Public Television Hearings

To build those facilities under title Why. The secretary of Health Education and Welfare can assign a certain amount of money in order to enable that construction. They say up to 75 percent of the cost. Now if it grants this money and they construct this station and then it appears that because of the topography involved. The signal does not get to the hole then under Title 2. Under Title 2. And also under the investigations of Title 3 if it has to do with instructional television I don't see why they are prohibited or inhibited or prevented. From considering the subject that you are laying before us today without using the word translator. Because the minute you begin to use one device and that's been my argument here right along and I guess you know this better than I do. The minute you begin to particularize you're apt to leave something out which is essential to look

and I think what we ought to do here is draw a language that is general enough and strong enough to include what you're talking about if it's in the public interest. Would you agree with that judge. Yes I do. We we simply want to hear of this. Well I've been talking about. We want to hear another word you want to get off your chest and you can rest assured that we don't need your dollar we don't get a chance to holler messmate very often. Well we want to thank you. No you haven't completed yet have you. Well this last paragraph on the corporation One last thought you're setting up a corporation with 15 members the bill would have. All of these men appointed by the president confirmed by you gentlemen of the Senate to make this an actual day to day working entity. Might it not be well to have at least five members of this corporation graphically spaced and taken from the ranks of those educational stations which will be working with the product

in affairs of this corporation on a day to day basis. Might this not make for greater workability and final report. Well these members should be selected by their fellow educational broadcasters appointed by the president or perhaps rotated so they don't learn the workings of the corporation we leave your good judgment to members of our organization Colorado passed a resolution on this bill Senator Levin 60 of the meeting held April 16th we attached to our this to our comments as they ask that all peoples and communities down to one thousand population be covered by a single educational system before a second system be established for Metro USA. We believe this is a sound criteria for any expansion or growth that will take place out of this bill. Thank you sir. Thank you very much Judge and I instruct the staff to lift this presentation out of the record and send it down the FCC for their comments. Thank you very much Judge. Is this debate never here

right here in Iowa here. Alright alright it would do and they come for you. This will be a substitute witness for the director of the American Federation of Labor leaders apologize Congress really doesn't realize we're safe and that's important to my name is Ed last month. I'm legislative representative of the AFL CIO Mr. Chairman and I'm appearing in behalf of the AFL CIO to express our unqualified support for S11 60 the public television Act of 1967 in our view this is basically an education bill. As such it is a worthy companion and an essential supplement to the splendid series of educational measures and acted by the Congress during the last several years. These earlier message measures as you know broadened and strengthened the nation's school system from kindergarden to postgraduate levels. While there is still more that remains to be done in this field there will always be more.

The statutes now on the books have gone a long way toward the fulfillment of the ultimate goal of truly equal educational opportunity for all regardless of race creed national origin or economic status. The AFLCIO was and is among the most vigorous supporters of these measures. Education has been my primary concern of the labor movement since the first unions were formed some hundred seventy five years ago. It is in that same spirit that we support the bill before you. Let me say at this point that we are pleased that S11 60 also covers radio. The NFL CIO itself makes extensive use of radio. And we know that while it is overshadowed in the public mind by the glamour of television it remains an extra important meet. The field of educational television.

We're sure it's a useful tool and we're fully in favor of its wider availability and cost of these hearings have always been asking people to damp microphones close to them. Like they're a little bit like I am. So move it away from here we have fleas you can spot it once upon a time I was a radio broadcaster and I have a tin of oyster. Our chief interest is in the broader aspect a noncommercial television establishment wholly free to concentrate on public interest rather than private profit. In saying this We are in no way attacking the concept of private profit in commercial television. I personally agree with those who complain that too often television programming is aimed at the lowest common denominator in terms of taste and intellectual content. On the other hand I'm not at all sure I'd be happy with the

kind of programming which some of these critics seem to have in mind. I don't know if we could trust them to give proper attention to the Redskins or the Green Bay Packers even without those phony timeouts. The fact is the tastes differ in television and everywhere else. However broadcasting is in a category by itself compared to other enterprises. The air television or radio air belongs to all the people of the United States. The broadcasters are not owners of the medium in which they operate they are licensees who are pledged to devote a reasonable amount of their broadcasting day to programs that serve the public interest. We believe this is a proper requirement which is all too often ignored and which should be more vigorously enforced. However even if this were done there would be a need for another approach represented by as 11 60 viewers and listeners ought to have a choice. A wider choice than they now have and a wider choice than tell of the commercial television can reasonably be expected to offer.

A moment ago I mentioned the Redskins and the Packers. What about those who prefer serious music or serious drama. Two Sundays ago I believe it was the senators were playing the White Sox on Channel 9 Philadelphia and San Francisco were fighting it out in the basketball playoffs on Channel 7 and a lot of our soccer team was making its debut on channel 2. The other choices were a detective story in a couple of old movies. There are millions of citizens who prefer sports and situation comedy to loftier programs. The commercial networks and the advertisers can't be blamed too harshly for giving them what they want. But there should also be available in every community television and radio programs that are selling nothing but their own content programs that can experiment that can innovate without fear that one bad guess will cause an angry sponsor to put them off the air. This we are convinced will come about through passage of S11 60. Other countries have tried other methods and some the government exercises complete control over broadcasting and others

commercial television is permitted but government television serves as the viewers alternatives. There is no need to dwell on the first of these since Americans quite rightly would not tolerate it. The second isn't much better for it offers a choice only between big business and big brother. No matter how scrupulous a government operation tried to be or in fact was it couldn't escape the label. Therefore we warmly welcome the approach embodied in the bill you are now considering and independent cooperation established and supported in part by the federal government but free of government control. We do recommend very strongly that one member of the governing body be named from the labor movement the largest single group of viewers and listeners in the nation. This independent corporation would be charged only if I may paraphrase the bill with the duty of making available to all Americans the kind of programs that will enrich as well as amuse edified as well as entertain. This we

believe could well be the most effective stride ever taken toward adult education. What a better informed citizenry. And even the improvement of public taste is jamming we in the AFLCIO are keenly conscious of the great impact of television and its immense potential for good or evil to those who see only evil in it now we say that a far greater evil would have been its perversion to the service of the state. You have to realize its potential for good. Viewers must have a better and freer choice. This is what has 11 60 offers and we hope you will get your prompt approval. Thank you very much for a splendid statement of we want to thank you for coming. Thank you very much Jim. Judge Propes Mr Probst is chairman of the board of broadcasters foundation Incorporated that's located in New York City. He's now taking his seat. Thank you for granting the request of sander Harkey that I testified before your

committee Senator Harkin has urged me to appear and share with the subcommittee my thoughts and conclusions. Consequently my statement is quite lengthly. But I wish to make it complete and far's its written record. I shall paraphrase it but I request that the entire statement be incorporated in the record that Ossie actions lauded and we appreciate that day. So listen Danielle Placido I would like to begin by saying how important I think it is that you are deliberating upon this bill at this time. I think this is the most difficult interesting and important problem which confronts the country and I think everything depends on it. I think everything depends on improving education and arranging for more adequate information for our citizens to have and to use to create again the many communities which used to be the pride of American

society. My life's work has been concerned with improving broadcasting and education. I'm presently chairman of the board of trustees the broadcasting Foundation of America and an associate professor of American history at New York University and executive director of the National Commission for coopted education. By the way I've just returned yesterday from a statewide meeting in Oregon on quality of education which was chaired by Senator Morse and I'm most happy to report to you his interest in this hearing and his interest and the work that you're doing. I would like to say that I think that the Government's policy of trying to put a man on the moon is easier than the problems that you're trying to solve in this particular bill and this particular effort. I think however because there is a national crisis in urban education and because our children become what they behold that this is a more important

problem than putting a man on the moon. I'd like to draw my own conclusions out of my past experience which needs me to specify some aspects of my work in order to explain somewhat why I come to the conclusions that I do. I was a director of the University of Chicago round table for 12 years and at the same time I was a teacher and a professor of American history in the college at the University of Chicago. This was an NBC network public affairs program every Sunday afternoon that was financed by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. We had an enormous number of advantages. We had courageous university administration of Mr. Hutchings. We had the Sloan Foundation support that gave us enough money so that was the only adequately financed educational radio program of the time. Third we had the coast to coast facilities of the NBC Radio Network and the trust and confidence of general Sarnoff who was very proud of this weekly

series. We also had the trust and confidence of many members of the Senate Senator Robert Taft a truly great man appeared upon the program frequently. And I remember with pride his saying it was the only discussion program that he would come to the day before and spend dinner and talk because he would meet such people as role I block and Beardsley Rommel and other leading economists and be able to have a chance to engage in a seminar on topics of porn's that were confronting the sun. And finally we had the brains and imagination of one of the great university faculties of the world an advisory committee which met once every three weeks or 15 members in my state when I list some of the examples of the membership. But I want to use an example here to the specifier recommendation later on. Mr. Hutchens was succeeded by a man who told me that he didn't believe in adult education because he'd never seen an adult educated as a result of it. And in his judgment he said the universe around table is bad

public relations for the University of Chicago because a listener may hear some things which is pleasing but there are other listeners who hear something that angers and a man who is angry never forgets and creates a lot of people who are unfriendly to the University of Chicago. Under the influence of this judgment. After a time of support from the faculty what's kept the program on the air. The universe called around table perished after 21 years of broadcasting. Perished under the aegis of timid university administration which however possessed the same attitudes of the great majority of the university and college administrators especially this leadership feels and probably their right they feel that they have enough public relations and fund raising problems without. Adding the difficulties which arise in connection with an activity to accomplish relevant and controversial public and educational broadcasting. So Mary describe another example of the same kind of difficulty

because I think it bears a very very sharply upon an issue which is raised. How is the membership of the board. A corporation of public television to be created in 1950. Miss free to Haneke was a member of the Federal Communications Commission. I want to have television channel set aside for education. She was regarded by many educators as an educated impractical and a kook. She got her law degree and night school in New York City. I regarded her over as a brilliant and devoted public servant and I'm proud to say that she was one of my closest friends. Heads of colleges and universities didn't see how it would be possible to get the money to operate educational television stations when in the summer of 950 I was informed by Mr. Hutchinson as a prospect that Mr. Paul Hoffman Mr. Hutchens would become the leadership of the Ford Foundation and I knew they both had great interest in communications Mr. Paul Hoffman as a member of the University of Chicago

trustees and I became convinced that the Federal Communications Commission would reserve television channels that the merits of the case and the importance of the situation were such that there was a very good chance the Ford Foundation would take leadership in supporting the creation of educational television stations. So in November 1950 I accepted my request that I help or efforts and organizing became chairman the Finance Committee the National Association of educational broadcasters which provided all the funds for the Joint Committee on educational television to present the case. These funds paid for the Legal Services the monitoring studies and bringing scores of witnesses to Washington. Sen. John Brecher and George Meany were among those we succeeded in interesting in telling the FCC this should be done. But when I telephoned all the presidents of all the universities in the Big Ten at the time I was unable to get a single one of them to join two other university presidents Mr. Hutchens Mr. Gustafson of the University of Nebraska and signing a letter which requested support for our efforts. They all had too many

public relations problems to permit them to come out in favor of educational television and 1050 into day one and they were too pinched by budget factors. So I am for sized seems to me this experience indicates that we simply are not going to get the leadership from university and college presidents and boards of trustees to create the public broadcasting function of Mr. Fred Friendly is asking for the University of Chicago around tables in a typical case of a courageous university administration. The New York Times reports the Columbia University trustees do not want to accept the risks of public controversy which will accompany an affiliation of Mr. Friendly and 10 million dollars of Ford Foundation money for public TV broadcasting. Therefore the project is shifted to any t. I think this is an example of the usual case. It also I think is an example that shows why it is that the commercial television networks have done the more significant and the more important controversial public broadcasts more controversial in the

educational television station. Mr. friendlies publicly valuable programs on a commercial television network many of them commercially sponsored. I refer to the creation origin of any tea in the next passage and make the comment that it's been crippled for years for lack of funds and as a result has been unable to do the job that it really should do and which fortunately this bill now proposes to make possible we accomplish. It seems to me that Mr friendly has done us all a great service and reap porting to us his rich administrative experience and we must all be in debt to him for his account shows us the commercial television networks do not have the money to enable them to be free to serve the general welfare. Which was what Madison says makes it possible to look forward after adequate public discussion to the passage of laws that reconcile the conflicting claims of our society. They have

stockholders and they can't serve the general welfare freely. But we live in 67 with the gross national product of seven hundred fifty billion dollars of a trouble society of 200 million people who form to their surprise a world power and in the communications field. The FCC is operating under a directive to regulate the public interest convenience in the sense of a a phrase that was adopted verbatim from the canal boat legislation regulation rates in the 1830s. It's an inadequate directive. Difficult as it is to do we must create a communications policy and structure that will assist us directly to solve the difficult problems we face on every side. Mary turned for a moment to pray to Hannah and the struggle. To reserve TV channels for education and tell a story. That impressed me very much. On the occasion of when I had dinner with her on the evening of the day March 22nd second 1951 when the FCC announced the

temporary reservation of TV channels. Miss Henniker that evening told me that she had been so concerned the FCC would not approve the setting aside of TV channels Brads occasion that she would inform President Truman of her conviction that this proposal was doomed to defeat. Ms Haneke told me that President Truman had then communicated with the FCC members and told them in a White House meeting that of course they were members of an independent regulatory commission and that the executive branch of the government could not in any way affect their actions. However Truman went on to say that if the proposal for the reservation TV channels for education were defeated on the day of that decision he would appear on a special national television programme that evening and personally and individually denounce each FCC member who had voted against education. I wish to italicize the conclusion we did not achieve TV channels for education because of any proposals or support from commercial broadcasters. They

opposed it strongly in one thousand fifty fifty one fifty two. For many years thereafter we did not win the channels because of support for the heads of colleges and universities. They were an interest we did not win on the merits of the case we presented good that was the case was won because there were some officials in Washington who believe they were paid our salary to act on behalf of the general welfare. There is such a thing. Madison and Jefferson believed in it and I believe its the only promise that we can act from and organize the consensus to make the values of public television come true. One further instance of this is historical background relates very closely to this present but all in 50 51. When the television channels are reserved. We presented witnesses and before the FCC and argued that there was a precedence set in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. When the Congress of the Confederation set aside for the support of education one section

of land in each township in the Northwest Territory. If the Founding Fathers could set aside 136 of the good prairie land of the north west for education the FCC could also act to allocate for education a part of the spectrum of the invisible broadcast frequencies. The FCC made a temporary reservation but was not possessed of the power to provide any funds. So we had an incomplete duplication of a great president. And it wasn't until 10 years later under your leadership Mr. Chairman the leadership of Senator Magnussen that any action was taken to really fill out this precedent. I turned then to the present problem that faces you and wish to say I vigorously concur with the recommendation made in S. 11 68 that the president appoint the members of the corporation subject to the approval of the Senate. It seems to me that the procedure that you have for review hearing approval or veto in which

100 senators have an opportunity to look into the problem of background and appropriateness of each of the members of this 15 man commission provides what the founding fathers really would regard as a satisfactory process of deliberation. And I should like to cite what is for me an appropriate historical precedent. When George Washington died is well provided for for considerable gifts from these a state to the federal government to be used by the establishment of the University of the United States. But Congress invested this money in the bonds of a Potomac river canal company and the money was all lost. Nothing was ever done. I draw your attention the George Washington thought Congress was an appropriate institution to establish and supervise and control a great university. I hope that the members of the Corporation for Public Television would frame their work and responsibility in the broadest terms. I hope they would conceive of the corporation as George Washington I'm sure would have

conceived as a great national institution to serve all the people since not Congress never carried out Washington's desire that they establish a universe the United States. I hope the congressman might now think of the proposed Corporation for Public Television as a university for all of people. And as the kind of modernist a touche in which President Washington will recommend to meet the needs of today. I hope that the board members of this new corporation would notice what some of the countries abroad are doing that the Japanese have three nationwide radio networks and two national television networks devoted to education and at the same time there isn't Japan alongside it a thriving and prosperous commercial broadcasting industry. I think the United States should do as well as the Japanese. I think we should set up through this corporation diversity of network of public and educational programme services. There is great need for this. There's a need for a television station service that will present the local school board

meetings the city council meetings the state legislative meetings the budget hearings all the places where the decisions are made that affect the lives of people locally. We need to have a device developed so citizens can have knowledge of the Menin issues which shape the quality of their lives. We need to decide to make use of some television stations in attempt to acquaint citizens with their fellow citizens and the needs with they have who can know Chicago New York Detroit today without our developing the intelligent use of TV to assist in the task. May I take a moment to acquaint you with the only instance in which I know this kind of public television which I'm referring to was actually ever tried at the local level. In the early 1950s a commercial television station in Oklahoma City set aside two hours a day five days a week to present live sessions of the Oklahoma state legislature. The effect was remarkable. There was a great increase of interest in state issues. The city newspapers found it useful to devote more space to the

background of the issues being debated and reporting the way the vote went which was taken after the TV coverage for the day had ceased. The Oklahoma legislators began to prepare more carefully their speeches because they were to appear on television and the quality of the argument and the information given rose to a higher level. However after about four months the commercial TV station found sponsors for entertainment programs that replaced this legislative coverage. But there are people in Oklahoma City. I was down there a year ago and had lunch with an office of the Obama Gas and Electric Company. He still talks 15 years later about how remarkable and how excellent this kind of service was. Well needless to say why should a university or college presidents feel responsible for creating this kind of a situation. I am lead because I think the need for us to do something as soon as possible to suggest and propose seriously that in the first year to Congress

appropriate money to enable the president subject to annual review to purchase 200 million dollars worth of public and educational television at a cost of a dollar per year percent doesn't which is of course less than the price of one movie Admission per year from the commercial broadcasting networks and the educational broadcasters. This might serve as a useful interim measure to get the programming we need now rather than have to wait the 5 or 10 or 15 years it'll take to develop the new national structure a broadcasting service that will better serve our needs. The president might possibly I suggest inform each of the network or educational broadcasting groups that he wants them to provide as much public and or educational broadcasting in the 12 month period as it is possible for them to create and present with the amount of money that he allocates to them. In other words there would be no insertion of political control. Performance could be reviewed by the board members of the Corporation for Public Television

and then based on their recommendation and evaluation. The president and Congress could decide whether to do this again and continue it in the following years. I propose a suggestion because money alone is not going to buy the improved TV radio service that we desire. And because there are many many talented people in commercial broadcasting with brains and experience who should actively participate in an effort to improve the quality of what we see and hear in American broadcasting. This recommendation rests on my many years of doing public. And Affairs broadcasting for NBC. The Mutual Broadcasting System of Columbia Broadcasting System and also doing the same kind of programming for the National Association of educational broadcasters. I take consequently an inclusive point of view towards the whole national service. I turn to brief consideration on one organization that I played a part in establishing 11 years ago.

The broadcasting Foundation of America there is described in my statement its service in the international field and how it works through serving about 200 commercial stations and a hundred educational stations. And this is each week programs come from 40 different countries to our office are then duplicated and distributed to other countries. I suggested radio as an important feature of this purport peroration future activities and particularly in the international field that the FAA as a pilot model is an illustration of what needs to be done on a larger scale. I turn then to page 16. There are many educational broadcasters who know that with additional adequate funds they could play an important part in helping citizens solve problems and find more satisfaction and leisure. There are many responsible people the American commercial broadcasting industry

who want to serve their community better. Both groups both groups are operating under limitations quote Due to circumstances beyond their control and a quote which creates cynicism and apathy. And the broadcasters and the public. The time has come to look anew in arrays a standard to which we can repair. I very much hope that the philosophy of this bill is followed and that we don't let this basic issue disappear in a fog of discussion and tactical struggle about whether concepts should play a certain role and release money. I hope we don't see the appearance of the cliché about America as the greatest broadcasting system in the world why change it because after all who has gone abroad in this rapidly changing world specifically to find out if it is true. Things are changing too fast. If I may use my favorite illustration about how fast things are changing. My grandmother was born three years before Custer's last stand and died

five years after Hiroshima. And in a society which is changing as rapidly as that it just we've just got to re-examine this structure of communication. There are many many avenues that this corporation might analyze and look into. I suggest one as a possibility should our corporations be allowed to take tax deduction of the cost of presenting public television programs. They can now deduct the cost of making contributions to a university or college. What we want need is as much diversity of origin of programming sources we can secure. Why not look into the possible advantages of an cured courage in corporations in accordance to careful limitations devised and recommended by the Corporation for Public Television. Allow them to pay for public television programmes and educational programmes on commercial stations. Perhaps the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company might buy the time to prevent sent the Oklahoma legislature two hours a week on a commercial station.

And why don't we regard that as a contribution to the public welfare and be allowed to let them deduct the cost from taxable income as a contribution to education. The whole problem is one of balance and proportion. Nobody wants to abolish the entertainment structure and service we have. The problem is to expand the mix of programming that we have and how to get this done in the most desirable way. I believe that policies direct to the cheating this goal could win the support of the commercial broadcasting industry when they've been developed and explained by the Corporation for Public Television which has been so widely suggested by the Carnegie Commission and recommended by President Johnson. Let's hope leadership will appear leadership like. This head of. President Truman Sen. Magnussen Sen Pastorius other people who are interested in this who are in our Congress at the present time. It's leadership like this that's bold and wise it cares greatly about the quality of the TV and radio communication service in our

society that enable us to be done with the canal boat communications philosophy. Thank you. I want to thank you for a very comprehensive and well thought out statement. My. Off the cuff impression would be that contributions made to this corporation would be tax deductible but I'm instructing our staff to consult with the Justice Department to find out if that is so and documented in the record. I think that ought to be established as I understand the contributions made to. Educational stations today are tax deductible. What if land presented on a commercial station why can't you have such bets right there. That's right unless it's a business expense. Thank you very very much like I'm next witnesses Mrs Edward F. Ryan. Mrs. Ryan as chairman for legislation of then I want to say for the record it misses the latest

sham and for legislation of the National Congress of parents and teachers. She is from Massachusetts. Choose the first name Mrs. Right. Thank you Mr. Chairman and. Members of the subcommittee. We appreciate very much this opportunity to represent to you the very deep concern of national PTA for the improvement of noncommercial educational radio and television Mrs Edward F. Ryan of Magister Massachusetts chairman for legislation of the National Congress of parents and teachers whose membership numbers more than 11 million are concerned the individual at the microphone. Yes they are concerned for improving the quality of television fare and for bringing educational television to all people of the United States is probably one of the most widespread among our membership of all our interests in behalf of families and children.

Twice in the last three years our national conventions. Have adopted resolutions calling upon mass media agencies to raise their own standards of ethics morals and program quality for nearly eight years. We have furnished members and other subscribers with evaluations of current television programs as to suitability and value for Children Youth and Families. And third we have developed and widely publicized criteria for evaluating television and other programs. These measures have helped numerous families with their own children. But in all candor their effect on commercial programming has not been visible all too often programs we praise fail in high enough. Nielsen ratings to stay. We have looked to a noncommercial television as a more responsive and fruitful source of programs based on acceptable values. Our state branches have given much assistance to the establishment of local and regional noncommercial.

No educational television stations sometimes and supporting necessary legislation sometimes in a rousing general public support. Additionally large numbers of local PTA have given necessary assistance to school systems and taking advantage of available instructional television. Again sometimes in furnishing equipment for demonstration projects and thereafter in developing public support. There were great hopes for television as an educational instrument and it is well known to this committee I am sure that the reality has fallen short. For commercial television high quality programmes mean monetary loss for noncommercial television the reason we believe has been insufficient funds insufficient time and talent available for planning and preparation of programmes. Best known and probably most successful of noncommercial television programming have been documentaries. Live coverage of current events and cultural events such as symphonies

ballet some place but even these are by no means given the framework they would command in a commercial production or the technical advantages their value warrants. In another area the dramatic presentation of important and challenging ideas we have seen a particular promise in educational television and there have been just enough outstanding programmes in television history to enliven our hopes. It seems to us there are many important ideas in issues which warrant presentation of this caliber in the only media which will reach large portions of our population. And there is no substitute for professional time and talent and presentation of even the best ideas. For instance very many state and local PTA groups have been among the numerous beneficiaries of the public service requirement of commercial radio television stations and we found the station managers generous with their allocations within desirable time schedules.

People knowledgeable in the matters at issue are used but there is not available for us or any other such groups. The sort of assistance necessary to bring about a really effective presentation such efforts often enjoy a mild success their audience tends to be limited to those already knowledgeable and interested. The discussion format is generally used as most lively for the least money in which it is almost accidental. If the most important points are made and made in such a way that the various sides of an issue are clear to the listener. It seems to us in national PTA that the presentation of issues central to our society the welfare of our families and of children in such a way that thoughtful consideration is aroused in the viewer or that new ideas entered into their minds to enrich their lives warrants dedication of resources comparable to those commonly lavished on programs designed only to entertain and pass the time. We have therefore welcome the

recent proposals to increase the available resources for Educational Television. We most warmly support Senate 11:16 and its proposals to improve facilities and program resources for both educational television and educational radio. We feel it is important that educational radio be included in this measure for its ability to accomplish so much public service at low cost. Its facility for live coverage and its potential for substituting the imagination of the listener for elaborate productions. We very warmly approve the declaration of policy that encouragement of noncommercial educational radio television broadcasting including their instructional use is in the public interest that their expansion and development depend on both local and national freedom imagination and initiative but are also of appropriate concern to the federal government. We approve the provisions for the nonprofit

corporation for public television and its purposes. We note and approved that. Coordinate with the studies to be undertaken by the corporation. The president has directed the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to conduct experiments on the requirements for a communication satellite system. It is our view that these opportunities should not be lost to secure for educational noncommercial television and radio. The advantages of advancing technology including interconnections through the means of communication satellites. We would suggest further that the financing of improved facilities and programs not be limited to one or two or three methods. Recognizing the special interests of viewers and broadcasters as well as of the general public in the public's Airways we would recommend the consideration for the future not only of appropriated funds but also of earmark taxes upon receivers attacks on commercial station

licenses. The proposed share of savings from the use of communication satellites and the acceptance of private buttons. We would express a concern that the present pioneers of so much that is promising an educational television and radio be fully utilized in plant and exploration for the future. That the flexibility of program management which the provisions of Senator Levin 60 seem to contemplate remain a prime consideration. That the appropriation of nineteen and a half million dollars dollars which Senator Levin 60 proposes not be curtailed lest we find ourselves after the passing of this splendid opportunity in a position much like that of today great promise without the means of performance. We therefore hope very much that this measure is given the favorable report of your committee and we appreciate very greatly the opportunity of expressing these views.

Thank you very much Mrs. Ryan and I want to compliment you for what I consider to be a splendid statement and this committee is on a day to have had you. Thank you for coming. Now we have Miss Martha Gable. Mr Cable is director of instructional materials for the School District Of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. She is now taking her seat. You may proceed as gavel Mr. Chairman I am Martha Gable director of instruction materials of the Philadelphia public schools. And also the president of the tri state instructional broadcasting Council. And its executive director. This organization serves the schools within range of station Debbie h y y or educational station Philadelphia. These two individuals also concur with this statement. This statement and yesterday in Harrisburg Pennsylvania the Pennsylvania state educational television advisory committee expressed its support of the statements and thank you very much. As one who has been deeply

involved in radio and TV instruction since 1948. I appreciate very much his opportunity to appear before you to present several views in connection with 11 60 through the excellent services of Philadelphia's educational television station to our wide TV. I have been able to join thousands of other citizens in viewing the hearings before this committee. The actual testimony presented by distinguished leaders in broadcasting government and education has been impressive and enlightening. I applaud this bill and its intent to extend and strengthen the services of educational radio and television. Although there have been some differences expressed by those who have been heard I believe that the results of this bill if made will be of tremendous benefit. And it's provisions for support. Mr Sanders testimony eloquently described the values to be. Will which presently is used in a fragmented pattern and on a shoestring budget.

This statement today is focused on Title 3 which authorizes a study of instructional television and its relationship to educational television. There are several concerns I should like to express. One the proposed study represents a powerful influence which may shape the destiny of the uses of new technology in the educational process in our country in the next decade or even longer. Therefore under section 1 the persons organizations which are contracted to undertake the study are charged with the task of consummate importance. In all humility I should like to suggest that on the study team there be included those who possess an in-depth experience with a variety of instructional television operations. This study is different from the one on public television for it requires an intimate understanding of several elements. The relationship between the instructional TV and the teaching and learning process the procedures a programme preparation and for whom the programmes are prepared. The specific objectives of the instruction the role and involvement of the classroom teachers and their utilization techniques

and the relationship between the educators and the technical staff. Also the use of ITV to meet the myriad needs in a large urban center differs from the services planned for a smaller more homogeneous community. In other words I see for clarification of your special attention to the qualifications of those who will visit instructional television centers and urge that these be persons of a variety of competencies in the field of instructional television and with sufficient time to study rather than merely observe. Two in section 3 of two I am puzzled by item number four which singles out closed circuit television for particular attention. I concur with previous testimony which suggest that the study of instructional TV include all modes of distribution open and closed circuit and twenty five hundred MC singly and in combination. Section 3 0 2 Item 6 includes a study of new technology not now available in the teaching process. I suggest that the study include the relationship of instructional TV

to computer assisted instruction now in use and expanding throughout the country. Questions which must be considered in the near future are whether the distribution systems for television signal microwaves close circuit twenty five hundred MC will also distribute computerized instruction or data. Also is it technically possible to use Vizio videotapes produced in connection with television instruction as dial accessible material to pupils in the computer Carol. In other words is it possible to mesh technologies so the school district will be able to benefit by a compatible interchange among television program destruction computer installations and other technology. This study offers a timely opportunity to at least establish guidelines toward the future solutions. Also under Section 3 0 2 I should like to suggest that the study include the orientation and preparation of teachers for effective utilization of instructional television. In the recent report of the fun for the Advancement of education the quote utilisation tech new techniques used

in the classroom unquote was one of the reasons given for the failure of ITV to realise its potential. Lack of funds to provide in service education for teachers in the uses of new devices and the omission of such college courses and the preparation of future teachers are among the serious shortcomings in the patterns of instructional television. It reflects a situation which seems to prevail in projects involving new technology and imbalance between the financial investment in hardware and the investment in software apprentices human skills and presenting preparing and using what is transmitted parentheses. The latter is being short changed and hopefully the study will help to overcome the imbalance. 5 Another suggested inclusion in the study is that a built in research practices and techniques to determine the values of instructional TV. It was my good fortune to attend the conference of the European Broadcasting Union in Paris in March of this year. One of the four major topics for study with him was a matter of research. I

asked an outstanding specialist in this field from many countries reported at the end of a week's intensive study that research to be effective must be a part of the planning of the series or courses or projects from their beginnings. The usual procedure of undertaking research after a project is underway or even completed it was vigorously criticized. Our problem is that funds and competent manpower are in short supply for this important assessment of the quality of pupil learning by instructional television. A last observation is made to call attention to the possible overlapping of services between public television as defined in the Carnegie Commission report and instructional TV. For instance courses of instruction are given by TV during evening hours for adults who dropped out of school but who wish to p pair for State Examination for a high school equivalent diploma. Also TV series have been prepared for parents of children attending get set classes to help improve the climate for learning in the home. Both of these

programs might well be placed in either category instructional TV or public TV. The overlapping may result in their being overlooked. It is this.