PBS NewsHour; Thursday, May 5, 2022, 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

JUDY: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, THE PANDEMIC'S TOLL. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REPORTS ABOUT 15 MILLION DEATHS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 INCLUDING NEARLY ONE MILLION IN THE UNITED STATES. THEN, THE ONGOING WAR. RUSSIA CONTINUES ITS ATTACKS IN EASTERN UKRAINE AS THE COSTS OF THE CONFLICT RISE WITH NO APPARENT END IN SIGHT. >> I DON'T KNOW WHAT THERE IS TO SAY. ONE MOMENT IT SOUNDED FAR AWAY. THEN THE ROOF STARTED CRUMBLING DOWN. JUDY: AND, THE KIDS ARE NOT ALL RIGHT. A NEW REPORT SHOWS THE PANDEMIC AND PEDAL -- AND POLITICAL TARGETING EXACERBATED THE ALREADY DIFFICULT MENTAL HEALTH STRUGGLES FELT BY LGBTQ YOUTH. ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. JUDY: NEARLY 15 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD HAVE DIED FROM THE IMPACT OF COVID DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF THE PANDEMIC. THAT IS THE ESTIMATE FROM A NEW REPORT BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. IT IS ALSO NEARLY THREE TIMES HIGHER THAN GOVERNMENTS HAVE REPORTED PUBLIY SO FAR. WILLIAM BRANGHAM HAS MORE ABOUT THESE FINDINGS. >> WHILE THE STUDY IS STILL BEING EXAMINED AND DEBATED, A FEW THINGS ARE CLEAR. THESE DEATHS OCCURRED MORE OFTEN WITH MEN AND THEY HIT OLDER PEOPLE PARTICULARLY HARD WITH P2 PERCENT OF PEOPLE 80 -- -- THESE DEATHS WERE NOT FILLED EQUALLY AROUND THE WORLD. MOST WERE CONCENTRATED IN LOW TO MIDDLE INCOME NATIONS. RUNNING ME NOW IS JONATHAN WAKEFIELD. HE IS A BIOSTATISTICIAN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON AT HIS MODELING WORK HELP TO THE W.H.O.

PRODUCE THIS REPORT. VERY GOOD TO HAVE YOU ON THE NEWSHOUR. THESE NUMBERS ARE JUST SO JARRING. THIS IS THREE TIMES THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE BELIEVED TO HAVE DIED DURING THIS PANDEMIC AND WE PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT. I WONDER IF YOU COULD REFLECT ON THAT INITIALLY. WERE YOU STRUCK BY THE DISPARITY HERE HOW MANY LIVES WE ARE TALKING ABOUT? >> YES, I WAS. IT IS AN ABSOLUTE TRAGEDY. I WAS ALSO STRUCK BY -- THERE WAS AN EXTRA 13% MORE DEATHS THAN WE EXPECTED TO SEE. THAT REALLY STRUCK ME AS A HUGE NUMBER. 13% MORE DIED DURING THE PANDEMIC AND THAT IS AN INCREDIBLE NUMBER. >> IT IS THE POPULATION OF A SMALL NATION. THIS DATA RESTS ON THIS IDEA OF EXCESS DEATHS. THAT MAY BE AN UNFAMILIAR CONCEPT TO SOME PEOPLE. WHAT DO EXCESS ITS MEAN AND HOW YOU -- AND HOW DO YOU GO ABOUT MEASURING THEM?

>> THE EXCESS IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO DIED AND THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WE WOULD HAVE EXPECTED TO DIE IF THE PANDEMIC HAD NOT OCCURRED. WAY WE GO ABOUT THAT, WE TAKE DATA FROM THOSE COUNTRIES WHO SUPPLY DATA AND USE THAT. THE COUNTRIES WITH NO DATA, WE FORMULATE A MODEL AND USE COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE AND CONTAINMENT MEASURES TO PREDICT THE NUMBER WE WOULD HAVE EXPECTED TO SEE. >> THERE IS ALSO SOMETHING INDIRECT DEATHS. IT IS NOT JUST PEOPLE WHO DIED OF COVID BUT WHO MIGHT HAVE DIED BECAUSE THEY DID NOT GO AND GET HOSPITAL CARE DURING THE PANDEMIC? >> EXACTLY. HEALTH CARE AVOIDANCE BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC. WE DON'T KNOW THE NUMBERS YET, THE PROPORTIONS. OUR INDIRECT DEATHS FROM OTHER CAUSES. >> THERE ARE INNS -- ARE THERE INSTANCES WHERE THE PANDEMIC MIGHT HAVE PREVENTED SOME PEOPLE FROM DYING FROM BEING ON THE ROADS LESS OR THINGS LIKE THAT? >> SE COUNTRIES LIKE NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA DID SEE A

NEGATIVE EXCESS FOR REASONS YOU SAY LIKE ROAD ACCIDENTS OR OTHER COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. EVEN COUNTRIES WITH A LARGE ACCESS. SOME WIVES WERE PROBABLY SAVED. IT IS WHY THE EXCESS IS A GOOD NUMBER BECAUSE IT SHOWS US THE TRUE EXTENT OF THE PANDEMIC. >> THIS REPORT ALSO TEASES OUT THE DISPARITIES BETWEEN OFFICIAL DEATH COUNTS AND WHAT YOUR DATA INDICATE ARE THE ACTUAL DEATH COUNTS. I AM TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THOSE DISPARITIES COME. ARE THEY FROM INTENTIONAL UNDERREPORTING? ARE THEY FROM COUNTRIES THAT DON'T TO A GOOD JOB OF GATHERING DATA? HELP ME UNDERSTAND THAT. >> IT IS A MIXTURE AND I AM NOT IN THE BUSINESS OF SAY WHICH GOVERNMENTS I THINK WERE SUPPRESSING INFORMATION BUT WHEN THE HEALTH SYSTEMS ARE UNDERSTRENGTH, EVEN UNDER THE BEST OF TIMES IT IS DIFFICULT TO RECORD DEATHS. WHEN HEALTH SYSTEMS ARE UNDER STRAIN AND ENERGY HAS BEEN

PULLING TO TRY TO SAVE LIVES, THEN THAT SITUATION IS EXACERBATED. >> I WAS INTERESTED TO SEE THAT YOUR REPORT LOOKS AT RATES OF DEATHS IN RELATION TO THE PER CAPITA SIZE OF NATIONS. THERE WAS THE U.S., THE U.K., GERMANY AND SPAIN ON THAT LIST BUT NATIONS LIKE PERU. HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THAT DATA? >> BECAUSE -- THE LARGEST -- THE COUNTRY WITH THE LARGEST ACCESS IS INDIA WITH 4.7 MILLION EXCESS DEATHS INDIA SECOND LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. LOOKING AT THE RATE OF DEATHS PER 100,000, WHICH IS THE STANDARD WAY WE DO THAT, THAT ALLOWS US TO COMPARE BETWEEN COUNTRIES. PERU CAME OUT WITH A HIGH RATE WHICH IS A TRAGEDY. >> THIS MAY SEEM SELF-EVIDENT TO YOU BUT I AM CURIOUS WHAT YOU THINK OF AS THE MAIN IMPORT OF YOUR RESEARCH. WE KNOW COVID IS A REAL KILLER. WE KNOW VACCINATING THE WORLD

GLOBALLY IS THE WAY TO GET THROUGH THIS PANDEMIC BUT WHAT DOES THIS RESEARCH D TO OUR UNDERSTANDING? >> ON ONE LEVEL, MORALLY SPEAKING, I THINK EVERY DEATH SHOULD BE RECORDED. OUT OF RESPECT TO THEM AND THEIR FAMILIES, I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT WE COUNT THOSE PEOPLE. ON PUBLIC HEALTH GROUNDS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW HOW MANY PEOPLE DIED. THE ESTIMATE BY MONTH. WE CAN LOOK AT THE DEATHS BY MONTH AND LOOK AT WHICH MEASURES WERE IN PLACE AT THE TIME. THAT MAY HELP US IN THE FUTURE TO TRY TO AVOID DEATHBOTH AS THE COVID PANDEMIC CONTINUES AND FOR OTHER PANDEMICS. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING HERE. JUDY: ONE OTHER IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT. LATE TODAY, THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ANNOUNCED IT WILL NO LONGER ALLOW AMERICANS TO GET THE JOHNSON & JOHNSON VACCINE UNLESS THEY ARE NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE ANY OF THE OTHER APPROVED COVID VACCINES.

THE MOVE COMES AFTER THE FDA DETERMINED THE RISK OF BLOOD CLOTS FROM THE J&J VACCINE WHILE STILL RARE QUOTE WARRANTS LIMITING THE AUTHORIZED USE OF THE VACCINE. ♪ U.S. FINANCIAL MARKETS HAD THEIR WORST DAY SINCE THE START OF THE PANDEMIC. JUST ONE DAY AFTER THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE POSTED ITS BEST DAY SINCE 2020. THE DOW LOST 1063 POINTS. TO CLOSE AT 32,997. DOWN 3%. THE TECH HEAVY NASDAQ TOOK A BIGGER HIT OVERALL DOWN 647 A FALL OF NEARLY 5%. THE S&P 500 FELL 153 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 4146, LOSING THREE AND A HALF PERCENT. THE S&P 500 HAS DROPPED OR THAN 13% SINCE THE START OF THE YEAR.

TO HELP EXPLAIN WHAT IS BEHIND ALL THIS, I'M JOINED BY SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT CATHERINE RAMPELL. HELLO, CATHERINE. YESTERDAY THERE WAS THIS BIG CLIMB, 900 POINTS. TODAY IT IS DOWN OVER 1000. WHAT IS HAPPENING? >> IT IS A LOT OF WHIPLASH. THIS RECORD GROWTH SINCE 2020 FOLLOWED BY A RECORD DECLINE SINCE 2020. I THINK A SICKLY YESTERDAY THERE WAS A BIT OF EUPHORIA IN THE MARKETS. FED CHAIR JAY POWELL INDICATED THE FED MIGHT BE A LITTLE LESS HAWKISH THAN SOME TRADERS HAD EXPECTED HIM TO BE. HE BASICALLY SAID FOR RIGHT NOW WE ARE NOT CONSIDERING A THREE QUARTERS OF A PERCENTAGE POINT RATE HIKE ANYTIME SOON. THERE WAS THIS BUYING SPREE BECAUSE A LOT OF PEOPLE THOUGHT THE FED WAS GOING TO START TIGHTENING EVEN FASTER. TODAY, PEOPLE WOKE UP, MAYBE WITH A BIT OF A HANGOVER AND LOOKED AT THE PRODUCTIVITY

NUMBERS AT CAME OUT THIS MORNING THAT WERE NOT GREAT. PRODUCTIVITY WENT DOWN IN THE FIRST QUARTER. THEY SAID MAYBE WE OVERREACTED YESTERDAY. YOU SAW A BIG SELLOFF AND SOME PANICKING PARTLY DRIVEN ALSO BY SOME EARNINGS MISSES FROM SOME TECH COMPANIES. JUDY: IT WAS NOT THERE WAS ANYTHING NEW FROM THE FEDERAL RESERVE. IT WAS THESE OTHER FACTORS AND JUST TIME TO SLEEP ON IT? >> SOMETHING LIKE THAT PROBABLY. I THINK TO SOME EXTENT, MARKETS ARE DRIVEN BY ANIMAL SPIRITS. WE CANNOT ENTIRELY PIN DOWN WHAT DRIVES A PARTICULAR INCREASE OR A PARTICULAR DECREASE FROM DAY-TO-DAY. IT DOES LOOK LIKE A LOT OF TRADERS THOUGHT MAYBE THEY OVERREACTED TO THAT PHRASING FROM THE FED YESTERDAY AND THEY ARE LOOKING AT RATES GOING UP FOR THE REST OF THIS YEAR, POTENTIALLY NEXT YEAR AS WELL AND THAT ALWAYS WEIGHS ON STOCKS. JUDY: WHAT ABOUT THE UNDERLYING FACTORS? THE UNDERLYING STRENGTH OR

WEAKNESS OF THE ECONOMY OVERALL? TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THAT PLAY IN? >> OVER THE LAST FEW MONTHS, I THINK THE ECONOMIC FORECAST HAS DARKENED SOMEWHAT BECAUSE WE HAVE GOTTEN HIT WITH A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE AND BAD SHOCKS. I'M TALKING ABOUT THE LOCKDOWNS IN CHINA AFFECTING MANUFACTURING HUBS AND DISRUPTING SUPPLY CHAINS. THERE IS THE WAR IN UKRAINE WHOSE PRIMARY TRAGIC CONSEQUENCE IS THE LOSS OF LIFE BUT THAT HAS ALSO DISRUPTED FOOD MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD, ENERGY MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD, FERTILIZER, COMMODITIES. AS WELL AS A BUNCH OF OTHER THINGS LIKE A DROUGHT IN CALIFORNIA AND AVIAN FLU. ALL THOSE THINGS ARE LIKELY TO DRIVE INFLATION HIGHER WHICH SUGGESTS THE FED WILL HAVE TO ACT EVEN MORE AGGRESSIVELY TO GET INFLATION DOWN AND HISTORICALLY WHEN THE FED HAS HAD TO RAISE INTEREST RATES TO DEAL WITH INFLATION, MOST OF THE TIME THEY HAVE TIPPED US INTO RECESSION.

IF THEY HAVE TO ACT EVEN MORE AGGRESSIVELY TODAY, THERE IS A GREATER RISK WE WILL HAVE A DOWNTURN IN THE NEXT YEAR OR SO. JUDY: FASTEN OUR SEATBELTS. THE RIDE CONTINUES. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> THANK YOU. ♪ JUDY: IN THE DAYS OTHER NEWS, U.N. OFFICIALS ANNOUNCED A NEW OPERATION TO EVACUATE UKRAINIAN CIVILIANS FROM THE BESIEGED CITY OF MARIUPOL. THEY ARE TRAPPED AT A STEEL MILL ALONG WITH UKRAINIAN FIGHTERS AMID A HEAVY RUSSIAN ASSAULT. UKRAINE'S GOVERNMENT SAID THE EVACUATION WOULD TAKE PLACE FRIDAY. WE WILL RETURN TO THIS AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE NEW SUMMARY. IN ISRAEL, THREE PEOPLE WERE STABBED TO DEATH NEAR TEL AVIV TONIGHT AND FOUR OTHERS WOUNDEDO THEIR INDEPENDENCE DAY. POLICE SAID THEY WERE SEARCHING FOR A PAIR OF PALESTINIAN ATTACKERS.

RECENT ATTACKS BY PALESTINIANS AND ISRAELI ARABS HAVE KILLED 15 PEOPLE. ISRAELI ARREST RAIDS IN THE WEST BANK HAVE LEFT 40 PALESTINIANS DEAD. DUST STORMS AND GOLF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN IRAQ TODAY SUSPENDING FLIGHTS AND SENDING SEVERAL THOUSAND PEOPLE TO HOSPILS WITH BREATHING PROBLEMS. BAGHDAD WORKED TO HAZY SKIES AND THICK BLANKETS OF SAND. PEOPLE WERE URGED TO STAY INDOORS AND MANY SAID THE STORMS ARE COMING MORE FREQUENTLY AND CHANGING THEIR LIVES. >> THIS DUST IS DUE TO LACK OF RAIN. THREE YEARS WITHOUT RAIN. I WORK AS A COFFEE VENDOR. I HOLD THE COFFEE POT IN MY HAND AND IT BECOMES COVERED IN DUST. NO ONE WANTS TO DRINK ANYMORE. SAME GOES FOR THE TEA AND FALAFEL VENDORS. THEY HAVE BEEN GONE FOR TWO DAYS NOW. JUDY: IRAQ HAS ALSO WITNESSED RECORD TEMPERATURES IN THE LAST TWO YEARS WITH SUMMER HEAT REACHING 100 25 DEGREES. PARTS OF TEXAS AND A COLOMBO PICKED UP THE PIECES TODAY AFTER RNADOES RIPPED THROUGH

WEDNESDAY EVENING. BY MORNING, DAMAGED HOMES WERE VISIBLE IN SEMINOLE, OKLAHOMA NEAR OKLAHOMA CITY. A MARIJUANA FARM IN NEARBY TOWN IS ALSO HIT HARD. ONE TEACHER IN SEMINOLE TOLD LAST NIGHT OF SHELTERING IN SCHOOL VAULT WITH HER FAMILY. >> IT SEEMED LIKE IT LASTED FOREVER AND IT STARTED TO PULL THE VAULT DOOR OPEN. MY HUSBAND AND MY 15-YEAR-OLD SON HELD THE DOOR SHUT AS THE TORNADO WAS GOING OVER. IT SOUNDED LIKE A TRAIN AND WE COULD HEAR GLASS BREAKING. JUDY: SO SCARY AND IN THE WAKE OF THE STORMS, THOUSANDS OF CUSTOMERS LOST POWER AND SOME ROADS WERE CLOSED BUT THERE WERE NO SERIOUS INJURIES. OPEC AND ITS OIL-PRODUCING ALLIES ARE STICKING TO THEIR PLAN OF GRADUALLY INCREASING PRODUCTION. TODAY'S DECISION CAME DESPITE CALLS FOR THE CARTEL TO MAKE UP FOR THE LOSS OF RUSSIAN OIL. OIL PRICES IN THE U.S. HAVE RISEN MORE THAN 40% SINCE THE YEAR BEGAN. PRESIDENT BIDEN TODAY NAMED

KARINE JEAN-PIERRE AS HIS PRESS SECRETARY. SHE WILL BE THE FIRST BLACK WOMAN AND OPENLY LGBTQ PERSON TO SERVE IN THE POST. SHE IS DEPUTY TED JEN PSAKI WHO WILL STEP DOWN ON MAY 13. IT IS WIDELY REPORTED SHE WILL JOIN MSNBC. STILL TO COME, THE PANDEMIC AND POLITICS WERE SIMPLE AND THE MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES FACED BY LGBTQ YOUTH. ABORTION PROVIDERS PHASE AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE AS THEY AWAIT THE SUPREME COURT'S EXPECTED RULING ON A ROE V. WADE. A MINNEAPOLIS RESTAURANT TOUR REVIVES NATIVE CUISINE AND TRAINS ASPIRING CHEFS IN INDIGENOUS TRADITIONS. PLUS, MUCH MORE. >> THIS IS THE PBS NEWSHOUR FROM W ETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON AND IN THE WEST FROM THE WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. JUDY: RUSSIAN EFFORTS TO SEIZE

THE STEEL PLANT IN MARIUPOL OUR MEETING FIERCE RESISTANCE TODAY AS UKRAINIAN FIGHTERS CONTINUED THEIR LAST DITCH STAND IN THE PORT CITY OF THE EFFORTS TO EVACUATE CIVILIANS GO ON. WITH MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE TRAPPED, REMAINS SO MUCH TO DO. >> NEAR THE FRONT LINE IN UKRAINE'S EAST, THE RUSSIAN MISSILE THAT BLEW OUT AN APARTMENT BUILDING LEFT ITS DEADLY DEBRIS ON A RESIDENTIAL STREET. THE AIR RAID SIRENS OUTLASTED THE WINDOWS FROM WHICH DISCUSSED THE RESIDENCE TOSSED THEIR LIFE POSSESSIONS. TAKING SHELTER IN THEIR NOW UNINHABITABLE HOME, SHELLSHOCKED RESIDENTS WITH THE BLOODSTAINS OF RUSSIA'S ROUTE OF BOMBARDMENT. FAMILY LIVING ROOMS NOW DEBRIS AND A PILE OF RUBBLE. THOSE WHO SURVIVE COUNT THEIR BLESSINGS. >> I DON'T KNOW WHAT THERE IS TO SAY. ONE MOMENT IT SOUNDED FAR AWAY. THEN THE ROOF STARTED CRUMBLING DOWN.

>> MORE RUSSIAN BOMBS RAINED DOWN ACROSS THE COUNTRY. MOSCOW RELEASED A VIDEO OF NEW TRIKES -- NEW STRIKES INCLUDING ON UKRAINIAN ARMORED VEHICLES AND TANKS AT AN EMBER STRUCTURE THAT COULD CARRY WESTERN WEAPONS INCLUDING THIS BRIDGE IN UKRAINE'S THIRD-LARGEST CITY. THE FOCUS REMAINS ON MARIUPOL AND WITH A CITY IN RUINS, THE SPRAWLING STEEL PLANT. RUSSIA AND SEPARATIST ALLIES LEASE THIS VIDEO OF RUSSIAN TROOPS TRYING TO STORM THE PLANT AS IT CONTINUES A BLOW IS ATTACK FROM THE AIR. DEEP UNDERNEATH THE EXPLOSIONS, CIVILIANS HAVE BEEN COWERING FOR TWO MONTHS AND OUTGUNNED A STALL JURORS HAVE FOUGHT AND THE FINAL STAND LED BY THE AZOV BATTALION. >> WE CALLN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY TO EVACUATE CIVILIANS. I PERSONALLY APPEALED TO THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF TO TAKE CARE OF WOUNDED SOLDIERS WHO WERE DYING IN AGONY FROM INADEQUATE TREATMENT. PROVIDE THE OPPORTUNITY TYPICAL OF THE BODIES OF SOLDIERS SO UKRAINIANS CAN SAY GOODBYE TO

THEIR HEROES. >> A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT SAYS HALF A DOZEN CIVILIANS AND SOLDIERS DIE EVERY DAY. >> THERE IS PRACTICALLY NO FOOD. PRACTICALLY NO WATER. LOTS OF THEM ARE SICK. LOTS OF THEM ARE WOUNDED. AZOV COULD HAVE LEFT MARIUPOL BUT THE FACT THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 500 WOUNDED DOES NOT ALLOW THEM TO DO THAT. THEY WILL NEVER SURRENDER AND THEY WILL FIGHT TO THE END. >> A WEALTHY INDUSTRIALIST FROM MARIUPOL AND FORMER GOVERN OF THE DONETSK REGION THAT INCLUDES MARIUPOL. HE MET HIM IN 2014 WHEN MARGARET WARNER VISITED HIS OFFICE AND TWO MONTHS LATER WHEN HE WAS FORCED TO WORK IN A HOTEL AFTER PRO-RUSSIAN SEPARATISTS SEIZED HIS OFFICE. THE DAY, RUSSIA'S INVASION HAS EXTENDED ITS CONTROL OF THE DUNDAS INTO MARIUPOL CENTER. THIS WEEK, A SENIOR PRUNING AID -- A SENIOR PUT AID VISITED MARIUPOL. UKRAINE CANNOT STOP RUSSIA FROM TARGETING CIVILIANS AND SOLDIERS

IN THE PLANT, SOME OF WHOM RECENTLY ESCAPED. >> WHEN THESE CIVILIANS ARE LEAVING THE PLANT, THE RUSSIANS CAN SEE FROM THEIR DRONES WHERE THEY ARE COMING FROM AND AFTER THAT AT NIGHT TY START BOMBING THESE LOCATIONS. >> IS THERE ANYTHING UKRAINE CAN DO TO SAVE AZOVSTAL? >> I WISH ALL WORLD LEADERS INCREASE THEIR PRESSURE ON PUTIN. THERE HAS TO BE A HARSH PRESSURE UNTIL THEY ARE ALL OUT BUT WE HAVE TO DO IT VERY, VERY URGENTLY. >> IT IS ALREADY TOO LATE TO Y. THIS WAS HOME FOR TWO SISTERS AND THEIR FAMILY WRECKED BY RUSSIAN BOMBS. THAT FELL CONSTANTLY AND CREATED A TERRIFYING DAILY SOUNDTRACK. THE BOMBS SET FIRES TO THEIR NEIGHBORS HOMES. INSIDE THERE HOME THEY GROW UP AND COME OF THE FAMILY SHELTERED AS BEST AS THEY COULD. PROTECTED ONLY BY A WOODEN TABLE. TODAY IN KYIV, THEY ARE SAFE. SHE AND HER SISTER LOOK AT PHOTOS OF A HAPPIER TIME BEFORE

THEIR CITY AND LIVES WERE SHATTERED. THEY HAVE NOT HEARD FROM THEIR MOM STILL TRAPPED IN MARIUPOL IN MORE THAN TWO WEEKS. >> IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO OPEN MY PHOTO LIBRARY AND LOOK AT PICTURES OF US LAUGHING, HAVING FUN. THIS IS PRACTICALLY SUICIDE. IF I DO, MY HEART SHATTERS. I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY, HOW AT SOME POINT. >> A FOUR-YEAR-OLD BOY AND HIS FAMILY FORCED FROM THEIR HOME AND FROM THEIR HOMETOWN THAT TODAY BARELY EXISTS. THE SISTERS SAY THEY WANT THEIR MOTHER TO LEAVE MARIUPOL QUICKLY BECAUSE THEY FEAR IF SHE STAYS TOO LONG, SHE COULD END UP BEHIND RUSSIAN LINES PERMANENTLY SHOULD AS FOR THE PLANT, THEY TELL ME THEY HOPE UKRAINIAN FORCES CAN LAUNCH A COUNTEROFFENSIVE IN THE CITY IN THE NEXT TWO TO THREE WEEKS. THAT IS BECAUSE OF ALL OF THE AMERICAN ARTILLERY THAT IS FLOWING INTO THE COUNTRY AND INTO EASTERN UKRAINE.

BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR IF THE SOLDIERS INSIDE THE PLANT OR THE CIVILIANS CAN HOLD OUT THAT LONG. JUDY: WE THANK YOU AND A REMINDER THAT OUR COVERAGE OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE IS SUPPORTED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE PULITZER CENTER. OVER THE PAST FEW MONTHS, THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION'S RHETORIC ABOUT ITS ULTIMATE GOALS FOR UKRAINE APPEARS TO HAVE SHIFTED. OFFICIALS ARE TALKING MORE ABOUT WINNING THE WAR AGAINST RUSSIA. AT THE SAME TIME THE WHITE HOUSE HAS INCREASED MILITARY SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE RAISING CONCERNS IT COULD PROVOKE RUSSIA TUSE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION. FOR A CLOSER LOOK AT THE QUESTIONS RAISED BY THIS, WE GET TWO VIEWS. THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE MCCAIN INSTITUTE AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION, SHE SERVED AS DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR EURASIA. AND A POLITICAL SCIENCE PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. HE HAS WRITTEN EXTENSIVELY ABOUT U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY.

HIS LATEST BOOK IS THE GREAT DELUSION. LIBERAL DREAMS AND INTERNATIONAL REALITIES. WE WELCOME YOU BOTH BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR. JOHN, I'M GOING TO START WITH YOU. DO YOU BELIEVE U.S. GOALS FOR UKRAINE HAVE CHANGED AND IF SO, HOW? >> I THINK INITIALLY, THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION THOUGHT THE BEST WE COULD DO IN UKRAINE WAS TO STYMIE THE RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE BY ASSISTING THE UKRAINIANS. BUT WHEN IT BECAME CLEAR THE UKRAINIANS WERE DOING VERY WELL ON THE BATTLEFIELD AGAINST THE RUSSIANS, WE ESCALATED AND EVENTUALLY GREATLY ESCALATED OUR GOALS. AND WE ARE NOW AND ON INFLICTING A DECISIVE DEFEAT ON RUSSIAN FORCES IN UKRAINE. BEATING THEM DECISIVELY ON THE BATTLEFIELD. AND IN ADDITION, WRECKING THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY WITH SANCTIONS. ALL OF THIS IS DESIGNED TO GREATLY WEEN RUSSIAN POWER. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AUSTIN HAS MADE THIS VERYLEAR.

ONE COULD ARGUE WHAT HE AND HIS COLLEAGUES IN THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION ARE DUE -- REGISTERED IN DOING IS KNOCKING RUSSIA OUT OF THE GREAT POWER RANKS. JUDY: EVELYN, DO YOU SEE THE SAME THING GOING ON? >> SOME OF THE THE NOT EXACTLY. SO THE UNDERLYING OBJECTIVE AND THIS RUNS FROM THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION THROUGH THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION DESPITE WHAT PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID HIMSELF, HIS CABINET KEPT THE SAME POLICY VIS-A-VIS UKRAINE AND ALL THE WAY TO TODAY. OUR OBJECTIVE HAS BEEN TO PROTECT UKRAINE'S RIGHT TO ITS SOVEREIGNTY, THE BORDERS AS THEY EXIST AND THEIR RIGHT TO ASSOCIATE WITH NATO OR THE EUROPEAN UNION. THAT IS STEADY GOING BUT I WOULD AGREE THAT THERE HAS BEEN A CHANGE IN THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION. THEY HAVE RECOGNIZED THE ONLY WAY TO STOP VLADIMIR PUTIN IS NOT THROUGH SANCTIONS, NOT THROUGH TRYING TO APPEAL TO THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE.

ACTUALLY BY DEFEATING UKRAINE -- DEFEATING PRESSURE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. -- DEFEATING RUSSIA ON THE BATTLEFIELD SHOULD JUDY: CONTINUING THAT POINT, I HEAR JOHN SAYING WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE THE U.S. IS NOW SAYING IS THEY WANT TO NOT JUST DEGRADE THE RUSSIAN MILITARY BUT ALMOST WIPE IT OUT AND DO THE SAME THING TO THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY. >> HERE IS WHERE I DISAGREE. I DON'T THINK THIS ADMINISTRATION CARES WHETHER RUSSIA MAINTAINS ITS ECONOMIC POWER IN PRINCIPLE. WHETHER IT MAINTAINS ITS MILITARY POWER IN PRINCIPLE. THIS AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY BEING CONDUCTED BY VLADIMIR PUTIN SINCE 2008 WHEN THEY INVADED GEORGIA, THE FIRST NEIGHBOR THEY INVADED AND OCCUPIED IS NOT GOING TO STOP WHILE VLADIMIR PUTIN IS IN THE KREMLIN, WHILE HE HAS THE MONEY TO SUPPORT THIS FOREIGN POLICY. THE ADMINISTRATION HAS DECIDED THAT NOW THEY MUST WEAKEN RUSSIA

AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO PUT AN END TO THIS CURRENT FOREIGN POLICY ADOPTED BY THE KREMLIN. IT IS NOT SOMETHING THEY WISH PERMANENTLY. THAT IS NOT A POLICY DECISION I SEE COMING OUT OF THE WHITE HOUSE. JUDY: BUT I HEAR YOU DESCRIBING IS SOMETHING YOU THINK YOU BELIEVE IS DANGEROUS. THAT IT COULD GET THE U.S. INTO A SITUATION WHERE THE RUSSIANS ARE RETALIATING IN WAYS THE U.S. IS NOT PREPARED TO DEAL WITH. >> I THINK THIS POLI THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION IS FOLLOWING IS A DANGEROUAND FOOLISH. WE KNOW THAT THE ONE CIRCUMSTANCE IN WHICH A GREAT POWER IS LIKELY TO USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS IS WHEN IT IS -- WHEN IT SURVIVAL IS THREATENED. WHEN IT THINKS A DECISIVE DEFEAT IS BEING INFLICTED ON IT. WHAT THE IS BENT ON DOING IS INFLICTING A DECISIVE DEFEAT ON RUSSIA.

WE ARE THREATENING AT SUIVAL. WE ARE PRESENTING THE RUSSIANS WITH AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT. THIS IS THE ONE CIRCUMSTANCE WHERE THEY MIGHT USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS. I THINK WE SHOULD BE GOING TO NORMA'S LENGTHS TO MAKE SURE WE DO NOT PUT THEM INTO A POSITION WHERE THEY COUNTENANCE USING NUCLEAR WEAPONS. JUDY: EVELYN, IS THAT THE RISK HERE THAT THE U.S. CONFRONTS BY CHANGING THE GOAL? >> RUSSIA'S NUCLEAR POLICY DOES ALLOW FOR THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS FIRST AGAINST AN ADVERSARY IF IT FEELS THAT THE EXISTENCE OF THE STATE IS IN QUESTION. I THINK THAT LEAVES A LOT OF ROOM FOR SUBJECTIVE INTERPRETATION AND OF COURSE THAT WILL BE VLADIMIR PUTIN'S INTERPRETATION. WHAT WE CANNOT FORGET IS WE ARE ALSO A NUCLEAR POWER. WE HAVE DETERRENTS IN PLACE. VLADIMIR PUTIN DOES NOT WANT A NUCLEAR WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES OR NATO. HE DOES NOT WANT A CONVENTIONAL WAR WITH US EITHER BECAUSE HE CAN BARELY WIN THE ONE HE IS WAGING IN UKRAINE.

I DON'T THINK WE SHOULD BE DETERRED BY THIS FEAR HE IS GOING TO REACH FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS. I AM NOT DISMISSING IT. THE OBJECTIVE WE HAVE RIGHT NOW, THE STAKES ARE SO HIGH. IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT UKRAINE. IT IS ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER. WE ARE FIGHTING TO STOP VLADIMIR PUTIN FROM TURNING AFTER UKRAINE TO GEORGIA AND MOLDOVA, DESTROYING NATO, REASSERTING A SPHERE OF INFLUENCE SYSTEM WHICH IS WHAT WE PUT TO BED AFTER THE END OF WORLD WAR II WHEN WE SET UP THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE RULES-BASED ORDER. JUDY: I HEAR YOU SAYING YOU FEAR RUSSIA CANNOT BE DETERRED. THERE MAY BE A DECISION MADE BY VLADIMIR PUTIN TO USE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION INCLUDING NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND THAT THE U.S. IS MOVING INEXORABLY TOWARD THAT DIRECTION? >> I THINK IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND IF YOU WERE TO USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS, HE WOULD USE THEM IN ALL LIKELIHOOD IN WESTERN UKRAINE.

THERE ARE NO NATO OR AMERICAN FORCES IN WESTERN UKRAINE. HE WOULD NOT BE ATTACKING US. HE WOULD BE USING THOSE WEAPONS IN UKRAINE. THE QUESTION IS WHAT DO WE DO THEN? I'M NOT SURE WHAT WE WOULD DO. WOULD WE USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS? WOULD WE GET DRAGGED INTO THE WAR? WHEN THE PROFESSOR TALKS ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS FOR THE WORLD ORDER, I'M MORE WORRIED ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES IF WE END UP GETTING HIT WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS. WE WANT TO REMEMBER WHAT PRESIDENT KENNEDY DID DURING THE CUN MISSILE CRISIS. HE WAS IN A SIMILAR SITUATION. WHAT HE DID WAS TRY TO DAMPEN THE CONFLICT. HE TRIED TO WORK OUT SOME SORT OF DEAL WITH KHRUSHCHEV SOE COULD BOTH AVOID GETTING VAPORIZED. WHAT THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION IS DOING IS THE OPPOSITE. IT IS PUTTING POLLUTANT IN A POSITION WHERE HE MIGHT VERY WELL USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS. I THINK THIS IS REMARKABLY FOOLISH. JUDY: EVELYN, WHAT DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IF VLADIMIR PUTIN WERE

TO RESORT TO TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS? WHAT DO YOU SEE THE U.S. RESPONSE -- >> I THINK HE IS MOST LIKELY TO USE THEM IF HE FEELS IT WILL BE NO CONSEQUENCES FOR HIM. IF HE THINKS WE WILL NOT COUNTER WITH A NUCLEAR USE, I KNOW IT IS A HORRIBLE THING TO CONTEMPLATE BUT THAT IS HOW DETERRENCE WORKS. OR IF HE THINKS WE WILL NOT ENTER THE WAR DIRECTLY. AND ACTUALLY I THINK I AM NOT SURE WHETHER OUR GOVERNMENT WOULD ACTUALLY USE NUCLEAR FORCE AND A RESPONSE THAT WE HAVE TO SAY THAT BECAUSE THAT IS PART OF DETERRENTS. IF THERE IS NUCLEAR USE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE WORLD WAR II AND VLADIMIR PUTIN MAY WELL DO THAT IF HE THINKS WE WON'T RESPOND, I THINK PRESIDENT BIDEN WILL ENTER THE WAR DIRECTLY. THAT IS NOT AN TROOPS ON THE GROUND BUT IT MEANS RUSSIA WILL LOSE. I THINK VLADIMIR PUTIN IS LIKELY SMART ENOUGH TO UNDERSTAND THE DANGER FOR HIMSELF. HE IS NOT GOING TO REACH FOR A NUCLEAR WEAPON RIGHT NOW. HE IS ALREADY PROCEEDING A

LITTLE MORE CAUTIOUSLY FROM WHAT WE COULD SEE. IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN HOW THIS ALL ENDS. HE IS NOT INTERESTED IN TAKING ON THE UNITED STATES AND NATO PIT >> THESE ARE ENORMOUS QUESTIONS AND WE ARE GOING TO BE COMING BACK TO THEM. IT IS SO IMPORTANT TO BEGIN TO EXPLORE THIS TONIGHT AS WE HAVE WITH BOTH OF YOU. WE THANK YOU. ♪ TEENAGE SUICIDE ATTEMPTS HAVE BEEN INCREASING IN THE PAST FEW YEARS AND THE PANDEMIC HAS EXACERBATED THE CRISIS ESPECIALLY AMONG MARGINALIZED YOUTH. AS STEPHANIE SY TELLS US, A NEW SURVEY UNDERSCORES A MUCH MORE SERIOUS THE PROBLEM IS FOR LGBTQ YOUTH. STEPHANIE: THE SURVEY FROM THE TREVOR PROJECT FOUND THAT 35% OF LGBTQ YOUTH ACROSS THE U.S. SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED SUICIDE

LAST YEAR. 14% ATTEMPTED SUICIDE. THE RATE WAS EVEN HIGHER AMONG TRANSGENDER AND NON-BINARY INDIVIDUALS. ONE IN FIVE ATTEMPTED SUICIDE. THAT BUILDS ON WHAT THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL FOUND LAST MONTH AT ITS FIRST NATIONAL SURVEY OF HIGH SCHOOLERS. STUDENT REVEALED ONE IN FOUR LGBTQ TEENAGERS ATTEMPTED SUICIDE OUT OF THE FIRST PART OF 2021 AND NEARLY HALF HAD CONSIDERED IT. SAM AMES IS THE DIRECTOR OF ADVOCACY AND GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS AT THE TREVOR PROJECT AND JOINS ME NOW. THESE ARE DISTURBING STATISTICS. YOUR GROUP DOES THIS SURVEY EVERY YEAR AND WE HAVE BEEN SEEING THE TREND FOR A WHILE NOW. WHAT IS STRIKING TO YOU ABOUT THIS MOST RECENT DATA? >> AND THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME. FORTUNATELY WHAT WE ARE SEEING ACROSS THE BOARD IS AN INCREASE IN SUICIDE RISK AMONG LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER AND QUEER YOUTH. OUR 2022 SURVEY IS ONE OF THE

LARGEST OF ITS KIND. WE WERE ABLE TO TALK TO NEARLY 34,000 LGBTQ YOUNG PEOPLE ACROSS THE U.S. ONE OF THE MOST DIVERSE SURVEYS WE HAVE EVER CONDUCTED. WE WERE ABLE TO BREAK THE DATA DOWN BY SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY AND RACE. WHAT WE SAW WAS BY COMPARING THE DATA OF OUR LAST THREE YEARS OF HER ANNUAL REVIEWS, REPORTS OF YOUTH SERIOUSLY CONSIDERING SUICIDE AMONG THE RESPONDENTS ARE TRENDING UPWARDS. AND A THREE YEARS, THEY HAVE INCREASED FROM 40% TO 45. WHILE WE CANNOT ATTRIBUTE THAT TO ONE PARTICULAR THING, WHAT WE HAVE SEEN IS THAT THERE ARE ENORMOUS IMPACTS OF COVID-19 AND THIS INCREASINGLY HOSTILE POLITICAL CLIMATE PARTICULARLY FOR LGBTQ YOUTH. STEPHANIE: YOUR SURVEY ALSO FOUND BLACK AND BROWN YOUNG PEOPLE FOR EXAMPLE, INDIGENOUS YOUNG PEOPLE, MIDDLE EASTERN AND BLACK YOUTH, THAT THEY HAD HIGHER RATES OF ATTEMPTING SUICIDE COMPARED TO THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS. WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS?

>> I THINK RIGHT NOW WE ARE SEEING A PARTICULARLY HEATED LITTLE PRIVATE THAT -- HEATED POLITICAL CLIMATE THE TARGET SOME GROUPS MORE THAN OTHERS. WHEN WE ARE SEEING A DISCUSSION ABOUT SO-CALLED CRITICAL RACE THEORY IN SCHOOLS, WE ARE SEEING OUR YOUNG PEOPLE REACT TO THAT. WHEN WE ARE SEEING THIS IN NORMA'S WAVE OF ANTI-LGBTQ YOUTH LEGISLATION, MOST OF WHICH TARGETS TRANSGENDER AND UN-BINARY YOUTH, WE ARE SAVING THAT -- WE'RE SEEING THAT HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT. SEEING THE TARGETING OF DISTINCT POPULATIONS IS HAVING A RELIABLE PREDICTABLE IMPACT ON REAL MENTAL HEALTH AND SUICIDE RISK. STEPHANIE: CAN YOU DESCRIBE IN A LITTLE MORE DETAIL WHAT SPECIFIC TYPE OF POLICIES YOU ARE SEEING STATE LEGISLATURES CONSIDEOR PAST THAT ARE EITHER HELPING OR HURTING THIS GROUP OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHEN IT COMES TO SUICIDE RISK ESPECIALLY AS WE SEE STATE LEGISLATORS TAKING DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO TRANSGENDER AND NON-BINARY YOUTH AT THE HIGHEST RISK ACCORDING TO YOUR MOST RECENT DATA?

>> WE ARE SEEING A VERY BROAD ARRAY OF LEGISLATION TARGETING LGBTQ YOUTH. PARTICULARLY TRANSGENDER AND NON-BINARY YOUTH. THESE THINGS COVEEVERY AREA OF LIFE. SPORTS TEAMS, CLASSROOMS, EVEN BATHROOMS. THIS TO THE EVERY MOMENT A YOUNG PERSON IS ALIVE. THE ONLY THING THEY HAVE IN COMMON WITH ONE ANOTHER IS THEIR TARGET AS THE FACT THIS CREATES A DEPENDABLE WEDGE ISSUE. WHEN WE TALK TO YOUTH ABOUT THE ACTUAL IMPACT THIS IS HAVING ON THEM, 93% OF TRANSGENDER YOUTH SAY THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT ACCESSING GENDER AFFIRMING HEALTH CARE. 91% ARE WORRIED ABOUT WHETHER THEY CAN LEAVE THE HOUSE AND HAVE A RELIABLE BATHROOM TO GO TO SAFELY. 83% ARE WORRIED ABOUT THEIR ABILITY TO PLAY SPORTS. ONE MORE NUMBER THAT STRIKES ME IS 85%. THAT IS THE NUMBER OF TRANSGENDER AND NON-BINARY YOUTH WHO REPORT TO US THEY ARE

FOLLOWING THE NEWS. THEY ARE ANYTHING BUT A POLITICALLY APATHETIC. AND IT IS MAKING THEM FEEL SAD OR ANGRY AND STRESSED BUT IT IS ALSO MAKING THEM FEEL SCARED. STEPHANIE: IT IS THAT SENSE OF AFFIRMATION YOU ARE DESCRIBING BOTH IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND THE HOME ENVIRONMENT THAT IN YOUR RESEARCH MAKES THE DIFFERENCE FOR RISK. IT WAS A STANFORD STUDY THAT SHOWED RECENTLY ACCESS TO GENDER AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY IN THE TEEN YEARS LOWERS RISK OF SUICIDE BUT YOU HAVE MORE THAN A DOZEN STATES TRYING TO RESTRICT ACCESS TO THAT MEDICAL CARE. HOW DOES THAT PLAY INTO SUICIDE RISK FOR THESE YOUNG PEOPLE? >> WE KNOW ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE THAT AFFIRMS A YOUNG PERSON'S GENDER WHETHER THROUGH A MEDICAL TRANSITION OR A SOCIAL TRANSITION IS LINKED TO A REDUCTION IN SUICIDE ATTEMPTS. IN A SPORTS TEAM IS LINKED TO A REDUCTION IN SUICIDE ATTEMPTS. HAVING AFFIRMING TEXTBOOKS IS LINKED TO A REDUCTION IN SUICIDE ATTEMPTS.

WHILE THE SURVEY IS VERY HARD TO READ IN SOME WAYS, IT POINTS TO SOMETHING THAT SHOULD GIVE US A LOT OF HOPE WHICH IS THAT WHEN LGBTQ YOUTH ARE ABLE TO ACCESS ADULTS WHO SUPPORT AND AFFIRM THEM, THEIR SUICIDE RISK GOES DOWN. THAT IS PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR PARENTS AND FAMILIES, FOR TEACHERS AND FOR DOCTORS. THE EXACT PEOPLE THAT THESE BILLS ARE TRYING TO REGULATE INTO NOT SUPPORTING THESE YOUTH. STEPHANIE: SAM AMES WITH THE TREVOR PROJECT. THANK YOU FOR JOINING THE NEWSHOUR. THE TREVOR PROJECT OPERATES A 24/7 CRISIS HOTLINE FOR ANYONE CONSIDERING SELF-HARM. THAT IS AVAILABLE AT 866-4887 386 OR BY TEXTING START TO 678 670. JUDY: THANK YOU, SAID -- 678, 678. JUDY: THANK YOU, STEPHANIE. IF YOU HAVE TEENAGERS IN YOUR LIFE OR YOUR CONCERNED ABOUT THE MENTAL HEALTH AFFECTING YOUNG PEOPLE NATIONWIDE.

THE PODCAST ON OUR MINDS IS PRODUCED WITH AND BY TEENAGERS IN PARTNERSHIP WITH OUR STUDENT REPORTING LABS. >> AS LONG AS THERE IS STRESS IN THE WORLD, WE ARE NOT GOING TO GET RID OF ANXIETY ANYTIME SOON BUT WE CAN LEARN TO LIVE WITH IT AND DEAL WITH IT IN A HEALTHY MANNER. >> SELF-CARE IS NOT ALL BUBBLE BATH AND CANDLES. IT IS UNDERSTANDING YOUR BOUNDARIES. GOING TO SLEEP ON TIME. >> WE HAVE AN AMAZING SEASON COMING UP. CONVERSATIONS ABOUT THE FEAR OF MISSING OUT. >> EATING DISORDERS, LGBTQ IDENTITY. >> RACE, CULTURE, FRIENDSHIP, MUSIC GOOD SO MUCH TO LOOK FORWARD TO AND SO MUCH TO LEARN FROM. >> PEOPLE WHO ARE ABLE TO BE VULNERABLE WITH ONE ANOTHER AND OPEN UP ARE THE WORLD. >> WE ARE ALL GOING THROUGH SOMETHING AND HEARING STORIES ABOUT WHAT OTHER TEENS ARE GOING THROUGH HELPS FROM PBS NEWSHOUR STUDENT REPORTING LABS. THIS IS ALL IN OUR MINDS. >> A PODCAST ABOUT TEENAGERS AND MENTAL HEALTH. JUDY: ON OUR MINDS RECENTLY

LAUNCHED ITS SECOND SEASON. YOU CAN LISTEN TO THAT WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR PODCASTS. A DRAFT SUPREME COURT OPINION THAT WAS LEAKED TO POLITICO EARLIER THIS WEEK SUGGESTS JUSTICES ARE POISED TO OVERTURN ROE V. WADE. THE LANDMARK 1973 DECISION THAT LEGALIZED ABORTION NATIONWIDE. LISA EXAMINES WHAT THE EXPECTED RULING WOULD MEAN FOR ABORTION PROVIDERS. >> FOR MORE ON THE POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS DECISION, WE TURN TO AN ABORTION PROVIDER IN HOUSTON AND AN ABORTION PROVIDER IN ST. PAUL WHO ALSO TRAVELS TO SOUTH DAKOTA EVERY FEW WEEKS TO SEE PATIENTS. THIS OBVIOUSLY IS A CONTENTIOUS, LEGAL AND MORAL DEBATE BUT WE WANT TO TALK TO BOTH OF YOU ABOUT WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE ON THE GROUND CENTRALLY. -- ON THE GROUND POTENTIALLY. WHAT WOULD OVERTURNING ROE MEAN FOR YOUR PATIENCE IN SOUTH DAKOTA WERE A BAND WOULD LIKELY

GO IN PLACE IMMEDIATELY? >> FOR MY PATIENTS IN SOUTH DAKOTA, IT WOULD MEAN ONE OF THREE THINGS. CONTINUING A PREGNANCY AND DELIVERING A BABY OR TRAVELING TO ANOTHER STATE WHERE YOU CAN ACCESS ABORTION OR SELF MANAGING AN ABORTION. THAT IS WHAT IT WOULD LOOK LIKE. >> HOW FAR WITH THAT KIND OF TRAVEL BE IF THERE WERE NO ABORTIONS PROVIDED IN SOUTH DAKOTA? >> WE ALREADY HAVE PATIENTS TRAVELING UPWARDS OF 150 MILES ONE WAY TO ACCESS ABORTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA ALREADY TO IF YOU PUT ON TOP OF THAT THE CLOSEST ABORTION CENTER AFTER A BAND WOULD BE IN THE TWIN CITIES OR OMAHA. THAT IS AN ADDITIONAL 200 MILES. QUITE A WAYS. >> WE ARE TALKING MANY HOURS. SOME THING LIKE FIVE TO NINE HOURS OF DRIVING. I WANT TO LOOK AT YOUR SITUATION IN TEXAS. . A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT. TEXAS IS ONE OF 26 STATES WHERE BANS ON ABORTION OR NEAR BANS

WOULD GO INTO EFFECT BUT ABORTIONS ARE ALREADY HIGHLY RESTRICTED THERE. WHAT WOULD THE IMPACT OF A FULL BAND OVERTURNING ROE BE IN TEXAS? >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. WE HAVE SEEN THAT ALREADY HAPPEN HERE IN TEXAS WHEN THE GOVERNOR ISSUED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER WHEN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WAS STARTING. FOR FOUR WEEKS, ABORTIONS WERE COMPLETELY BANNED IN THE STATE. FOR THE LAST EIGHT MONTHS, WE HAVE BEEN LIVING UNDER SENATE BILL EIGHT WHICH IS AN EXTREME BAN ON ABORTION. ABOUT HALF OF OUR PATIENTS HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO GET CARE. IN TEXAS WE ARE LIVING IN A POST- ROE WORLD ALREADY. WHAT I HAVE SEEN FOR MY PATIENTS IT IS -- AS IT IS DIFFICULT FOR PATIENTS TO TRAVEL FOR CARE OUT-OF-STATE. MANY PATIENTS HAVE TOLD ME TRAVELING IS SIMPLY NOT AN OPTION AND THEREFORE IS TO HAVE CHILDREN THEY KNOW THEY CANNOT TAKE CARE OF. JUDY: I SEE YOU NODDING ABOUT THE IDEA -- >> I SEE YOU NODDING

WITH THE IDEA OF TRAVEL FOR A LOT OF THESE PIENTS. YOU EXPECT TO SEE AN INFLUX OF THESE PATIENTS POTENTIALLY IN MINNESOTA WHERE IT LOOKS LIKE ABORTION WILL REMAIN LEGAL AFT THIS AND HOW ARE YOU PREPARING FOR THAT? DO YOU HAVE THE STAFF AND RESOURCES? >> WE DO REALLY EXPECT TO SEE AN INCREASE IN TRAVEL. WE KNOW NOT EVERYONE IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TRAVEL FOR ABORTION CARE BUT WE WILL DEFINITELY SEE IT. DEPENDING ON HOW THE FINAL DECISION PLAYS OUT, WE WILL HAVE A CONSIDERABLE IMPACT ON OUR REGION. WE HAVE SOME STATES THAT HAVE A LOT OF RESTRICTIONS ALREADY. WE WOULD SEE POTENTIALLY 8% OR 25% INCREASE IN DEMAND IN MINNESOTA. >>>> WHO ARE WE TALKING ABOUT HERE? SOMETIMES WHEN YOU'RE TALKING BUT ABORTION YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT THE MORAL ASPECTS OF IT BUT I'M INTERESTED IN ASKING YOU WHO YOUR PATIENTS ARE. AND WHATEVER WAY YOU WANT TO DESCRIBE THEM AND WHO DO YOU THINK WOULD BE MOST AFFECTED BY BAND OR NEAR BAN >> THERE IS NO ONE TYPE OF

PATIENT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO POINT OUT THE SECOND PART OF YOUR QUESTION ABOUT WHO IS MOST IMPACTED. TEXAS HAS HAD A LOT OF ABORTION RESTRICTIONS PASSED AND ENACTED TO WITH ANY RESTRICTION, THE MOST IMPACTED FOLKS ARE ALWAYS FOLKS OF COLOR. LOW-INCOME FOLKS WHO HAVE A HARDER TIME GETTING TO PLACES THAT MAY BE ABLE TO PROVIDE CARE. YOUNG PEOPLE WHO HAVE A NUMBER OF LAWS THEY HAVE TO NAVIGATE. UNDOCUMENTED FOLKS. LGBTQ FOLKS. THOSE ARE THE FOLKS WHO ARE GOING TO SUFFER THE MOST WHEN WE HAVE FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ON ABORTION ACCESS. >> MY PATIENTS ALSO RUN THE GAMUT FROM MINERS TRYING TO ACCESS CARE TO WOMEN OF COLOR TO RELIGIOUS WOMEN. WOMEN WHO COME TO MY OFFICE AND TELL ME THEY ARE AGAINST ABORTION BUT THEY NEED ONE TO I AGREE WITH HIM. THERE IS NO PARTICULAR PATIENT. ANYONE WHO CAN BECOME PREGNANT CAN BECOME MY PATIENT. >> I WONDER WHAT YOUR PERSONAL PLANS ARE IF THERE IS A FULL BAN ON ABORTION IN TEXAS?

WOULD YOU MOVE? ? WOULD YOU CHANGE YOUR PRACTICE TO ANOTHER STATE IF YOU ARE NO LONGER ABLE TO PROVIDE ABORTIONS? >> THAT IS SOMETHING I THINK MANY OF US ARE CONSIDERING. I DON'T PLAN ON LEAVING TEXAS TO HAVE SEEN OVER THE LAST EIGHT MONTHS WITH THIS MOST RECENT ATTACK ON ABORTION RIGHTS AND TEXAS PEOPLE NEED CARE BEFORE THEY HAVE TO TRAVEL TO GET THERE ABORTION. THEY NEED CARE AFTER THEIR ABORTION FOR FOLLOW-UP OR CONFIRMATION THERE ABORTION IS COMPLETE. THERE ARE STILL THINGS WE CAN DO IN TEXAS AND HELPING PEOPLE WE CAN GET -- HELPING PEOPLE TO GET WHERE WE NEED TO. I HAVE THE ABILITY TO TRAVEL OUT OF STATE AND PROVIDE CARE. I HAVE DONE THAT IN THE PAST. IT IS PROBABLY SOMETHING I WILL CONTINUE TO DO KNOWING THERE WILL BE A HUGE NEED FOR FOLKS TRAINED IN ABORTION CARE IN THE FUTURE. >> I HEAR HIM PREPARING FOR THIS DECISION. WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO TELL YOUR PATIENTS IN SOUTH DAKOTA THE NEXT TIME YOU SEE THEM ABOUT THEIR SITUATION AND WHAT IS AHEAD?

>> WE ARE PLANNING FOR THE POSSIBILITY I DON'T KNOW IF YOU ARE AWARE BUT IN SOUTH DAKOTA THERE IS A STRICT 72 HOUR WAITING PERIOD. WE CANNOT TO ANY PART OF THE PROCEDURE UNTIL 72 HOURS LATER. WE ARE UNDER THE PROCESS OF HAVING TO EXPLAIN TO OUR PATIENTS DEPENDING ON WHEN THE DECISION COMES DOWN BECAUSE IT IS MET IN SOUTH DAKOTA, WE MAY ONLY GET TO SEE THEM FOR THE CONSULT AND NOT GET TO SEE THEM FOR THE PROCEDURE. WE ARE HAVING THAT CONVERSATION WITH PATIENTS ALREADY. WHAT THAT WOULD MEAN IS US HAVING TO FIND A WAY TO NAVIGATE THEM TO LIKELY MINNESOTA WHERE THEY COULD GET THEIR CARE. WE ARE PREPARING. WE ARE PREPARING FOR AN INFLUX OF PATIENTS BECAUSE WE IMAGINE THAT IS WHAT IT IS GOING TO BE. >> IN OUR LAST FEW SECONDS, WENT TO ASK EACH OF YOU WHAT THIS MEANS FOR ABORTION PROVIDERS. WHAT IS GOING ON WITH EA COUNITY -- WITH THE COMMUNITY? >> I THINK THIS HAS BEEN A DIFFICULT MOMENT FOR MOST OF US BECAUSE WE LOVE THE WORK WE DO. WE SEE PEOPLE WHO NEED THIS CARE THAT ARE PREGNANT AND KNOW THEY CANNOT BE PAID WE KNOW THEIR

NAMES. WHEN OTHER STORIES ARE THIS IS PERSONAL FOR US BECAUSE WE RRY ABOUT WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN TO THEM. THIS IS A DIFFICULT MOMENT BUT WE KNOW ABORTION HAS ALWAYS BEEN NEEDED BY FOLKS THROUGHOUT HISTORY. THAT IS NOT GOING TO CHANGE AND WE ARE COMMITTED TO SHOWING UP FOR PEOPLE AND CONTINUING THE FIGHT. >> I THINK PEOPLE ARE SAD AND IN GRIEF BUT ALSO HORRIFIED AND VERY ANGRY. BUT GALVANIZED TO ACT, TO PREPARE, TO BE READY, TO MOVE PHYSICIANS TO PLACES WHERE THEY CAN START PRACTICING AGAIN. THIS IS VERY PERSONAL WORK. WE KNOW OUR PATIENTS PERSONAL STORIES. WE KNOW INFORMATION ABOUT PEOPLE THEY DON'T TELL ANYBODY ELSE. I CANNOT IMAGINE NOT DOING IT. >> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. ♪ JUDY: THE PANDEMIC TOOK A PARTICULARLY HEAVY TOLL ON RESTAURANTS.

WITH TENS OF THOUSANDS SHUTTING THEIR DOORS FOR GOOD. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT FRED VISITED ONE UNUSUAL ESTABLISHMENT LOOKING THE TREND AND REVIVING NATIVE AMERICAN FOOD TRADITIONS THAT DISAPPEARED AFTER EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA. IT IS PART OF FRED'S SERIES, AGTS F FOR CHANGE -- AGENTS FOR CHANGE. >> THE CITY OF ANNAPOLIS HAS ITS ROOTS IN FLOUR MILLING. A NEW CENTERPIECE OF THIS HISTORIC DISTRICT IS A ENTERPRISE WITH A DIFFERENT TAKE ON THAT HISTORY. >> THERE WAS AN IMPORTANT VILLAGE HERE ON THIS SIDE OF THE VER WHERE THE RESTAURANT SETS. FOR US IT ISN ACTIVE RECLAMATION BECAUSE WE WERE ABLE TO BRING THE TRUE NAMESAKE OF THIS SPACE BACK. >> THAT NAMESAKE IS A RESTAURANT , SWIRLING WATER IN THE CODA LANGUAGE -- IN THE DAKOTA

LANGUAGE. FOR SHERMAN AND HIS LIFE AND WORK PARTNER DANA THOMPSON, THE RESTAURANT OPENING WAS TIMELY. BROADENING THE CONVERSATION ABOUT RACIAL EQUITY IN A CITY STILL RECOVERING IN THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD'S MURDER. >> THE FACT IT HAPPENED DURING A PANDEMIC AFTER THE UPRISING AND ALL OF THE DIFFERENT LETTERS OF COMPLEXITY, IT HAS BEEN A REALLY IMPORTANT PLACE TO HEAL, TO HAVE SPACE TO HAVE THESE REALLY HARD CONVERSATIONS ABOUT RACE AND CULTURE AND FOOD AND EQUITY AND SUSTAINABILITY. >> THE MORE IMMEDIATE CONVERSATION HOWEVER HAS BEEN ABOUT THE FOOD. >> AMAZING FLAVORS. >> THAT IS AMAZING. >> ALL OF THEM ARE PRECOLONIAL. NO CHICKEN, NO PORK, NO DAIRY AND IN CITY THAT CALLS ITSELF

THE MILL CITY, NO WHEAT. >> WE ARE TRYING TO KEEP IT REALLY SIMPLE. >> SHERMAN SAYS HIS REPES COMBINED SIMPLE FLAVORS AND TEXTURE. RABBIT ON A BED OF KALE. VENISON TARTAR. SIMPLE PERHAPS BUT GOOD ENOUGH TO EARN A NOMINATION FOR BEST NEW RESTAURANT FROM THE JAMES BEARD FOUNDATION. FROM PATRONS WE SPOKE WITH SAID THUMBS UP. >> IT IS NATURALLY GLUTEN-FREE AND DAIRY FREE AND THE FOOD WAS ABSOLUTELY SPECTACULAR. >> I AM EXCITED ABOUT NATIVE PEOPLE RECLAIMING THEIR HERITAGE AND SHARING IT WITH US BECAUSE WE HAVE A LOT TO LEARN FROM THE PEOPLE WHO WERE HERE BEFORE US. >> OR RELEARN SAYS MATTHEW, A DINER FROM CALIFORNIA. >> IN LOS ANGELES WE HAVE BEEN SO REMOVED FROM OUR ABILITY TO HAVE OUR INDIGENOUS FOODS THAT WE CANNOT HAVE A MEAL LIKE THIS. >> HE IS A BIOLOGIST FOR THE

BAND OF MISSION INDIANS AND AT LOS ANGELES BASIN AREA AND WAS THRILLED TO SEE THINGS LIKE CORN THAT HASEEN TREATED IN AN ALKALINE SOLUTION. >> IT IS A PROCESS OUR TRIBE DID FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS. WITHIN GRAINS SUCH AS ACORNS, CORN, THEY HAVE A LAYER THAT NEEDS TO BE REMOVED SO IN ORDER FOR THIS PRODUCT TO BE NUTRITIOUS, YOU HAVE TO REMOVE THAT. EVERY TRIBE HAD THIS COMPONENT. >> FAR CRY FROM CONDITIONS ACROSS INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY SAYS SHERMAN. >> OUR FOCUS IS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES. SOME OF THESE COMMUNITIES CAN HAVE UPWARDS OF 60% TYPE TWO DIABETES BECAUSE OF THE NUTRITIONAL ACCESS AROUND FOODS. >> THE LATEST CHAPTER FOR THOMPSON WHOSE HERITAGE IS DAKOTA AND SHERMAN WHO IS LEFT HOTEL AND THEIR SOUS CHEF ENTERPRISE. HIS COOKBOOK WON A JAMES BEARD AWARD IN 2018.

THEY RUN A NONPROFIT THAT INCLUDES THE INDIGENOUS FOOD LAB PROVIDING EDUCATION AND TRAINING. WHERE EVER POSSIBLE, THEY SOURCE FROM AND HELP CREATE NEW TRIBAL SUPPLIERS. >> ALL OF OUR BISON IS COMING OUT OF CHEYENNE RIVER AND WE ARE GETTING A LOT OF FISH FROM THE NORTHERN TRIBES LIKE RED CLAY AND REDCLIFF. WE ARE TRYING TO CREATE DEMAND. >> WE ARE CONTINUING TO BUILD THEM UP YOUR THAT IS A CORE PART OF OUR NONPROFIT IS ACTING AS A NONPROFIT GENERATOR. >> INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ARE IN THE MAJORITY. DARRELL MONTANA MOVED HERE FROM LOS ANGELES AND IS SURELY TO TRAIN AT THE NONPROFIT. THEN HE WAS OFFERED A JOB HERE. >> I BASICALLY PACKED UP EVERYTHING AND MOVED TO MINNEAPOLIS FOR THIS UNIQUE AND EXCITING OPPORTUNITY. >> WHAT DO YOU SEE YOURSELF

DOING IN 10 OR 20 YEARS? >> I WOULD LIKE TO KEEP SPREADING THE WORD ABOUT OUR INDIGENOUS MEALS AND CHEFS AND COOKING GOING BACK TO WHAT OUR FOREFATHERS GREW UP ON. WHAT THEY FORAGED, WHAT THEY HUNTED, HOW IT WAS 100 TIMES HEALTHIER THAN WHAT THEY ARE EATING NOW, PROCESSED. JUST UNHEALTHY FOOD. >> EDDY LONE EAGLE IS ANOTHER ALUMNUS OF THE INDIGENOUS FOOD LAB. >> FROM RED LAKE, MINNESOTA. I ALWAYS WANTED TO MAKE INDIGENOUS FOOD. COOKING WITH PRIDE. >> ALEXA WHOSE HERITAGE INCLUDES SHAWNEE AND PAUL PAUL IS THE EVENTS MANAGER. >> BRINGING MY GRANDMOTHER UP FROM OKLAHOMA HAPPENED A FEW MONTHS AGO. I WATCHED HER CRY WHEN SHE WAS EATING ONE OF THE DISHES. SHE WAS LIKE THIS REMINDS ME OF WHEN I WAS A CHILD. >> WHERE SITTING A 4 -- SETTING

FORTH A PATH OF HOW WE CAN STEWARD INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE IT IN REAL TIME AND BE A ROLE MODEL. DOING IT THROUGH SOMETHING AS SIMPLE -- I WOULD NOT SAY SIMPLE BUT SOMETHING LIKE A RESTAURANT WHICH IS FAR FROM SIMPLE. >> IT IS A HEAVY LIFT. NEW RESTAURANTS LIKE MOST SMALL BUSINESSES HAVE A HIGH FAILURE RATE SHOULD SO FAR, SO GOOD SAY THOMPSON AND SHERMAN. HAS NOT BEEN A DAY SINCE OPENING LAST JULY THEY HAVE NOT FULLY BOOKED. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, MINNEAPOLIS. JUDY: YUM. THAT IS ALL I CAN SAY. ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE IN NEARLY A DOZEN STATES, HIGH SCHOOLERS ARE REQUIRED TO PASS A STANDARDIZED TEST TO GRADUATE AFTER A PANDEMIC HIATUS. THOSE TESTS ARE RESUMING IN LOUISIANA AND STUDENTS WHO DID NOT LEARN ENGLISH AS A PRIMARY LANGUAGE FEAR THE EXAM COULD KEEP THEM FROM GRADUATING. YOU CAN LEARN MORE AT PBS.ORG/NEWSHOUR. THAT IS THE NEWSHOUR FOR

TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. FURNACE ONLINE AND HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US HERE AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU, PLEASE STAY SAFE AND WE WILL SEE YOU SOON. >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY -- >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER CELLULAR HAS BEEN OFFERING NO CONTRACT PLANS DESIGNED TO HELP PEOPLE DO MORE OF WHAT THEY LIKE. OUR CUSTOMER SERVICE TEAM CAN FIND A PLAN THAT FITS YOU. VISIT CONSUMER CELLULAR.TV. >> THE FORD FOUNDATION. WORKING WITH MISSIONARIES ON THE FRONT LINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE WORLDWIDE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS. AND FRIENDS OF THE NEWSHOUR. THIS PROGRAM IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC

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HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP. >>> THIS IS A HUGE SHIFT, LIKE AN EARTHQUAKE. >> THE SUPREME COURT IN THE DARK OVER ROE V. WADE. I SPEAK TO FILM DIRECTOR FRANK SHAFFER ABOUT HOW ABORTION BECAME AN ISSUE ON RIGHT, AND WHY HE REGRETS HIS ROLE IN MAKING IT ONE. >>> THEN, NEW JERSEY'S FORMER GOVERNOR, CHRIS CHRISTIE TALKS TO WALTER ISAACSON ABOUT REPUBLICANS AMPING UP THE CULTURE WARS AND THE FUTURE OF HIS PARTY. PLUS. >>> I HAVE ABSOLUTELY GOTO THANK THE 45th, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DONALD J. TRUMP. >> TRUMP'S CHOSEN SENATE CANDIDATE J.D. VANCE PREVAILS IN OHIO'S PRIMARY. POLITICAL ANAST JOHN AVALON