PBS NewsHour; September 29, 2021, 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

- Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC - >> Nawaz: GOOD EVENING, I'M AMNA - NAWAZ. - JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. - ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, HIGH - STAKES-- THE PRESIDENT'S - ECONOMIC AGENDA HANGS IN THE - BALANCE, AS NEGOTIATIONS - INTENSIFY BETWEEN DEMOCRATS ON - CAPITOL HILL AND THE WHITE - HOUSE. - THEN, GETTING THE CCINE-- A - FORMER F.D.A. COMMISSIONER ON - THE LATEST STRATEGIES TO RAMP UP - AMERICA'S LOW VACCINATION RATES. - AND, SAVING THE SEQUOIAS-- CREWS - SCRAMBLE TO CONTAIN WILDFIRES - THREATENING TO TORCH SOME OF THE - OLDEST TREES IN THE WORLD. - >> 2,000 YEARS OF LIVING - HISTORY. - THEY'RE ANCIENT BEINGS AND - THEY'RE DYING BEFO OUR VERY - EYES. - AND WHAT REALLY GETS TO ME IS - THAT WE'RE NOT ACTING FAST - ENOUGH. - >> Nawaz: ALL THAT AND MORE ON - TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR. - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS - NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

- ♪ ♪ ♪ - MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 - YEARS. - BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS - US. - >> SUPPORTING SOCIAL - ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR

- SOLUTIONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST - PRESSING PROBLEMS-- - skollfoundation.org. - >> THE LEMELSON FOUNDATION. - COMMITTED TO IMPROVING LIVES - THROUGH INVENTION, IN THE U.S. - AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. - ON THE WEB AT lemelson.org. - >> SUPPORTED BY THE JOHN D. AND - CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR - FOUNDATION. - COMMITTED TO BUILDING A MORE - JUST, VERDANT AND PEACEFUL - WORLD. - MORE INFORMATION AT macfound.org - >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS: - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - >> Nawaz: IT'S A PUZZLE THAT THE - WHITE HOUSE AND KEY - CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS SPENT - THIS WEDNESDAY TRYING TO SOLVE: - HOW TO SECURE ENOUGH VOTES IN - THE U.S. HOUSE TO PASS A - TRILLION-DOLLAR INFRASTRUCTURE

- BILL TOMORROW, AS SPEAKER NANCY - PELOSI HAD PROMISED. - GOING INTO TODAY, SOME HOUSE - PROGRESSIVES WERE STILL HOLDING - OUT; UNSATISFIED BY THE STATUS - OF ANOTHER BILL THAT'S STILL - BEING WORKED OUT, THAT COULD PUT - TRILLIONS MORE TOWARD CLIMATE, - HEALTH CARE AND OTHER DOMESTIC - INITIATIVES. - OUR OWN YAMICHE ALCINDOR IS - JOINING US FROM THE WHITE HOUSE, - AS THE PRESIDENT HIMSELF GETS - MORE INVOLVED IN THESE TALKS. - YAMICHE, GOOD TO SEE YOU, THANKS - FOR BEING HERE. - SO LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT THE - PRESIDENT'S DOING. - WHAT ARE SOME OF HIS EFFORTS - RIGHT NOW TO TRY TO UNITE - DEMOCRATS? - >> Reporter: WELL, THERE IS AN - INTENSIFYING FEELING OF URGENCY - HERE AT THE WHITE HOUSE TONIGHT - AS PRESIDENT BIDEN IS SCRAMBLING - TO TRY TO GET DEMOCRATS UNITED - BETWEEN THESE TWO BIG - INSURRECTION B INFRASTRUCTURE - BILLS, $1 TRILLION IS THE - BIPARTISAN BILL AND - $3.5 TRILLION BILL DEMOCRATIC - SUPPORTED THOUGH NOT ALL THE - DEMOCRATS ARE ON THE SAME PAGE. - THE PRESIDENT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE - IN CHICAGO TALKING ABOUT VACCINE - MANDATES AND TALKING ABOUT - COMPANIES THAT ADOPTED VACCINE - MANDATES BUT POSTPONED THE TRIP

- SIGNALING HE NEEDED TO TALK TO - LAWMAKERS, AND IN THE LAST HOUR - HE WAS TALKING TO HOUSE SPEAKER - NANCY PELOSI AND CHUCK SCHUMER, - AND I'M TOLD IN THE MEETINGS - WITH SENATOR SINEMA AND MANCHIN, - THE PRESIDENT IS EXPLAINING TO - SENATORS AND LAWMAKERS, HERE IS - WHAT MY LEGACY AND AGENDA IS, - HERE'S WHAT MY WANTS FOR THE - AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE. - THE SECOND THING HE'S DOING IS - SAYING WHAT CAN I TRY TO DO TO - GET YOU ON BOARD FOR THE PLAN - FOR THE TWO BIG BILLS PASSED - TOGETHER. - THEN COME THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF, - THEY WERE ON THE HILL MEETING - WITH SENATOR SINEMA AND SOME OF - THEM ARE RON KLAIN AS WELL AS - TOP AIDES THAT MIGHT NOT BE - FAMILIAR TO PEOPLE BUT THEY ARE - E BRAIN TRUST BEHIND THIS - EFFORT TO TRY TO GET THE WHITE - HOUSE AND ALL OF ITS EFFORTS TO - GET LAWMAKERS ON THE SAME PAGE. - I'M ALSO TERN SENATOR SINEMA - LOS LIKE SHE'S THE SENATOR - MORE LIKELY TO SAY YES THOUGH - THE $3.5 TRILLION MIGHT SHRINK - TO 2.5 OR $2 TRILLION.

- I'M ALSO TOLD SENATOR MANCHIN IS - THE HARDER SELL. - IN THE LAST HOUR SENATOR MANCHIN - PUT OUT A STATEMENT THAT DID NOT - SOUND LIKE HE WAS GETTING ANY - CLOSER TO THE RECONCILIATION - BILL. - HE PUT IN PART SPENDING - TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS ARE IN HIS - WORDS FISCAL INSANITY AND WROTE - THE DEMOCRATS SHOU NOT - VENGEFULLY ATTACK THE WEALTHY, - THAT, OF COURSE, IS IN STARK - CONTRAST TO WHAT PROGRESSIVES - HAVE BEEN SAYING. - SO A LOT WITHTHE PRESIDENT AT - THE CENTER. - >> Nawaz: THE PRESSURE IS - BUILDING. - SPEAKER PELOSI SAID THE - SELF-IMPOSED BILL IS TOMORROW. - >> Reporter: THE NEXT 24 HOURS - WILL BE CRITICAL FOR WHETHER OR - NOT PRESIDENT BIDEN CAN GET THIS - DONE BECAUSE NANCY PELOSI SAID - SHE WANTS TO BRING TE - BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE BILL - TO THE HOUSE FLOOR BECAUSE SHE'S - PROMISED IF IT HAS THE VOTES IT - WILL GO TO THE FLOOR. - HERE'S WHAT WHITE HOUSE PRESS - SECRETARY GENERAL SAKEÉ DID - TALKING ABOUT ABOUT THIS HOME.

- >> THE PRESIDENT IS GOING TO BE - WORKING AROUND THE CLOCK. - THE REST OF THE TODAY, OVERNIGHT - INTO TOMORROW MORNING, AND WE'RE - GOING TO BE WORKING IN LOCK STEP - WITH SPEAKER PELOSI. - THE PRESIDENT HAS BEEN CLEAR - ABOUT GETTING HIS COMMITMENT TO - GETTING BOTH PIECES OF - LEGISLATION PASSED, BOTH OF THEM - THROUGH, SO RIGHT NOW WHAT WE'RE - NAVIGATING AND WORKING THROUGH - IS HOW WE CAN GET AGREEMENTS, OF - COURSE, 50 VOTES IN THE SENATE - ON A S.E.C. SILLIATION PACKAGE. - >> Reporter: PRESS SECRETARY - JEN P SAKEÉ SAID THIS IS A - PRECARIOUS TIME. - THE PRESIDENT RAN ON THE IDEA HE - CAN USE HIS DECADES IN - GOVERNMENT TO GET A DEAL DONE. - THAT WILL BE THE BIGGEST TEST OF - HIS PRESIDENCY. - YOU HEARD THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS - SECRETARY DOUBLING DOWN THE - IDEA THE PRESIDENT UNDERSTANDS - THE MOMENT D WANTS TO GET THIS - DONE. - >> Nawaz: BIG DAY AT THE WHITE - HOUSE.

- THANKS,IA MIGHT HAVE BEEN. - I'M JOINED BY SENATOR DICK - DURBIN OF ILLINOIS, THE NUMBER - TWO DEMOCRATS IN THE SENATE AND - JOINS US NOW. - SENATOR DURBIN, WELCOME BACK TO - THE "NewsHour". - YOU HEARD THE LATEST FROM YOUR - COMPLETELY SENATOR MANCHIN - SAYING HE'S NOT CONVINCED THE - MONEY NEEDS TO BE SPENT, AND - THEN A STATEMENT FROM HOUSE - PROGRESSIVE LEADER SAYING AFTER - SENATOR MANCHIN'S STATEMENT SHE - THINKS MORE PEOPLE WILL VOTE - AGAINST THE INFRASTRUCTURE BILL - TOMORROW. - IS THERE ANY CHANCE THIS PASSES - TOMORROW? - >> WELL, THERE'S A CERTAIN - AMOUNT OF TURMOIL HERE AND IT - HAS TO DO WITH THE FACT WE HAVE - FOUR MAJOR PIECES OF LEGISLATION - HANGING OVER US IN CAPITOL HILL. - FIRST AND FOREMOST TO KEEP THE - GOVERNMENT OPEN, I THINK THAT - WILL HAPPEN TOMORROW. - THERE WILL BE CONSTRUCTIVE VOTES - IN THE SENATE AND I THINK WE'LL - GET IT DONE. - THE DEBT CEILING HAS A MID - OCTOBER DEADLINE TO IT. - SO WE HAVE A LITTLE TIME BUT I - HOPE WE GET BEHIND THIS DEFAULT - STRATEGY OF SENATOR MCCONNELL

- HOLDING THIS UP THAT IMPACTS THE - AMERICAN ECONOMY. - THE BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE - BILL PASSED HANDILY IN THE - SENATE WHICH SITS IN THE HOUSE - WAITING FOR THE OUTCOME ON THE - RECONCILIATION BILL SO NAY - PELOSI CAN PUT TOGETHER A - COALITION OF ALL TO PASS BOTH. - TWO SENATORS ARE HOLDING UP THE - RECONCILIATION BILL. - I DON'T KNOW WHAT'S CLOSER, NOT - THE LATEST NEGOTIATIONS - DIRECTLY FACE-TO-FACE WITH THEM - BUT I WILL SAY TO MY COLLEAGUES - YOU HAVE THE POWER NOW USE IT TO - DO SOMETHING CONSTRUCTIVE FOR - THIS COUNTRY. - MAKE YOUR MARK ON THIS - NEGOTIATION. - YOU HAVE THAT OPPORTUNITY. - BUT CLOSE THE DEAL. - IT'S TIME TO CLOSE THE DEAL, I - WOULD SAY TO BOTH OF THEM. - >> Nawaz: SENATOR, DO I - UNDERSTAND YOU CORRECTLY YOU ARE - NOT DIRECTLY TALKING TO SENATOR - MANCHIN OR SINEMA, IS THA - RIGHT? - >> PRESIDENT IS DIRECTLY TALKING - TO THEM AND LEADERS ARE TALKING - TO THEM AND MEMBERS OF THE - LEADERSHIP AND STAFF ARE - ADDRESSING ISSUE THAT THEY

- RAISE. - SO IT ISN'T AS IF ALL OF US ARE - IN THE ROOM TOGETHER, POUNDING - THIS OUT. - THERE ARE CONVERSATIONS ON THE - FLOOR WITH EACH OF THEM ABOUT - THE STATUS OF THINGS, BUT THE - ACTUAL NEGOTIATIONS ARE MOST - IMPORTANT, SO THE PRESIDENT'S - OWN MEETINGS WITH THESE PEOPLE, - AND THIS PRESIDENT IS COMMITTED - TO THIS IN A WAY I HAVEN'T SEEN - SINCE THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT - UNDER PRESIDENT OBAMA. - >> Nawaz: SO WHERE ARE YOU NOW - IN TERMS OF WHERE A TOP LINE - NUMBER COULD END UP? - DO YOU HAVE ANY SENSE OF WHAT - WOULD THEY'D BACK? - THEY'RE SETTING THE CEILING - THREE AND A HALF TRILLIONS TOO - HIGH FOR THEM. - HOW LOW WOULD YOU GO - >> WE HAD A MEETING THIS WEEK TO - DISCUSS JUST WHAT THAT MEANT AND - EACH TIME WE DROPPED THAT NUMBEN - YEARS, INCIDENTALLY, ALL PAID - FOR BY INCREASING THE TAX RATES - ON THE WEALTHIEST IN AMERICA, - THOSE MAKING OVER $400,000 A - YEAR, IN CORPORATIONS THAT ARE - NOT BEING TAXED. - SO WE PAY FOR IT, BUT THE NET - RESULT OF DROPPING THAT NUMBER - FROM 3.5 TO 3 OR2.5 OR LOWER - MEANS THAT WE HAVE TO MAKE AN - EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAMS THAT

- ARE INCLUDED IN RECONCILIATION. - WHO IS DO WE INVEST IN, WHAT DO - WE GIVE UP ON? - ARE WE GOING TO HAVE CHILDCARE - WHICH WORKERS AND MOTHERS ACROSS - THE COUNTRY TELL US THEY - DESPERATELY NEED? - ARE WE GOING TO HAVE PRE-K - EDUCATION TO GET KIDS READY FOR - SCHOOL? - EXTEND IT TO K-14 SO PEOPLE ARE - EQUIPPED TO HAVE THE TALENTS AND - SKIL TO HAVE A PRODUCTIVE LIFE - IN OUR 21st CENTURY ECONOMY? - EACH ONE OF THESE DECISIONS - MEANS WE HAVE TO CHANGE IT. - MEDICARE ARE WE GOING TO EXPAND - TO DENTAL AND EYEGLASSES. - >> DOESN'T SOUND LIKE YOU'RE - CLOSER TO A TOP LINE NUMBER. - >> I CAN'T TELL YOU I'VE HEARD - THE NUMBER. - >> Nawaz: LET ME ASK YOU ABOUT - THE DEBT CEILING VOTE. - BLOW COLLEAGUES ARE WORKING TO - PASS PA CLEAN DEBT CEILING VOTE. - EVEN IF THEY DO YOU NEED 10 - REPUBLICAN COLLEAGUES TO BREAK - RANKS TO BACK IT. - HAVE YOU TALKED TO ANY OF THEM - WHO SAID THEY'D DO THAT. - >> OF COURSE, WE'VE TALKED TO - THEM. - PARTICULARLY THE SENATORS FROM - LOUISIANA, BOTH REPUBLICANS. - THERE'S DISASTER AID IN THIS

- BILL AND WE DPERATELY NEED IT - AND I WANT THM TO HAVE IT. - WE ASKED THEM TO JOIN US, THEY - SO FAR HAVEN'T DONE IT. - AID FOR AFGHAN REFUGEES. - HOW MANY SPEECHES WERE MADE - ABOUT STANDING BEHIND THESE MEN - AND WOMEN WHO RIZICS THEIR LIVES - FOR AMERICA? - THESE ARE BASIC THINGS TO DO IN - THE BILL. - THIS IS THE FIRST TIME I CAN - REMEMBER THAT THE REPUBLICANS - IMPOSED A FILIBUSTER ON THE DEBT - CEILING. - UNCONSCIONABLE TO THINK A - EXTRAORDINARY VOTE IS NEEDED ON - SOMETHING THAT BASIC. - >> Nawaz: I NEED TO ASK YOU - ABOUT THE TEXAS ABORTION LAW. - YOU CALLED IT OUTRANGES WHEN IT - FIRST CAME OUT AND CALLED FOR - HEARINGS IN THE SENATE JUDICIARY - COMMITTEE ON THAT LAW BUT MORE - BROADLY ABOUT THE SHADOW DOCKET, - THE EMERGENCY DECISIONS THE - COURT OFTEN MAKES. - SHOULDN'T YOU BE MOVING FORWARD - ON LEGISLATION TO CODIFY SOME OF - THOSE ABORTION RIGHTS? - >> I CAN TELL YOU THE COMMITTEE - WILL CONSIDER LEGISLATION, BUT - REMEMBER IT'S AN 11 TO 11

- MEMBERSHIP ON THAT COMMITTEE, - AND WORKING ON BIPARTISAN BILLS - WHERE WE CAN AND HOT TOPICS LIKE - ABORTION AND GUN CONTROL, - OBVIOUSLY VERY LITTLE CHANCE OF - BIPARTISANSHIP. - BUT THE POINT OF THE HEARING - TODAY WAS THE FACT THAT THE - SUPREME COURT IS INCREASINGLY - USING THE SHADOW DOCKET, WHICH - MEANS THEY MAKE MOMENTOUS, - LIFE-CHANGING DECISIONS AND - DON'T ISSUE ANY OPINION TO - JUSTIFY WHAT THEY'VE DECIDED, - AND THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN TO TASK - NOT ONLY BY THE THREE LIBERALS - LEFT ON THE COURT, BUT JUSTICE - ROBERTS. - HE SAID THIS TEXAS STATUTE WAS - ONE WE SHOULDN'T GIVE AN - AUTOMATIC STAY SO THAT THEY - COULD PROCEED WITH THE APPEALS. - SO WE BROUGHT UP THE PARTICULARS - IN THE TEXAS ABORTION STATUTE - TODAY. - INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, NOT A - SINGLE REPUBLICAN DE-- - REPUBLICAN DEFENDED THE - SPECIFICS OF THE TEXAS STATUTE - ON ITS MERITS. - THEY WERE ALL ARGUING THE ISSUE - OF ABORTION WHICH, OF COURSE, IS - VERY CONTROVERSIAL. - >> Nawaz: SENATOR DICK DURBIN, - DEMOCRAT FROM ILLINOIS JOINING - US TONIGHT. - SENATOR, THANK YOU, ALWAYS GOOD - TO SEE YOU.

- >> THANK YOU. - >> Nawaz: IN THE DAY'S OTHER - NEWS, THE C.D.C. ISSUED A FORMAL - HEALTH ADVISORY URGING THAT - WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT, OR - HOPING TO BE, GET VACCINATED - AGAINST COVID-19. - THE AGENCY SAYS ONLY 31% OF - PREGNANT WOMEN HAVE HAD THEIR - SHOTS, AND RATES FOR MINORITIES - ARE EVEN LOWER. - C.D.C. OFFICIALS ALSO SAY THE - VACCINE CARRIES NO INCREASED - RISK OF MISCARRIAGES. - U.S. MILITARY LEADERS SPENT A - SECOND DAY, TODAY, TRYING TO - EXPLAIN TO CONGRESS WHAT - HAPPENED IN AFGHANISTAN. - AT A HOUSE HEARING, GENERAL MARK - MILLEY BLAMED BAD DECISIONS - GOING BACK YEARS. - DEFENSE SECRETARY LLOYD AUSTIN - AGREED THAT THE U.S. PULLOUT - HURT AFGHAN MORALE, BUT HE SAID - AMERICAN TROOPS COULD NOT STAY - ON. - >> I SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S - DECISION TO END THE WAR IN - AFGHANISTAN, I DID NOT SUPPORT

- STAYING IN AFGHANISTAN FOREVER. - THERE IS NO, WAS NO, RISK-FREE - STATUS QUO OPTION. - I THINK THE TALIBAN HAD BEEN - CLEAR THAT IF WE STAYED THERE - LONGER, THEY WERE GOING TO RE- - COMMENCE ATTACKS ON OUR FORCES. - >> Nawaz: DEMOCRATIC LAWMAKERS - DEFENDED PRESIDENT BIDEN'S - DECISIONS. - REPUBLICANS AGAIN ACCUSED HIM OF - LYING WHEN HE SAID NO ONE URGED - HIM TO KEEP 2,500 TROOPS IN - AFGHANISTAN. - THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION SAYS - NORTH KOREA'S LATEST MISSILE - KIM JONG UN SAYS THERE'S BEEN NO - CHANGE IN U.S. POLICY AND OFFERS - OF NEW TALKS ARE JUST A COVER. - (THAT COMES AFTER THE NORTH - FIRED A - NORTH KOREA'S STATE MEDIA SAYS - IT FIRED A HYPERSONIC MISSILE - OUT TO SEA ON TUESDAY. - THAT KIND OF WEAPON CAN FLY AT - FIVE TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND. - BUT SOUTH KOREA SAYS INDICATIONS - ARE THE NORTH'S MISSILE IS STILL - EARLY IN DEVELOPMENT. - IN JAPAN, FORMER FOREIGN - MINISTER FUMIO KISHIDA IS NOW IN - LINE TO BECOME PRIME MINISTER. - THE RULING LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC - PARTY CHOSE HIM TODAY AS ITS NEW - LEADER.

- THAT SETS HIM UP TO REPLACE - PRIME MINISTER YOSHIHIDE SUGA, - WHO IS STEPPING DOWN. - IN TOKYO, KISHIDA VOWED TO DO - MORE TO FIGHT THE COVID PANDEMIC - THAT HAS CRIPPLED JAPAN'S - ECONOMY. - >> ( translated ): CORONAVIRUS - MEASURES-- I WILL PUT MY ALL - INTO IT AND WORK VERY HARD TO - TACKLE IT. - THE HEARTS OF THE JAPANESE - PEOPLE HAVE BEEN BROKEN INTO - PIECES BECAUSE OF THE - CORONAVIRUS. - I WANT EVERYONE TO REGAIN A WILL - WHERE THEY CAN FEEL THAT THEY - CAN WORK HARD AND BE ONE TEAM TO - TAKE ON THE NATIONAL CORONAVIRUS - CRISIS. - >> Nawaz: PARLIAMENT IS EXPECTED - TO VOTE KISHIDA IN AS PRIME - MINISTER ON MONDAY. - AN OVERNIGHT BATTLE AT A PRISON - IN ECUADOR HAS LEFT AT LEAST 100 - PEOPLE DEAD. - OFFICIALS SAY RIVAL GANGS FOUGHT - FOR HOURS WITH GUNS, KNIVES AND - EXPLOSIVES. - SOME OF THE VICTIMS WERE - BEHEADED. - IT WAS THE LATEST IN A SERIES OF - BLOODY PRISON RIOTS IN ECUADOR - THIS YEAR. - THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT ROLLED - OUT A RESERVE TANKER FLEET TODAY - TO DEAL WITH A FUEL SHORTAGE. - AND, OFFICIALS ORDERED SOLDIERS - TO START DRIVING TANKERS, TO - COMPENSATE FOR A DRIVER SHORTAGE

- AND PANIC BUYING. - THERE WERE INDICATIONS THAT - GASOLINE IS FINALLY ARRIVING AT - SOME FILLING STATIONS. - MANY OTHERS STILL HAD LONG LINES - OF CARS WAITING FOR GAS. - CITIES ACROSS CHINA ARE NOW IN A - SECOND WEEK OF ELECTRIC POWER - CUTS. - THE RULING COMMUNIST PARTY - ORDERED THEM IN A BID TO REIN IN - SOARING POWER CONSUMPTION AND - MEET TARGETS FOR CARBON - EMISSIONS. - A NUMBER OF CITIES ARE UNDER - ROLLING BLACKOUTS, INCLUDING - SHENYANG IN THE NORTHEAST. - THAT'S LEFT SHOP OWNERS AND - OTHERS LOOKING FOR WAYS TO COPE. - >> ( translated ): OUR STORE - DIDN'T SUFFER AS MUCH AS OTHERS - BECAUSE WE DON'T USE AS MUCH - ELECTRICITY. - BUT, IT'S VERY INCONVENIENT IF - WE DON'T HAVE WATER. - THE POWER AND WATER SUPPLY IS - INTEGRATED. - SO, WHEN POWER IS CUT OFF, IT - DOES AFFECT OUR LIVES. - >> Nawaz: THE POWER CUTS ARE - ALSO CLOSING FACTORIES AND - THREATENING MORE GLOBAL SUPPLY - CHAIN CHAOS. - AND, BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, WALL - STREET STRUGGLED AGAIN TO MAKE - HEADWAY. - THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE - GAINED 90 POINTS TO CLOSE AT - 34,390. - THE NASDAQ FELL 34 POINTS.

- THE S&P 50GAINED SIX. - STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: - A CLOSER LOOK AT THE PRESIDENT'S - PLAN TO INCREASE TAXES ON THE - WEALTHY. - CREWS SCRAMBLE TO CONTAIN - WILDFIRES THREATENING - CALIFORNIA'S SEQUOIAS. - SCIENTISTS RAISE THE ALARM AS - THE U.S. DECLARES MULTIPLE - SPECIES EXTINCT. - AND MUCH MORE. - >> Nawaz: YOUTUBE TODAY - ANNOUNCED IT WILL REMOVE VIDEOS - THAT SPREAD FALSE INFORMATION - ABOUT THE SAFETY AND - EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COVID-19 - AND ANY OTHER COMMONLY USED - VACCINES. - ACCOUNTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERAL - PROMINENT FIGURES, SUCH AS - ROBERT KENNEDY, JR., WHO SPREAD - FALSE CLAIMS, WILL ALSO BE - REMOVED.

- AS WILLIAM BRANGHAM REPORTS, - IT'S PART OF AN ONGOING FIGHT - AGAINST MISINFORMATION. - >> Brangham: THAT'S RIGHT, AMNA. - MISINFORMATION HAS CERTAINLY - INCREASED VACCINE HESITANCY IN - THE U.S. - IT'S PARTLY WHY AMERICA NOW LAGS - BEHIND MANY INDUSTRIALIZED - NATIONS IN VACCINE UPTAKE, WITH - JUST 56% OF THE COUNTRY FULLY - INOCULATED. - FOR THE LATEST ON OUR - VACCINATION EFFORTS, I'M JOINED - NOW BY DR. SCOTT GOTTLIEB. - HE RAN THE FOOD AND DRUG - ADMINISTRATION FROM 2017 TO - 2019, AND IS A MEMBER OF - PFIZER'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS. - HE'S JUST OUT WITH A NEW BOOK - CALLED "UNCONTROLLED SPREAD," - ABOUT WHY THE VIRUS HIT AMERICA - SO HARD, AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO - STOP IT DOING SO AGAIN. - DR. GOTTLIEB, GREAT TO HAVE YOU - BACK ON THE "NewsHour". - SO YouTube SAYS, OKAY, WE'RE - GOING TO START CRACKING DOWN ON - THESE SITES, WE'RE GOING TO KICK - THEM OFF, FOR ANYONE PUBLISHED - PUBLISHED -- PUBLISHING - MISLEADING OR FALSE INFORMATION - ABOUT THE VACCINE. - WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THE MOVE? - IS THIS GOING TO HELP OR IS THE - HORSE ALREADY OUT OF THE BARN?

- >> I THINK IT'S LATE TO BE DOING - THIS. - I THINK THAT THE SOCIAL MEDIA - PLATFORMS HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY - TO PROVIDE SOME EDITORIAL - SUPERVISION ON WHAT GOES ON - THEIR SITES. - I APPLAUD THE MOVE THEY'RE - TAKING. - WE NEED TO RECOGNIZE THIS - INFORMATION ISN'T JUST BEING - EXCHANGED BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS. - THERE ARE DELIBERATE EFFORTS - UNDERWAY TO SPREAD OBJECTIVELY - FALSE INFORMATION. - THAT INFORMATION DESIGNED TO - CONFUSE PEOPLE AND DECEIVE THEM - ABOUT THE VACCINES. - THERE WAS A REPORT RLIER THIS - YEAR ABOUT THE RUSSIAN - GOVERNMENT BEING BEHIND SOME - THESE EFFORTS. - THIS IS QUITE DELIBERATE AND - ORGANIZATIONED IN CERTAIN - RESPECTS. - I THINK THE SOCIAL MEDIA - PLATFORMS HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY - TO NOT BE CONDUITS FOR THIS SORT - OF MISINFORMATION. - >> Reporter: THIS IS HAVING AN - EFFECT ON SOME PEOPLE'S - HESITANCY TO TAKE THE VACCINE. - THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION WHEN - THEY LOOKED AT OUR RELATIVELY - LOW VACCINATION RATES SAID, - AFTER A LONG TIME OF RESISTING - MANDATES, THEY SAID WE ARE GOING - TO INSTITUTE MANDATES, EMPLOYER - MANDATES. - DID YOU THINK THAT POLICY MADE

- SENSE POLICYWISE TO GET MORE - AMERICANS VACCINATED? - >> WELL, LOOK, WE FIRST SHOULD - RECOGNIZE THE EXTRAORDINARY - ACCOMPLISHMENT INCLUDING OF THE - BIDEN ADMINISTRATION OF GETTING - PEOPLE VACCINATED. - FULLY 70% OF PEOPLE OVER AGE 18 - HAVE AT LEAST ONE DOSE THE - VACCINE AND MOST WILL COMPLETE - THE SERIES. - THE LAST PERCENTAGE WILL BE MORE - DIFFICULT TO VACCINE. - SOME HARDER TO REACH, SOME - RELUCTANT. - IT WILL BE A HARDER CAM PEEN TO - GET ADAYSLE AMERICANS - VACCINATED. - IN TERMS OF THE MANDATES, THE - ADMINISTRATION IS WELL WITHIN - THEIR PROGRESSIVITY TO MANDATE - VACCINATION WITHIN THE - WORKFORCE. - HEALTHCARE WORKERS SHOULD GET - VACCINATION GIVEN THE RISK TO - THOSE THEY'RE PROVIDING CARE - FOR. - WHEN YOU'RE PUTTING MANDATES ON - PRIVATE BUSINESSES THAT WILL - CREATE DIVISIONS ACROSS SOCIETY. - THAT TURNS SOMETHING THAT'S - FURTIVELY POLITICAL, THE DEBATE - AROUND THE VACCINATION, TO - SUBJECTIVELY POLITICAL.

- YOU WILL HAVE POLITICIANS - RUNNING AGAINST THE MANDATES. - OFFAS I DON'T BELIEVE GOVERNORS - SHOULD PREVENT COMMUNITIES FROM - IMPOSING MANDATES, I DON'T THINK - THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD - IMPOSE THE REQUIREMENTS ON SMALL - BUSINESSES. - I THINK THIS WILL BECOME TOO - MUCH OF A TENSE GROUND WE'RE - MANNING THIS ON SMALLER AND - MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES. - >> Reporter: THUS FAR, WE HAVE - SEEN AT LEAST IN THE INITIAL - REPORTS THAT MOST OF THE - COMPANIES THAT ENACTED THIS - MANDATE EVEN THOUGH NOT FULLY - OUT YET HAVE HAD RELATIVE - SUCCESS THEY'VE SEEN THE NUMBERS - TICKED UP. - PARTISANSHIP ASIDE, WILL IT HAVE - THE GOAL INTENDED WHICH IS TO - SAVE MORE LIVES. - >> I THINK IT WILL SAVE MORE - LIVES AND GET MORE PEOPLE - VACCINATED. - TO THE EXTEND THESE ARE COLLECT - I'VE DECISIONS AND I BELIEVE THE - DECISION TO GET VACCINATED ISN'T - AN INDIVIDUAL CHOICE, THERE IS A - COLLECTIVE ELEMENT BECAUSE YOUR - DECISION NOT TO IS PUTTING - PEOPLE AT RISK IN YOUR

- COMMUNITY. - SO THE FAR BETTER APPROACH WOULD - BE TO MAKE THE COMMUNITY TO MAKE - THE DECISION. - LET BUSINESSES MAKE THAT - DECISION ON THEIR OWN PAUSE THEY - BELIEVE THE ONLY WAY TO PROTECT - THE WORKFORCE AND CUSTOMERS IS - THROUGH VACCINATION. - LET A LET SCHOOL BOARD MAKE THE - DECISION. - I RECOGNIZE THAT'S NOT ALWAYS - FEASIBLE. - YYOU HAVE A LOT OF HOLDOUTS. - SO I UNDERSTAND WHY THE - ADMINISTRATION STEPPED IN TO TRY - TO FORCE THE DECISIONS, BUT - THEY'RE CREATING A POLITICAL - BACKGROUND AROUND VACCINATIONS - THAT YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE OTHER - PEOPLE OPPOSING IT. - THE QUESTION IS HOW MUCH ARE WE - GOING TO PICK UP IN TERMS OF - INCREASED VACCINATION. - WE'RE AT 78% OF ADULTS NOW. - I BELIEVE WE WOULD HAVE GOTTEN - EASILY TO 80% ON A NORMAL - TRAJECTORY. - WE'LL END UP MAYBE 80, 85% A - LITTLE BIT HIGHER, SO YOU MAY - PICK UP A COUPLE EXTRA - PERCENTAGE POINTS IN THE AMNT - OF AMERICAN ADULTS VACCINATED - BUT YOU WILL PAY A CONSEQUENCE - OF TURNING IT INTO MORE OF A - POLITICAL DEBATE. - WE HAVE TO CAREFULLY WEIGH THOSE - COMPETING INTERESTS. - >> Reporter: I WANT TO ASK YOU

- ABOUT VACCINATING KIDS. - WE KNOW PFIZER SUBMITTED ITS - DATA FOR 5 TO 11-YEAR-OLDS. - HOW LIKELY DO YOU THINK THAT - WILL WILL BE APPROVED AND WHEN - DO YOU THINK KIDS MIGHT START - GETTING VACCINATED IN THIS - COUNTRY? - >> RIGHT, SO THE COMPANY STARTED - SUBMITTING CLINICAL DATA - YESTERDAY. - THEY'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO - SUBMIT DATA TO THE AGENCY. - IT'S SORT OF A ROLLING - SUBMISSION. - I THINK THAT YOU COULD SEE A - VACCINE AVAILABLE FOR CHILDREN - AGES 5 TO 11 AS SOON AS THE END - OF OCTOBER. - IF IT SLIPS A LITTLE BIT, I - THINK SORT OF THE BASE CASE MAY - BE BY MID-NOVEMBER. - OBVIOUSLY IT'S SUBJECT TO - F.D.A.'S CAREFUL REVIEW OF THE - DATA AND THE AGENCY AGREEING - THAT THE DATA SUPPORTS - AUTHORIZATION OF THE VACCINE. - >> Reporter: DR. SCOTT - GOTTLIEB, FORMER HEAD OF THE - F.D.A., THANK YOU VERY MUCH. - >> THANKS A LOT. - >> Nawaz: PRESIDENT BIDEN'S - AMBITIOUS ECONOMIC AGENDA IS - STILL TAKING SHAPE ON CAPITOL

- HILL. - BUT THE PLANS CALL FOR - UNPRECEDENTED SPENDING-- NEW - ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, MORE - CHILD CARE HELP, AND EXPANDED - MEDICARE AND HEALTH CARE - COVERAGE. - IT ALSO CALLS FOR TAX HIKES ON - THE WEALTHY AND CORPORATIONS. - WE GET TWO VIEWS ON WHAT THIS - COULD MEAN FOR THE U.S. ECONOMY. - JOSEPH STIGLITZ IS A NOBEL PRIZE - WINNING ECONOMIST. - FROM 1997 to 2000 HE WAS SENIOR - VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF - ECONOMIST AT THE WORLD BANK. - HE NOW TEACHES AT COLUMBIA - UNIVERSITY. - MICHAEL STRAIN IS THE DIRECTOR - OF ECONOMIC POLICY STUDIES AT - THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE - INSTITUTE. - HE'S ALSO AN OPINION COLUMNIST - FOR BLOOMBERG. - WELCOME TO YOU BOTH, GENTLEMEN. - THANKS FOR BEING HERE. - PROFESSOR STIGLITZ, I'LL COME TO - YOU FIRST ON THIS. - THE DETAILS TO HAVE THE PLANS - ARE STILL BEING WORKED OUT - WHEREVER THEY END UP. - WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A MASSIVE - AMOUNT OF SPENDING THAT THE - PRESIDENT SAYS IS NECESSARY FOR - THE COUNTRY, NECESSARY FOR THE - ECONOMY RIGHT NOW. - DO YOU AGREE? - IS IT NECESSARY OR IS THIS JUST - SOMETHING DEMOCRATS WANT? - >> NO, IT IS NECESSARY. - YOU KNOW, THERE ARE MANY THINGS - ABOUT AMERICA THAT ARE DIFFERENT - FROM OTHER ADVANCED COUNTRIES.

- WE HAVE THE LOWEST LIFE - EXPECTANCY, A LIFE EXPECTANCY - THAT ACTUALLY WAS DECNING IN - THE YEARS BEFORE THE PANDEMIC - BUT HAS TAKEN A REAL FALL. - WE HE ONE OF THE LOWEST LABOR - FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, THE - FRACTION OF THE POPULATION WHO - IS ACTUALLY WORKING, OF THE - WORKING ALIEN POPULATION OF ANY - OF THE ADVANCED COUNTRIES. - THE MEDIAN INCOME, THE PEOPLE IN - THE MIDDLE, IS LOWER THAN IN - OTHER ADVANCED COUNTRIES. - SO THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS THAT - WE'RE FACING, AND, - UNFORTUNATELY, WE HAVE NOT - CONFRONTED THEM FOR A VERY LONG - TIME. - ANYBODY THAT VISITS OTHER - COUNTRIES AND SEES OUR - INFRASTRUCTURE RELATIVE TO THE - OTHER COUNTRIES' INFRASTRUCTURE - REALIZES THAT WE HAVE A LOT OF - GAPS THERE, TOO. - >> Nawaz: AND, SO, YOUR SEE

- THE SPENDING AS ITS OUTLINED - HERE, THAT WOULD ADDRESS ALL THE - PROBLEMS YOU JUST LAID OUT? - >> IT WILL BE A BEGINNING OF - ADDRESSING THEM. - I DON'T MAKE ANY PRETENSE THAT - IT REALLY FULLY ADDRESSES THEM, - BUT WE HAVE POSTPONED ADDRESSING - SOME OF OUR KEY ISSUES FOR A - VERY LONG TIME, AND I'M REALLY - WELCOMING THIS EFFORT TO BEGIN - DOING SOMETHING ABOUT THESE HUGE - PROBLEMS THAT WE FACE. - >> Nawaz: MICHAEL STRAIN, - WHAT'S YOUR VIEW? - DO YOU AGREE THIS IS NECESSARY - RIGHT NOW? - >> I DON'T THINK THINK IT'S - NECESSARY. - I CERTAINLY AGREE THAT - ADDRESSING SOME OF THE PROBLEMS - THAT PROFESSOR STIGLITZ - ENUMERATES IS NECESSARY. - THE UNITED STATES HAS SERIOUS - CHALLENGES. - THE QUESTION IS WHETHER OR NOT - PRESIDENT BIDEN'S PLAN WOULD - ADDRESS THOSE CHALLENGES AND - WOULD ADDRESS THOSE CHALLENGES - IN THE BEST WAY. - THEY CAN ONE PART OF THE PLAN - THAT'S RECEIVED QUITE A BIT OF - ATTENTION, A PROGRAM THAT WOULD - GIVE A MONTHLY INCOME TO - HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, THIS - PROGRAM WOULD HELP LOW-INCOME

- AMERICANS TO PAY THE BILLS, BUT - THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE MONEY - THAT WOULD BE SPENT WOULD GO TO - HOUSEHOLDS ABOVE THE PORT OFY - LINE INCLUDING HOUSEHOLDS MAKING - THE 200, 300, $400,000 A YEAR. - IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO GIVE A - HOUSEHOLD MAKING 300-GRAND A - YEAR A CHECK EVERY MONTH. - ANOTHER BIG PART OF THE PLAN - WOULD BE TO EXPAND THE MEDICARE - PROGRAM. - WE SHOULD BE TRYING TO PROVIDE - HEALTH SECURITY TO AMERICANS, - BUT SIMPLY PUTTING BILLIONS AND - BILLIONS OF DOLLARS INTO - MEDICARE, A PROGRAM WHOSE - FINANCES ARE ALREADY UNSTABLE, - DOESN'T REALLY BRING HEALTH - SECURITY TO THE AMERICANS WHO - REALLY NEED IT. - SO I THINK THERE ARE SOME GOOD - GOALS HERE, AND I AGREE WITH - PROFESSOR STIGLITZ THAT AMERICA - HAS CHALLENGES THAT NEED TO BE - ADDRESSED, I'M JUST NOT SURE - THIS PLAN ADDRESSES THOSE - CHALLENGES IN AN EFFICIENT WAY - OR IN THE BEST WAY. - >> Nawaz: MICHAEL, WHAT ARE - ABOUT SOME OF THE INVESTMENTS - YOU SEE AS EXCESSIVE, THE

- CHILDCARE, THE TAX CREDITS, THE - HEALTHCARE COVERAGE, THAT THOSE - ARE SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS THAT - WILL LEAD TO LONG-TERM ECONOMIC - GROWTH. - DO YOU AGREE WITH THAT? - >> I DON'T THINK LONG-TERM - ECONOMIC GROWTH WOULD BE - STRENGTHENED BY GIVING A MONTHLY - CHECK TO HOUSEHOLDS MAKING A - COMFORTABLE SIX-FIGURE INCOME, - AND I DON'T THINK ECONOMIC - GROWTH WOULD BE STRENGTHENED - PUTTING MORE MONEY INTO THE - MEDICARE SYSTEM. - THERE ARE GOALS IN THIS PROGRAM - THAT WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE - ECONOMY. - SO ONE OF THE PROGRAMS' - OBJECTIVES IS TO INCREASE THE - ACCESSIBILITY AND AFFORDABILITY - OF CHILDCARE, THAT WOULD HELP - PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE - WORKFORCE, AND THAT WOULD HELP - THE ECONOMY TO GROW. - I THINK WE NEED TO DEBATE THE - SPECIFICS OF THE CHILDCARE - PROPOSAL. - WHAT THE PRESIDENT WANTS TO DO - IS ESSENTIALLY SUBSIDIZE DEMAND - FOR COMMERCIAL DAYCARE. - THAT'S ONE WAY TO INCREASE - ACCESS TO CHILDCARE. - I WOULD BE MUCH MORE INTERESTED

- IN SEEING HOW WE COULD INCREASE - THE SUPPLY OF PROVIDERS, TO SEE - HOW WE COULD HELP FAMILIES TO - HAVE CHILDCARE IN THE EVENINGS - AND ON WEEKENDS WHEN MANY - LOWER-INCOME AMERICANS WORK AND - WHEN COMMERCIAL DAYCARE CENTERS - ARE NOT OPEN. - >> Nawaz: PROFESSOR STIGLITZ, - I WANT YOU TO RESPOND TO A POINT - MICHAEL RAISED AS NO LIMITS ON - SOME OF THE SPENDING, CHILDCARE - TAX CREDITS, SHOULD THERE BE - MORE LIMITS ON THOSE KINDS OF - THINGS IN THE BILL IS THIS. - >> THE BASIC THING, IN THE BILL - THAT WAS PASSED WHEN BIDEN FIRST - BECAME PRESIDENT, THAT PROVIDED - CHILDCARE -- CHILD TAX CREDITS, - AND THAT ONE PROVISION ENABLE TO - THE REDUCTION OF CHILDHOOD - POVERTY BY 50% IN ONE YEAR. - BUT THAT WAS ONLY A ONE-YEAR - PROVISION. - AND, SO, I'M GIVING THIS AS AN - ILLUSTRATION THAT WE -- YOU - KNOW, FOR SUCH A LARGE FRCTION - OF AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE GROWING

- UP IN POVERTY, INADEQUATE - CONDITIONS TO MAKE THEM - PRODUCTIVE IN THE FUTURE, IF IN - ONE YEAR WE COULD REDUCE THAT - POVERTY RATE BY 50%, IMAGINE - WHAT WE COULD DO IF WE MADE A - COMMITMENT TO DO THIS OVER THE - LONG TERM, AND THAT IS THE BASIC - CORE OF WHAT IS BEING PROPOSED - IN BIDEN'S PLAN. - LET'S MAKE SURE THAT FEWER - AMERICAN CHILDREN GROW UP IN - POVERTY, AND IF THAT HAPPENS, WE - WILL HAVE A MORE PRODUCTIVE - ECONOMY IN THE FUTE. - >> Nawaz: PROFESSOR, WH - ABOUT HOW TO PAY FOR THIS? - WE S THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION - WANTS TO RAISE TAXES ON THOSE - WHO MAKE MORE THAN 400,000 A - YEAR AND CORPORATIONS, IS THAT - GOING TO COVER THIS KIND OF - INVESTMENT? - >> YES, THERE ARE OTHER - PROVISIONS LIKE CLOSING SOME TO - HAVE THE LOOPHOLES WHICH - UNDERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF - OUR TAX RATE. - YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE STRIKING - THINGS ABOUT OUR TAX CODE IS - THAT IT'S NOT PROGRESSIVE.

- THE PEOPLE AT THE VERY TOP ARE - PAYING A TAX RATE OF JUST OVER - 8% ON THEIR TOTAL INCOME. - YOU KNOW, WHILE ORDINARY PEOPLE - ARE PAYING A MUCH HIGHER TAX - RATE. - SO THERE'S AN AWFUL LOT OF MONEY - THAT CAN BE RAISED BY MAKING OUR - TAX SYSTEM FAIRER. - >> Nawaz: MICHAEL, WHAT ARE - YOUR CONCERNS ABOUT RAISING - TAXES IN THAT WAY TO PAY FOR - THESE INVESTMENTS? - >> THE PRESIDENT HAS A FEW - GOALS, HE WANTS TO SPEND A LOT - MORE MONEY. - TO HIS CREDIT, HE WANTS TO RAISE - TAXES TO PAY FOR THAT SPENDING - RATHER THAN RUN UP DEFICITS, AND - HE WANTS TO COMBAT CLIMATE - CHANGE. - IT SEEMS TO ME THAT AN OBVIOUS - WAY TO ADVANCE ALL THREE OF - THOSE GOALS IS TO PUT IN PLACE A - CARBON TAX. - A CARBON TAX WOULD RAISE A LOT - OF REVENUE, A CARBON TAX IS, IN - MY VIEW, THE BEST WAY WE HAVE TO - ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE AND TO - ENCOURAGE INNOVATION IN

- ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY, - AND A CARBON TAX COULD FUND MANY - OF THE PROGRAMS THE PRESIDENT - WANTS TO -- WANTS TO SPEND MONEY - ON WITHOUT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS - THAT COME FROM INCREASING TAXES - ON INCOME. - >> Nawaz: MICHAEL STRAIN - BEFORE WE LET YOU GO, I NEED TO - ASK YOU ABOUT THE DEBT CEILING - BECAUSE YOU HAVE SPOKEN DIRECTLY - TO REPUBLICANS IN THE LATEST - OP-ED WHO ARE NOT JOINING IN THE - EFFORT TO RAISE THE CEILING. - YOUR LAST EFFORT WAS RAISE THE - DEBT CEILING, REPUBLICANS, YOU - WILL BE GLAD YOU WILL. - >> I THINK REPUBLICANS HAVE A - RESPONSIBILITY TO RAISE THE DEBT - CEILING. - THE DEBT IS A BIPARTISAN - PROBLEM. - BOTH PARTIES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR - THE FACT THAT THERE'S A GAP - BETWEEN FEDERAL SPENDING AND - FEDERAL REVENUE, SO I THINK IT'S - THE RESPONSIBILITY OF BOTH - PARTIES TO INCREASE THE DEBT - CEILING. - MOREOVER, I THINK BY PUTTING SO - MUCH PRESSURE ON DEMOCRATS TO - INCREASE THE DEBT CEILING ON - THEIR OWN WITHOUT ANY REPUBLICAN - SUPPORT WHATSOEVER INCLUDING A - PROMISE NOT TO FILIBUSTER A DEBT

- CEILING INCREASE PASSED UNDER - THE SENATE'S REGULAR ORDER - PROCESS, REPUBLICANS ARE MAKING - IT A LITTLE MORE LIKELY THAT THE - PRESIDENT'S SPENDING PROGRAM IS - LARGER. - IT HAPPENED SOONER THAN I THINK - WOULD BE IDEAL. - SO THERE'S AN ECONOMIC ARGUMENT - HERE AND THERE'S A POLITICAL - ARGUMENT. - >> Nawaz: AND WE'LL BE - FOLLOWING BOTH IN THE DAYS - AHEAD. - MICHAEL STRAIN FROM THE AMERICAN - ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE AND - PROFESSOR JOSEPH STIGLITZ FROM - COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY JOINING US - TONIGHT. - THANKS TO YOU BOTH. - >> THANK YOU. - >> Nawaz: CALIFORNIA'S GIANT - SEQUOIAS CAN LIVE FOR THOUSANDS - OF YEARS, BUT SCIEISTS SAY - THEY'VE RARELY SEEN THE KIND OF - INTENSE FIRE THAT'S SWEPT THE - STATE IN RECENT YEARS. - THE K.N.P. COMPLEX FIRE IS JUST - ELEVEN PERCENT CONTAINED, AND IS - BURNING ACROSS NEARLY 50,000 - ACRES, INCLUDING TREASURED - GROVES IN SEQUOIA AND KINGS

- CANYON NATIONAL PARKS. - AND ANOTHER FIRE IS BLAZING IN - SEQUOIA NATIONAL FOREST TO THE - SOUTH. - THE NATIONAL PARKS ARE CLOSED TO - VISITORS, BUT SPECIAL - CORRESPONDENT CAT WISE GOT A - FIRST-HAND LOOK ON A RECENT - MEDIA TOUR WITH OFFICIALS. - >> WE'RE STANDING UP ON THE - SLOPE, AND THE FIRE CAME FROM - BELOW, AND THOSE ARE THE - CONDITIONS THAT, IF THE WEATHER - HAD BEEN BAD, WOULD HAVE - GENERATED RUNNING CROWN FIRE, - AND COULD HAVE CARRIED THE - FLAMES UP INTO THE CANOPY OF - THESE TREES. - >> Reporter: AT THE SMOKE-FILLED - ENTRANCE TO GIANT FOREST IN - SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK, THE PROUD - SENTRIES KNOWN AS THE FOUR - GUARDSMEN STILL KEEP THEIR - WATCH. - >> THEY'RE PROBABLY TWO TO 3,000 - YEARS OLD. - THESE TREES HAVE SURVIVED - HUNDREDS OF PREVIOUS WILDFIRES. - >> Reporter: SCIENTISTS LIKE - CHRISTY BRIGHAM FEARED THE - ANCIENT TREES WOULDN'T SURVIVE - THE K.N.P. COMPLEX FIRE, WHICH - HAS BEEN BURNING DANGEROUSLY - CLOSE TO THE TREES FOR WEEKS. - FIRE CREWS WRAPPED THE BASES OF - THE GUARDSMEN IN A FLAME- - RETARDANT FOIL TO PROTECT THEM. - AND BRIGHAM SAYS LONGER-TERM

- EFFORTS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING-- - WHERE CREWS SET CONTROLLED FIRES - TO HELP THIN THE FOREST AND - CLEAR DEBRIS-- HELPED SAVE THESE - NATIONAL TREASURES FROM - DESTRUCTION. - THIS IS A PLACE OF MAJESTIC - GIANTS. - THESE TREES ARE SOME OF THE - OLDEST AND LARGEST LIVING - ORGANISMS ON THE PLANET. - AND TODAY, THE AIR IS THICK WITH - SMOKE FROM FIRES ALL AROUND US. - WHILE SOME AREAS OF THE PARK - HAVE HAD PRESCRIBED BURNS FOR - THE LAST SIX DECADES, OTHERS ARE - A TINDERBOX. - >> THIS AREA WAS AT RISK BECAUSE - OF HOW DENSE THIS FOREST IS. - THOSE BRANCHES ARE ONE HUNDRED - FEET OFF THE GROUND. - BUT IN THIS NEW KIND OF FIRE, - YOU CAN GET CROWN FIRE INTO A - CROWN THAT HIGH. - >> Reporter: A NEW KIND OF FIRE, - WITH GREATER INTENSITY AND - HIGHER FLAMES THAN BRIGHAM SAYS - THE MIGHTY TREES HAVE HAD TO - WITHSTAND. - >> WHAT WE'RE SEEING IS 100 FOOT - FLAME LENGTHS, WHAT'S CALLED - RUNNING CROWN FIRE, WHERE THE - FIRE GETS INTO THE CROWN AND - MOVES FROM CROWN TO CROWN - INSTEAD OF ON THE GROUND, AND - THAT IS CRAZY. - >> Reporter: FARTHER INTO THE - PARK, WE COME UPON THE CROWN - JEWEL OF THE SEQUOIAS: GENERAL

- SHERMAN, THOUGHT TO BE THE - LARGEST TREE IN THE WORLD. - HIS MASSIVE 36-FOOT BASE IS ALSO - WRAPPED IN THE FOIL. - >> IT'S NOT JUST ALUMINUM FOIL, - IT'S GOT THAT FIBERGLASS - BACKING. - >> Reporter: WHILE GENERAL - SHERMAN REMAINS SAFE, FIRES HAVE - BEEN BURNING IN SEVERAL OTHER - SEQUOIA GROVESN THE PARK, AND - STAFF HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO REACH - THOSE AREAS YET. - >> THE WRAPPING THAT WE SAW - TODAY AND THE RAKING, THOSE ARE - ALL THINGS WE NEVER HAD TO DO - BECAUSE WE DID NOT HAVE HIGH - SEVERITY FIRE BEFORE 2015. - >> Reporter: IT'S AN ALARMING - TREND. - >> WE REALLY ARE SEEING IMPACTS - OF CLIMATE CHANGE THAT THESE - PARKS AND MODELS DID NOT PREDICT - UNTIL 2050 OR 2080 AT THE - EARLIEST. - AND THEY ARE HAPPENING NOW. - THE DROUGHT THAT CALIFORNIA HAD, - 2012 THROUGH 2016, IT WAS - INCREDIBLY SEVERE IN THE - SOUTHERN SIERRA WHERE WE ARE - RIGHT NOW, KILLED 5.8 MILLION - TREES. - THAT MANY DEAD TREES REALLY - CHANGE THIS FIRE BEHAVIOR. - AND THAT'S WHAT WE'RE SEEING ARE - >> Reporter: THOSE IMPACTS ARE

- COMING AT AN UNNATURALLY FAST - PACE. - >> WE CANNOT HAVE HUGE SWATHS OF - LAND CONVERTING FROM FORESTS TO - SHRUBS OVERNHT. - THE PLANTS AND ANIMALS CAN'T - ADJUST TO THAT. - THE THINGS WE CARE ABOUT, CLEAN - AIR, CLEAN WATER, THEY WILL BE - DETRIMENTALLY AFFECTED. - THEY WILL BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED - BY THOSE RAPID, LARGE SCALE, - ABRUPT CHANGES. - >> Reporter: LAST YEAR'S CASTLE - FIRE KILLED 10 TO 14% OF THE - ENTIRE POPULATION OF GIANT - SEQUOIAS, WHICH ONLY GROW IN - CALIFORNIA'S SIERRA NEVADA - MOUNTAINS. - >> WHEN WE GOT THE DRONE - FOOTAGE, THE HELICOPTER FOOTAGE, - WE ALL CRIED. WE HAD NEVER, EVER - SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THAT. - AND WHEN WE FINALLY HIKED OUT - THERE IN THE SPRING AND SAW IT - IN PERSON, PEOPLE WERE HOPEFUL, - LIKE, OH, MAYBE IT WON'T BE AS - BAD AS IT LOOKFROM THE - HELICOPTER. - AND WE HIKED OUT THERE EIGHT - MILES, NO TRAIL. - AND IT'S DEVASTATED. - BLACK DIRT, ALMOST NO SEEDLINGS, - ENTIRE SEQUOIAS TURNED TO - STICKS. - THAT IS WHAT CAN HAPPEN IF WE DO

- NOT PREPARE BEFOREHAND AND THEN - >> Reporter: A YEAR LATER, TWO - SEQUOIAS ARE STILL BURNING FROM - THE CASTLE FIRE. - >> WE USED OUR HELICOPTER. - WE DUMPED WATER ON THEM. - THEY'RE STILL BURNING. - AND IF UNLESS WE GET A HEAVY - WINTER, A REGULAR WINTER, THAT - REALLY DUMPS SNOW, COOLS THEM - DOWN, GETS THE WOOD FULLY - SATURATED, I DON'T KNOW WHEN - THEY'RE GOING TO STOP BURNING. - THAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE. - >> Reporter: MARK MORALES HAS - BEEN OVERSEEING EFFORTS TO FIGHT - THIS YEAR'S K.N.P. COMPLEX FIRE. - HE SAYS THE DECADES OF - PRESCRIBED BURNING IN THE PARK - ARE PAYING OFF. - BUT THE SHEER NUMBER OF - WILDFIRES THAT HAVE BURNED - ACROSS THE WEST THIS YEAR MEANS - RESOURCES ARE LIMITED. - >> WE HAVE VERY LARGE FIRES - WE'RE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHERE - WE CAN GO PUT LINES, WHAT - RESOURCES ARE NEEDED, WHETHER - IT'S A BULLDOZER, A HAND CREW, - AN ENGINE CREW. - AND SO IF YOU DON'T HAVE THOSE - RESOURCES AVAILABLE, YOU HAVE TO - DECIDE, WHERE CAN WE GO? - SO YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PUT - PEOPLE IN THE HIGHEST PRIORITY - AREAS. - >> Reporter: GIVEN THE - CHALLENGES, MORALES IS PROUD OF

- HIS CREW'S PROGRESS BATTLING THE - FIRE. - BUT HE SAYS THE RELENTLESS PACE - TAKES ITS TOLL. - >> THEY HAVE BEEN AT THIS FOR AN - EXTREMELY LONG TIME. - AND SO, YOU KNOW, THEY'RE NOT - EVEN AT THE END OF A VERY LONG - SEASON. - SO CUMULATIVE FATIGUE IS AN - ISSUE FOR ALL OF THE LEADERSHIP - ON THOSE CREWS THAT THEY HAVE TO - CONSTANTLY ASSESS. - IT'S BEEN A TOUGH SEASON. - >> Reporter: AND THEY AREN'T YET - OUT OF THE WOODS. - IN A SEQUOIA GROVE USED BY U.C. - BERKELEY FOR RESEARCH, THAT - HASN'T BURNED IN 100 YEARS, - ROBERT YORK POINTS OUT THE - POTENTIAL FOR THE KIND OF - DESTRUCTIVE FIRE THAT HAPPENS - WHEN TOO MUCH FUEL PILES UP ON - THE FOREST FLOOR. - >> WHEN I LOOK AT THIS FOREST, - AND WHAT I'M THINKING ABOUT IS, - OH, THERE HASN'T BEEN A FIRE - HERE IN A LONG TIME AND - THEREFORE THERE HASN'T BEEN A - FIRE THAT COULD ESSENTIALLY - CLEAN OUT ALL THE ALL OF THE - LOGS IN THE STICKS THAT ARE ON - THE GROUND. - I ALSO THINK ABOUT HOW DIFFICULT - IT MIGHT BE TO HAVE A GOOD FIRE - AT THIS POINT BECAUSE THERE'S SO - MUCH FUEL THAT'S GOING TO CREATE - MORE INTENSITY FOR WHEN A FIRE

- DOES OCCUR. - >> Reporter: IT'S A PARADOX: BAD - FIRES THAT BURN TOO HOT AND TOO - HIGH CAN BE LETHAL FOR SEQUOIAS, - BUT THE TREES DO NEED SOME FIRE - TO RELEASE SEEDS FROM THEIR - CONES. - AND THE YEARS-LONG WESTERN - DROUGHT AND HOER TEMPERATURES - ARE THREATENING THE VIABILITY OF - THOSE SEEDS. - >> IF WE CONTINUE TO HAVE HOT - AND DRY SPRINGS, EVEN IF WE DO - GET DISPERSAL OF SEEDS, IF THEY - DON'T HAVE ADEQUATE SOIL - MOISTURE, THEY'RE NOT GOING TO - SURVIVE AND THERE'S GOING TO BE - FAILURES OF GIANT SEQUOIA - SEEDLINGS. - >> Reporter: SO, YORK IS LOOKING - AT WAYS TO DO MORE PRESCRIBED - BURNING AND EVEN PLANT NEW - SEQUOIAS. - >> THEY'RE A STRONG SPECIES IN - MANY WAYS. - IT GIVES ME HOPE THAT THEY'RE - GOING TO PERSIST UNDER SOME - PRETTY VARIABLE CONDITIONS IN - THE FUTURE. - BUT I ALSO THINK THAT THEY'LL - PROBABLY NEED SOME HELP. - I KNOW THAT THEY'LL NEED SOME - HELP. - >> Reporter: CHRISTY BRIGHAM - AGREES THAT THE ANCIENT SEQUOIAS - WILL STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE WITHOUT - SOME HELP. - >> ACTION HAS TO HAPPEN BEFORE - THE WILDFIRE COMES. - AND THE PROBLEM IS WHEN IT'S NOT

- BURNING, PEOPLE DON'T FEEL THE - URGENCY. - WE NEED TO DO THE PRESCRIBED - BURNING AND THE RESTORATIVE - THINNING BEFORE THE FIRE GETS - THERE. - >> Reporter: OUT OF THE ASHES, - BRIGHAM HOPES WILL RISE A NEW - SENSE OF URGENCY TO PROTECT - THESE PILLARS OF LIVING HISTORY. - >> WE DO THI OF THEM AS BEING - IMMORTAL, AND THAT IS ONE OF THE - THINGS WE LOVE ABOUT THEM. - THEY'RE LIKE SUPERHEROES, RIGHT? - NOTHING CAN KILL THEM. - THEY LIVE FOREVER. - THEY'VE BEEN HERE 2,000 YEARS, - BUT THEY ARE BEING KILLED. - THEY'RE BEING KILLED BY ACTIONS - THAT WE HAVE TAKEN BY CLIMATE - CHANGE. - 2,000 YEARS OF LIVING HISTORY. - I MEAN, THEY'RE ANCIENT BEINGS - AND THEY'RE DYING BEFORE OUR - VERY EYES. - AND WHAT REALLY GETS TO ME IS - THAT WE'RE NOT ACTING FAST - ENOUGH. - >> Reporter: A REMINDER THAT - EVEN SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST - RESILIENT ORGANISMS CAN BE - CASUALTIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M CAT - WISE IN SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK. - >> Nawaz: THE U.S. FISH AND - WILDLIFE SERVICE TODAY PROPOSE

- MOVING 23 ANIMALS AND PLANTS OFF - THE ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST, - DECLARING THEM EXTINCT. - AS JOHN YANG REPORTS, THESE - EXTINCTIONS ARE PART OF AN - ACCELERATING CRISIS DRIVEN BY - HUMAN-LED CAUSES: HABITAT - DESTRUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE. - >> Yang: AMNA, PERHAPS THE MOST - WELL-KNOWN OF THE SPECIES NOW - DEEMED GONE FOREVER IS THE - IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. - FOR DECADES, IT HAD BEEN THOUGHT - TO BE ALREY EXTINCT AND WAS - CHASED THROUGHOUT THE AMERICAN - SOUTH BY BIRD WATCHERS AND - HUNTERS. - OTHER SPECIES ON THE LIST: THE - BACHMAN'S WARBLER SONGBIRD, A - GROUP OF BIRDS AND BATS FOUND - ONLY IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. - THE LIST ALSO INCLUDES SOME FISH - AND FRESHWATER MUSSELS. - TIRA CURRY IS A SENIOR - SCIENTIST AT THE CENTER FOR - BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, A NON- - PROFIT GROUP THAT WORKS TO - PROTECT ENDANGERED SPECIES. - TIERRA, THANKS SO MUCH FOR BEING - WITH US. - BEFORE THIS, 11 SPECIES HAD BEEN - ON THE ENDANGERED LIST HAVE BEEN - DECLARED TO BE EXTINCT. - AND NOW TODAY, 23, THEY'RE - PROPOSING TO ADD TO THAT LIST - WHAT HAS DRIVEN THE EXTINCTION - OF THESE 23 SPECIES.

- >> SO THIS IS THE SINGLE LARGEST - BATCH OF SPECIES THAT ARE BEING - PROPOSED FOR DE-LISTING DUE TO - EXTINCTION IN HISTORY, AND YOU - CAN KIND OF LOOK AT THEM IN - GROUPS, THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS, - A LOT OF THEM WENT EXTINCT - BECAUSE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF - DAMS ACROSS THE EASTERN U.S. - THAT STARTED A THE WAY BACK IN - 1914. - BUT MUSSELS HAVE REALLY LONG - LIFESPAN. - SOME OF THEM CAN LIVE TO BE 100. - SO THE DAMS BEGAN THE EXTINCTION - PROCESS AND THEN WHEN THEIR - HABITAT SHRANK, POLLUTION AND - OTHER THINGS AFFECTED THE - MUSSELS FOR THE HAWAII SPECIES. - WE LOST EIGHT BIRDS IN HAWAII. - THE REAL STORY THERE IS INVASIVE - SPECIES, EITHER GOATS OR PIGS - THAT ATE THE VEGETATION THAT - THEY NEEDED OR INVASIVE SPECIES - THAT PREYED ON THEM DIRECTLY, - LIKE RATS AND MONGOOSES AND - FERAL CATS. - AND THEN CLIMATE CHANGE CAME - INTO PLAY BECAUSE IT BROUGHT - DISEASES THAT ARE MOSQUITO BORNE - INTO HABITATS WHERE THEY HADN'T - BEEN BEFORE AND THAT THAT WAS

- KIND OF THEIR DOWNFALL. - >> Yang: WHAT ARE THE - IMPLICATIONS OF SPECIES GOING - EXTINCT LIKE THIS? - >> WELL, IT MEANS WE'VE MADE A - MISTAKE THAT CAN NEVER BE - CORRECTED, WE'VE LOST BEINGS - THAT WE SHARE THE PLANET WITH - THAT ARE GONE FOREVER, AND IT - MEANS THAT THE ECOSYSTEMS WHERE - THEY LIVED ARE NEVER GOING TO BE - THE SAME AGAIN. - LIKE FRESHWATER MUSSELS FILTER - WATER. - THEY PROVIDE FOOD FOR OTHER - ANIMALS. - THEY STABILIZE IN THE - RIVERBANKS. - THEY DO SO MANY ECOSYSTEM - SERVICES FOR US. - AND NOW WE'VE DIMINISHED THAT - CAPACITY BECAUSE WE'VE LOST - THEM. - >> Yang: ARE THERE NATURAL - FORCES THAT LEAD TO EXTINCTION? - I MEAN, YOU TALKED ABOUT SORT OF - THE MANMADE EFFECTS THAT THAT - HAVE LED TO THE EXTINCTION OF - THESE 23. - BUT ARE THERE NATURAL FORCES AS - WELL? - >> THERE ARE AND THE DIFFERENCE - WITH WHAT'S HAPPENING NOW IS THE - NATURAL BACKGROUND RATE HAS BEEN - ACCELERATED BY 100 TO 1,000 - TIMES. - SO FOR FRESHWATER SPECIES, - THEY'RE GOING EXTINCT A THOUSAND - TIMES MORE RAPIDLY THAN THEY - WOULD IN THE NATURAL RATE - BECAUSE OF CHANGES WE'VE MADE TO - THE ENVIRONMENT. - >> Yang: THERE'S A U.N. STUDY

- THAT SAYS A MILLION SPECIES ARE - AT RISK OF BECOMING OR AT RISK - IN THE COMING YEARS. - WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REVERSE THAT - OR WHAT CAN BE DONE TO PROTECT - THOSE SPECIES? - >> EVERYTHING. - A LOT OF PEOPLE HEAR THAT A - MILLION SPECIES ARE AT RISK OF - EXTINCTION AND THEY FEEL - HOPELESS. - BUT WE CAN SAVE A MILLION - SPECIES AND CHANGE THE TAGLINE - TO WE SAVED A MILLION SPECIES - FROM EXTINCTION. - A LOT OF IT COMES DOWN TO - FUNDING. - THEIR HABITAT NEEDS TO BE - PROTECTED. - THEY NEED MONITORING. - WE NEED TO ADDRESS THINGS LIKE - WATER POLLUTION AND INVASIVE - SPECIES AND DIRECT EXPLOITATION - OF WILDLIFE. - BUT WE CAN'T DO ALL OF THESE - THINGS LIKE WE DON'T HAVE TO - LOSE ANY MORE SPECIES TO - EXTINCTION IF WE ACT TO SAVE - THEM. - >> Yang: SINCE THE ENDGERED - SPECIES ACT WAS PASSED IN 1973, - I BELIEVE THAT 54 SPECIES HAVE - BEEN REMOVED FROM THAT LIST - BECAUSE THEIR POPULATIONS HAVE - RECOVERED AND 48 OTHERS HAVE - BEEN MOVED FROM ENDANGERED TO - THREATENED. - IS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT - WORKING?

- >> IT'S ABSOLUTELY WORKING. - THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT HAS - PREVENTED THE EXTINCTION OF 99% - OF THE PLANTS AND ANIMALS ON THE - LIST AND IT'S AMAZING GIVEN THAT - IT'S NEVER GOTTEN THE FUNDING - THAT IT NEEDS TO FULLY RECOVER - SPECIES. - SO, YES, THE LAW WORKS AND IT - NEEDS MORE FUNDING. - >> Yang: YOU ALSO TALKED ABOUT - IN THE CAUSES YOU LISTED CLIMATE - CHANGE AS ONE OF THEM. - HOW BIG A FACTOR IS THAT? - >> IT'S AN ENORMOUS FACTOR, - CLIMATE CHANGE THREATENS LIFE ON - EARTH AS WE KNOW IT, IT - THREATENS WILDLIFE AND HUMANS. - AND SO OTHER FACTORS ALSO DRIVE - EXTINCTION, HABITAT LOSS, - INVASIVE SPECIES, POLLUTION, - OVEREXPLOITATION. - BUT NOW CLIMATE CHANGE IS - OVERARCHING. - ALL OF THOSE. - >> Yang: TIERRA CURRY, THE - CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. - THANK YOU VERY MUCH. - >> THANK YOU. - >> Nawaz: AS THE OLD SAYING - GOES, THERE'S NO BUSINESS LIKE

- SHOW BUSINESS, BUT FOR 18 MONTHS - DURING THE PANDEMIC, BROADWAY - THEATERS HAD VIRTUALLY NO - BUSINESS AT ALL. - JEFFREY BROWN RECENTLY VISITED - THE THEATER DISTRICT'S ARTISANS - WHO ARE MAKING SURE BROADWAY - PUTS ITS BEST FACE FORWARD AND - COMES BACK TO LIFE. - IT'S PART OF OUR ARTS AND - CULTURE SERIES, CANVAS. - >> Brown: THE GREEN SUIT, WORN - BY LIN MANUEL MIRANDA IN THE - MUSICAL "HAMILTON." - MIRANDA TOLD THE COSTUME - DESIGNER IT SHOULD BE “THE COLOR - OF MONEY.” - CRYSTALS AND MIRRORS ON ELSA'S - ICE DRESS FROM DISNEY'S - "FROZEN." - FROM “PHANTOM OF THE OPERA”: - WHAT ELSE? - THE MASK. - THEY ARE DEFINING IMAGES OF - CONTEMPORARY BROADWAY. - BUT EVEN LIVE IN THE THEATER YOU - DON'T GET TO SEE THEM LIKE THIS. - >> WHEN YOU'RE SITTING IN THE - FIFTH ROW OR THE TENTH ROW OR IN - THE BALCONY, YOU'RE NEVER THIS - CLOSE TO THE COSTUMES, TO THE - POINT WHERE YOU CAN SEE THE - AMOUNT OF CRAFTSMANSHIP, THE - WORKMANSHIP AND THE DETAILS THAT - GO INTO EACH ONE OF THESE.

- >> Brown: BRIAN BLYTHE HELPED - PUT TOGETHER THIS EXHIBITION, - CALLED “SHOWSTOPPERS”. - HE'S A FOUNDER OF “THE COSTUME - COALITION,” A GROUP OF MORE THAN - 50 SMALL BUSINESSES THAT MAKE - THESE AMAZING GARMENTS, LIKE - THIS DRESS FROM “WICKED.” - CAN I TOUCH IT? - >> I'LL LET YOU TOUCH IT. - >> Brown: WHY DO YOU DO ALL OF - THIS UNDERNEATH? - IN SUCH EXQUISITE DETAIL? - >> BECAUSE THEY'RE LIVING IN - THIS FANTASY WORLD. - YOU KNOW, THEY'RE IN EMERALD - CITY. - AND WHEN AN ACTOR PUTS THIS ON, - THEY BECOME THE CHARACTER. - THAT'S HOW THEY REALIZE THEIR - CHARACTER IS THROUGH THEIR - COSTUME. - >> Brown: BUT SINCE MARCH OF - 2020: NO CHARACTERS, NO - COSTUMES, NO SHOWS. - NOW, GRADUALLY, TENTATIVELY, THE - SPECTACLE IS COMING BACK. - THE MUSICAL “SIX” WAS SUPPOSED - TO OPEN THE SAME DAY BROADWAY - SHUT DOWN IN 2020. - THE SIX, BY THE WAY, ARE THE - WIVES KILLED BY HENRY VIII. - NOW, THEY'VE COME TO LIFE - ONSTAGE. - AND OPENING NIGHT RECENTLY WAS - SOLD OUT. - >> THIS IS MY FIRST BROADWAY - SHOW BACK, WHICH IS VERY

- EXCITING. - AND I THINK IT WILL BE SO - INSPIRG. - >> WE ARE JUST THRILLED FOR - BROADWAY AND WE CANNOT WAIT TO - SEE "SIX." - I WILL BE BACK TO SEE A BUNCH OF - SHOWS. - >> Brown: “SIX” IS ONE OF 15 - BROADWAY SHOWS REOPENING - THROUGHOUT SEPTEMBER. - 20 MORE ARE SET TO OPEN BEFORE - THE END OF THE YEAR, WITH - PATRONS MASKED AND REQUIRED TO - HAVE PROOF OF VACCINATION OR - NEGATIVE TEST RESULTS TO ENTER - THEATERS. - CHARLOTTE ST. MARTIN IS - PRESIDENT OF THE BROADWAY - LEAGUE, A TRADE GROUP - REPRESENTING THEATER OWNERS. - >> WE SAID FROM DAY ONE, WE WILL - NOT OPEN UNLESS WE FEEL WE CAN - KEEP THE AUDIENCE, THE CAST AND - CREW SAFE. - THEY MIGHT BE A LITTLE BIT - SENSITIVE ABOUT THE DELTA - VARIANT, BUT WE'RE TRYING TO - SPREAD THE MESSAGE THAT WE'RE - SAFE, WEE SECURE, AND ALL OF - THE MAGIC THEY LOVED ABOUT - BROADWAY IS STILL THERE. - >> Brown: MAGIC, AND MONEY: - BROADWAY IS A BUSINESS WITH A - LARGE BEHIND-THE-SCENES - ECOSYSTEM FED BY TICKET SALES, - WITH EVERY PRODUCTION EMPLOYING

- SCORES OF WORKERS CRUCIAL TO - MAKING THE SHOW GO ON. - AND THEN THERE'S ITS WIDER - IMPACT ON THCITY. - >> WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR 97,000 - JOBS IN THIS CITY AND 80% OF THE - TOURISTS THAT ARE COMING HERE - FOR PLEASURE GIVE BROADWAY AS - THEIR NUMBER ONE, TWO OR THREE - REASON FOR COMING TO THE CITY. - SO WE NEED TO BE OPEN NOT JUST - FOR US, BUT TO BRING NEW YORK - BACK. - >> WE LOST OVER TWENTY $6.6 - MILLION IN GROSS REVENUE IN - 2020. - WE HAVE INCURRED AN IMMENSE - AMOUNT OF DEBT DURING THE - PANDEMIC. - >> Brown: SHOWSTOPPERS, - OCCUPYING AN OUT-OF-BUSINESS - SPORTING GOODS STORE ON 42nd - STREET, WAS CONCEIVED AS A - FUNDRAISER, WITH TICKET SALES - BENEFITING COSTUME WORKERS. - ACCORDING TO BLYTHE, THEY FACE A - COLLECTIVE DEBT OF $3.5 MILLION. - IN AN INDUSTRY WHERE NOTHING BUT - THE BEST WILL DO, SOME OF THE - PEOPLE WHO MAKE THESE COSTUMES - TOOK PART IN THE EXHIBITION. - CAMILLA CHUVERSKY IS A - THEATRICAL MILLINER-- SHE MAKES - HATS. - >> I THINK THERE'S A BIT OF A - FALSE PERCEPTION WITH COSTUMES - THAT THEY'RE NOT AS WELL MADE AS

- EVERYDAY GARMENTS. - AND IN FACT, THE OPPOSITE IS - TRUE. - THEY HAVE TO HOLD UP THROUGH - EIGHT SHOWS A WEEK AND STILL - LOOK BEAUTIFUL THE ENTIRE TIME, - BECAUSE WHEN YOU'RE GOING TO - BROADWAY MORE THAN REGIONAL - THEATER, WHAT YOU'RE PAYING FOR - IS THE PRODUCTION VALUES. - >> Brown: THE PANDEMIC, SHE - SAYS, FORCED SOME TO LEAVE THE - INDUSTRY OR RETIRE EARLY, - REVEALING JUST HOW FRAGILE SOME - OF THE COSTUMING TRADES ARE. - >> THERE ARE A LOT OF TECHNIQUES - AND SKILLS THAT REALLY ARE - PASSED DOWTHROUGH TRAINING ON - THE JOB AND THAT A LOT OF PEOPLE - DON'T KNOW AND WOULD HONTLY BE - LOST IF SOME OF THESE SHOPS - CLOSED. - THERE'S KNOWLEDGE THAT WOULD - JUST VANISH BECAUSE IT IS SO - PARTICULAR TO THE INDUSTRY. - >> Brown: ANOTHER BEHIND-THE- - SCENES ART FORM: FABRIC PAINTER. - HOCHI ASIATICO HAS WORKED ON - BROADWAY FOR 25 YEARS, PAINTING - EVERYTHING FROM THE MOST - DETAILED PATTERNS TO A - CHARACTER'S SWEAT. - A PAINTER FOR A BROADWAY SHOW, - MOST PEOPLE PROBABLY DON'T KNOW - THERE IS SUCH A THING.

- >> MOST OF THE AUDIENCE, THEY - DON'T KNOW, AND THEY JUST GET - THE FEELING OF SOMETHING AND I - THINK THEY GET INTO THE - CHARACTER. - BUT REALLY, THE PAINTING IS VERY - IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF - THE CHARACTER. - >> Brown: ASIATICO HAND-PAINTED - THESE ROBES, SET IN THE EARLY - 19TH CENTURY, FOR THE PLAY,“ - GOLDEN CHILD.” - >> SO WE HAD TO RESEARCH THE - COLORS THAT WERE AVAILABLE AT - THE TIME AND THE STYLE AT THE - TIME. - ALSO, WE WANTED THEM TO LOOK A - LITTLE BIT EMBROIDERED. - SO WE HAVE TO CONSIDER THE - DISTANCE ON STAGE, HOW THE - LIGHTING WORKS. - >> Brown: THE PEOPLE WE MET ARE - NOW BACK AT WORK MAKING COSTUMES - FOR PRODUCTIONS. - BUT WILL THE AUDIENCE RETURN? - WITH TOURISM STILL DOWN IN NEW - YORK CITY, THE BROADWAY LEAGUE - HAS A NEW $1.5 MILLION AD - CAMPAIGN, NARRATED BY OPRAH, - STRATEGICALLY TARGETING THOSE - WITHIN A CAR DRIVE. - AND, AS WE SAW RECENTLY, THOSE - WHO ARE COMING ARE GLAD TO BE - BACK, EVEN AMID CONTINUING - UNCERTAINTY.

- >> I'M LOVING THE FACT THAT THE - SHOWS ARE BACK AND BEING ABLE TO - COME AND SEE AS MANY SHOWS AS - POSSIBLE. - >> PLEASE LET BROADWAY OPEN. - >> YES. - >> PLEASE LET BROADWAY STAY - OPEN! - >> Brown: FOR NOW, AT LEAST, IT - IS. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M - JEFFREY BROWN IN NEW YORK. - (CHEERS AND APPLAUSE) - >> Nawaz: AND, A NEWS UPDATE - BEFORE WE GO: A LOS ANGELES - JUDGE HAS SUSPENDED BRITNEY - SPEARS' FATHER, JAMIE SPEARS, - FROM CONSERVATORSHIP OF THE - SINGER'S ESTATE. - THE JUDGE CALLED IT A "TOXIC - ENVIRONMENT," AND APPOINTED A - TEMPORARY CONSERVATOR. - AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR - TONIGHT. - I'M AMNA NAWAZ. - JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE - TOMORROW EVENING. - FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS - NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU - SOON. - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS - NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: - >> THE LANDSCAPE HAS CHANGED, - AND NOT FOR THE LAST TIME.

- THE RULES OF BUSINESS ARE BEING - REINVENTED, WITH A MORE FLEXIBLE - WORKFORCE, BY EMBRACING - INNOVATION, BY LOOKING NOT ONLY - AT CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES, BUT - AHEAD TO FUTURE ONES. - >> PEOPLE WHO KNOW, KNOW B.D.O. - >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER - CELLULAR HAS BEEN OFFERING - NO-CONTRACT WIRELESS PLANS, - DESIGNED TO HELP PEOPLE MORE - OF WHAT THEY LIKE. - OUR U.S.-BASED CUSTOMER SERVICE - TEAM CAN HELP FIND A PLAN THAT - FITS YOU. - TO LEARN MORE, VISIT - www.consumercellular.tv. - >> THE FORD FOUNDATION. - WORKING WITH VISIONARIES ON THE - FRONTLINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE - WORLDWIDE. - >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT - OF THESE INSTITUTIONS - AND INDIVIDUALS. - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR

- PUBLIC BROADCASTING. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - Captioning sponsored by - NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC - Captioned by - Media Access Group at WGBH - access.wgbh.org - ♪ - >>> HELLO, EVERYONE, AND WELCOME

- TO "AMANPOUR & COMPANY." - HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP. - WE HAVE A CULTURE OF - DISBELIEVING SURVIVORS AND - VICTIMS AND BELIEVING THEIR - POWERFUL ACCUSERS. - >> VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, ANITA - HILL JOINS ME ABOUT HER 30-YEAR - BATTLE AGAINST AN EPIDEMIC THAT - NEVER ENDS AND HER NEW BOOK - "BELIEVING". - PLUS -- - >> AT NO TIME WAS I ATTEMPTING - TO CHANGE OR INFLUENCE THE - PROCESS, UTHORP AUTHORITY OR - INSERT MYSELF IN THE CHAIN OF - COMMAND. - >> THE TOP GENERAL IN THE HOT - SEAT, CHAIRMAN MILLEY GETS A - DRILLING OVER THE AFGHANISTAN - WITHDRAWAL AND REPORTS