PBS NewsHour; Monday, August 8, 2022, 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

JUDY: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, THE BIDEN AGENDA -- WEXAMINE THE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF THE MAJOR CLIMATE AND HEALTH CARE PACKAGE PASSED BY THE UNITED STATES SENATE. THEN, A TOXIC LEGACY -- RESIDENTS LIVING NEAR ABANDONED URANIUM MINES FIGHT TO HOLD COMPANIES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABLE AFTER EXPERIENCING HIGH RATES OF CANCER. >> THERE IS A HIGH PRICE THAT YOU PAY FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY. THEY NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE FRONT END OF THIS PROCESS AND THEY NEED TO THINK A LITTLE BIT HARDER ABOUT THE BACK END OF THE PROCESS. JUDY: AND, A CLOSE RACE -- KENYANS PREPARE TO HEAD TO THE POLLS TO SELECT THEIR NEXT LEADER AFTER A HEATED CAMPAIGN, AS THEIR COUNTRY'S POSITION IN THE REGION GROWS MORE IMPORTANT.

ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S "PBS NEWSHOUR." >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE "PBS NEWSHOUR" HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY. >> IT'S THE LITTLE THINGS. THE REMINDERS OF WHAT'S IMPORTANT. IT'S WHY FIDELITY DEDICATED ADVISORS ARE HERE TO HELP YOU CREATE A WEALTH PLAN. A PLAN WITH TAX SENSITIVE INVESTING STRATEGIES. PLANNING FOCUSED ON TOMORROW, WHILE YOU FOCUS ON TODAY. THAT'S THE PLANNING EFFECT, FROM FIDELITY. >> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INDIVIDUALS AND INSTITUTIONS. AND FRIENDS OF THE "NEWSHOUR."

>> THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION, FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS ADVANCING IDEAS AND SUPPORTING INSTITUATIONS TO PROMOTE A BETTER WORLD. AT HEWLETT.ORG. >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. JUDY: IT IS A FRACTION OF WHAT PRESIDENT BIDEN FIRST SOUGHT

MORE THAN A YEAR AGO, BUT AFTER WORKING THROUGH THE WEEKEND, DEMOCRATS ARE ON THE CUSP OF PASSING AN HISTORIC SPENDING PACKAGE. CONGRESSIONAL CORRESPONDENT LISA DESJARDINS IS HERE TO UNPACK WHAT'S IN THE DEAL AND HOW PARTY LEADERS MANAGED TO GET IT DONE. SO, HELLO, LISA. TELL US, WHAT ARE THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THIS AND HOW DID THEY GET IT DONE? LISA: WHAT A DRAMATIC WEEKEND, JUDY. THAT THE ON-PARTY-LINES VOTE THAT HAPPENED YESTERDAY ADVANCED THIS MASSIVE PIECE OF LEGISLATION IN THE U.S. SENATE. THE HOUSE IS EXPECTED TO VOTE FRIDAY. SO, LET'S LOOKT THE BIG PICTURE. WHAT IS IN THIS LARGE PIECE OF LEGISLION? ONE THING THAT WOULD CHANGE HERE SIGNIFICANTLY, IT AIMS TO SET A CORPORATE MINIMUM TAX OF 15% FOR LARGE COMPANIES. IT WOULD USE THAT MONEY IN A FEW WAYS. IT ALSO WOULD OVERHAUL HOW MEDICARE HANDLES PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. THAT WOULD SAVE THE GOVERNMENT MONEY AND SAVE SOME PEOPLE ON MEDICARE MONEY AS WELL. AND THERE ARE EXTENSIVE TAX CREDITS THROUGHOUT THIS BILL TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE. THAT'S WHERE IT SPENDS SOME OF

THE MONEY RAISED THROUGH THOSE TAX INCREASES FOR SOME CORPORATIONS. NOW, JUDY, I WANT TO TALK TO PEOPLE ABOUT ONE OTHER THING IN THIS BILL. IT WOULD ALSO DECREASE THE DEFICIT. NOW WE'RE WAITING FOR FINAL ESTIMATES FROM THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE. BUT HERE'S WHAT WE THOUGHT THE BILL LOOKED LIKE AS OF YESTERDAY, AND HERE'S HOW THAT DEFICIT REDUCTION WORKS. SO, FIRST OF ALL, YOU TAKE THE MONEY BROUGHT IN BY ALL THOSE TAX CHANGES, THAT'S ALMOST HALF-A TRILLION DOLLARS. THEN YOU ADD THOSE HEALTH CARE SAVINGS FROM ALLOWING MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE DRUG PRICES. THAT'S ABOUT $200 BILLION. THEN YOU TAKE -- ADD IN THAT CLIMATE SPENDING. SO, THAT TAKES AWAY. THAT'S ABOUT $400 BILLION, ALSO A LARGE AMOUNT. IN THE END, YOU ADD IT ALL UP AND YOU GET OVER $200 BILLION OF DEFICIT REDUCTION, IN ADDITION TO EVERYTHING ELSE IN THIS BILL. HOW DID DEMOCRATS DO IT? THIS BILL WAS DEAD JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO. YOU AND I TALKED ABOUT IT. WELL, IT WAS A COMBINATION OF GRIT AND TRUST AND PRESSURE INVOLVING TWO MEN IN PARTICULAR, SENATE DEMOCRATIC LEADER CHUCK SCHUMER AND WEST VIRGINIA SENATOR JOE MANCHIN, WHO SAID HE

COULDN'T GET ON BOARD. WELL, HE HAD SECRET TALKS WITH SENATOR SCHUMER. HE SAID AND SCHUMER SAID TODAY IT'S BECAUSE OF ALL THE PRESSURE AFTER HE BACKED OUT THAT CAME ON TO JOE MANCHIN. SEN. SCHUMER: JOE MANCHIN AND I HAD SOME REALLY HEATED ARGUMENTS. AND, AS HE SAID, I TURNED THE DOGS ON HIM WHEN HE BACKED OFF THE AGREEMENT A WEEK AGO -- TWO WEEKS AGO THURSDAY. BUT WE ALWAYS SHOWED EACH OTHER RESPECT. AND YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND HE'S -- WEST VIRGINIA IS NOT NEW YORK. LISA: SO THIS WAS A MATTER OF THE RELATIONSHIP THERE THAT MANCHIN HAD WITH SCHUMER. BUT, ALSO, WE HAD SOME DRAMA YESTERDAY WHEN SENATOR KYRSTEN SINEMA HAD AN ISSUE WITH THE BILL EVEN AS IT WAS ABOUT TO FACE A VOTE. HOW DID THEY G AROUND THAT? ANOTHER IMPORTANT FACE IN ALL OF THIS, SENATOR RON WYDEN, THE CHAIR OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. HIS STAFF MANAGED TO FIND $30 BILLION TO HELP PLUG THAT HOLE THAT WAS A PROBLEM YESTERDAY, AND HIS STAFF HAD A HUGE PART IN WRITING THIS BILL, A REALLY MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT FOR HIM AND DEMOCRATS, WHO -- MANY STAFFERS

HAVE BEEN WORKING ON THIS FOR WELL OVER A YEAR. JUDY: SO MANY TWISTS AND TURNS IN THIS STORY, LISA, AS YOU SAID. SO THAT DOES GIVE US A SENSE OF THE BIG PICTURE. ALSO, GIVE US A SENSE OF WHAT THIS COULD MEAN FOR INDIVIDUAL AMERICANS. LISA: SO MUCH TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT IN THIS, AND I THINK WE'RE GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT IT ON THE SHOW FOR A FEW DAYS. BUT, OBVIOUSLY, FOR THOSE ON MEDICARE, THIS COULD SAVE A LOT OF MONEY IN TERMS OF DRUG PRICES. IT CAPS WHAT YOU COULD SPEND OUT OF POCKET ON MEDICARE ON DRUGS AT $2000. THAT'S SIGNIFICANT. BUT I ALSO WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CREDIT, BECAUSE THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WILL AFFECT MOST FAMILIES IN THIS COUNTRY. IN THIS BILL, THERE IS AN EXTENSION OF A TAX CREDIT TO BUY AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE, A NEW ONE, $7500. AND YOU WOULD GET THAT OFF THE PRICRIGHT THERE AT THE DEALERSHIP. NOW, THIS WOULD BE $4000 IF YOU BOUGHT A USED ELECTRIC VEHICLE. IT DOES EXCLUDE SOME OF THE PRICIER ELECTRIC VEHICLES. THE IDEA IS, THIS IS NOT MEANT TO BE FOR LUXURY VEHICLES, BUT FOR AFFORDABLE-ISH ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR MOST PEOPLE. AND IT ALSO WOULD LIMIT IT TO

WHO CAN GET THIS TO INDIVIDUALS MAKING $150,000 OR LESS, FAMILIES, DOUBLE THAT. SO THIS IS SOMETHING THAT MOST AMERICANS CAN CONSIDER. THERE IS A QUESTION -- IT'S SO BROAD -- OF WHETHER THERE ARE ENOUGH ELECTRIC VEHICLES THAT QUALIFY RIGHT NOW FOR ALL THE DEMAND THAT THIS MAY SPARK INITIALLY. BUT THE IDEA HERE IS THAT, LONG TERM, IT'S CREATING A HUGE BOOST TO THIS INDUSTRY THAT DEMOCRATS SEE AS VITAL IN TERMS OF FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE. JUDY: SO, LISA, WE KNOW THIS IS A PRETTY BIG BILL, 750 PAGES. YOU'RE ALWAYS VERY GOOD AT FINDING SOME THINGS THAT ARE GENERALLY OVERLOOKED. WHAT DID YOU FIND IN HERE? LISA: I'M GOING TO GO THROUGH JUST A FEW THINGS HERE. IT WOULD ACTUALLY EXPAND SOME DRILLING. THAT'S ONE THING THAT SENATOR JOE MANCHIN WANTED ON FEDERAL LANDS. HOWEVER, IT WOULD MAKE THAT DRILLING MORE EXPENSIVE, AND OFFSHORE AS WELL. IT WOULD ALSO EXPAND IRS CAPABILITIES TO AUDIT AMERICANS, REALLY ADDING SOME HEFT TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. AND THEN, FINALLY, COAL MINERS

GOT SOMETHING OUT OF THIS. IT MADE PERMANENT FUNDS TO HELP VICTIMS WHO HAVE BLACK LUNG DISEASE FROM THEIR TIME WORKING IN COAL MINES. JUDY: AND, LISA, JUST FINALLY, THE DEMOCRATS DID CALL THIS THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT. HOW MUCH DOES IT ACTUALLY REDUCE INFLATION? LISA: REMAINS TO BE SEEN, BUT THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE SAID THE EFFECTS ON INFLATION IN THE SHORT TERM ARE NEGLIGIBLE. JUDY: ALL RIGHT. AND WE WILL LEAVE IT THERE. LISA DESJARDINS, THANK YOU. STEPHANIE: I'M STEPHANIE SY WITH NEWSHOUR WEST. WE'LL RETURN TO THE FULL PROGRAM AFTER THE LATEST HEADLINES. THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION EXECUTED A SEARCH WARRANT TODAY AT FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP'S MAR-A-LAGO ESTATE IN FLORIDA. TRUMP CONFIRMED WHAT HE CALLED A RAID. IN A STATEMENT, HE DESCRIBED A LARGE GROUP OF FBI AGENTS ENTERING AND SAID THEY BROKE

INTO HIS SAFE. THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT HAS BEEN INVESTIGATING THE DISCERY OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IN BOXES TAKEN TO MAR-A-LAGO AFTER HE LEFT THE WHITE HOUSE. THE FBI HAS NOT YET COMMENTED ON THE SEARCH. THE NEWSHOUR HAS LEARNED TRUMP WAS IN NEW YORK AT THE TIME. THE UNITED STATES IS SENDING ANOTHER BILLION DOLLARS IN MILITARY AID TO UKRAINE, INCLUDING ROCKETS AND ANTI-TANK WEAPONS. THAT MAKES SOME $9 BILLION IN U.S. ASSISTANCE TO DATE. MEANWHILE, UKRAINE IS WARNING THAT THE ZAPORIZHZHIA NUCLEAR PLANT, NOW UNDER RUSSIAN CONTROL, IS IN JEOPARDY. IT HAS BEEN SHELLED REPEATEDLY IN RECENT DAYS AND THERE ARE FEARS OF A RADIATION LEAK, OR WORSE. >> THIS IS THE BIGGEST POWER STATION IN EUROPE, NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN EUROPE. AND IF SOMETHING HAPPENS, THERE WILL BE HUGE CONSEQUENCES NOT ONLY FOR UKRAINE, PROBABLY ALL UKRAINE WILL BE CONTAMINATED. STEPHANIE: ALSO TODAY, RUSSIA TEMPORARILY HALTED INSPECTIONS

OF ITS NUCLEAR ARSENAL UNDER THE “START” ARMS CONTROL TREATY WITH THE U.S. IT BLAMED AMERICAN SANCTIONS OVER UKRAINE. A CEASE-FIRE HELD TODAY BETWEEN ISRAEL AND ISLAMIC JIHAD MILITANTS IN GAZA AFTER WEEKEND FIGHTING KILLED AT LEAST 46 PALESTINIANS. FUEL AND SUPPLY TRUCKS ENTERED GAZA AS ISRAEL REOPENED CROSSINGS. THAT, IN TURN, ALLOWED GAZA'S SOLE POWER PLANT TO RESUME OPERATIONS. CHINA HAS ANNOUNCED MORE MILITARY EXERCISES AROUND TAIWAN, KEEPING TENSIONS HIGH IN THE REGION. IT'S RETALIATION FOR A TAIWAN VISIT BY NANCY PELOSI, SPEAKER OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. BUT IN DELAWARE THIS MORNING, PRESIDENT BIDEN PLAYED DOWN THE CHANCES OF ESCALATION. PRES. BIDEN: I'M NOT WORRIED, BUT I AM CONCERNED THAT THEY'RE MOVING AS MUCH AS THEY ARE. BUT I DON'T THINK THEY'RE GOING TO DO ANYTHING MORE. STEPHANIE: LATER, THE PRESIDENT GOT A FIRST-HAND LOOK AT FLOOD DAMAGE IN EASTERN KENTUCKY, INCLUDING A SITE WHERE SURGING WATER SMASHED A SCOL BUS INTO A BUILDING. IT WAS HIS FIRST MAJOR TRIP

AFTER EMERGING FROM COVID ISOLATION. THREE WHITE MEN WHO MURDERED AHMAUD ARBERY IN GEORGIA IN 2020 WERE SENTENCED TODAY FOR FEDERAL HATE CRIMES. FATHER AND SON GREG AND TRAVIS MCMICHAEL DREW LIFE IN PRISON. WILLIAM "RODDIE" BRYAN GOT 35 YEARS. THE JUDGE ALSO RULED THEY MUST SERVE THEIR TIME, AND THEIR LIFE SENTENCES FOR STATE MURDER CONVICTIONS, IN STATE PRISON. THE MCMICHAELS HAD ARGUED THEY WOULD NOT BE SAFE THERE. INVESTIGATORS IN NEW MEXICO SEARCHED TODAY FOR A VEHICLE THAT COULD BE CONNECTED TO THE KILLINGS OF FOUR MUSLIM MEN. POLICE SAY THIS CAR, A DARK GRAY OR SILVER VOLKSWAGEN, MAY HAVE BEEN USED IN ALL FOUR HOMICIDES. THE VICTIMS WERE OF SOUTH ASIAN DESCENT. THE LATEST WAS KILLED ON FRIDAY. AND, TWO PASSINGS OF NOTE. PULITZER-PRIZE WINNING AUTHOR DAVID MCCULLOUGH DIED SUNDAY AT THE AGE OF 89 IN MASSACHUSETTS. AND, SINGER AND ACTRESS OLIVIA NEWTON-JOHN DIED THIS MORNING IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. SHE HAD A SERIES OF HIT SONGS IN THE 1970'S AND 1980'S AND STARRED IN THE MUSICAL "GREASE."

OLIVIA NEWTON-JOHN WAS 73 YEARS OLD. STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR," AMY WALTER AND ANNIE LINSKEY WEIGH IN ON HOW THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT COULD AFFECT THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. RESIDENTS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST STRUGGLE WITH THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF URANIUM EXTRACTION. KENYANS PREPARE TO HEAD TO THE POLLS TO SELECT THEIR NEXT PRESIDENT. >> THIS IS THE "PBS NEWSHOUR" FROM WETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON AND IN THE WEST FROM THE WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. JUDY: THE PASSAGE OF THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT IS A MAJOR LEGISLATIVE VICTORY FOR THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION, AND IT COMES AFTER MONTHS OF NEGOTIATIONS, AS WE HAVE HEARD, ON CAPITOL HILL. JOINING ME TO DISCUSS IT ALL IS BRIAN DEESE, CHAIR OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL AND THE PRESIDENT'S TOP ECONOMIC ADVISER. BRIAN DEESE, WELCOME BACK TO THE "NEWSHOUR." AS WE HAVE BEEN SAYING, THIS IS ONLY A FRACTION, MAYBE A FOURTH

OF WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION ORIGINALLY ASKED FOR LAST YEAR. BUT, AT THIS POINT, WHAT IS THIS GOING TO MEAN IF IT BECOMES LAW FOR THE COUNTRY AND FOR THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION? BRIAN: WELL, THANKS FOR HAVING ME. THIS IS A TRULY HISTORIC PIECE OF LEGISLATION. FOR DECADES IN THIS COUNTR WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT DOING SOMETHING ABOUT PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES. THIS BILL WOULD ALLOW MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE LOWER PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES FOR THE FIRST TIME. FOR DECADES, WE HAVE BEEN TRYING TO DO SOMETHING TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE. AND THIS BILL WOULD MAKE THE LARGEST SINGLE IESTMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY SECURITY EVER. AND IT WILL DO BOTH OF THOSE THINGS IN A WAY THAT ACTUALLY REDUCES THE FEDERAL DEFICIT, WHICH IS WHAT WE NEED RIGHT NOW ECONOMICALLY TO TRY TO HELP REDUCE INFLATION AS WELL. SO WHAT THIS IS GOING TO MEAN FOR AMERICAN FAMILIES IS LOWER PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES, LOWER HEALTH CARE COSTS, LOWER ENERGY BILLS ACROSS TIME, AND THE CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT TOGETHER ACTING TO TRY TO REDUCE INFLATION AS WELL.

JUDY: THAT'S AN IMPRESSIVE LIST. THE TITLE OF THE BILL, THOUGH, BRIAN DEESE, IS THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT. THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE TOOK A LOOK AT THIS, AS YOU KNOW. AND WHAT THEY CAME UP WITH IS, THEY SAY IT'S LIKELY TO CHANGE THE INFLATION RATE BY LESS THAN A TENTH OF 1% OVER A FEW YEARS. AND THEY'RE SAYING THEY'RE NOT SURE WHETHER THE CHANGE IS UP OR DOWN. SO IS IT FAIR, DO YOU THINK, TO CALL IT INFLATION REDUCTION? BRIAN: I THINK IT IS. LOOK, ECONOMISTS WHO HAVE LOOKED AT THIS CLOSELY, INCLUDING FORMER TREASURY SECRETARIES FROM BOTH POLITICAL PARTIES, HAVE COME TO THE CONCLUSION THAT THIS WOULD HELP ON EASING PRICE PRESSURES THROUGHOUT OUR ECONOMY. BUT LET ME EXPLAIN WHY THAT'S THE CASE. FIRST, IT WILL LOWER COSTS FOR FAMILIES. SO THE FAMILIES WHO ARE STRUGGLING WITH HIGH PRICES WILL FACE LOWER COSTS. AS EARLY AS JUST THIS FALL, 13 MILLION AMERICANS WILL SEE THEIR HEALTH INSURANCE COME DOWN AS A RESULT OF THIS BILL. AND, SECOND, BY REDUCING THE FEDERAL DEFICIT, THAT IS COMPLEMENTARY TO WHAT THE FED IS TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH AND WILL HELP REDUCE PRICES. AND, THIRD, AND IMPORTANTLY, BY INCREASING THE SUPPLY, SUPPLY OF

ENERGY IN PARTICULAR, IN THIS COUNTRY, WHILE MOVING US TOWARD CLEAN ENERGY, WE'RE GOING TO REDUCE PRICE PRESSURES OVERALL. WE HAD THE CEO'S OF UTILITY COMPANIES HERE. AND THEY SAID, THE PRINCIPAL IMPACT OF PASSING THESE LONG-TERM TAX CREDITS, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR CLEAN ENERGY IS THAT THEY PASS THOSE DIRECTLY ON TO RATE-PAYERS, MEANING A CUSTOMER WHO'S GETTING THE UTILITY BILL IS GOING TO SEE THAT BENEFIT ON HER UTILITY BILL. SO, I THINK, ACROSS THE BOARD, IN PRACTICAL TERMS, IT MEANS LOWER COSTS FOR CONSUMERS. AND, IN ECONOMIC TERMS, IT'S GOING TO MEAN REDUCED PRICE PRESSURES ACROSS THE ECONOMY. JUDY: I'M ASKING YOU ABOUT WHAT THIS IS GOING TO MEAN FOR ORDINARY AMERICANS AND WHETHER MOST AMERICANS ARE GOING TO FEEL THIS, BECAUSE WE HEARD SENATOR BERNIE SANDERS SAY ON THE FLOOR OF THE SENATE -- AND I'M QUOTING HIM -- THIS BILL DOES NOTHING TO ADDRESS THE GREATEST FINANCIAL CHALLENGES FACING FAMILIES IN THIS COUNTRY. BRIAN: WELL, LOOK, WE'RE WORKING ACROSS THE BOARD TO ADDRESS THE FINANCIAL CHALLENGES THAT FAMILIES FACE. AND, AS YOU AND I HAVE TALKED ABOUT BEFORE, THERE ARE THINGS LIKE GAS PRICES THAT ARE FRONT AND CENTER FOR AMERICAN FAMILIES.

WE HAVE MADE A LOT OF PROGRESS ON THAT FRONT, SEEING GAS PRICES DOWN BY ALMOST $1. BUT, IN VERY PRACTICAL TERMS, THIS PIECE OF LEGISLATION WILL MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE FOR FAMILIES IN AREAS THAT ARE REALLY CONSEQUENTIAL TO THEIR LIVES. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND THE COSTS THAT THAT FACES FOR FAMILIES, THAT'S A BIG DEAL, PARTICULARLY FOR FAMILIES THAT FACE -- HAVE A MEMBER OF THE FAMILY WHO HAS A CHRONIC CONDITION. THIS BILL WOULD CAP THE OUT OF POCKET COSTS FOR MEDICARE RECIPIENTS AND THOSE WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS AT $2000. THAT'S A BIG GAME-CHANGING DEAL. FOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE AND ARE WONDERING THIS FALL WHETHER THEY'RE GOING TO SEE THEIR PREMIUMS JUMP UP IN THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, THIS BILL IS GOING TO PROVIDE, AS I SAID, 13 MILLION AMERICANS THE SECURITY TO KNOW THAT THEY'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO KEEP THOSE HEALTH INSURANCE PREMIUMS LOW. AND FOR PEOPLE WHO SIT AROUND THE KITCHEN TABLE AND THINK ABOUT HOW TO MAKE THEIR MONTHLY BILLS ADD UP, THINGS LIKE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND HEALTH CARE PREMIUMS AND THEIR UTILITY BILLS AND ENERGY COSTS, THOSE ARE MEANINGFUL IN THEIR LIVES. JUDY: WELL, YOU -- AND YOU ALSO MENTIONED CLEAN ENERGY HERE. BUT WE KNOW THAT ALSO IN THIS LEGISLATION IS -- ARE PROVISIONS

THAT ARE GOING TO PROVIDE FOR MORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN THE COUNTRY. I THINK PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE BALANCE IS HERE, MORE FOSSIL FUELS, BUT CLEAN ENERGY. HOW DO YOU SQUARE THAT? BRIAN: WELL, I THINK WHAT'S MOST IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND IS THAT THIS BILL PUTS THE UNITED STATES ON A PATH TO MEET ITS CLIMATE COMMITMENTS BY THE END OF THIS DECADE. AND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN DECADES, THE UNITED STATES, IF THIS BILL IS SIGNED INTO LAW, WILL BE IN A POSITION WHERE WE CAN CLEARLY AND CREDIBLY SAY THAT WE WILL MEET OUR CLIMATE COMMITMENTS. THE WAY IT DOES SO IS TO PROVIDE LONG-TERM INCENTIVES, TECHNOLOGY-NEUTRAL INCENTIVES, TO INVEST IN CLEANER AND LOWER EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS THE BOARD, FROM WIND AND SOLAR, TO STORAGE, HYDROGEN, CARBON CAPTURE. THESE ARE THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE GOING TO DRIVE US TO A LOWER-EMISSIONS ECONOMY. AND, ALSO, THEY ARE THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT, IF WE DEVELOP THEM, WE INNOVATE HERE IN THE UNITED STATES, WE CAN EXPORT TO

THE WORLD. THAT MEANS MORE JOBS. IT MEANS MORE MANUFACTURING CAPACITY HERE IN THE UNITED STATES. BUT, ULTIMATELY, IT MEANS THAT WE CAN HIT OUR CLIMATE COMMITMENTS AS A NATION, AND THEN WE CAN HOLD OTHER NATIONS TO ACCOUNT TO HIT THEIRS AS WELL. JUDY: TWO OTHER VERY QUICK QUESTIONS, BRIAN DEESE. YOU SAID THIS IS GOING TO REDUCE THE DEFICIT. BUT THE COMMITTEE FOR A RESPONSIBLE FEDERAL BUDGET LOOKED AT THIS, AND THEY SAID YES, YES, BUT ONLY BY A VERY SMALL AMOUNT, $25 BILLION OVER THE NEXT FIVE YEARS, WHICH IS, THEY SAID, A DROP IN THE BUCKET. BRIAN: WELL, LOOK, OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS, THIS BILL WILL REDUCE THE DEFICIT BY ABOUT $300 BILLION. AND JUST TO PUT THAT IN CONTEXT. THAT WILL COME ON TOP OF THE FACT THAT, ALREADY THIS YEAR, THE DEFICIT IS DOWN $1.7 TRILLION. SO THIS IS DEFICIT REDUCTION THAT WILL BUILD ON A RECORD OF REDUCING THE DEFICIT. AND I WOULDN'T DOWNPLAY THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THAT, PARTICULARLY AT A MOMENT WHERE OUR ECONOMY IS FACING THE PRICE CHALLENGES THAT WE -- THAT WE ARE FACING. DEMONSTRATING THAT WE CAN CONTINUE TO MAKE PROGRESS ON DEFICIT REDUCTION IS IMPORTANT

PART OF THIS BILL. JUDY: FINALLY, THE LAST THING I WANT TO ASK YOU IS, WE KNOW SOME OF THE RICHEST AMERICANS, HEDGE FUND EXECUTIVES, PRIVATE EQUITY EXECUTIVES, VIRTUALLY UNTOUCHED BY THIS BECAUSE OF PROVISIONS THAT WERE TAKEN OUT. BUT WHAT ARE SOME PROVISIONS THAT WERE IN THERE ORIGINALLY THAT THE AINISTRATION, THAT THE PRESIDENT WOULD LIKE TO COME BACK TO IN MONTHS TO COME? BRIAN: WELL, ON THE TAX SIDE, LET ME START WITH WHAT'S IN THERE. WE WILL NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME HAVE A MINIMUM, TAX SO THAT THE LARGEST CORPORATIONS IN THE COUNTRY, THOSE WITH MORE THAN A BILLION DOLLARS IN INCOME, WILL HAVE TO PAY A 15% MINIMUM TAX, WHICH IS A MATTER OF BASIC FAIRNESS AND GOOD TAX POLICY. AND WE WILL BE ABLE TO GET THAT DONE IF THIS BILL IS SIGNED INTO LAW. LOOK, THERE ARE OTHER PROVISIONS THAT THE PRESIDENT FEELS STRONGLY ABOUT, PARTICULARLY MAKING SURE THAT THE HIGHEST-INCOME INDIVIDUALS, THE BILLIONAIRES OF THIS COUNTRY, ARE ALSO PAYING A REASONABLE AMOUNT AS WELL. AND WE HAVE GOT A NUMBER OF PROPOSALS ON THAT FRONT. STILL HAVE WORK TO DO ON. THAT WILL BE WORK REMAINING ONCE WE GET THIS BILL ENACTED INTO LAW. JUDY: ALL RIGHT, WE ARE GOING TO

LEAVE IT THERE. BRIAN DEESE, WHO IS A CHIEF ECONOMIC ADVISER TO THE PRESIDENT, THANK YOU. BRIAN: THANKS. JUDY: AND, AS WE HAVE REPORTED, THE BILL PASSED BY THE SENATE WOULD PUSH BILLIONS OF DOLLARS TOWARD BOOSTING CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS AND COMBATING GLOBAL WARMING. WILLIAM BRANGHAM HAS MORE ON WHAT IS BEING DESCRIBED AS POTENTIALLY AMERICA'S FIRST MAJOR CLIMATE LAW. WILLIAM: THAT'S RIGHT, JUDY. IF THIS PASSES THE HOUSE AND THE PRESIDENT SIGNS IT INTO LAW, IT WILL BE BY FAR THE BIGGEST INVESTMENT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS EVER MADE TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE. ACCORDING TO SEVERAL ESTIMATES, THIS INITIATIVE COULD PRODUCE A 40% REDUCTION IN AMERICA'S CARBON EMISSIONS BY 2030. THAT'S COMPARED TO 2005 LEVELS. SO, FOR SOME CONTEXT, I'M JOINED BY PAUL BLEDSOE. HE'S A STRATEGIC ADVISER AT THE PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE AND PRESIDENT OF BLEDSOE & ASSOCIATES. IT'S A POLICY FIRM THAT SPECIALIZES IN CLIMATE CHANGE. HE'S ALSO WORKED ON SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE TREATIES. PAUL BLEDSOE, GREAT TO HAVE YOU ON THE PROGRAM.

WE JUST HEARD BRIAN DEESE, THE PRESIDENT'S ECONOMIC ADVISER SAY, THAT THIS BILL, IF IT BECOMES LAW, PUTS AMERICA ON A PATH TO MEET ITS CLIMATE COMMITMENTS. IS THAT TRUE? IS THIS THAT SUBSTANTIAL? PAUL: IT COMES VERY CLOSE. IT WILL REDUCE U.S. CO2 EMISSIONS BY ABOUT 40% THIS DECADE BY 2030, WHICH IS A HUGE AMOUNT OF PROGRESS. AND THE ADMINISTRATION DESERVES REAL CREDIT FOR IT. BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE U.S. IS ONLY 15% OF TOTAL GLOBAL EMISSIONS. ONE OF THE THINGS THIS BILL HAS TO DO IS BEGIN TO LEAD THE AMERICANCONOMY, TO LEAD THE WORLD IN CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION AND PUT PRESSURE AND OPPORTUNITY ON NATIONS AROUND THE WORLD TO CLEAN UP THEIR ECONOMIES AND GROW THEIR CLEAN ENERGY SECTORS. FOR EXAMPLE, CHINA HAS 30% OF GLOBAL EMISSIONS, TWICE WHAT THE

U.S. DOES, AND JUST WITHDREW FROM BILATERAL TALKS ON CLIMATE CHANGE. SO, THIS BILL HAS TO NOT ONLY GROW THE U.S. CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMY, BUT BEGIN A GLOBAL TRANSITION. WILLIAM: A LOT OF THE PIECES WITHIN THIS BILL ARE TAX INCENTIVES. THEY'RE CARROTS, AS OPPOSED TO STICKS, TO ENCOURAGE UTILITIES AND CITIES AND INDIVIDUALS TO MOVE IN THIS DIRECTION. IS IT YOUR UNDERSTANDING THAT THOSE INCENTIVES ARE ENOUGH TO ENCOURAGE THIS PROCESS TO START REALLY MOVING AGGRESSIVELY? PAUL: THANKS, WILLIAM. IT'S A REALLY IORTANT POINT. THIS IS NOT ABOUT GOVERNMENT SPENDING. THIS IS ABOUT PROVIDING CONSUMERS AND BUSINESSES INCENTIVES TO MAKE BIG INVESTMENTS. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS OVER THE NEXT DECADE IN A BRAND-NEW CLEAN ENERGY SECTOR THAT'S GOING TO CREATE MILLIONS OF NEW JOBS AND SAVE CONSUMERS THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS A YEAR.

THIS IS GOING TO REENERGIZE MUCH OF THE AMERICAN PRIVATE SECTOR ECONOMY. SO THIS IS IN VERY MUCH A MARKET APPROACH TO GETTING THE PRIVATE SECTOR MAKING THESE LARGE INVESTMENTS THAT WILL MAKE THE UNITED STATES MUCH STRONGER IN TERMS OF OUR ENERGY SECURITY, OUR OVERALL ECONOMY, AND REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. WILLIAM: I WANT TO ASK YOU A POLITICAL QUESTION, BECAUSE IT IS STRIKING HOW VIRTUALLY THE ENTIRE GOP WAS HOSTILE OR DISMISSIVE TO ANY REAL SUBSTANTIVE ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. AND PUBLIC OPINION POLLING ON CLIMATE CHANGE SEEMS TO WAFFLE AS TO HOW IMPORTANT IT REALLY IS TO VOTERS. AND YET THESE VERY SUBSTANTIAL CLIMATE PROVISIONS HAVE ENDURED FOR ALMOST A YEAR. HOW DO YOU ACCOUNT FOR THAT? PAUL: YOU KNOW, IT'S INTERESTING.

FORMERLY, DEMOCRATS PROPOSED ENERGY TAXES, THAT IS, CARBON TAXES, TO DEAL WITH THE CLIMATE PROBLEM, AND THOSE WERE POLITICALLY UNPOPULAR. NOW, HOWEVER, DEMOCRATS HAVE FINALLY HIT ON A TREMENDOUSLY POPULAR SET OF POLICIES, TAX CUTS FOR BUSINESSES AND CONSUMERS FOR CLEAN ENERGY. THESE ARE FAVORED BY REPUBLICANS, DEMOCRATS, AND INDEPENDENTS IN ALL POLLING. I THINK THE REPUBLICANS HAVE MADE A HUGE MISTAKE IN UNDERESTIMATING HOW MUCH THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY AND AVERAGE AMERICANS WANT THESE NEW TECHNOLOGIES. D I THINK THAT, IF DEMOCRATS ARE SMART, THEY WILL RUN ON THIS PRO-BUSINESS, PRO-ECONOMIC PLATFORM OF CLEAN ENERGY IN THE MIDTERMS. WILLIAM: LET'S SAY THAT THIS GOES THROUGH. YOU AND OTHERS HAVE SAID THIS IS CERTAINLY NOT THE BE-ALL AND END-ALL. IT'S NOT LIKE WE WILL HAVE SOLVED THE PROBLEM OVERNIGHT. WHAT ARE SOME OTHER STEPS YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE ADMINISTRATION TAKE GOING FORWARD? PAUL: THANK YOU. IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

ONE THING THAT SENATOR SCHUMER COMMITTED TO, AS PART OF THESE NEGOTIATIONS, INCLUDING WITH SENATOR MANCHIN, WAS THAT WE WOULD LOOK AT PERMITTING REFORM FOR U.S. INFRASTRUCTURE. RIGHT NOW, IT'S EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO PUT UP THE BIG POWER LINES WE NEED TO MOVE CLEAN ENERGY FROM THE PLACES WHERE WE CAN CHEAPLY GENERATE IT TO THE PLACES WHERE WE CAN USE IT. WE ALSO NEED MORE PIPELINES FOR NATURAL GAS, SO THAT WE CAN COMPLETELY ELIMINATE COAL. AND WE'RE GOING TO NEED TO EXPORT GAS, SO THAT WE CAN HELP THE REST OF THE WORLD ELIMINATE COAL. THERE'S A LOT OF OTHER WORK TO BE DONE. ANOTHER AREA IS METHANE EMISSIONS. METHANE IS A SUPER POLLUTANT 80 TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN CO2, AND IS THE KEY TO CONTROLLING NEAR-TERM TEMPERATURE INCREASES. THIS BILL CREATES ABOUT A $1.5 BILLION FUND TO MITIGATE METHANE FROM THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR, WHICH IS IMPORTANT, BUT MUCH MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE ON THESE NON-CO2 POLLUTANTS, WHICH ARE A

KEY TO LIMITING NEAR-TERM TEMPERATURES AND PREVENTING RUNAWAY WARMING IN THE NATURAL SYSTEM. WILLIAM: ALL RIGHT, PAUL BLEDSOE OF THE PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE, THANKS SO MUCH FOR BEING HERE. PAUL: THANKS SO MUCH. WILLIAM: AND BACK TO YOU, JUDY. JUDY: AND NOW TO TALK ABOUT THE POLITICAL STAKES OF THE DEMOCRATS' MAJOR LEGISLATIVE VICTORY, I AM JOINED BY AMY WALTER OF THE COOK POLITICAL REPORT WITH AMY WALTER AND ANNIE LINSKEY WITH THE WASHINGTON POST. TAMARA KEITH IS AWAY. HELLO TO BOTH OF YOU. SO IT'S BEEN A BIG WEEKEND HERE IN WASHINGTON. CONGRESS GOT SOMETHING DONE. THEY PASSED THE DEMOCRATS' VICTORY IN THE SENATE. AMY: THAT'S RIGHT. JUDY: AMY, WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THIS? I MEAN, WE'RE NOT USED TO SEEING THIS. [LAUGHTER] AMY: WELL, NOT CERTAINLY IN RECENT MONTHS, ALTHOUGH, AS I SAID THE OTHER WEEK, DEMOCRATS HAVE HAD A PRETTY GOOD RUN OF THINGS FOR THE COURSE OF THIS SUMMER, BETWEEN GUNS AND THE SEMICONDUCTOR BILL AND NOW THIS, WHICH, OF COURSE, HAS TO STILL MAKE IT THROUGH THE HOUS BUT THAT'S STILL A BIG SUCCESS. THE QUESTION IS ITS LONG-TERM

AND SHORT-TERM POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS, RIGHT? AND IN THE SHORT TERM, WHAT WE KNOW HISTORICALLY IS, EVEN PARTIES THAT PASS MAJOR LEGISLATION DURING A MIDTERM YEAR, WHETHER IT WAS BILL CLINTON OR BARACK OBAMA OR DONALD TRUMP OR LBJ, THEY HAVE NOT BEEN REWARDED IN A MIDTERM YEAR FOR BIG LEGISLATIVE POLICY VICTORIES. NOW, TWO YEARS LATER, IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, PERHAPS. BUT ALL OF THOSE PRESIDENTS LOST SEATS IN THE HOUSE IN THEIR FIRST MIDTERM ELECTION. THE OTHER REAL BIG QUESTION FOR THE SHORT TERM IS, ARE VOTERS GOING TO FEEL BETTER ABOUT THE ECONOMY BY OCTOBER, NOVEMBER? YOU CAN HAVE PEOPLE COME ON AND TELL YOU EVERYTHING ABOUT IT'S CALLED THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT, AND THINGS ARE GETTING BETTER, AND WE'RE NOT IN A RECESSION. BUT, RIGHT NOW, PEOPLE BELIEVE WE'RE HEADED TO A RECESSION. AND THE CONSUMER CONFIDENCE INDEX IS ABOUT AS LOW AS IT HAS BEEN IN ITS HISTORY. JUDY: AND, ANNIE, WHAT ABOUT THAT? I MEAN, WE HEARD BRIAN DEESE FROM THE WHITE HOUSE JUST A FEW

MINUTES AGO SAYING, OH, PEOPLE ARE GOING TO FEEL -- THEY'RE GOING TO SEE IT IN THEIR LOWER PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES, MEDICAL BILLS. BUT HOW MUCH OF THAT IS GOING TO BE FELT? ANNIE: WELL, I THINK THAT'S RIGHT. AMY'S RIGHT. IT WON'T BE FELT IMMEDIATELY. BUT I THINK -- I HATE FOR ONE THING TO GET LOST HERE, WHICH IS, THIS IS A VERY BIG PIECE OF LEGISLATION. I MEAN, DEMOCRATS -- I WAS THINKING ABOUT ITS RECENTLY -- I MEAN, SINCE THE TURN OF THIS MILLENNIA, HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THIS TALKING POINT OF, WE ARE GOING TO HAVE MEDICARE NEGOTIATE FOR PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICES. AMY: RIGHT. ANNIE: WE HAVE HEARD THIS TALKING POINT FROM THIS PARTY FOR THE LAST 25 YEARS. AND THEY HAVE FINALLY DONE IT. AND SO I DO THINK THAT THAT IS SOMETHING THAT THEY CAN SAY TO THEIR VOTERS, THAT THEY GOT A MAJOR PIECE OF THEIR AGENDA DONE. I THINK IT'S RIGHT. A LOT OF THINGS THAT THEY ASKED FOR, THEY DID NOT GET DONE. THERE'S NO CHILD TAX CREDIT. THAT'S BEEN OFF THE TABLE. BUT THERE ARE THINGS HERE THAT DEMOCRATS CAN TALK ABOUT IN THE FALL. AND TALKING TO SOME REPUBLICANS ABOUT THIS, THEY ARE ALSO SAYING THEY REALIZE THAT THEY WILL BE

ON DEFENSE ON THE PRESCRIPTION DRUG PIECE, BUT ALSO, INTERESTINGLY, THE PAY-FOR. THEY ARE REALIZING THAT DEMOCRATS REALLY DO HA A GOOD POPULIST TALKING POINT THAT THEY ARE PAYING FOR THIS BILL BY HAVING THE RICHEST COMPANIES IN THE COUNTRY, IN THE WORLD, REALLY, THAT HAVEN'T BEEN PAYING TAXES, THE COMPANIES THAT HAVE HAD ZERO TAXES THAT THEY HAVE PAID SUDDENLY HAVING TO PAY TAXES. JUDY: SO, YOU'RE GOING TO SEE CORPORATE -- A MINIMUM CORPORATE TAX, AGAIN, AS WE HEARD BRIAN DEESE TALKING ABOUT. AND YOU'RE ALSO -- YOU'RE GOING TO HEAR MORE CONVERSATION ABOUT THE DEFICIT. DEMOCRATS CAN SAY, WE'RE DOING SOMETHING ABOUT THE DEFICIT. THE QUESTION IS, HOW MUCH ARE VOTERS CONNECTING WITH THAT? AMY: RIGHT. HOW MUCH ARE VOTERS BELIEVING THAT? AND THE OTHER IMPORTANT PIECE, PIGGYBACKING ON WHAT ANNIE SAID ABOUT PASSING LEGISLATION THEY HAVE TALKED ABOUT FOR YEARS, IT'S NOT INSIIFICANT WHAT THEY HAVE DONE ON CLIMATE. AND FOR DEMOCRATIC-LEANING VOTERS, CLIMATE IS A TOP ISSUE. EVEN AS INFLATION AND ABORTION, THOSE ISSUES CONTINUE TO RISE IN CONCERN FOR DEMOCRATIC VOTERS, ESPECIALLY YOUNGER VOTERS, THE

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC COALITION, THEY ARE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT CLIMATE. AND SO THEY HAVE A STORY TO TELL. IS IT ENOUGH FOR THIS ELECTION? DON'T KNOW, BUT CERTAINLY SOMETHING FOR 2024 AS WELL. JUDY: BECAUSE SO MANY -- THERE'S SO MUCH FOCUS, ANNIE, RIGHT NOW ON THE MIDTERMS, UNDERSTANDABLY. I MEAN, THE DEMOCRATS WANT TO HOLD DOWN THEIR LOSSES IN THE HOUSE. AND, CERTAINLY, THEY WANT TO HOLD ONTO THE SENATE. SPEAKING OF WHICH, WE HAVE MORE AUGUST PRIMARIES -- WE HAVE SPOKEN ABOUT THAT BEFORE. AMY: YES. JUDY: COMING UP, ANNIE, TORROW IN FOUR STATES, INCLUDING WISCONSIN, A STATE THAT WE ARE WATCHING VERY CLOSELY, HARD-FOUGHT BETWEEN FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP, WHO'S BEEN IN THERE ENDORSING HIS FAVORITE AND OTHER CANDIDATES. WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING FOR? ANNIE: I THINK THE BIG RACE THAT EVERYBODY'S GOING TO BE WATCHING TOMORROW NIGHT -- AND YOU'RE RIGHT -- THAT WISCONSIN GOVERNOR'S RACE. IT'S THE REPUBLICAN PRIMARY. AND THERE -- AS YOU POINTED OUT, YOU HAVE A CANDIDATE THAT TRUMP HAS BACKED AND A CANDIDATE THAT PENCE -- THAT THE FORMER VICE PRESIDENT PENCE HAS BACKED. AND I THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING IN THIS PARTICULAR ONE IS, THE

TWO CANDIDATES, HONESTLY, ARE NOT THAT DIFFERENT. I MEAN, YOU'RE NOT LOOKING AT A SCENARIO WHERE YOU HAVE SORT OF A TRULY MORE MODERATE CANDIDATE VS. A MORE EXTREME CANDIDATE. THESE ARE CANDIDATES THAT HAVE POLICY POSITIONS THAT ARE QUITE SIMILAR. THEY BOTH SORT OF FLIRTED WITH DENYING THE 2020 ELECTION. THEY HAVE SIMILAR VIEWS ON ABORTION. IT'S MORE OF A STYLISTIC DIFFERENCE. AND SO I THINK WHAT YOU'RE REALLY GOING TO SEE IS, YES, THIS WILL BE A TEST OF, HOW MUCH SWAY DOES TRUMP CONTINUE TO HAVE OVER THE PRIMARY? BUT WHOEVER WINS ON -- WHOEVER WINS TOMORROW IS STILL GOING TO BE SOMEBODY WHO HAS TALKED ABOUT DENYING THE ELECTION AND HAS NOT REALLY EMBRACED THAT BIDEN IS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. AMY: IT IS SORT OF FUNNY IN WISCONSIN TO THINK ABOUT. SO, SCOTT WALKER, THE -- ONE OF -- HIS LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR, WHO HE'S ENDORSED, IS ONE OF THOSE CANDIDATES IN THE PRIMARY. SCOTT WALKER WAS THE ORIGINAL TEA PARTY. HE WAS THE ANTI-ESTABLISHMENT. NOW HIS CANDIDATE IS BEING DERIDED AS PART OF THE RINO ESTABLISHMENT BY DONALD TRUMP, AS WELL AS THE SPEAKER OF THE

HOUSE, ROBIN VOS, WHO HAS BEEN JUST REALLY, FOR DEMOCRATS, THE PERSON WHO THEY FOUGHT UP AGAINST TIME AND TIME AGAIN. AND YET DONALD TRUMP HAS ENDORSED VOS' PRIMARY OPPONENT. WHY? BECAUSE VOS WILL NOT ADMIT THAT THE ELECTION WAS STOLEN OR RIGGED OR BELIEVE IN THE BIG LIE THAT THE PRESIDENT PUT FORWARD. SO IT IS QUITE REMARKABLE THAT, IN JUST A VERY SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME, THE PEOPLE WHO WERE ON THE VANGUARD OF BRINGING REPUBLICANS INTO POWER IN THAT STATE AND TAKING A SORT OF NO-HOLDS-BARRED APPROACH ARE NOW SEEN AS THE MODERATES, AND THEY ARE PART OF THE ESTABLISHMENT. JUDY: WHICH SETS IT UP FOR, IN NOVEMBER, ANNIE, A REALLY FASCINATING CONTEST. ANNIE: YES. OH, ABSOLUTELY. JUDY: IN WISCONSIN AND THESE OTHER STATES WE HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT. ANNIE: WELL, I THINK IN WISCONSIN IN PARTICULAR, I THINK THE SENATE RACE THERE WILL BE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST. I MEANTHERE, YOU HAVE MANDELA BARNES, A 35-YEAR-OLD AFRICAN AMERICAN, WORKING-CLASS ROOTS CANDIDATE, WHO WILL BE TAKING ON RON JOHNSON, WHO IS MUCH OLDER.

HE'S VERY WEALTHY. HE'S A MUCH MORE SORT OF TRADITIONAL REPUBLICAN AND HAS SAID SORT OF A NUMBER OF VERY CONTROVERSIAL THINGS. AND SO YOU WILL HAVE A FASCINATING CONTEST BETWEEN THOSE TWO. AMY: THAT'S RIGHT. JUDY: YOU HAVE -- AND YOU'RE THE ONE WHO SAID NO MORE AUGUST PRIMARIES. [LAUGHTER] AMY: RIGHT, BUT THEY KEEP COMING. JUDY: BUT THERE'S SOME INTEREST IN THESE. AMY: NO, THERE'S A LOT. THERE'S A LOT GOING ON IN THIS. AND, EVENTUALLY, WHAT WE'RE GOING TO SEE IS MANY OF THESE CANDIDATES THAT DONALD TRUMP HAS ENDORSED, THEY ARE RIGHT NOW IN SOME OF THESE SENATE RACES RUNNING BEHIND WHERE THEY SHOULD BE, GIVEN THE ENVIRONMENT. ARE THEY GOING TO BE ABLE TO CATCH UP BEFORE NOVEMBER? AND, IF SO, WILL TRUMP GET THE BLAME FOR PERHAPS DEMOCRATS KEEPING HOLD OF THE SENATE? JUDY: UTTERLY FASCINATING, ALL OF IT. AMY: TOTALLY. IT'S A LOT OF FUN. JUDY: AMY WALTER, ANNIE LINSKEY, THANK YOU BOTH. ANNIE: THANK YOU. AMY: YOU'RE WELCOME. ANNIE: IT'S GREAT. JUDY: FOR DECADES, RESIDTS OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST,

INCLUDING MANY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO ELEVATED LEVELS OF RADIATION FROM URANI EXTRACTION AND REFINING, A TOXIC LEGACY OF THE COLD WAR'S WEAPONS PROGRAM AND NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NONPROFIT INVESTIGATIVE NEWSROOM PROPUBLICA, STEPHAE SY REPORTS ON ONE COMMUNITY'S FIGHT TO SURVIVE AND TO HOLD A COMPANY AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABLE. JONNIE: THIS IS A MAP THAT MY DAUGHTER PUT TOGETHER TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER AROUND THE SUBDIVISION THAT WE LIVED IN. STEPHANIE: IN CIBOLA COUNTY, IN THE HIGH, SPARSELY POPULATED DESERT OF NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO, IT BECAME KNOWN AS THE DEATH MAP. JONNIE: THE GREEN IS CANCER. AND THEN THE YELLOW IS CANCER DEATHS. STEPHANIE: SKIN CANCER, BREAST CANCER, THYROID DISEASE. JONNIE HEAD, HERSELF A BREAST CANCER SURVIVOR, POINTS TO ALL

THE FAMILIES WHO, OVER THE YEARS, WERE HIT. SO, GIVEN HOW SPARSELY POPULATED IT IS, IT SEEMS LIKE A LOT OF CANCERS. JONNIE: IT DOES, DOESN'T IT? STEPHANIE: SHE AND HER FAMILY LIVED IN THE NEARBY MURRAY ACRES SUBDIVISION FOR DECADES. JONNIE: IT WAS A BEAUTIFUL LITTLE GREEN COMMUNITY. WE HAD LOTS OF ALFFA, PASTURES, HORSES, COWS. I WOULD HAVE LEFT THERE EARLIER, MUCH EARLIER, HAD I KNOWN THE SITUATION. STEPHANIE: THE SITUATION WAS THAT THEIR QUAINT SLICE OF PARADISE WAS LESS THAN HALF-A-MILE FROM 22 MILLION TONS OF URANIUM WASTE. FROM WORLD WAR II THROUGH THE COLD WAR, URANIUM ORE WAS HEAVILY MINED ACROSS THE FOUR CORNERS REGION OF ARIZONA, COLORADO, UTAH, AND NEW MEXICO TO PRODUCE NLEAR WEAPONS AND ENERGY. CHEMICALS WERE USED TO EXTRACT AND MILL THE URANI, AND THE WASTE WAS PUT INTO TAILINGS PILES, MANY OF WHICH WERE

UNLINED AND UNCAPPED. MASSIVE PILES OF WASTE LIKE THIS E IN NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO HAVE CONTINUED TO LEAK AND BLOW CONTAMINATION INTO SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. INFRASTRUCTURE FROM THREE DECADES OF URANIUM MINING HAS LEFT A TOXIC LEGACY THROUGH THE SOUTHWT. MARK: WE'RE 40 ARS OUT FROM THE KIND OF DEATH OF AMERICAN URANIUM, AND WE STILL HAVEN'T CLEANED THIS UP. STEPHANIE: MARK OLALDE AND A TEAM AT PROPUBLICA HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATING SOME 50 FORMER URANIUM MILLS AROUND THE COUNTRY FOR THE LAST SEVERAL MONTHS. ABOUT HALF OF THE MILLS ARE YET TO BE CLEANED UP AND SEALED, INCLUDING THIS ONE OWNED BY THE HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY, NOW A SUBSIDIARY OF BARRICK GOLD. WHILE OPERATIONS ENDED IN 1990, THE CLEANUP CONTINUES. MARK: THERE ARE CONCERNS FROM DOWNSTREAM COMMUNITIES THAT THE PLUMES OF URANIUM COULD EVENTUALLY MIGRATE TO THEIR INTAKE WELLS AND CONTAMINATE THEIR DRINKING WATER SOURCES TOO. IN ONE HOUSEHOLD CLOSE TO THE PILE, WE FOUND LEVELS OF RADON ABOUT ALMOST TWICE AS HIGH AS

WHAT THE EPA SAYS IS AN ACTUAL LEVEL THAT YOU NEED TO PRETTY IMMEDIATELY CLEAN UP YOUR HOUSE. STEPHANIE: A 2014 STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FOUND AN UNACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF EXCESS CANCER RISK FROM THE MILL SITE. JOHN BOOMER AND MAGGIE BILLIMAN ARE AMONG THE SEVERAL THOUSAND RESIDENTS LIVING DOWNSTREAM. JOHN: I WAS JUST THRILLED TO HAVE ALL THIS SPACE. I OUGHT I COULD PUT MY WOOD IN HERE, ALL MY ART. STEPHANIE: AN ARTIST, JOHN NEEDED A BIG SPACE WHEN HE BOUGHT THE LAND IN 2001, AND TRUSTED THE EPA, WHICH SAID THE SITE WOULD BE CLEANED UP BY 2003. JOHN: THE SITE IMPLIED TO ME, OR THE WAY I UNDETOOD IT WAS THAT THEY WERE ON TOP OF THE PROBLEM AND THAT IT WOULD BE FIXED IN SHORT ORDER, I MEAN, THAT THEY HAD BEEN WORKING ON IT ALREADY 20 YEARS WHEN I BOUGHT THE PROPERTY. STEPHANIE: BUT HE SAYS THERE WERE PROBLEMS WITH ALL THE FIXES. THE CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER

AND AQUIFERS SPREAD. JOHN: WE NEVER GET REAL CLEAR ANSWERS. WE HAVE ASKED FOR HEALTH STUDIES, CANCER CLUSTER STUDIES AND THINGS LIKE THAT, AND IT ALL SEEMS TO JUST KIND OF GO HERE AND THERE. MAGGIE: IT'S DEPRESSING. JOHN: AND IT'S DEPRESSING. STEPHANIE: MAGGIE BILLIMAN IS A MEMBER OF THE NAVAJO NATION. NOT ONLY HER HOUSE, BUT MUCH OF HER NATIVE LAND HAS BORNE THE BRUNT OF AMERICA'S TOXIC WASTE LEGACY. MORE THAN 500 ABANDONED URANIUM MINES POCKMARK THE NAVAJO NATION, NEARLY ALL WITHIN A MILE OF A WATER SOURCE, AND THERE ARE FAR HIGHER LEVELS OF CANCER AMONG HER PEOPLE THAN THE GENERAL POPULATION. MAGGIE'S OWN FATHER, A NAVAJO CODE TALKER DURING WORLD WAR II, DIED OF STOMACH CANCER, SHE BELIEVES DUE TO NUCLEAR TESTING IN NEIGHBORING NEVADA. HAVE YOU STARTED TO SEE ANY HEALTH IMPACTS? MAGGIE: MY SWALLOWING IS KIND OF

FUNNY. AND WE HAVE BEEN COUGHING A LOT IN THIS HOUSEHOLD. AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT THAT'S COMING FROM. I'M SEEING CHANGES. BUT THE DOCTORS ARE NOT PINPOINTING. I ALWAYS THINK THAT, GOSH, WHAT ABOUT IF IT'S TOO LATE? STEPHANIE: IN PREVIOUS LAWSUITS, HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY HAS DENIED THAT ITS FACILITIES ARE CAUSING ILLNESS, AND IT IS NOW TRYING TO ABSOLVE ITSELF OF FURTHER RESPONSIBILITY. MARK: BARRICK GOLD AND HOMESTAKE ARE NOW TRYING TO BE DONE WITH CLEANUP, TO GET EXEMPTIONS FROM THE GOVERNMENT TO CHANGE THE REGULATORY STANDARDS AT THE SITE, SO THEY CAN KIND OF WASH THEIR HANDS OF IT, HAND IT OVER TO THE DARTMENT OF ENERGY, AND HAVE IT NOW BE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS PRLEM. STEPHANIE: IN THE MEANTIME, SOME, INCLUDING CANDACE HEAD-DYLLA, HAVE AGREED TO TAKE BUYOUT OFFERS FROM HOMESTAKE. CANDACE: WE TRUSTED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. WE REALLY THOUGHT THAT, ONCE THEY SAID THIS IS GOING TO BE CLEANED UP, THAT IT WOULD BE. STEPHANIE: CANDACE IS JONNIE'S DAUGHTER, THE WOMAN WE MET AT

THE BEGINNING OF THIS STORY. SHE MOVED TO COLORADO IN 2019. IT WASN'T AN EASY DECISION, LEAVING BOTH HER PARENTS AND HER DREAM HOUSIN THE MURRAY ACRES SUBDIVISION BEHIND. CANDACE: THIS IS MY MOM, MY TWO GRANDMAS. YES. AND THIS IS OUTSIDE. AND THE BARN IN THE TAILINGS PILE IS RIGHT OVER HERE. STEPHANIE: THE TAILINGS PILE WAS NEVER FAR FROM MIND, AND, IN 2006, SHE FOUND HER OWN PLACE ON THE MAP OF DISEASE. CANDACE: MY THYROID IS COMPLETELY REMOVED. I HAVE NO THYROID. WHAT IT MEANS IS THAT, IF I EVER DON'T HAVE THAT MEDICATION, IT'S JUST A FEW MONTHS UNTIL I DIE. STEPHANIE: MARK OLALDE SAYS CANDACE'S STORY IS REPRESENTATIVE OF WHAT'S BROADLY HAPPENING IN THIS COMMUNITY. MARK: THEY ARE MOVING PEOPLE. THEY ARE TEARING DOWN THE HOMES. AND IN THE PROCESS, THEY'RE HAVING THE RESIDENTS SIGN NON-DISPARAGEMENT AGREEMENTS AND LIABILITY WAIVERS SAYING, ESSENTIALLY, WE CAN'T SUE YOU MOVING FORWARD.

STEPHANIE: EVEN IF WE HAVE CANCER DOWN THE LINE. MARK: WE CAN'T SEE YOU FOR ANYTHING. STEPHANIE: DESPITE SIGNING THE NON-DISPARAGEMENT AGREEMENT, CANDACE CONTINUES TO SPEAK OUT TO PREVENT A REPEAT OF HISTORY. CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE PUSH FOR MORE LOW-CARBON ENERGY, AS WELL AS SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA, AN EXPORTER OF URANIUM, HAVE RENEWED CONVERSATIONS ABOUT NUCLEAR POWER, WHICH CANDACE SAYS COMES AT A COST. CANDACE: THERE IS A HIGH PRICE THAT YOU PAY FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY. THEY NEED TONDERSTAND THE FRONT END OF THIS PROCESS AND THEY NEED TO THINK A LITTLE BIT HARDER ABOUT THE BACK END OF THE PROCESS. MARK: THE WAR EFFORT IN THE COLD WAR MADE US RUSH HEADLONG INTO AN INDUSTRY WITHOUT THINKING ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES DOWN THE ROAD. AND IT TELLS US THAT, WHEN YOU TRY TO REGULATE AT THE TAIL END OF AN INDUSTRY, AS OPPOSED TO AT THE OUTSET OF ITS CREATION, IT'S REALLY TOUGH TO GET THAT RIGHT, AND IT'S REALLY EXPENSIVE TO GET THAT RIGHT. AND IT LEAVES US KIND OF ASKING THE QUESTION OF, WELL, WHO'S GOING TO TAKE CHARGE OF THIS? STEPHANIE: THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, WHICH

OVERSEES THE CLEANUP OF THE HOMESTAKE MILL, SAID IN A STATEMENT THAT THE SITE IS HYDROGEOLOGICALLY COMPLEX, MAKING TARGET DATES FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION DIFFICULT TO ESTIMATE WITH PRECISION. QUOTE, WE UNDERSTAND AND SHARE THE CONCERN THAT THE REMEDIATION IS TAKING SO LONG. MEANWHILE, IN A LETTER TO PROPUBLICA, HOMESTAKE SAID IT'S NO LONGER FEASIBLE TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AT THE SITE. IT SAID IT FOLLOWED GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARD PRACTICES OF THE TIME AND, IN THE FINAL STAGES OF CLOSING THE SITE, THE COMPANY WILL PLACE A COVER ON THE TAILINGS PILE TO REDUCE RADON EMISSIONS. BUT THERE'S STILL NO DEADLINE FOR WHEN THAT WILL HAPPEN. IT HAS ALREADY TAKEN DECADES AND, FOR CANDACE HEAD-DYLLA'S FAMILY, GENERATIONS OF WAITING. FOR THE "PBS NEWSHOUR," I'M STEPHANIE SY. JUDY: AND WE WOULD ADD THIS. OUR REPORTING PARTNERS AT PROPUBLICA ARE CONTINUING THEIR INVESTIGATION, BUT THEY NEED

YOUR HELP. IF YOU HAVE WORKED WITH ANY PUBLIC AGENCIES, CONSULTING FIRMS, TRIBES, OR COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE URANIUM INDUSTRY, YOU CAN SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCE BY GOING TO PROPUBLICA.ORG/URANIUM. KENYANS WILL GO TO THE POLLS TOMORROW TO ELECT A NEW PRESIDENT. IN A NATION WITH A HISTORY OF CONTESTED AND VIOLENT ELECTIONS, THIS IS THE FIRST TIME A MEMBER OF THE POLITICALLY DOMINANT KIKUYU TRIBE IS NOT RUNNING. AND MANY CLAIM THIS IS KENYA'S FIRST ELECTION IN WHICH CLASS PLAYS A GREATER ROLE THAN ETHNICITY. CORRESPONDENT NEHA WADEKAR AND FILMMAKER JACK HEWSON SENT US THIS REPORT. NEHA: POLITICAL HYSTERIA IS AT AN ALL-TIME HIGH HERE IN THE HEARTLAND OF WESTERN KENYA'S LUO TRIBE. NEVER IN KENYA'S NEARLY 60-YEAR

DEMOCRATIC HISTORY HAS A LUO TAKEN POWER. NOW THE FATHER OF THIS TRIBE WANTS TO BECOME THE FATHER OF THE NATION. NICKNAMED BABA, OR DAD IN KISWAHILI, RAILA ODINGA HAS MADE FOUR UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS AT THE PRESIDENCY. HIS DIE-HARD SUPPORTERS SAY THIS IS FINALLY HIS TIME. CLINTON: I JUST CAME TO WITNESS, TO BE PART OF HISTORY, BECAUSE THIS IS ONE OF THE LAST RALLIES THAT MR. RAILA ODINGA IS HAVING HERE IN KISUMU, HIS OWN BACKYARD. SO WE ARE REALLY EXCITED AS WE WAIT FOR THE ELECTIONS ON TUESDAY. NEHA: THE LUOS OF WESTERN KENYA HAVE LONG FELT IGNORED BY NAIROBI'S POLITICAL CLASS, IN PART BECAUSE OF A DYNASTIC RIVALRY BETWEEN ODINGA AND KENYA'S SITTING PRESIDENT, UHURU KENYATTA, WHOSE KIKUYU TRIBE HAS DOMINATED KENYAN POLITICS FOR DECADES. BUT A FEW YEARS AGO, THE MEN PULLED A 180 AND FORGED A SURPRISING ALLIANCE, COOPERATING IN GOVERNMENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. RAILA: UHURU IS THE OUTGOING PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF

KENYA. LEAVE HIM ALONE. LET HIM GO AND RETIRE IN PEACE. NEHA: THIS NEWFOUND FRIENDSHIP WITH THE SITTING PRESIDENT GAVE ODINGA THE POWER AND BACKING OF THE STATE. BUT AFTER SO MUCH ANIMOSITY, SOME SAY HE'S BEING GROOMED TO TAKE OVER AND WONDER IF ODINGA IS NOW OBLIGATED TO DANCE TO KENYATTA'S TUNE. RAILA: IT IS NOT UNUSUAL THAT AN OUTGOING PRESIDENT CAN CAMPAIGN FOR SOMEBODY ELSE, SO WHAT PRESIDENT KENYATTA IS DOING IS NOT UNIQUE. BUT I'M NOT PRESIDENT KENYATTA. EVERYBODY KNOWS THAT. AND I CANNOT BE SOMEBODY'S PROJECT. MOST KENYANS KNOW THAT VERY WELL. NEHA: SOME CRITICS CLAIM THAT YOU HAVE BEEN SELECTED SO THAT PRESIDENT KENYATTA AND THE KENYATTA FAMILY CAN PROTECT THEIR FAMILY WEALTH. MANY CLAIM THAT THIS WEALTH HAS BEEN ACQUIRED THROUGH CORRUPTION

AND/OR ABUSE OF POWER. SO WOULD YOU BE WILLING, SIR, TO BACK ANY POTENTIAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE KENYATTA FAMILY WEALTH IF YOU GET INTO OFFICE? RAILA: WE HAVE SAID THAT WE WILL DEAL WITH ALL THE CORRUPTION CASES, IRRESPECTIVE OF HOW HIGH IT IS. AND THEREFORE, MYSELF, ACTUALLY, I'M NOT AN EXCEPTION. AND NOBODY ELSE IS GOING TO BE AN EXCEPTION IN THIS REGARD. NEHA: WHILE ODINGA'S STORY IS ONE ROOTED IN DYNASTIC SUCCESSION AND TRIBAL POLITICS, HIS OPPONENT, DEPUTY PRESIDENT WILLIAM RUTO, BRINGS A NEW DYNAMIC TO T RACE. RUTO'S POPULIST MESSAGE IS THAT ANYONE CAN SUCCEED, REGARDLESS OF ETHNICITY OR CLASS. A ONE-TIME ROADSIDE VENDOR TURNED ELITE POLITICIAN, HE PRESENTS HIMSELF AS HUSTLER NUMBER ONE. HE'S RUNNING ON A BOTTOM-UP ECONOMICS PLATFORM THAT APPEALS TO KENYANS HIT HARD BY

INFLATION. CAROLYNE: IT IS ALL ABOUT THE BOTTOM UP. AS YOU CAN SEE IN HIS MANIFESTO, HE IS TALKING ABOUT EMPLOYMENT FOR THE YOUTH, THE BOTTOM UP, THE HUSTLERS FUND THAT HE'S GOING TO GIVE TO THE HUSTLERS, ESPECIALLY THE SMALL BUSINESSES. HE HAS SPOKEN ABOUT LIFTING US, THE COST OF LIVING, SO WE ARE EXPECTING MUCH FROM HIM. NEHA: FEARING DEFEAT, BOTH RAILA AND RUTO HAVE TRIED TO UNDERMINE KENYA'S ELECTORAL COMMISSION. RUTO'S CLAIM IS THAT PRESIDENT KENYATTA AND THE DEEP STATE ARE AGAINST HIM, AND HE'S PREPARING HIS SUPPORTERS TO EXPECT GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. WILLIAM: WE WANT TO GIVE THEM A WARNING AHEAD OF TIME. WE WILL NOT ALLOW YOU THIS TIME TO PULL THE RAILWAY. WE WILL NOT ALLOW YOU THIS TIME TO ORGANIZE DEMONSTRATIONS. WE WILL NOT ALLOW YOU THIS TIME TO SWEAR YOURSELVES IN. WE ARE GOING TO FINISH WITH YOU IN THE MORNING, AND WE WILL PUT YOU IN A WHEELBARROW EXPRESS TO BONDO. [CHEERING AND APPLAUSE] NEHA: BOTH CANDIDATES HAVE ALREADY CAST DOUBT ON THE

INTEGRITY OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS, AND IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN WHETHER THEY WILL CHALLENGE THE RESULTS OF THE VOTE IN COURT OR EVEN IN THE STREETS. WITH RUTO POSITIONING HIMSELF AS AN OUTSIR IN AN UNFAIR ECTION, THERE ARE WORRIES ABOUT VIOLENCE IF HE LOSES AND REFUSES TO CONCEDE. FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WHO MIGHT BE EXPECTING VIOLENCE IN THIS ELECTION, WOULD YOU LIKE TO TELL THEM WHAT YOU ARE EXPECTING AND WHAT YOU MIGHT TELL YOUR SUPPORTERS IF THEY DECIDE TO TAKE TO THE STREETS, SIR? WILLIAM: SOME OF US CANNOT CAMPAIGN IN MY COMPETITOR'S BACKYARD, BECAUSE HE IS A VIOLENT MAN. I WENT THERE LAST YEAR, AND ALL MY NINE VEHICLES WERE DESTROYED. THAT IS WHERE THE VIOLENCE WILL BE IF RAILA ODINGA LOSES. THE ONLY TIME RAILA BELIEVES AN ELECTION IS FREE AND FAIR IS WHERE HE HAS WON. AND, UNFORTUNATELY, HE HAS WON NO ELECTION. NEHA: WITH EACH CANDIDATE POINTING FINGERS AT THE OTHER,

MANY FEAR VIOLENCE, AS SEEN IN 2017, WHEN ODINGA LOST TO KENYATTA. DURING THAT ELECTION, ODINGA SUPPORTERS TOOK TO THE STREETS, AND DOZENS WERE KILLED AND INJURED IN CLASHES BETWEEN PROTESTERS AND SECURITY FORCES. THE UNREST WAS PROMPTED BY ALLEGATIONS OF CORRUPTION AND INCOMPETENCE AT THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION, WITH ODINGA REJECTING THE FINAL RESULTS. NOW THE COMMISSION IS AGAIN FACING SIMILAR ALLEGATIONS IN THIS ELECTION. BENNA BULUMA KNOWS TOO WELL HOW DANGEROUS THIS COULD BE. AFTER THE 2017 ELECTION, HER TWO SONS, BERNARD AND VICTOR, WERE SHOT DEAD BY POLICE ON THEIR WAY HOME FROM WORK IN ONE OF NAIROBI'S POOREST NEIGHBORHOODS. A WALK THROUGH THE STREETS BROUGHT US CLOSE TO THE SPOT WHERE THEY WERE KILLED. BENNA: SO, THIS PLACE HERE, IT'S WHERE ONE YOUNG MAN WAS BEING SHOT, THIS ONE, THIS ONE. THOSE ARE BULLETS. NEHA: AND ONE OF THE MEN WAS

KILLED RIGHT HERE? BENNA: YES, ONE OF THE MAN WAS KILLED HERE. NEHA: RIGHT. BENNA: YES. NEHA: FIVE YEARS ON, THE MEMORY OF FINDING HER SONS' BODIES IS STILL VERY RAW. BENNA: SOMETIMES, WHEN I AM LONELY, I FEEL VERY, VERY BITTER. SOMETIMES, WHEN I SEE YOUNG MEN WHO ARE THEIR FRIENDS, I FEEL BITTER. SOMETIMES, THEIR PICTURES COME. BUT, SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE THEY WENT ABROAD, AND THEY WILL COME ONE DAY ONE TIME. NEHA: SINCE HER SONS' DEATHS, BULUMA HAS BECOME A SOCIAL JUSTICE ACTIVIST. SHE HAS A MESSAGE FOR THE POLITICIANS VYING ON AUGUST 9. BENNA: LET THEM CALM DOWN. LET THEM CALM DOWN. LET THEM JUST BE PEACE, BECAUSE THESE ARE THEIR PEOPLE WHOM THEY ARE GOING TO RULE. SO WHEN THEY KILL PEOPLE, WHAT ARE THEY GOING TO RULE? NEHA: ON THE EVE OF THE VOTE, THE ATMOSPHERE IS TENSE. AND IT'S DIFFICULT TO SEE HOW EITHER CANDIDATE OR THEIR

SUPPORTERS WILL ACCEPT DEFEAT. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NEHA WADEKAR IN NAIROBI, KENYA. JUDY: FINALLY, WE REMEMBER THE GREAT HISTORIAN AND WRITER DAVID MCCULLOUGH IN HIS OWN WORDS. HE WAS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS PULITZER PRIZE-WINNING BIOGRAPHIES OF TWO OFTEN OVERLOOKED PRESIDENTS, JOHN ADAMS AND HARRY TRUMAN. AND PBS VIEWERS MIGHT RECOGNIZE HIM AS THE VOICE OF KEN BURNS' ACCLAIMED SERIES "THE CIVIL WAR." BUT HIS INTERESTS RANGED FAR AND WIDE, INCLUDING THE ARTS. IN 2011, HE SPOKE TO JEFFREY BROWN ABOUT HIS BOOK, "THE GREATER JOURNEY," ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH ARTIST AND THINKERS ON AMERICANS TRAVELING TO FRANCE IN THE 19TH CENTURY. IN THIS EXCERPT, JEFF BEGAN BY ASKING MCCULLOUGH ABOUT HIS LOVE OF RESEARCH AND DISCOVERY. JEFFREY: WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED

AFTER ALL OF THESE YEARS OF LOOKING FOR MATERIAL? DAVID: I GUESS WHAT I HAVE -- I HAVE NEVER BEEN INVOLVED WITH A PROJECT WHERE SOMETHING DIDN'T TURN UP NEW. NEVER. JEFFREY: NEVER? DAVID: NEVER. AND YOU THINK, OH, THAT'S BEEN GONE OVER AGAIN AND AGAIN, WHERE YOU AREN'T GOING TO FIND ANYTHING. OH, YES, YOU DO. AND YOU FIND IT IN SURPRISING PLACES. JEFFREY: BUT YOU HAVE TO KNOW HOW TO -- YOU HAVE TO KNOW HOW DIG OR LOOK. DAVID: WELL, YOU ALSO HAVE TO KEEP AN OPEN MIND, BECAUSE OFTEN YOU FIND IT IN A PERSON, SOMEBODY WHO HAS SOMETHING SAY. -- SOMETHING TO SAY. WHEN I WAS WORKING ON MY TRUMAN BOOK, I INTERVIEWED ONE OF HIS SECRET SERVICE GUARDS. AND AT THE END OF THE INTERVIEW, I SAID -- I THANKED HIM VERY MUCH, BECAUSE HE REALLY GAVE ME A LOT OF TIME, AND IT WAS INFINITELY INTERESTING AND VALUABLE. AND I THANKED HIM. AND I SAID, PARTICULARLY WHEN I THINK ABOUT HOW MANY TIMES YOU MUST HAVE BEEN ASKED THESE QUESTIONS. HE SAID, MR. MCCULLOUGH, I HAVE NEVER BEEN ASKED THESE QUESTIONS. YOU HAVE TO BE SURE YOU DON'T LET APPEARANCES LEAD YOU TO

WRONG CONCLUSIONS ABOUT PEOPLE AND ABOUT WHERE THINGS ARE. I HAVE FELT FOR A VERY LONG TIME THAT HISTORY IS MORE THAN POLITICS AND THE MILITARY AND SOCIAL ISSUES. YES, IT IS POLITICS AND THE MILITARY AND SOCIAL ISSUES, BUT IT'S ALSO ART AND MUSIC AND ARCHITECTURE AND IDEAS AND SCIENCE AND MEDICINE. IT'S THE WORKS. IT'S HUMAN. JEFFREY: I UNDERSTAND THAT YOU YOURSELF WANTED TO BE A PAINTER EARLY ON AND STUDIED. DAVID: I STILL DO. JEFFREY: YOU STILL DO? DAVID: I STILL DO. I PAINT ALL THE TIME. I LOVE IT. JEFFREY: YOU DO? DAVID: YES, I DO, INDEED. AND I HIGHLY RECOMMEND IT TO EVERYONE. GET OUT THERE AND PAINT. IT'S GOOD FOR THE SOUL. BUT I ALSO PARTICULARLY STRESS TO PEOPLE WHO SAY THEY WANT TO BECOME WRITERS, YOUNG PEOPLE, TO TAKE A COURSE IN DRAWING OR PAINTING, BECAUSE IT HELPS YOU TO LEARN TO SEE, TO LOOK. AND THAT'S WHAT WRITING IS OFTEN ABOUT. JUDY: GREAT ADVICE FROM DAVID MCCULLOUGH, WHO WAS NOT ONLY AN EXTRAORDINARY HISTORIAN AND WRITER, HE WAS JUST A DELIGHTFUL HUMAN BEING. WE MOURN HIS PASSING. AND THAT'S THE "NEWSHOUR" FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

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♪♪ ♪♪ -Today on "America's Test Kitchen," we're making unexpected salads. Erin makes Bridget broccoli salad with creamy avocado dressing. Becky makes Julia roasted radishes with yogurt tahini sauce. Adam reviews inexpensive coffee makers. And Lan makes Bridget termelon salad with Cotija and serrano chilies.