life are of importance to the entire community. The recent Supreme Court decision on the case of Allen Bakley will obviously affect university admissions nationwide before the court reached its decision. We aired a report examining one of the most controversial aspects of the

case notably reverse discrimination of the anti backy decision coalition explains. Basically we don't think that there is such a thing as reverse discrimination. In order for there to be reverse discrimination minorities in this country would first have to you know become equal which we are not at this point. And then beyond that minorities would have to have a status. You know about white people wanted to discriminate against somebody. You had to be in a position to discriminate. And at this point where minorities don't even have equality. It's just not real. Mr. Goldman The reality is that there is no such thing as reverse discrimination. There is just discrimination. Baggy is not a victim of reverse discrimination. He's a victim of simple discrimination. If that he were black and the 16 candidates were white would there be any question of what was done in that situation or whether it was a right or wrong

situation. Preferential treatment has always existed in college admissions procedures whether it be accepting a star athlete in Iran nice child or a gifted musician. Commissioner Rodriguez questions why front of action on the basis of race has become so controversial. We've always had affirmative action for Jocks that affirmative action for people who've given a lot of money to colleges. I can go on and continue innovating the way we've had affirmative action for other groups in school. Interesting you know when we look at the affirmative action to college all of a sudden we get really nervous and we start saying those people taking our children. Finally on this part of the program we salute New Englanders who are off the beaten track. We've done interviews with a female animal trainer a sculptor who skulks in steam a man who gets musical sounds from his bicycle. And here a feature on a monthly postcard convention.

Well I think it's a form of American style. There was a golden age of cards from around 1900 to World War 1 and at that time we we had the finest ever produced. It was in Germany England and in this country. It is a hobby that has grown measurably in the last 10 years. I think it's partly because of the great interest in collecting that we find all over the country. Old furniture old books old paintings anything old people want to acquire. Yes. Thank you. She has so many different kinds of categories but every season someone special days such as St.

Patrick's Day Memorial Day series of ships military automobiles transportation all types of children. Some people like railroad stations airplanes. Back in just a few minutes with more highlights of GBH journal but first I want you all to remember that our number here is 4 9 2 1 1 1 1. And we are very busy raising $60000 in four days for our wonderful station WGBH radio Journal is a

labor of love for me I love working on GBH journal but it is also a labor of money I get paid among other people and there is equipment to be paid for travelling expenses that's just the journal making a radio station go takes a lot of money and we still have actually a hundred and twenty thousand dollars to raise between now and the end of August. These next four days are a kick off to make us all feel like we'll get there and we need your help now to get there the number again is 4 9 2 1 1 1 1. Bill and Amy there's another thing to bear in mind a program of this sort gives you a kind of flavor of the sort of thing present as a service to the community. And in this particular four day stretch we're really looking for new subscribers. Our subscribers who have been with us for many years now know what we do know what we're capable of doing and they regularly send in their contributions we're now looking for new people new subscribers new contributors and we're hoping that they will call 1 1 1 1 right now and make the most generous pledges they possibly can.

Really how many of you people out there listen to WGBH every day and you have never called for 9 2 1 1 1 want to pledge even $5 now $5 a month contribution in other words $5 each month which is a lot less. You might remember over the course of a year we'll get you immediately a subscription to prime time which is our program. More importantly it will support the only station quite like it anywhere. The number again is 4 9 2 1 1 1 1. Bear in mind that you can charge it Master Bank America just have your credit card number ready when one of the volunteers answers your call the number once again. 4 9 2 1 1 1 1. In line with our commitment to inner voice is not usually heard and begun to move

out into the neighborhoods of Boston to capture the flavor and to cover the issues which concern their residents. David Freud one of our reporters share his impressions of five of the city's communities. In early June we'll hear a little bit about three of them now. First an ethnic portrait of the north and right now what I was gonna brought up in the north but I'm moving back I love the area. What culture calls me back my people I love them. I'm Italian. Yes. People are very very friendly. They're not that is changing but all the rehabilitation. The only sad thing that's happened down here is that our old people are being forced out. What happens is an outsider comes in and buys a property renovate said. It's. Incredibly high. I'm still living here and I know why. We have what is

known as a. Way of Life. One time eight families were always open. I was coming from work. And I remarked about what a permeating the building. The. Woman who would come out. And ask me if I really did like that you know I guarantee you before I finish my own addition whatever I think the family back. Family and enjoy the closeness the upbringing of that means it's pretty rare today I guess people are fragmented they're living in the suburbs in different apartments they don't know what they're missing. When they divide themselves from their families because it's

all right so you want to do private things you could still do. You know we're coming a long time. And if you lose everything then what is there no good hope. Like all time. My children this is my pleasure. Right. I love my city. Beautiful. Why only myself. What do you put into the. Show. In. Secret. Could you be more specific.

Next the imposed community of the Charles Street Jail. Just wait for the day to get out. You know it's a slow system the system is backed up with different cases and everything you just you know is going to going to cope with. The visit. You know they stink because you know they get a big screen and they really can't really talk to you is like say like my girl comes up and I talk to a through the screening thing and it's frustrating. You know it's really frustrating and like to walk with a different tack business you know. You know the grass and you know hold hands. Stuff like that. I think that's a very important relationship with you. Because it's really nothing to talk about. You know I mean you are in jail and there's really nothing happening but your same old routine you know you get up in the morning

you walk around you go to bed. So there's really nothing to talk about. The guards hear a lot of them. I think really petty. Petty efficiency we don't have to really be you know you can talk to you. Quite a few times. A day. So I don't. Have to do it and I don't have a problem. I don't know where I come in I forget about your business and do what you. Say mind your business. If you don't mind. Well if you don't mind if a lot of things can happen.

In any make if you don't make a take out of you. When I come by myself you know how to make. Sure that I'm not a fish. And if I don't do it. But if I'm not sure if I do something. In the Charles Street Jail. And finally the philosophical nutritional community of the Boston Food for. 64 cents for 30. Right.

Three years ago. Kind of an honor system here about eating munchies and reporting a membership organization at the end of the year of a loss everybody as a member takes the loss. You're only hurting yourself if you don't most people. There's a lot more creative ways that people forget. About this much much more. Yeah I really enjoy eating at least once or twice a day.

And if you want to enjoy your food. Good food tastes good the day out of the market and somewhere you can't get in other places as well as the radio. I would say there's about forty eight or fifty people marching around. Most people are shopping there are people who are doing their work hours now. Couple babies in the store a couple family that's one thing we have a lot of new poll numbers this year. There must be at least a half a dozen new boys for. Visiting a very healthy family if one thousand member Boston Food Co-op. It also lives. With. The years 1951 to the present have been crucial ones for our community and our world.

With radio trying to keep up with the pace in serving Greater Boston all these years well over a quarter century and has been our most reliable. Today he remembers highlights of station history. All time is here the story of WGBH divides into two epochs for the fire and after the fire. If I happened on a 10th anniversary October fourteen thousand nine hundred sixty one it destroyed our first home that massed at 84 Mass Ave no destruction was total I have a memento of it. The charred remains of a single scrap which a colleague salvaged out of the debris. But the five for the continuity of WGBH our FM radio programs were interrupted for only a single day. That's easy to remember because the file was a Thursday night does it was the day we ran the Mars symphony. A preview of the Friday concert by Jay Wallace Woodworth. It was always repeated Saturday afternoon as tonight's symphony. This pattern of

repeating feature programs has been a characteristic of WGBH. If you found you'd missed an important program you got a second chance. The fire destroyed our table woodies Thursday program leaving nothing to repeat Saturday but on reading of the fire in Friday morning's paper a listener from upstate drove in with his own recording of the Thursday program and with his tape machine to play it on for as he suspected. His tape would not fit our machine. So tonight symphony was played on schedule a Saturday afternoon. What is audience. Didn't miss a beat. The aftermath of the fire was an adventure neighborliness the Catholic broadcasting station on Bay State Road offered its facilities. I remember the drive over every night from months to broadcast our 6 o'clock news a simulcast on our TV and FM until they had a fire and then Bob Washburn offered space in the basement of his Science Museum until our new building was finished with contributions of a million and a half dollars. Within a year the five.

For WGBH had become a way of life to many thousands of these contributors who adjusted their domestic activities to our schedules. Statistics are all but one of ours I think is spectacular. Last month Belle Cavendish finished reading Martin Chuzzlewit on his daily reading aloud programme after one hundred three half hour readings. That was not his record. War and Peace occupied his reading aloud programme for one hundred forty three half hours. He started the programme in one thousand fifty eight with Dr Zhivago when Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature but refused it under severe pressure. Well thought people would be interested to hear the book The Soviets didn't want heard. The response led him to keep on reading books he read the entire book. He wanted to bridge it. If a book is worth reading it's worth reading all he holds and his listeners include some blind crippled elderly or remote from a library who depend on his reading. Immediately after is almost seven o'clock waiting Bill cavernous is

often drafted to play a character part in the junior book program. The spider's web at 7:30. Grandma ties his children's books. This began at 970 WGBH now syndicated to over 80 other FM stations its programs cost of variable numbers a performance sometimes two sometimes half a dozen for the more populated books The produces clever Han and yards more NC draft members of the station staff and sometimes call in supers from a little list of volunteers. The year of the cavernous arrival is a benchmark of an FM revival for FM radio was having a very thin time here and everywhere. Not only had television captured the top interest of the public but also the broadcast industry which definitely discouraged Af-Am the commercials now and it was am the TRAI preferred one line that too little was done to develop the quality of FM sets. Who's most remembered quality was that drifting out of focus. A lethal

blow was the Federal Communications shifting of the bands available for Afghans before the Second World War famine. Many signed bands 42 to 50. This was changed 88 to 100 names and that of course made existing sets obsolete in their programming too was apt to be uninspiring for most FM stations were operated by colleges or churches with scant resources for all these causes the number of FM stations in the United States had shrunk by half. From 1948 to about 500 in the mid 50s. WGBH manager Parker Wheatley had started his own career in FM radio. He wasn't willing to let our radio become the often child of a television station to undertake a restoration he thought of an energetic young Texan who'd been briefly on the staff until called into service. Parker brought Jack Summerfield back and some of the other brought with him a Texas University classmate already in radial Bell cabinets.

Their fresh approach soon had an impact on the train. Zenith by then was about the only company still making FM sets Zenith features table model it the name the symphony. After our concert probably. This market began to expand with the stimulus of our improved programming backed by the enterprise of Hartford gun weekly successor which was to lead to guns becoming present in the Public Broadcasting System. John expanded the reach of our programs through a system of connections that became the eastern Educational Network. All FM stations were then called educational. His first network program in 1959 was transmitted through the University of New Hampshire station connections followed with the other New England state universities. The Albany Medical College and radio stations in Philadelphia New York and for a time in Washington manufacturers began making FM sets again. Some in the trade said WGBH had saved

them from extinction. Perhaps the most ambitious of its new programs was an hour weekly called the creative mind. This brought such an original thinkers as Frank Lloyd Wright and Sean Margaret Mead. To our audiences in interviews by Lyman Bryson This was followed by another serious their creative method that examined the creative process. These interviews were discussions in depth that might last two and a half hours to be edited to an hour of their time. This technique of reducing an extended interview to its core substance is one that we now use on a smaller scale every day. It eliminates the opening warmup and any drafting to a relevant conversation. It saves both the listener's time and the air time that the station doesn't have and owning of course can be abused. Her bloc once protested of a program with Sen. Eastland that his sharpest minds and the senator's dumbest were cut out. The advantage of a live broadcast is that it can't be meddled with.

But the take then though you have honestly and skillfully edited can be sharpened by cutting taping on WGBH to present the Senate Watergate hearings and prime Evening Times. Over the years it's kept our programming flexible enough to cover crucial congressional hearings displacing its regular schedule for them. Most recent such event was the Senate Panama debate. Long time listeners will remember such a landmark programs as in the Suez crisis of 1957 when we were sitting up all night listening to the U.N. emergency session called to stop a war. Jack some of the left around another radio station. Neither the first nor the last of able young broadcaster developed at WGBH who moved on to richer pastures. Many a commercial station is in debt to WGBH as the nursery of its town but built cabinets stayed he'd become a switch battered producer Sam program's performer of others as of course our other

seasoned staffers in 1966 he began a program of classical music that Altman the day at seven o'clock and lasted all morning in 970 Robert lets him a took over this problem years ago program among his innovations was to wake up the audience with record birdsongs. His devotion to music extended problem music a seven days a week. The station had added Saturday to its air time the year before. Now we're on the air 24 hours a day. Ron Della key is that fills three of those hours with his music an America program that he started last September from 12:30 to 3:30 in the afternoon. He presents the infinite variety of American music operator jazz accompanied by his own infectious enthusiasm about music and musicians. Music of course has been a sustaining element of WGBH from its first broadcasts in Symphony Hall on the voice of its announcer William Pierce has long been familiar

as the voice of the symphony in 1066 we carried the first four broadcast of The Pops and two years later its first live stereo broadcast since 1970 the WGBH production of The Pops has been broadcast nationally on both TV and FM. I GBH journals that's putting on this program represents an evolution toward a newspaper of the era and earlier form was a kaleidoscope a weekly magazine of the arms in 1066 Elena stout gave it a larger dimension under the more expansive named pan Technicolor. And with a grant from the master it's counsel for the Arts and Humanities. In 1975 converted it to a daily that embraced the cultural activities of the region and involved most of the radio staff. Last year a further metamorphosis gave it a more journalistic aspect as the GBH Journal which introduces two hours of news and features daily its own half hour starting at

4:30 leads into an hour and a half of the national public radio program all things considered the most comprehensive network program anywhere. Though we come to the close of GBH Journal highlights some examples from our ongoing young and growing weekday public affairs show. This program is produced by my hero is helping a lot of people like you or any fans Maureen Keller the engineer and many thanks to build music. And many other thanks to everyone else working on the show. And so for the journal I mean the sands and I'm Bill Cadmus. Friday is a fine time for fundraising so call us at or 9 to 1 1 1 1.

Well we're coming up on 5 o'clock now on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED is scheduled for that time today as every day I'd like to tell you a little something about doing radio remember again our numbers 4 9 2 1 1 1 1 and we're trying to raise $60000 and there's a lot of people out there who have not called for 9 2 1 1 1 1 so let's hear from you and about doing radio. We do a lot of talking to you. You know and you don't do too much talking back we get a few letters and a few phone calls but you really on the whole we don't hear too much from you. Now this is your chance to talk back to GBH radio but where are you. We're trying to raise $60000 and you know how much we've raised. One thousand one hundred forty four dollars. The number is 4 9 2 1 1 1 1 How are we going to raise $60000 in four days. At this rate 4 9 2 1 1 1 1 I think the problem that I have you know with nobody calling it that it makes me feel for all the caring I put into the work I do. But you don't really care much back you know and it's hard to

just constantly be putting out and putting out putting out and never hearing back. So it would really be good for me if you call for 9 2 1 1 1 1 I particularly would appreciate it if I could hear a little bit from people who haven't called before. OK. You may have been listening for years or months or days to WGBH radio. But now is the time to call for 9 to 1 1 1 pledge whatever you can Bill. I just like to re-emphasize something you just said. That is that we are particularly addressing this essentially four day span of summer green to new subscribers. People who have not been with us before would know that our friends who've been with us before who have contributed before will continue to contribute. They know that a contribution of twenty dollars or more will automatically get them prime time for example a monthly program guide carrying listings I've GBH radio and travels to and 44 and feature stories like this and David Ayers and so forth. If we

get enough of these contributions we can soft pedal some of these fundraising strategies but we really are looking for people who have not been with us before. And all of our people who are listening our friends who've been with us before of course know the number 4 9 2 1 1 1 1. But that's a new number. There's also a long distance number if you're outside this area Call want then 800 then 6 4 8 5 3 2 1 800 6 4 8 5 3 2 1. But for everybody that's really living close in the GBH and there are plenty of you know the numbers 4 9 2 1 1 1 1 coming up now and all things considered local broadcast of all things considered is made possible in part by a grant from the general had found and they said WGBH in Boston from National Public Radio in Washington I'm Barbara And I'm Susan Stamberg with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I think as a nation should we can should man. For

gravity. I think that if you shorten people's attention span a great deal you are left with only the attraction of power. And finally.