PBS NewsHour; September 29, 2019, 5:30pm-6:00pm PDT

- Captioning sponsored by WNET - >> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION - FOR SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 29: THE - WHISTLEBLOWER FALLOUT CONTINUES. - IN OUR SIGNATURE SEGMENT: - CHINA'S SUPER RICH AND THE - GROWING WEALTH GAP. - AND THE POWER OF MUSIC ON THE - BRAIN. - NEXT ON "PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND." - >> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE - POSSIBLE BY: - BERNARD AND IRENE SCHWARTZ. - SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III. - THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEIN - FAMILY. - THE J.P.B. FOUNDATION. - ROSALIND P. WALTER, IN MEMORY - ROF GEORGE O'NE. - BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG. - CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED - BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA, DESIGNING - CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUE

- RE PRODUCTS. - THAT'S WHY WE'RE YOUR - RETIREMENT COMPANY. - ADDITIONAL SUPPORT HAS BEEN - PROVIDED BY: - AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING, A PRIVATE - CORPORATION FUNDED BY THE - AMERAN PEOPLE. - AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR - PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE - YOU. - THANK YOU. - FROM THE TISCH WT STUDIOS AT - LINCOLN CENTER IN NEW YORK, - HARI SREENIVASAN. - as - >> Sreen: GOOD EVENING AND - THANKS FOR JOINING US. - THE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY INTO A - WHISTLEBLOWER'S CHARGES THAT - PRESIDENT TRUMP PRESSURED - UKRAINE TO INVESTIGATE ONE OF - HIS DEMOCRATIC OPPONENTS WL BE - THE SUBJECT OF CONGRESSIONAL - HEARINGS THIS WEEK. - THIS MORNING, IDENT TRUMP'S - PERSONAL ATTORY RUDY GIULIANI - SAID HE WOULD ONLY COOPERATE - WITH THE HOUSE IMPEACHMENT - INQUIRY IF HIS CLIENT AGREED. - >> I HAVE TO BE GUIDED BY MY - CLIENT, FRANKLY. - I'M A LAWYER. - IT'S HIS PRIVILEGE, NOT MINE. - IF HE DECIDETHAT HE WANTS ME - TO TESTIFY, OF COURSE I'LL - TESTIFY, EVEN THOUGH I THINK - ADAM SCHIFF IS AN ILLEGITIMATE - CHAIRMAN. - HE HAS ALREADY PREJUDGED THE

- CASE. - >> Sreenivasan: THE CHAIR OF THE - HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE, - PRESENTATIVE ADAM SCHIFF, SAID - HE HAS NOT DECIDED IF HE WILL - CALL GIULIANI BEFORE THE - COMMITTEE. - BUT SCHIFF SAID HE DOES EXPECT - THE HOUSE TO GET "UNFILTEREDST - ONY" FROM THE - COMPLAINT "VERY SOON."D THE - >> WE ARE TAKING ALL THE - PRECAUTIONS WE CAN TO MAKE S - THAT WE DO SO-- WE ALLOW THAT - TESTIMONY TO GO FORWARD IN A WAP - THTECTS THE - WHISTLEBLOWER'S IDENTITY. - BECAUSE AS YOU CAN IMAGINE WITH - THE PRESIDENT ISSUING THREATS - LIKE "WE OUGHT TO TRESE - PEOPLE EXPOSE MY WRONGDOING - AS WE USED TO TREAT TRAITORS AND - SPIES," AND WETRSED TO EXECUTE - TORS AND SPIES, YOU CAN - IMAGINE THE SECURITY CONCERNS - HERE. - >> Sreenivasan: AT THE HEART OF - THE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY FACING - PRESIDENT UMP IS A REPORT FROM - A STILL-ANONYMOUS WHISTLEBLOWER. - THE PRESIDENT AND MAHIS - SUPPORTERS ARE DEMANDING A NAME - AND EVEN THREATENING SEVERE - PUNISHMENT. - BUT WHAT RIGHTS DOES A - WHISTLEBLOWER HAVE AND HOW DID - THE FEDERAL LAW THAT PROTECTSO - THOSE INT OUT FRAUD ANDE - ABUSE IN GOVERNMENT COME TO BE? - JOINING ME NOW IS JOHN PHILLIPS, - A FOUNDING PARTNER AT E LAW

- FIRM PHILLIPS AND COHEN AND A - RARMER AMBASSADOR TO ITALY IN - THE OBAMA ADMINION. - HE HELPED AUTHOR THE MODERN-DAY - ECLSE CLAIMS ACT, WHICH PR - GOVERNMENT WHISTLEBLOWERS. - JOINING US. - WHAT WAS THE DESIGN HERE WHEN - YOU CAME UP WITH THIS ACT, IFFR - YOU SAUD AND ABUSE THAT YOU - WOULD HAVE A SAFE WAY TO REPORT - IT? - >> YES, I MEAN THE CERN AND - WHAT LEADS TO THE ENACTMENT OF - THIS LAW, AMENDME, THIS LAW - BACK IN 1986 WAS THE RAMPANT - FRAUD BEING COMINMITTED AGA - THE GOVERNMENT, IN ALL AREAS - WHERE THE GOVERNMENT SPENDS - MONEY. - AND SO LITTLE OF IT INGOF - RECOVERED. - SO SENATOR GRASSLEY, REPUBLICAN - FROM IOWA WAS THEP SONSOR OF - THIS BILL, I WORKED CLOSELY WITH - HIM TO ENCOURAGE - WHISTLE-BLOWERS, PEOPLE ON THE - INSI OF THESE COMPANIES, - WHETHER THEY ARE A DEFENSE - CONTRACTOR, A HEALTH- - PROVIDER UNDER ME-- MEDICARE OR - WHATEVER. - PEUDLE WHO SEE AND WITNESS F - AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT, WHICH - WAS RAMPANT AND COMMON PLACE - BECAUSE THE ODDS OF GETTING - EXPOSED WAS SO SMALL THEN, THAT - IF YOU COME FORWARD WE'LL - PROTECOU.

- AND IN THIS CIRCUMSTANCE YOU - WILL EVEN POTENTIALLY GET - COMPENSATION IF IT IS SUCCESSFUL - AT THE END. - AND HERE WE ARE 32 YEARS LATER. - IT HAS BEEN A SECTACULAR - SUCCESS. - WHISTLE-BLOWER COMPLAINTSGH - REPRESENT 85% OF ALL THE - RECOVERIES THE TREASURY GETS - EVERY YEAR. - >> IS THERE A DISTINCTION - BETWEEN WHETHER YOU ARE - WHISTLE-BLOWING ON SAY A DEFENSE - VERSUS SOMEBODY INEACCO COMPANY - INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY THAT IS - DOING THIS INSIDE THE - ADMINISTRATION? - >> WELL, THAT'S WHY CONGRESS, - 1998 PASSED THIS LAW, VERY - SPECIFICALLY SAYING THE STEPS - THAT YOU MUST TAKE IN ORDER TO - DE VOTE THIS W-- INVOKE THIS - LAW. - AND WE WILL PROTECT YOU IF YOU - DO THIS. - WE WIL PROTECT YOUR ANONYMITY - WHICH IS SOMETIMES VERY HARD TO - DO. - AND WE'LL PRTECT YOU FRM ANY - RETALIATORY ACTION. AGAIOINST Y. - >> BUT THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE - WILLIAM BAR HAS SAID THERE'S NO - THERE THERE, BY READING WHAARE - THE NOTES FROM THE PHONE CALL,

- HE SAYS THIS WASN'T MERITING ANY - FURTHER INVESTIGATION. - >> I FIND THAT JUSIN READING - NOW WHAT IS AVAILABLE TO THE - PUBLIC, READING THT TRANSCRYPT - PRETTY PREPOS TRUS STATEMENT - STRKS LIKE SING WHAT IS BACK - CK WHITE. - LOOK AT WHAT - TRANSFIRE-- TRANSPIRED. - LOOK AT ALL THE BREADCRUMBS - LEADING UP TO THAT. - THIS WASN'T JUST THE ONE PHONE - CALL, IT WAS A LONG PROCESS.AK - CLEARLY UNDE BY THE - ADMINISTRATION TO GET UKRAINE TO - PARTICIPATE IN DIGGING UP DIRT - ON HIS OPPONENT D USING THE - LEVERAGE OF HIS OFFICE AND - TAXPAYER MNEY TO BASICALLY - EXTORT THAT. - >> WHAT ABOUTHE DEFINITION DE - HEAR SAI VERSUS PRIMARY WITNESS, - WHETHER THE WHISTLE-BLOWER HAS - FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE OR WHETHEIS - S A COMPILATION OF THINGS. - BECAUSE HE SAYS ABOUT HALF A - DOZEN PEOPLE HADH GIVENIS - INFORMATION TO HIM. - >> HERE SAY IS A TECHNICAL TRM - US IN A COURT PROCEEDINGS WHEN - YOU ARE TRYING TO GET A WITNESS' - TESTIMONY BLOCKED CAUSE HE IS - NOT THE ORIGINAL SOURCE OF THAT

- INFORMATION. - THEY WANT TO HEAR FROM THE - ORIGIN PERSON TO COME IN AND - SAY WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT - YOUR DIRECT KNOWLEDGE. - BUT HEAR SAI IS OFTEN ADMITTED - IN COURT, THIS IS NOTHING OF - WHAT IS GOING ON HERE. - HAVING REPRESENTED IN OUR FIRM - OUSANDS OF WHISTLE-BLOWERS IN - THE LAST 30 YEARS THRK IS NOTEAA - SII'LE PERSON- SPECULATING, - NOT A SINGLE PERSON STEPPING - FORWARD BUT HE DOES REFERENCE - SIX PEOPLIN THE INTELLIGENCE - APPARATUS WHEN THE WHITE - HOUSE-- WITHIN T WHITE HOUSE - WITHIN WITH WHOM HE OR SHE HAVE - CONSULTEEW CLEARLY IN MY - THEY WERE DISCUSSING THIS AND HE - STEPPED FORWARD TO PRESENT THEIR - COLLECTIVE KNOWLEDGE. - I ALSO AM GUESSING THAT THE - INSPECTOR GENAL INVESTIGATED - THIS, PURSUANT TO THE LAW, DID, - PROBABLY, IT'S NOT EN REPORTED - YET, INTERVIEWED THOSE SIX - PEOPLE BECAUSE HE WOULD HAVE - PROVIDED THE NAMES UNDER - CONFIDENTIALALLITY BASIS. - AND THOSE SIX PEOPLE, PRESUMABLY - CORROBORATED WHAT HE SAID. - BUT THE REAL TEST, INERMS OF - WHETHER THIS LAW WORKS OR NOT - WORKS IS NOT JUST THIS CASE BUT

- WILL IT ENCOURAGE OTHERS O SEE - SIMILAR MISCONDUCT, BE WILLING - TO TAKE THE RISK AND STEP - FORWARD. - >> ALL RHT, JOHN PHILLIPS WHO - HELPED AUTHOR THE - ODERN Y - FALSE CLAIMS ACTS, THANKS SO - MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY. - >> THANK YOU. - >> Sreenivasan: FOR THE LATEST - ON U.S. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS WITH - CHINA, VISIT pbs.org/newshour. - FOR MOST OF THE LAST CENTURY, - GETTING RICH IN CHINA WAS - AGAINST THE RULES. - THE COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT'S - PLANNED ECONOMY SAW TO THAT. - BUT THINGS CHANGE IN THE 1980s - WHEN THEN LEADER DENG XIAOPING'S - RALLYING CRY WAS "TO GET RICH IS - GLORIOUS." - TODAY, PRESIDENT XI JINPING'S - ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGN HAS - RESULTED IN A CRACKDOWN ON - OSTENTATIOUS DISPLAYS OF WEALTH. - IT COMES WITH ONE CLEAR MESSAGE: - A LIFE OF LUXURY MUST COME - SEND TO COMMUNIST PARTY - LOYALTY. - ALL THIS ACHINA PRODUCES - BILLIONAIRES FASTER THAN ANY - COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.UP - WITHRT FROM THE PULITZER - CENTER WE CONTINUE OUR SERIES, - "CHINA: POWER AND PROSPERITY" - WITH NEWSHOUR SPECIALT - CORRESPONDTRINA YU

- REPORTING FROM BEIJING. - >> Reporter: THEIR PACING IS - PRECISE, THEIR SPACING - SEAMLESS, AND THEIR POURS ARE - PERFECT. - THIS IS CHINA'S FIRST BUTLER - ACADEMY AND THEY'RE PRACTICING - THE EXACT VINTAGE POUR. - THEIR SIX-WEEK COURSE INCLUDES - CENTURIES-OLD TRADITIOUD. - BUT THESE TS AREN'T BEING - TRAINED TO SERVE OLD WEALTH. - THEIR FUTURE EMPLOYERS WILL BE - MEMBERS OF CHINA'S NEW RICH. - IN COMMUNIST CHINA, MILLIONAIRES - ARE BEING MINTED FASTER THAN - ANYWHERE ELSE. - THE FILLING HARBORS WITH - MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR YACHTS, - WATCHING LASER LIGHT SHOWS AT - $3,000 A NIGHT HOTELS AND BUYING - LUXURIES.XURI - SARA JANE HO KNOWS ALL ABOUT THE - POSSIBILITIES AND PRESSURES OF - BEING WEALTHY IN CHINA. - >> AVERAGE PRICE HERE IS - PROBABLY $1,000 U.S., NOT TOO

- EXPENSIVE AT ALL. - BELED CHINA'S "MILLENNIALOLD HAC - MARTHA STEWART," AND FOUNDED THE - COUNTRY'S FIRST FINISHING - SCHOOL. - MANY OF HER STUDENTS ARE SECOND - GENERATION RICH, BORN IN THE 80 - s, AND BORN INTO MILLIONS. - >> IN NO OTHER COUNTRY THAN - CHINA HAVE COU HAD SUCH AOU - GREAT OF CHANGE IN SUCH A - SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME.AV - AND NOW THEYSO MUCH MONEY - THAT THE LAST THING THEY WANT TO - DO IS SEE THEIR KIDSROUGH - ANY KIND OF HARDSHIP. - FOR THE KIDS, A LOT OF IT IS - ABOUT INDIVIDUALITY. - THEY WANT TO SPEND ON SOMETHING - THAT OTHER PEOPLE DON'T HAVE. - >> Reporter: SARA JANE IS AN - EXPERT ON WHERE TO SHOP, WHAT TO - WE, AND WHERE TO BE SEEN. - AT AN UP-MARKET ITALIAN - RESTAURANT IN DOWNTOWN SHANGHAI, - SARA JANE SHARES HER - MICHELIN-SRRED MEAL WITH HER - SOCIAL MEDIA FOLLOWERS. - >> TASTES SO GOOD. - GOES WITH ROSE WINE. - SEA URCHIN TACO. - >> Reporter: LUNCH COSTS ABOUT

- $400, THAT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF A - MONTHLY MIDDLE-INCOME SALARY.N - >> WU MAKE SO MUCH MONEY - IN SUCH A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME, - IT ACTUALLY PLACES A LOT OF - PRESSURE ON AN INDIVIDUAL. - THERE'S NO OLD MONEY IN CHINA - BECAUSE OF HISTORICAL REASONS. - A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE VERY POOR,L - I MEAN EVERYBODY WAS VERY POOR, - UP UNTIL THE 90s.ep - >> Rter: ACCUMULATING WEALTH - IN COMMUNIST CHINA WAS ONCE - CONSIDERED COUNTER - REVOLUTIONARY. - MAO ZEDONG CAME TO POWER IN 1949 - VOWING TO ELIMINATE CLASS AND - ABOLISH CAPITALISM. - AFFLUENT FAMILIES LOST THEIR - WEALTH AND MANY LOST THEIR LIVED - AS MAO PURSUIS UTOPIAN - VISION OF COMMUNISM. - THAT VISION RECOMMED IN THE - FAMINE, AND LEFT AOST 90% OFROM - THE POPULATION LIVING IN EXTREME - POVERTY. - THAT ALL CHANGED IN THE 1980s, - WHEN LEADER DENG XIAOPINGG - LOOSENED STATE CONTROL OVER

- CHINA'S ECONOMY AND PERMITTED - PRIVATE ENTERPRISE, REFORMS - WHICH WOULD RN THE COUNTRY - INTO THE WORLD'S SECOND LARGEST - ECONOMY.RS - YATER, CHINESE CITIES - HAVE BECOME SHOPPING MECCAS - CATERING TO CHINA'RAPIDLY - EXPANDING MIDDLE-CLASS, AND - UPPER CLASS. - CHINESE CONSUMERS MAKE UP A - THIRD OF THE $1.3 TRILLION - GLOBALUXURY MARKET. - AND LUXURY SPENDING IS EXPECTED - TO GROW BY OVER 10% THIS YEAR. - IT'S A TREND TAO LIANG HAS IN - THE BAG. - THE 26-YEAR-OLD IS KNOWN AS "MR. - EAGS," AN ENTREPRENEUR A ONE - OF THE COUNTRY'S TOP ONLINE - INFLUENCERS. - HE HAS MILLIONS OF LOYAL FANS - WHO HANG ON HIS EVERY - RECOMMENDATION. - DURING AN ONLINE CAMPAIGN LAST - YEAR, HIS COMPANY SOLD HALF A - MILLION DOLLARS WORTH OF BAGS IN - JUST SIX MINUTES. - >> DEFINITELY SOME CHINESE GIRLU - BAGS BECAUSE THEY WANT BIG

- BRANDS, THEY WANT PEOPLE TO KNOW - THEY'RE RICH, THEY WANT PEOPLEW - TO KEY'RE TASTEFUL. - BUT NOWADAYS, I THINK A LOT OF - CHINESE WOMEN WHEN THEY BUY BAGS - THEY REALLY BUY GS BECAUSE - THEY WANT TO PURSUE HAPPINESS. - >> Reporter: INTERNATIONAL A - BRAN WORKING HARD TO - CONTRIBUTE TO THE HAPPINESS AND - HANDBAG COLLECTIONS OF CHINESE - CONSUMERS. - BUTHEY DON'T ALWAYS GET IT - RIGHT. - LAST NOVEMBER, DOLCE AND GABBANA - STOKED FURY AFTER RELEASING THIT - ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN IN CHINA. - CHINESE SOCIAL MEDIA USERS - ACCUSED THE BRAND OF - REINFORCING RACIST STEREOTYP. - CONSUMER BACKLASH RESULTED IN - DOE AND GABBANA BEING BANN - FROM CHINESE ONLINE RETAILERS. - LASTONTH VERSACE, GIVENCHY A - COACH ISSUED APOLOGIES AFTER - PRINTING T-SHIRTS DESCRIBING - HONG KONG AND TAIWAN AS SEPARATE - FROM CHINA.LL - UTS WITH FOREIGN FASHION - LABELS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE

- POWER OF CHINA'S INCREASINGLY - WEALTHY POPULATION. - BUT BEING WEALTHY IN CHINA HAS - ITS LIMI. - WHEN IT COMES TO THE CHINESE - GOVERNMENT, BEING TOO RICH CAN - BE RISKY. - CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING HAS - LAUNCHED AN ANTI-CORRUPTION - CAMPAIGN AND OVERSEE - INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE - COUNTRY'S WEALTHIEST AND MOST - POWERFUL. - MORE THAN 100,000 HAVE BEEN - JAILED FOR EMBEZZLEMENT ANDIB - Y, OTHERS FIRED FOR - THROWING LAVISH PARTIE - INDULGING IN EXPENSIVE LIQUOR.GA - OSTENTATIOUS WH IS REGULARLYUN - DENOD ON STATE MEDIA AND - PRIMETIME TV. - THE HIT TELEVISION SHOW "FATHER - WHERARE WE GOING?, - CANCELLED BECAUSE OF ITS - PORTRAL OF SPOILED SECOND - GENERATION RICH CHILDR - COMMENTATOR AND ACADEMIC ZHU - DAKE SAYS IT'S IN THE - VERNMENT'S INTEREST TO REIGN - IN "CRAZY RICH" BEHAOR. - GOVERNMENT KNOWS T RICHCHINESE

- PEOPLE SHOW OFF THEIR WEALTH TOO - MUCH, IT WILL DEEPEN THE - IMPRESSION OF THE CIAL - POLARIZATION BY ORDINARY PEOPLE. - THE CHINGOVERNMENT REQUIRES - RICH PEOPLE TO BE LOW-KEY, AND - POOR PEOPLE TO BE CONTENTED WITH - THEIR LIFE. - THEN THE COUNTRY WOULD BE. - STAB - >> Reporr: CHINA'S - ULTRA-WEALTHY MUST CLOSELY ALIGN - THEMSELVES WITH THE GOVERNMENT.. - JACK MA, A TECH TYCOON WITH AN - ESTIMATED $40 BILLION FORTUNE, - IS A MEMBER OF THE COMMUNIST - PARTY. - >> I LIKE-- I FEEL PROUD, FOR - WHAT PRESIDENTI SAID - YESTERDAY. - CK Reporter: MOVIE STAR JAIEepor - CHAN ROUTINELY DEFENDS BEIJING, - AND ATTACKS INTERNATIONAL - CRITICS. - LAST MONTH, THE HONG KONG - RESIDENT DESCRIBED PRO-DEMOCRACY - PROTESTS IN THE CITY AS "SAD AND - DEPRESSING," AND CALLED HIMSELF - A PROTECTOR OF THE CHINESE FLA - >> ( translated ): YOU MUST - FIRSTLY BE ON THE SAME SIDE AS - E GOVERNMENT, SO THE - GOVERNMENT CAN FEEL THEY MADE - YOU SUCCESSFUL.OF - ALHE SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE - SHOULD STAND ON THE SAME SIDE

- WITH THE GOVERNMENT. - IF Y DO NOT SUPPORT THEM, TH - WILL MAKE YOU UNSUCCESSFUL. - >> Reporter: THE GOVERNMENT HAS - 2020, SAYING IT'S ED 83Y BY - MILLION RUL POOR OUT OFN - POVERTY OVER T LAST SIX YEARS. - BUT ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK, - MANY MORE REMAIN BEHD. - 40% OF THEOUNTRY'S POPULATION, - 500 MILLION PEOPLE, CONTIN TO - LIVE ON LESS THAN $5.50 A DAY. - AND WHILE SOME STRUG PUT A - ROOF OVER THEIR HEAD, OTHERS - BUILD ROOFS, FOR THEIR DOGS. - ZHOU TIAO SPENT HALF A - MILLION DOLLARS ON A PET - PARADISE FOR HIS BORDER COIE - SYLAR. - COMPLETE WITH A TRAINING GYM, A - DOG-THEMED PARTY SPACE, AND AN - INDOOR DOGGIE POOL. - ZHAO TIANXIAO GREW HIS FORTUNE - SELLING PET PRODUCTS ONLINE. - HE SHOWED US A WALL DECORATED

- WITH PHOTOS OFIS BEST FRIEND - WHO HE CREDITS WITH LIFTING HIM - OUT OF DEPRESSION. - >> ( translated ): IT'S LIKE - RAISING A CHILD. - HAVE DEEP AFFECTION FOR MY - DOG, I RARELY TAKE PHOTOS OF - MYSELF. S - WHEONE ASKS ME, HOW SHOULDLD - I INTRODUCE YOU, I SAY "CALL ME - SYLAR'NTDAD." - HE'S IRATED INTO EVERY PART - OF MY LIFE. - >> - RICHEST 1% OWN A THIRD OF THE - COUNTRY'S WEALTH. - ZHOU SAYS HE'S BOMBANLINE - BY CRITICS WHO QUESTION HIS - CHOICE TO SPLURGE ON A DOG WHILE - MILLIONS MUST FIGHT TO SURVIVE. - BUT THONLY OPINION HE CARES - ABOUT IS SYLAR'S.sl - >> ( tred ): HE - VER - CARES ABOUT WHO YOU ARE OR YOUR - SOCIAL STATUS. - PEOPLE THINK I'M SOME - SILVER-SPOON KID WASTING MY - PARENT'S MONEY BY GIVING MY DOG - A LIFE OF LUXURY. - THAT'S NOT TRUE. - I'VE WORKED HARD AND EXPERIENCED - CHALLENGES. - >> Reporter: AND AS THE GAP - BETWEEN CHINS RICH AND POOR - CONTINUES TO GROW ZHOU REFUSES

- TO APOLOGIZE FOR HIS LIFESTYLE. - >> ( translated ): IT'S NORMAL - TO BE CRITICIZED, I DON'T CARE. - PART OF THE MONEY YOU EARN PAYS - FOR THE CRITICISM YOU BEAR. - MY MIND IS AT PEACE. - >> Reporter: IN CHINA, IT SEEMS - THERE'S VERY LITTLE MONEY CAT - BUY. - FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M - KATRINA YU, IN BEIJING. - Sreenivasan: HAVE YOU EVER - WONDERED WHY YOU SOMETIMES GET A - TINGLING FEELING WHEN YOU HEAR I - CERTAIE OF MUSIC? - WE DID. - AND, WE THOUGHT WE COULD ASK A - MUSICIAN FOR THE ANSWER-- OR WE - COULD ASK A NEUROSCIENTIST. - SOMEONE WHO IS BOTH?HY NOT ASK - WE FOUND ONE IN INDRE VISKONTAS, - WHO IS A PROFESSOR AT THE SAN - FRANCISCO CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC - AND THE AUTHOR OF "HOW MUSIC CAN - MAKE YOU BETTER." - >> I'M INDRE VISKONTAS.GE - I'M AN OPERA SAND A - COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENTI. - ♪ ♪

- SO I'M REALLY INTERESTED IN HOW - THE BRAIN CHANS WITH - EXPERIENCE OR WITH LEARNING, - ESPECIALLY WHEN IT COMES TO - MUSIC. - ♪ ♪ - MUSIC CAN MAKE US BETTER IN - TERMS OF HEALING OUR BODIES, IN - TERMS OF EXERCISING BETTER - EVEN REWIRING OUR BRAINS AFTER - AN INJURY. - ♪ ♪ - SO IF I HAD TO SUM UP THE BRAIN - IN ONE SENTENCE AND WHAT IT'S - REALLY GOOD , I WOULD SAY IT'S - REALLY GOOD AT PREDICTING THE - FUTURE. - WE ARE ESSENTIALLY PATTERN - RECOGNIZING MACHINES. - ♪ ♪ - EVERY GREAT MUSICIAN KNOWS THAT - A GREAT PERFORMANCE INVOLVES - BUILDING UP TENSION TO AN - EVENTUAL RELEASE. - AND THAT BECAUSE THAT TAPS - INTO OUR PATRN RECOGNITION - APPARATUS IN THE BRAIN. - IS TRYING TO FIGURE - OUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN NEXT. - HAS A PREDICTABLE PATTERN, MAYBE - THAT WE'VE HEARD BEFORE, BUTTH - EITHER DELAYS THAT RELEASEAS

- OF TENSION LIKE BARBER'S "ADAGIO - FOR STRINGS."♪ - ♪ ME - YOU KNOW, THDY JUST WEAVES - AROUND THE FINAL CLIMAX OVER AND - OVER AND OVER AGAIN. - ♪ ♪UR - OR, WHERE ITISES US. - WE THINK THE MELODY IS GOING TO - GO IN ONE DIRECTION AND THEN IT - N A DIFFERENT - DIRECTION. - ♪ I SEE A LITTLE - SILHOUETTO OF A MAN - ♪ SCARAOUCHE, SCARAMOUCHE - WILL YOU DO THE FANDANGO ♪HA - >> "BOHEMIANODY" IS A - GREAT AMPLE WHERE WE HAVE ONE - EXPECTATION OF A RESULT AND .EN - IT CHANGES - ♪ GALILEO, GALILEO FIGARO - MAGNIFICO ♪ - >> AND IT CHANGES DRASTICALLY. - AND THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS - PEOPLE LOVE THAT SONG. - ♪ ♪ - WE SEE TS KIND OF BUILD UP OF - THE EXPECTATION OF REWARD - HAPPENING IN OUR REWARD SYSTEM - IN THE BRAIN, WITH THE - NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE ETC.NE - AND THEN WHEN WE ACTUALLY GET TO - THE CLIMAX OF THE PIECE-- - ♪ ♪ - WE SEE THIS RELEE OF THE - PLEASURE CHEMICAL DOPAMINE, FOR

- EXAMPLE, IE NUCLEUS - BRAIN THAT IS INVOLVED IN LIKING - SOMETHING. - ♪ ♪ - SO, EAR WORMS ARE A TERM THAT WE - USE FOR SONGS THAT GET STUCK IN - OUR HEADS. - THE TECHNIL SCIENTIFIC TERM IS - "STUCK SONG SYNDROME" OR - "INVOLUNTARY MUSICAL IMAGERY." - AND ESSENTIALLY IT HAPPENS OFTEN - WHEN WE'REOT KIND OF THINKING - ABOUT IT. - BUT IF I TELL YOU THE NAME OF AO - COUPSONGS THAT OFTEN DOES - IT, LIKE "WHO LET THE DOGS O - T - ♪ WHO LETHE DOGS OUT? B - OR "BAD ROMANCLADY GAGA. - RAH RAH, AH HA HA. - ♪ RAH RAH, AH HA - YOU KNOW, YOU'VE GOT IT ALREADY - PROBABLY IN YOUR HEAD. - OR IF YOU'RE A PARENT, " - SHARK." - ♪ BABY SHARK - DOO DOO DOO DOO DOO ♪ - MY APOLOGIES. T - THESE ARE SONGSE ARE - MELODIES THAT ARE REALLY CATCHY. - THEY'RE NOT TOO SIMPLE, BUT - THEY'RE NOT TOO COMPLICATED - THER. - AND OFTEN THEY DON'T HAVE A - CLEAR ENDING-- OR AT LEAST WE - DON'T REMEMBER HOW THEY END. - WHAT'S MORE MEMORABLE IS THE - ACTUAL MELODY, BUT NOT HOW IT - DS. - SO IF YOU'RE TRYING TO GET THE - EAR WORM OUT OF YOUR EAR, ONE

- STRATEGY IS TO SING IT IN YOUR - HEAD AS VIVIDLY AS POSSIBLE - UNTIL YOU GET TO THE END. - AND EVEN IF YOU DON'T REMEMBER - THE END, MAKE IT UP. - ♪ ♪ - SO BOTH MUSICIANS AND MUSIC - RESEARCHERS KNOW THAT WE DON'T - SEE THE RHYTHM, WE FEEL THE - BEAT. - ♪ ♪ - THE PARTS OF OUR BRAIN THAT ARE - ENGAGED IN BEAT PROCESSI ARE - THE SAME PARTS OF OUR BRAIN THAT - ARE ENGAGED IN MOTOR PLANNING - AND MOTOR ACTIONS, RIGHT. - SO WE ACTUALLY FEEL IT WITHIN - OUR BODIES AND IN FACT THERE ARE - NCH OF OUR BIOLOGICAL - RHYTHMS THAT IN TRAIN TO THE - RHYTHM OF DIFFERENT BEATS. - SO, FOR EXAMPLE WE CAN SEE THIS - IN OUR BRAIN WAVES, WE CAN SEE - IT IN OUR HEART RATES, IN OUR - PULSE, IN OUR BREATHING. - WE TEND TO SYNC UP WITH THE - BEAT, IT ACTUALLY DOES SORT OF - TRIGGER THE PARTS OF YOUR BRAIN - THAT ARE INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT. - ♪ ♪ - LISTENING TO CALM MUSIC WHEN YOU - ARE ANXIOUS CAN ALSO LOWER YOUR - HEART RATE, DEEPEN YOUR - BREATHING, BECAUSE NOW ALL OF A

- SUDDEN YOUR BRAIN IS TTO - SYNC UP WITH THE MUSIC AND IF - THE SIC HAS A SLOWER PULSE, - THEN THAT SLOWS WN THESE OTH - AUTONOMIC PARTS OF YOUR NERVOUS - SYSTEM. - SO THAT'S WHY MUSIC CAN BE VERY - CALMING AND IN FACT, IT'S - TO MUSIC BEFORE SURGERY ANDTEN - ACTUALLY NEED LESS SEDATIVE. - AND WE CAN, YOU KNOW, SEE LEVELN - OF THE CORTISOL HORMONE THAT - CREASE WHEN PEOPLE ARE - LISTENING TO MUSIC SO WE KNOW - THEY'RE LESS STRESSED AND WE - NEED, YOU KNOW, FEWER SEDATIVE - DRUGS IN THOSE KINDS OF - SITUATIONS. - >> THISS PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND, - SUNDAY. - >> Sreenivasan: LEGOS-- THE - UBIQUITOUS LITTLE PLASTIC BLOCKS - THAT HAVE ENTERTAINED - GENERATIONS OF CHILDREN ARE NOT - JUST FOR KIDS. - THIS WEEK, IN THE DANISH TOWNDA - WHERE THE LEGO COMPANY IS - HEADQUARTERED, FIFTEEN GROWNUPS - WERE HONORED FOR THEIR LEGO - CREATIONS. - WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF "ADULT - FANS OF LEGO." - >> Reporter: INSIDE THE LEGO - HOUSE, ITSF A MONUNT TO THE - TINY BRICKS THAT BUILT AN

- EMPIRE, 15 "ADULT FANS OF LEGO" - FROM AROUND THE WORLD PUT THEIR - CREATIONS ON DISPLAY. - >> THERE ARE THOUSANDS AND - THOUSANDS OF LEGO FANS IN THE - WORLD AND IT IS INCREDIBLE TOS - MEET THEM AND SEE THEIR PASSIOAS - THE SAME PON THAT WE HAVE - FOR THE LEGO BRICK AND WHAT THEE - CAN DO WITH TH BRICK. - >> Sreenivasan: THE COMPANY SAID - IT CHOSE THE BUILDERS WHO BEST - CHALLENGED THE PATION OF - WH CAN BE BUILT FROM LEGO - BRICKS - >> THIS IS VERY SPECIAL. - NOT ONLY IS IT A BEAUTIFULUT - MODEL, A BUL CONSTRUCTION - OF A FACE, BUT IT HAS A - FANTASTIC AND SURPRISING - MECHANISM INSIDE IT. - SO WHEN YOU EN THE HEAD UP, ITU - REVEALS THIS FANTAIC CREATION. - >> Reporter: THE CANADIAN COUPLE - WHO BUILT IT CALL IT "INSIDE THE - MIND OF AN ARTIS" - >> THE FACT THAT I CAN HAVE AN - IDEA IN MY HEAD OF SOMETHING T - BUILD AND I CAN JUST GO TO MY - COLLECTION AND LIKE, A DAY - LATER, OR AN HOUR LATER, A DAY - LATER, A WEEK LATER, I CAN - REALIZE WHAT I WAS THINKING, - JUST USING THE PIES I HAVE. - >> Sreenivasan: FROM HUMAN B

- SHAPES, LDINGS, TO A - TYPEWRITER AND EVEN A CORAL - REEF, THE ADULT LEGO F - BROUGHT THEIR SOMETIMES FRAGILE - CREATIONS AND CAREFULLY RE-BUILT - THEM FOR DISPLAY. - WORKING ON IT AND UST LIKEEADY - A REAL CORAL REEF. - IT'S NEVER DONE. - IT'S ALWAYS GROWING AND - CHANGING. - >> IF MY WIFE WOULD LET ME I - WOULD MAKE MY HOUSE JUST LIKE - THIS. - EVERY ROOM WOULD BE LIKE THIS. - BUT I AM MARRIED, SO I CAN'T DO - THAT - >> Sreenivasan: NEWSHOUR AND THE - CHLITZER CENTER'S SPECIAL TEN- - PART SERIES, "A: POWER AND - PROSPERITY" CONTINUES THROUGHOUT - THE COMING WEEK AND AGAIN NEXT - SATURDAY.FI - YOU CA ALL OF THE REPORTS - ONLINE AT pbs.org/newshour. - AND TO THOSE WHO CELEBRATE ROSH - HASHANAH, HAPPY NEW YE - THAT'S ALL FOR THIS EDITION OF" - HIS PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND." - I'M HARI SREENIVASAN. - THANKS FOR WATCHING. - HAVE A GOOD NIGHT. - Captioning sponsored by WNET - Captioned by

- Media Access Group at WGBH - access.wgbh.org - >> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE - POSSIBLE BY: - BERNARD AND IRENE SCHWARTZ. - SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III. - THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEIN - FAMILY. - THE J.P.B. FOUNDATION. - ROSALIND P. WALTER, IN MEMORY - OF GEORGE O'NEIL - BARBARA HOPE ZUCKEERG. - CORPORATE FUNDING IS PROVIDED - BY MUTUAL OF AMERICA, DESIGNING - CUSTOMIZED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP - MTHAT'S WHY WE'RE YOUR - RETIREMENT COMPANY. - ADDITIONAL SUPPORT HAS BEEN - PROVIDED BY:PR - AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR - IC BROADCASTING, A PRIVA

- CORPORATION FUNDED BY THE - AMERICAN PEOPLE. - TRIBUTIONS TO YOUR - PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE - YOU. - THANK YOU. - BE MORE. - S. - THE WORKERS WERE - LITERALLY LIKE SLAVES.

- Announcer: NEXT - ON "LATINO AMERICANS"... - Man: THEY'RE TREATED LIKE - ANIMALS, AND WE'RE GOING - TO CHANGE IT. - CESAR NEVER GOT PAST - THE EIGHTH GRADE, - AND YET HE WAS BRILLIANT. - Announcer: FROM THE FAS - TO THE SCHOOLS... - MaCH WE'RE TRYING TO - MAKE SLS BETTER, - TRYING TO MAKE - THE COUNTRY BETTER. - THE MOVEMENT'S MOMENTUM - CREATES MAEM. - Man: PEOPLE BEING - CLUB AD BECAUSE THEY - WANTEDEDUCATION. - NEXT ON "LATINO AMERICANS." - Announcer: CORPORATE FUNDING - FOR "LATINO AMERICANS" - WAS PROVIDED BY... - Announcer: "LATINO AMERICANS" - IS THE UNTOLD STORY - OF HOW A COMMUNITY IS REDEFINING - THE IDENTITY OF A NATION. - FORD IS PROUD TO HELP LATINOS - BUILD A BETTER FUTURE. - FORD: LLEGA MÁS LEJOS. - WAS PROVIDED BY - THE FORD FOUNDATION, - WORKING WITH VISIONARIES ON THE - FRONT LINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE, - WORLDWIDE.