PBS NewsHour; September 5, 2014 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Woodruff: AS THE NATO SUMMIT CONCLUDES, PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID HE WAS BOTH HOPEFUL AND SKEPTICAL THAT A CEASE-FIRE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND PRO-RUSSIAN SEPARATISTS WOULD END THE VIOLENCE AND VOWED TO WORK WITH ALLIES TO DEGRADE AND ULTIMATELY DEFEAT ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS. GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ALSO AHEAD THIS FRIDAY, MARK SHIELDS AND DAVID BROOKS ARE HERE TO ANALYZE THE WEEK'S NEWS.

>> Woodruff: AND FOLLOWING THE DEADLY ACCIDENT INVOLVING A NINE-YEAR OLD WITH AN UZI A RENOWNED POET REFLECTS ON KILLING HIS OWN BROTHER IN A GUN ACCIDENT WHEN HE WAS ONLY TWELVE-YEARS-OLD.

>> I REMEMBER SCREAMING AND RUNNING THE HALF MILE TO OUR HOUSE. I REMEMBER HIDING IN MY ROOM. I REMEMBER THAT IT WAS HARD TO BREATHE.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> I'VE BEEN AROUND LONG ENOUGH TO RECOGNIZE THE PEOPLE WHO ARE OUT THERE OWNING IT. THE ONES GETTING INVOLVED, STAYING ENGAGED. THEY ARE NOT AFRAID TO QUESTION THE PATH THEY'RE ON. BECAUSE THE ONE QUESTION THEY NEVER WANT TO ASK IS, "HOW DID I END UP HERE?" I STARTED SCHWAB WITH THOSE PEOPLE. PEOPLE WHO WANT TO TAKE OWNERSHIP OF THEIR INVESTMENTS, LIKE THEY DO IN EVERY OTHER ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIONS. AND...

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE U.N.'S NUCLEAR WATCHDOG CONCEDED ITS PROGRESS INVESTIGATING IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM HAS HIT A WALL. THE LATEST CONFIDENTIAL REPORT BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY WAS OBTAINED BY SEVERAL MEDIA OUTLETS. IT SAID THE I.A.E.A. HAD SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWING ONGOING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY AT PARCHIN MILITARY BASE, A SUSPECTED NUCLEAR SITE. IT ALSO REVEALED TEHRAN HAD ONLY IMPLEMENTED THREE OUT OF FIVE MEASURES TO BE MORE TRANSPARENT, UNDER A DEAL WITH THE I.A.E.A. IRAN DENIES IT WANTS OR IS WORKING ON NUCLEAR ARMS. A PLANE CHARTERED BY COALITION FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN, AND CARRYING ABOUT 100 AMERICANS, HAD TO LAND IN IRAN AFTER FILING THE WRONG FLIGHT PLAN. "THE WASHINGTON POST" FIRST REPORTED THE INCIDENT. IRANIAN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL REPORTEDLY ASKED THE PLANE TO RETURN TO AFGHANISTAN, BUT IT DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH FUEL. A SENIOR STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL SAID THE ISSUE HAS BEEN RESOLVED AND THE PLANE IS SCHEDULED TO RESUME ITS FLIGHT. ONE OF THE DEADLIEST FRIENDLY FIRE EPISODES OF THE WAR IN AFGHANISTAN COULD HAVE BEEN AVOIDED. AN INVESTIGATION BY THE U.S. MILITARY INTO THE JUNE EPISODE FOUND COMMUNICATION ERRORS LED TO THE DEATHS OF FIVE AMERICAN SOLDIERS AND ONE AFGHAN. THE INCIDENT HAPPENED IN ZABUL PROVINCE, WHEN A B-1 BOMBER THE INCIDENT HAPPENED IN ZABUL PROVINCE, WHEN A B-1 BOMBER CREW FAILED TO CHECK THEIR INFORMATION PROPERLY BEFORE LAUNCHING TWO LASER-GUIDED BOMBS. THE PENTAGON CONFIRMED THE DEATH OF THE LEADER OF THE AL-SHABAB TERROR GROUP TODAY. AHMED ABDI GODANE WAS KILLED IN A U.S. AIRSTRIKE ON MONDAY IN SOMLIA. IN A STATEMENT, THE PENTAGON SAID IT WAS A MAJOR SYMBOLIC AND OPERATIONAL LOSS FOR THE TERROR ORGANIZATION.

>> Woodruff: FLASH FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES SPARKED BY TORRENTIAL MONSOON RAINS HAVE KILLED AT LEAST 116 PEOPLE IN EASTERN PAKISTAN AND KASHMIR. SWOLLEN RIVERS TODAY SWEPT AWAY BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES AND LEFT MANY TRAPPED ON THEIR OWN ROOFTOPS. SOLDIERS AND EMERGENCY WORKERS USED BOATS AND HELICOPTERS TO FERRY THE STRANDED TO SAFETY. THE FLOODING WAS FORECAST TO INTENSIFY THIS WEEKEND. A THIRD AMERICAN AID WORKER INFECTED WITH THE EBOLA VIRUS IN LIBERIA IS NOW IN STABLE CONDITION IN NEBRASKA. DOCTOR RICK SACRA ARRIVED AT A HOSPITAL IN OMAHA EARLY THIS MORNING WITH A POLICE ESCORT. HE WAS EVACUATED FROM WEST AFRICA. THE 51-YEAR-OLD DELIVERED BABIES AT A LIBERIA HOSPITAL, BUT IT'S STILL UNCLEAR HOW HE CONTRACTED THE VIRUS. THE HEAD OF THE NEBRASKA CENTER'S INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIVISION SAID THE PATIENT IS IN A SPECIALLY EQUIPPED BIO- CONTAINMENT UNIT.

>> WE'RE DOING BASIC CHECKS ON HIM RIGHT NOW WITH GETTING SOME OF OUR BASELINE LABORATORIES, MAKING SURE HIS FLUID STATUS IS EQUILIBRATED. THAT HIS ELECTROLYTES ARE IN CONTROL. WE KNOW THAT HE IS SERIOUSLY ILL WITH A VIRUS THAT HAS A FAIRLY HIGH MORTALITY RATE ASSOCIATED WITH IT. LIKE I SAID, WE WILL CONTINUE TO CARE FOR HIM WITH VERY AGGRESSIVE SUPPORTIVE CARE AND WE'RE LOOKING INTO ALTERNATIVES FOR SOME OF OUR EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS RIGHT NOW.

>> Woodruff: TWO OTHER AMERICAN HEALTH WORKERS WHO CONTRACTED THE VIRUS IN LIBERIA WERE TREATED AND CURED AT EMORY UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA. ALSO TODAY, THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REPORTED THE DEATH TOLL IN WEST AFRICA FROM THE EBOLA OUTBREAK PASSED THE 2,000 MARK. HALF OF THOSE DEATHS WERE IN LIBERIA. JOB GROWTH SLOWED IN AUGUST AS U.S. EMPLOYERS HIRED FEWER WORKERS THAN ANALYSTS HAD EXPECTED. BUT STOCKS ON WALL STREET SEEMED UNDETERRED BY THE NEWS. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED MORE THAN 67 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 17,137; THE NASDAQ ROSE 20 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 4,582; AND THE S&P 500 ADDED TEN POINTS TO FINISH AT 2,007. FOR THE WEEK, THE DOW, THE NASDAQ, AND THE S&P ALL ROSE A FRACTION OF A PERCENT. AND A SPECIAL PIECE OF GOOD NEWS. THE CALIFORNIA BLUE WHALE HAS BOUNCED BACK FROM NEAR EXTINCTION. A STUDY OUT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON FOUND THEY'VE RECOVERED TO NUMBER ABOUT 2,200 IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. THAT'S ABOUT 97% OF HISTORIC, 19TH CENTURY LEVELS. BUT THE LARGEST ANIMALS ON EARTH ARE STILL VULNERABLE TO BEING STUCK BY LARGE SHIPS.

>> Woodruff: STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR. HOPES FOR PEACE IN UKRAINE AND VOWS TO DEFEAT ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS. U.S. JOB GROWTH SLIPS SOME IN AUGUST. MARK SHIELDS AND DAVID BROOKS ON THE WEEK'S NEWS. USING POETRY TO HELP UNDERSTAND A TRAGIC GUN ACCIDENT. AND REMEMBERING PIONEERING COMEDIAN JOAN RIVERS.

>> Woodruff: THIS WEEKS NATO SUMMIT, DOMINATED BY THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE AND FEARS OVER THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP, CAME TO A CLOSE TODAY IN WALES AS WORD CAME OF A DEAL WHICH COULD END THE FIGHTING IN EASTERN UKRAINE. JEFFREY BROWN REPORTS.

>> I GIVE AN ORDER TO CHIEF OF MY MILITARY TO DECLARE A CEASE- FIRE IN HALF AN HOUR'S TIME.

>> Reporter: UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT PETRO POROSHENKO MADE THE ANNOUNCEMENT OUTSIDE THE NATO SUMMIT IN WALES, SHORTLY BEFORE 4:00 P.M., 11:00 A.M. EASTERN TIME. HE SAID HIS GOVERNMENT HAD AGREED TO A FRAMEWORK FOR PEACE WITH RUSSIAN-BACKED SEPARATISTS.

>> I CAN ASSURE YOU THAT FROM UKRAINIAN SIDE THE WE WILL REALLY DO OUR BEST TO KEEP PEACE AND STABILITY IN EASTERN PART OF UKRAINE, BECAUSE THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT CHANGE NOT ONLY FOR UKRAINE, NOT ONLY THE REGION, BUT FOR THE WHOLE WORLD ABOUT THE SECURITY.

>> Reporter: THE AGREEMENT CAME FOLLOWING TALKS IN BELARUS TODAY AMONG REPRESENTATIVES OF RUSSIA, A SEPARATIST LEADER, PRIME MINISTER OF THE SELF-PROCLAIMED DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC, SPOKE AFTER THE DEAL WAS REACHED.

>> ( translated ): THE CEASE- FIRE WILL ALLOW US TO SAVE NOT ONLY CIVILIAN LIVES, BUT ALSO THE LIVES OF THE PEOPLE WHO TOOK UP ARMS IN ORDER TO DEFEND THEIR LAND AND IDEALS, THEIR TARGETS AND THEIR GOALS.

>> Reporter: NEGOTIATORS AGREED UPON THE WITHDRAWAL OF HEAVY WEAPONRY, THE RELEASE OF ALL PRISONERS AND THE DELIVERY OF HUMANITARIAN AID TO WAR-TORN CITIES. BACK IN WALES, PRESIDENT OBAMA EXPRESSED CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM OVER THE TRUCE.

>> WITH RESPECT TO THE CEASE- FIRE AGREEMENT, OBVIOUSLY WE ARE HOPEFUL, BUT BASED ON PAST EXPERIENCE, ALSO SKEPTICAL THAT IN FACT THE SEPARATISTS WILL FOLLOW THROUGH AND THE RUSSIANS WILL STOP VIOLATING UKRAINE'S SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY. SO IT HAS TO BE TESTED.

>> Reporter: HE CREDITED ECONOMIC SANCTIONS LEVIED ON MOSCOW BY THE U.S. AND EUROPEAN UNION BUT SAID ALLIES ARE PREPARED TO BRING EVEN MORE. IN UKRAINE, FIGHTING CONTINUED RIGHT UP UNTIL THE LATE AFTERNOON CEASE-FIRE TOOK EFFECT AND THERE WERE SOME INITIAL REPORTS OF EXPLOSIONS AND SHELLINGS AFTER THE TRUCE BEGAN, BUT IT APPEARED TO HOLD INTO THE EVENING AS SOLDIERS PULLED BACK FROM THE FRONTLINES. FOLLOWING NUMEROUS FAILED CEASE- FIRE ATTEMPTS OVER MONTHS OF FIGHTING. SOME RESIDENTS APPEARED WARY.

>> ( translated ): I'VE SAID I HAVE HOPES, BUT IT IS VERY HARD TO TRUST ANYBODY THESE DAYS, MOREOVER, WE'VE SEEN SUCH EFFORTS BEFORE AND THEY BROUGHT NOTHING GOOD, BUT WE MUST HOPE.

>> Reporter: ANOTHER FLASHPOINT CAME FAR FROM SOUTHEAST UKRAINE AFTER WORD THAT AN ESTONIAN SECURITY GUARD WAS TAKEN AT GUNPOINT FROM THE BALTIC STATE INTO RUSSIA. ESTONIA'S PRESIDENT URGED CALM AND SAID THE ABDUCTION DIDN'T APPEAR TO BE POLITICALLY MOTIVATED. THE ONGOING RUSSIAN INVOLVEMENT IN UKRAINE AND ITS OTHER REGIONAL MUSCLE-FLEXING PROMPTED NATO LEADERS IN WALES TO APPROVE PLANS TODAY FOR A RAPID RESPONSE FORCE. IT WILL BE HEADQUARTERED IN EASTERN EUROPE WITH THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ABLE TO MOBILIZE QUICKLY IF AN ALLIANCE COUNTRY COMES UNDER ATTACK. NATO SECRETARY GENERAL ANDERS FOGH RASMUSSEN.

>> NATO PROTECTS ALL ALLIES AT ALL TIMES AND IT SENDS A CLEAR MESSAGE TO ANY POTENTIAL AGGRESSOR, SHOULD YOU EVEN THINK OF ATTACKING ONE ALLY YOU WILL BE FACING THE WHOLE ALLIANCE.

>> Reporter: LEADERS ALSO AGREED TO STEADILY INCREASE MEMBER COUNTRIES DEFENSE BUDGETS OVER THE NEXT DECADE. MEANWHILE, PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID THERE WAS UNANIMITY AMONG MEMBERS THAT THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP'S SURGE ACROSS IRAQ AND SYRIA POSES A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO NATO COUNTRIES. HE SAID A COALITION OF AMERICA'S ALLIES WHICH INCLUDES THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, GERMANY, TURKEY, CANADA AND OTHERS, IS PREPARED FOR AN INTERNATIONAL EFFORT TO COMBAT THAT THREAT.

>> YOU CAN'T CONTAIN AN ORGANIZATION THAT IS RUNNING ROUGHSHOD THROUGH THAT MUCH TERRITORY THE GOAL HAS TO BE TO DISMANTLE THEM.

>> Reporter: SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN KERRY WILL TRAVEL TO THE REGION NEXT WEEK HOPING TO BUILD THE COALI FURTHER. AND JOINING ME NOW TO HELP INTERPRET THESE DEVELOPMENTS ARE FORMER U.S. AMBASSADOR TO NATO NICHOLAS BURNS. HE'S A PROFESSOR AT HARVARD'S KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT. AND JOHN MEARSHEIMER, A PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. HE WROTE AN ARTICLE FOR THE LATEST ISSUE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS MAGAZINE TITLED "WHY THE UKRAINE CRISIS IS THE WEST'S FAULT." MICHAEL MCFAUL WAS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO RUSSIA UNTIL SPRING OF THIS YEAR. HE NOW TEACHES AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY. MICHAEL McFAUL, LET ME START WITH YOU. WHAT DO YOU MAKE, FIRST, OF THIS NEW CEASE FIRE. ARE THERE CLEAR WINNERS AND LOSERS?

>> WELL, THE FIRST THING I'D SAY IS PEACE IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN WAR. THE FACT THAT THEY'RE NOT FIGHTING IN TOWNS LIKE MARIUPOL AND DONETSK TONIGHT IS A GOOD THING. I RESPECT THAT PEP PETRO POROSHO UNDERSTANDS BETTER THAN I DO. I WOULD ASK WHAT IT DOES BY HAVING IT TODAY INSTEAD OF NOT TWO WEEKS AGO IS RUSSIAN AND ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE HAVE BEEN ON THE OFFENSIVE AND WINNING THE WAR ON THE GROUND. THIS NOW FREEZES THAT INTO PLACE. AND SECONDLY, THE OBVIOUS POINT, THERE'S NO POLITICAL SOLUTION IN THE CEASE FIRE. THAT'S GOING TO TAKE A LOT OF NEGOTIATING FOR MONTHS IF NOT YEARS TO COME.

>> Brown: JOHN MEARSHEIMER, WHERE DO YOU THINK THINGS STAND AS OF THIS MOMENT AND WHAT DID YOU MAKE OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT TODAY BY N.A.T.O. OF A RAPID RESPONSE FORCE? IS THAT A USEFUL THING OR PROVOCATIVE STEP?

>> I AGREE WITH THE TWO POINTS MIKE MADE AS CAVEATS. THERE'S NO QUESTION THIS DEAL SOLIDIFIES RUSSIAN GAINS IN RECENT WEEKS AND, FURTHERMORE, I THINK THE MORE IMPORTANT POINT HE MADE IS THAT A CEASE FIRE BY ITSELF A MEANINGLESS. WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IS GET SOME SORT OF MEANINGFUL PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE THREE SIDES HERE, AND I'M VERY PESSIMISTIC ABOUT THAT BECAUSE I THINK THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND THE OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE PURSUING EXACTLY THE WRONG POLICY WITH REGARD TO UKRAINE. I THINK GETTING TOUGH WITH PUTIN, WHICH IS WHAT WE HAVE BEEN DOING ALL ALONG, AND PROMISING TO GET TOUGHER IN THE FUTURE IS JUST GOING TO MAKE A BAD SITUATION WORSE. SO I'M NOT VERY OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THE FUTURE. WITH REGARD TO THE 4,000-TROOP REINFORCEMENT CAPABILITY, I THINK THAT'S FINE. I THINK THE TWO KEY THINGS WE DEFINITELY DON'T WANT TO DO IS, NUMBER ONE, PERMANENTLY STATION TROOPS WHERE MILITARY FORCE IS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND, TWO, GIVE MILITARY AID TO THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY. I THINK THAT WOULD CAUSE ALL SORTS OF PROBLEMS WITH THE RUSSIAN AND, AGAIN, MAKE A BAD SITUATION WORSE.

>> Brown: NICHOLAS BURNS, FROM YOUR N.A.T.O. EXPERIENCE, WHAT KIND OF MESSAGE IS IT, HOW UNUSUAL IS IT, HOW FORCEFUL IS IT, IN FACT?

>> JEFFREY, I THINK THERE WERE TWO MAJOR TAKEAWAYS FROM THE SUMMIT TODAY, THE FIRST IS THAT N.A.T.O. REALLY STRENGTHENED ITSELF. THE DECISION ON THE N.A.T.O. RESPONSE FORCE IS CON CONSEQUENL AND MEANS IN ESSENCE THE N.A.T.O. ALLIANCE CAN IN A CREDIBLE WAY REINFORCE ARTICLE # OF THE N.A.T.O. TREATY WHICH SAYS IF ONE OF US IS ATTACKED WE ARE ALL ATTACKED AND WE'LL ALL RESPOND TO HELP. THAT'S A MAJOR DETERRENT TO PRESIDENT PUTIN AND THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT. IT'S IMPORTANT TO THE MEMBERS THAT KNOW THE ALLIANCE WILL DEFEND THEM. I THINK THAT WAS A STRONG ACHIEVEMENT BY PRESIDENT OBAMA AND COLLEAGUES. ON THE OTHER HAND, I VERY MUCH AGREE WITH MIKE THAT, UNFORTUNATELY, THIS CEASE FIRE, OF COURSE, IS A POSITIVE EVENT, BUT UNFORTUNATELY IT LOCKS IN THE RUSSIAN GAINS. HERE, I THINK THERE WAS A MISSED OPPORTUNITY AT THE SUMMIT BY THE UNITED STATES AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES. THE WEST DID NOT RAISE ADDITIONAL SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA AND IT SHOULD HAVE BECAUSE RUSSIA MOVED ACROSS THE BORDER TWO WEEKS AGO WITH ITS OWN MILITARY FORCES AND, OF COURSE, HAS LARGELY DEFEATED THE UKRAINIANS ON UKRAINIAN SOIL TACTICALLY, AND THERE IS NOT A DECISION TO AID UKRAINE MILITARILY, AND I THINK THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN. NOT THAT WE WANT TO GIVE UKRAINE LETHALO FENCIVE CAPE -- LETHAL OFFENSIVE CAPABILITY, BUT THE NEED TO DEFEND THEMSELVES, TO ENFORCE THEIR OWN SOVEREIGNTY AND PATROL THEIR OWN STREETS, THAT'S LOGICAL WE DO THAT TO A PARTNER AND UKRAINE IS A PARTNER. SO I THINK THERE IS POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS TODAY BUT A MISSED OPPORTUNITY.

>> Brown: LET ME GO BACK TO JOHN MEARSHEIMER ON THAT POINT ABOUT WHETHER IT WOULD BE USEFUL TO HAVE GONE FURTHER AND WE'LL BRING MICHAEL McFAUL BACK IN. JOHN MEARSHEIMER.

>> I THINK AT THIS POINT THAT UKRAINE IS A PARTNER AND THAT WE SHOULD SUPPORT OUR PARTNER IN A WAR AGAINST RUSSIA AND THE INSURGENTS IS A PRESCRIPTION FOR DISASTER. THE RUSSIANS HAVE MADE IT VERY CLEAR THAT THEY'RE NOT GOING TO TOLERATE A SITUATION WHERE UKRAINE FORMS AN ALLIANCE WITH N.A.T.O. THE PRINCIPAL REASON RUSSIA IS NOW IN UKRAINE AND TRYING TO WRECK UKRAINE -- AND LET'S BE CLEAR HERE, WHAT RUSSIA IS TRYING TO DO IS WRECK UKRAINE BECAUSE RUSSIA DOES NOT WANT UKRAINE TO BECOME PART OF THE WEST, IT DOESN'T WANT IT TO BE INTEGRATED INTO N.A.T.O. OR THE E.U. AND IF WE FOLLOW THE PRESCRIPTIONS BILL AND I KNOW MIKE FAVORS AS WELL, WHAT WE'LL END UP DOING IS FURTHER ANTAGONIZING PUTIN, HE'LL PLAY MORE HARD BALL AND UKRAINE WILL BE WRECKED AS A COUNTRY AND WE'LL HAVE TERRIBLE RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST, WHICH IS NOT IN RUSSIA'S INTEREST.

>> Brown: MICHAEL McFAUL. WELL, FIRST OF ALL, THE ISSUES OF UKRAINE JOINING N.A.T.O. HAS NOT BEEN AN ISSUE FOR SEVERAL YEARS, LITERALLY WAS NOT AN ISSUE WHEN I WAS IN THE GOVERNMENT FOR FIVE YEARS. THAT WAS NOT WHAT SPARKED THIS. IT WAS WHAT HAPPENED INSIDE UKRAINE. SECOND, I AGREE THAT THE SUMMIT SHOULD HAVE ANNOUNCED IN A MORE SPECIFIC WAY ASSISTANCE TO THE UKRAINIANS TO DEFEND THEMSELVES. NOW, PRESIDENT OBAMA INTIMATED THAT IN HIS SPEECH IN HOLLAND. IT WAS VERY CLEAR AND THAT WAS A NEW POLICY OBJECTIVE. WHAT THE DETAILS ARE HAVE NOT BEEN DESCRIBED. SECOND, WITH RESPECT TO SANCTIONS, I AGREE THAT THE ADMINISTRATION HAS PUT IN PLACE A TIT FOR TAT, A WE WILL RATCHET UP IF THE RUSSIANS RATCHET UP. THE RUSSIANS HAVE RATCHETED UP AND I THINK IT DEMANDS A RESPONSE IN TERMS OF SANCTIONS AND I EXPECT THAT WILL BE COMING, I HOPED IT WOULD BE AT THE SANCTIONS, AND I HOPE IT WILL BE NEXT WEEK.

>> Brown: NICK, THERE'S SO MUCH ON THE TABLE WITH N.A.T.O. I WANT TO BRING THE ISLAMIC STATE ISSUE INTO THIS AS WELL BECAUSE THERE WAS ALSO AN ANNOUNCEMENT TODAY OF A NEW KIND OF COALITION TO FIGHT ON THAT FRONT. FRAME THAT FOR US, AS WELL. HOW IMPORTANT IS THAT AS KIND OF A USEFUL MESSAGE OR EVEN FORCE GOING FORWARD?

>> WELL, THIS HAS BECOME, AS YOU KNOW, THE CENTRAL PREOCCUPATION OF THE UNITED STATES OVER THE LAST MONTH OR SO, AS I.S.I.S. HAS MADE THESE EXTRAORDINARY GAINS IN NORTHERN SYRIA AND WESTERN IRAQ. IT WAS VERY POSITIVE TODAY THAT PRESIDENT OBAMA WAS ABLE TO SAY HE INTENDS TO FORM A COALITION, THAT HE'LL CONTINUE THE USE OF AMERICAN AIR POWER, IN ESSENCE TO BEAT BACK THE I.S.I.S. GAINS SPECIFICALLY IN NORTHERN IRAQ. POSITIVE THE EUROPEANS SAID THEY'RE WITH US, BUT I THINK THERE ARE TWO THINGS THAT HAVE TO HAPPEN NOW. NUMBER ONE, WE DON'T NEED JUST POLITICAL PLATITUDES FROM THE EUROPEANS, WE NEED CONCRETE ASSISTANCE PARTICULARLY FROM BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN THE AIR SO THE UNITED STATES DOESN'T HAVE TO GO IT ALONE IN THE AIR. THIS CAN'T JUST BE A EUROPEAN, NORTH AMERICAN, U.S., CANADIAN COALITION. WE NEED THE SAUDIS, THE TURKS, THERE HAS TO BE BUY-IN FROM THE SUNNI-ARAB NATIONS SO THE POPULATION FROM SYRIA AND IRAQ WILL KNOW THERE'S AN ALTERNATIVE AND HOPEFULLY IN THE GOVERNMENT IN BAGHDAD CAN STRENGTHEN AND BE MORE INCLUSIVE AND IF THE SHIA LEADERSHIP IN BAGHDAD CAN OFFER A PLACE IN GOVERNMENT TO THE SOON REQUESTS, THEN PRESIDENT OBAMA WILL BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE WHAT ESSENTIALLY PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH DID SO WELL IN 2007 AND 2008 AND THAT'S WIN BACK THE ALLEGIANCE OF THE SUNNI FIGHTERS AND POPULATION, THAT'S THE NEXT BIG STEP THAT HAS TO TAKE PLACE.

>> Brown: JOHN MEARSHEIMER, WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF DOING SOMETHING LIKE THAT? HOW DIFFICULT WILL IT BE FOR JOHN KERRY WHEN HE NEXT RETURNS THERE?

>> WELL, I THINK THAT THE LOCAL ACTORS, THE ACTORS IN THE MIDDLE EAST THAT LIVE NEAR I.S.I.S. ARE THE ONES THAT ARE GOING TO HAVE TO BEAT THEM BACK IN THE END. I BELIEVE THAT WARS ARE WON ON THE GROUND, AND THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEANS ARE OBVIOUSLY NOT GOING TO INSERT GROUND FORCES INTO THIS CONFLICT. SO IT'S GOING TO BE -- IT'S GOING TO DEPEND HEAVILY ON WHAT FORCES IN THE REGION DO, AND I THINK, AS THEY FEEL INCREASINGLY THREATENED BY I.S.I.S., THEY'LL WORK HARD TO COUNTER I.S.I.S. AND, I THINK, ULTIMATELY CONTAIN IT. WHETHER IT CAN BE DEFEATED OVER THE LONG TERM REMAINS TO BE SEEN. I ACTUALLY DON'T THINK IT'S THAT BIG OF A DEAL BECAUSE I THINK I.S.I.S. IS OVERRATED AS A THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES AND I DON'T THINK THERE'S A WHOLE HECK OF A LOT THE UNITED STATES CAN DO TO FIX THE PROBLEM. I THINK IT LARGELY DEPENDS ON WHAT THE LOCAL OR REGIONAL ACTORS DO.

>> Brown: ALL RIGHT, VERY MUCH TO BE CONTINUED ON ALL FRONTS. JOHN MEARSHEIMER, NIC NICHOLAS BURNS, MICHAEL McFAUL, THANK YOU ALL THREE.

>> YOU'RE WELCOME.

>> Woodruff: ECONOMISTS HAD PREDICTED A SOLID MONTH OF HIRING IN AUGUST. BUT THE LATEST JOBS REPORT CAME IN WELL BELOW EXPECTATIONS AND PROVED A BIT CONFOUNDING AGAIN. THERE WERE JUST 142,000 NEW JOBS LAST MONTH, AND, YES, THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DIPPED TO 6.1%, BUT IT WASN'T BECAUSE OF GREAT STRENGTH IN THE LABOR MARKET. OUR ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT, PAUL SOLMAN, HAS THE STORY. PART OF HIS ONGOING REPORTING, MAKING SENSE OF FINANCIAL NEWS.

>> Reporter: AFTER MONTHS OF UPBEAT JOBS REPORTS, IS THE RECOVERY LOSING STEAM? THAT'S THE QUESTION POSED BY THE LATEST JOBS PICTURE, WHICH WAS LESS THAN ENCOURAGING. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY'S HARRY HOLZER IS A FORMER LABOR DEPARTMENT CHIEF ECONOMIST.

>> THE PAYROLL NUMBERS WERE DISAPPOINTING, THEY'RE THE LOWEST WE'VE SEEN IN EIGHT MONTHS. FIRST TIME IN SIX MONTHS THAT THEY'VE DROPPED BELOW 200,000. ON THE OTHER HAND, I NEVER PUT TOO MUCH STOCK IN ANY ONE MONTH'S NUMBERS. IT COULD BE A BLIP, IT COULD BE A CORRECTION FOR TOO-HIGH NUMBERS THE LAST FEW MONTHS BECAUSE OF SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT QUIRKS. SO, A LITTLE DISAPPOINTING, BUT PRESUMABLY WE'RE STILL ON TRACK.

>> Reporter: THAT'S BECAUSE OF BUOYANT SECTORS LIKE BUSINESS SERVICES AND HEALTHCARE, WHICH BETWEEN THEM ADDED OVER 80,000 JOBS AND THE NUMBER OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED, THOSE JOBLESS FOR 27 WEEKS OR MORE, CONTINUED TO DECLINE. AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE WORKING, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS FINALLY ROSE ABOVE THE RATE OF INFLATION. BUT LET'S NOT GET TOO EXCITED, SAYS HOLZER.

>> WAGES HAVE BEEN FLAT FOR AT LEAST SEVEN YEARS AND IN FACT HAVEN'T GROWN MUCH AT ALL SINCE THE YEAR 2000. AND INEQUALITY IS GROWING DRAMATICALLY. I THINK THERE ARE PEOPLE IN THAT MINIMUM WAGE LABOR MARKET THAT ARE GETTING UPSET AND THAT ARE GETTING TIRED OF THESE LOW WAGES.

>> Reporter: UPSET INDEED, LIKE THE THOUSANDS OF FAST FOOD WORKERS, MAKING ABOUT $9 AN HOUR ON AVERAGE, CLAMORING THURSDAY NATIONWIDE FOR HIGHER PAY. HUNDREDS WERE ARRESTED. AND WHAT ABOUT THE PROFUSION OF PART-TIME JOBS?

>> I WOULD LIKE A FULL TIME JOB. I WOULD LIKE A FULL TIME JOB.

>> Reporter: ON MONDAY WE PROFILED NEW YORK PART-TIMER ONIEKA O'KIEFFE, WHO EARNS $8 AN HOUR STOCKING SHELVES AT AMERICAN EAGLE IN TIMES SQUARE BY NIGHT. BY DAY, ANOTHER STOCKROOM GIG AT CROCS, MORE THAN 50 HOURS WEEK, AND YET NO FULL-TIME JOB.

>> THEY'RE VERY FEW AND FAR BETWEEN LIKE AT LEAST IN RETAIL AND MAYBE ANYWHERE ELSE REALLY BECAUSE LIKE THERE'S APPARENTLY THERE'S A TREND GOING ON WITH LIKE PART TIME WORK, SO IT IT'D BE REALLY HARD TO FIND SOMETHING.

>> Reporter: THUS SHE AND SOME SEVEN MILLION OTHER AMERICANS WORKED MULTIPLE JOBS LAST MONTH, SUGGESTING THAT THE 142,000 HEADLINE NUMBER THIS MORNING WERE TOTAL JOBS ADDED TO THE ECONOMY, NOT TOTAL WORKERS, SINCE MANY OF THE JOBS WERE PRESUMABLY PART-TIME, WITH SOME WORKERS DOING MORE THAN ONE OF THEM. TWO FINAL NOTES ON THE DOWN SIDE OF TODAY'S NUMBERS, THE JOBS FOR JUNE WERE REVISED DOWNWARD BY A SUBSTANTIAL 30,000, AND WHILE THE COUNTRY GREW AT ITS USUAL PACE, THE WORKFORCE DIDN'T.

>> WHAT STRUCK ME, LOOKING AT THE NUMBERS, WERE 200,000 MORE PEOPLE IN THE AMERICAN POPULATION, BUT NO MORE PEOPLE IN THE WORKFORCE.

>> WE WERE STARTING TO HOPE THAT A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE THAT HAD DROPPED OUT OF THE LABOR FORCE, MAYBE WERE GOING TO COME BACK IN, AND THIS MONTH'S NUMBERS SUGGEST MAYBE NOT.

>> Reporter: IN FACT, THE OFFICIAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FELL TO 6.1% PARTLY BECAUSE OF PEOPLE DROPPING OUT, DRIVING THE PROPORTION OF AMERICANS WORKING OR LOOKING FOR WORK LAST MONTH TO THE LOWEST LEVEL SINCE THE LATE 1970s. BUT ISN'T THAT BECAUSE OF ALL THE RETIRING BABY BOOMERS?

>> WE'VE SEEN SEVERAL MILLION PEOPLE DROP OUT OF THE LABOR FORCE. OF THE POTENTIAL LABOR FORCE, ONLY ABOUT HALF OF THEM SEEM TO BE DOING IT FOR RETIREMENT REASONS. THE OTHER HALF, CLOSE TO FOUR MILLION PEOPLE, ARE WELL BELOW RETIREMENT AGE, AND WE STILL DON'T KNOW WHAT THEIR FUTURE PLANS ARE AND WHY SO MANY OF THEM ARE LEAVING.

>> Reporter: BECAUSE SO MANY NEW JOBS ARE PART-TIME? LOW-PAID? JUST PLAIN HARD TO FIND? COULD BE ANY OR ALL OF THE ABOVE.

>> Woodruff: A ONCE-RISING REPUBLICAN STAR WAS FOUND GUILTY OF CORRUPTION, AND THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP EXECUTED ANOTHER AMERICAN IN GRUESOME FASHION. IT WAS A FULL WEEK OF NEWS, WE GET THE ANALYSIS NOW OF SHIELDS AND BROOKS. THAT'S SYNDICATED COLUMNIST MARK SHIELDS AND "NEW YORK TIMES" COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS. WELCOME BACK. YOU HAVE BEEN AWAY FOR A COUPLE OF WEEKS. SO, A FULL WEEK OF NEWS, DAVID, AND AS JEFF WAS JUST REPORTING AND THE N.A.T.O. SUMMIT HAS ENDED, DO YOU SENSE THAT, NOW, THE WEST HAS A STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH PUTIN, WITH THE RUSSIANS?

>> NO. YOU KNOW, THERE'S JUST THIS GLACIAL GAP BETWEEN -- OR I GUESS I SHOULD SAY A GLACIAL-SIZE GAP BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT'S RHETORIC ON PUTIN, WHICH IS VERY GOOD, THAT HE DOES THREATEN BASICALLY THE CIVILIZED ORDER OF THE IDEA THAT YOU DON'T INVADE NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE ACTUAL POLICIES PUT IN PLACE AND THAT WE HAVE SOME SANCTIONS THAT DON'T SEEM PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE. THE CRUCIAL DEBATE IS WE HEARD IS WHETHER WE GIVE THE UKRAINIANS LETHAL WEAPONRY TO DEFEND THEMSELVES AND, TO ME, A MILITARY ASSAULT DEMANDS SOME SORT OF MILITARY RESPONSE AND ARMING THE UKRAINIANS SEEMS LIKE THE PLACE THAT OBAMA IS GOING TO GET TO BUT WILL TAKE A LONG TIME.

>> Woodruff: HOW DO YOU SEE IT, MARK?

>> I SEE PROGRESS. A WEEK AGO WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WHETHER THERE WAS ANY STRATEGY AT ALL AND I THINK THIS IS A TEST OF N.A.T.O. AND IF N.A.T.O. HADN'T RESPONDED COLLECTIVELY ON BOTH COUNTS, I THINK IT WOULD HAVE JUST BEEN DISMISSED AND WHAT WE SAW AS A PAPER TIGER. I THINK THE QUESTION, AS MIKE MCFAUL PUT IT, PEACE IS BETTER THAN WAR, BUT A PEACE AGREEMENT TODAY OR A TRUCE, A ESSENTIALLY LOCKS IN RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AND REWARDS IT. THREE WEEKS AGO -- I MEAN, THERE'S NO QUESTION MILITARILY AND PUTIN SAID ON THE RECORD BUT OFFHAND THAT HE COULD BE IN KIEV IN TWO WEEKS AND TAKE IT. I DON'T THINK ANYBODY DOUBTS THAT, QUITE HONESTLY.

>> I THINK THE PAPER TIGER ISSUE IS VERY MUCH ALIVE. N.A.T.O. COUNTRIES HAVE ALL PROMISED TO SPEND 2% OF G.D.P. ON DEFENSE SO THEY ACTUALLY HAVE SOME MILITARY CAPABILITY. OUT OF THE COUNTRIES, THE U.S. AND THE U.K. ARE REALLY THE ONLY SUBSTANTIAL ARMIES IN N.A.T.O. --

>> TURKEY. OKAY, TURKEY. THE SECOND QUESTION IS WILL. PUTIN HAS BRAZENNESS COMING OUT OF THE EARS. IT REMINDS ME OF THE CONVERSATION IN EUROPE AROUND THE YUGOSLAV WAR WHERE IT WAS SAID WE WILL NOT LET THIS HAPPEN TO BOSNIA BUT NOTHING WAS DONE.

>> PUTIN HAS GREAT ADVANTAGES IN THE SENSE AT THE HE DOESN'T HAVE TO CLEAR HIS ACTIONS WITH ANYBODY. HE IS A ONE-MAN COALITION. BUT THAT'S THE DRAWBACK. I MEAN, HE IS ISOLATING HIMSELF.

>> Woodruff: THE WEST HAS TO GET EVERYBODY TOGETHER.

>> HAD TO GET EVERYBODY TOGETHER, BUT I THINK THE LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR PUTIN IS ULTIMATELY SELF-DEFEATING. THE PROBLEM THAT THE WEST HAS IS THAT THIS WEEK WE SAW EVEN MORE DETERIORATING ECONOMIC NEWS IN THE WEST, INCLUDING GERMANY. SO THEN YOU START TALKING ABOUT TOUGHER SANCTIONS, WITH WINTER COMING ON AND THESE FALTERING ECONOMIES.

>> Woodruff: ARE THEY GOING TO BE WILLING TO GO THROUGH IT.

>> ALL POLITICS IS LOCAL IN THE FINAL ANALYSIS AND THE READERS ARE GOING TO SAY, IMPOSE THE SANCTIONS, WE'LL PAY FOR THEM. IT'S GOING TO MAKE LIFE MORE DIFFICULT AND COULD HURT OUR OWN ECONOMIES BUT WE HAVE TO DO IT.

>> THE POINT THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY SEEMS TO BE UNUSUAL IN OUR LIFETIMES. WE'VE ALWAYS FACED THREATS OF THE SOVIET UNION BUT WE DID IT AT A TIME OF DEMOCRATIC FUNCTIONALITY ANDSELF-CONFIDENCE. DOMESTICALLY WE'RE SEEING POLITICAL DYSFUNCTION AT AN UNPRECEDENTED LEVEL AND LACK OF TRUST AND SELF-CONFIDENCE. MUCH MORE DYSFUNCTION ON THE DOMESTIC FRONT WHICH MAKES IT WORSE.

>> Woodruff: THE ISLAMIC STATES COMING OUT OF N.A.T.O., DO YOU SEE ANY RESOLVE THERE?

>> I DO. BUT I THINK THAT NICK BURNS' POINT THAT THE ARAB COMPANIES HAVE TO BUY IN BIG BUT I THINK THE FACT TURKEY IS ENCOURAGING. THE PRESIDENT IS NOT IMPULSIVE, WHATEVER ANYONE SAYS ABOUT HIM. THERE ISN'T A READY, FIRE, AIM APPROACH TO HIM. THE TEST WILL BE NOT THE PROCESS WHICH WE'RE SEEING VERY OPENLY BUT WHAT THE PRODUCT IS, WHERE WE COME TO. I THINK THE SET OF PARAMETERS WILL BE LONG AND DIFFICULT, BUT HE SET AN OBJECTIVE. IT'S NO QUESTION. IT'S NOT WITH A LOT OF SWAGGER AND BRAVADO, BUT IT'S CLEAR WE'RE GOING TO DESTROY THEM.

>> THE GRAND CANYON WAS SWAM FASTER THAN OUR POLICY IN SYRIA. BUT YOU'RE RIGHT, IT'S HARD TO GRADE IT BECAUSE IT'S SO MUCH INFORMATION. HE SET THE RIGHT GOAL, HE SAID IT'S A CANCER AND YOU HAVE TO TOTALLY IRERADICATE IT. JOHN KERRY SAID NO MATTER WHERE IT IS, IT HAS TO BE ADDRESSED. OUR POLICY IS WE'LL ADDRESS IT IN IRAQ WITH BOMBING AND THINGS BUT NOT IN SYRIA. THAT HAS TO CHANGE. THE POLICY DOESN'T MATCH THE GOAL AND RHETORIC. IT'S HARD TO GRADE IT BECAUSE IT'S A VERY SLOWLY EVVLING SET OF POLICIES BUT I THINK THE PRESIDENT HERE AND IN UKRAINE WILL GET CARRIED ALONG.

>> LET'S BRING IT BACK HOME. WE WATCHED IN THE STATE OF VIRGINIA FORMER GOVERNOR BOB McDONNELL, HE AND HIS WIFE MAUREEN FOUND GUILTY ON MANY COUNTS OF CORRUPTION, A BIG COME-DOWN FOR THIS MAN WHO WAS AT ONE POINT A RISING STAR IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

>> AND THE SHORT LIST FOR VICE PRESIDENT 2012. WELL, I MEAN, I'LL BE HONEST WITH YOU, I WAS SURPRISED AT THE VERDICT. BUT, I MEAN, I DON'T ARGUE WITH JURIES. THEY WERE THERE LISTENING TO IT FOR ALL THOSE WEEKS. BUT THE DEFENSE, AND BOB McDONNELL ESSENTIALLY ENDED HIS POLITICAL CAREER IN HIS DEFENSE WHICH IS THE WAR OF THE ROSES. IN OTHER WORDS, THERE COULDN'T HAVE BEEN COLLUSION AND COOPERATION BETWEEN MY WIFE AND ME BECAUSE WE HAD NO RELATIONSHIP AND WE HAD NO RELATIONSHIP BECAUSE SHE WAS ERRATIC, ABSOLUTELY DIFFICULT, DEMANDING, IMPOSSIBLE TO WORK WITH, SHORT TEMPERED. I MEAN, QUITE HONESTLY, IT HAD BEEN DECLARED -- HAD THEY BEEN FOUND INNOCENT, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN DESTRUCTIVE TO WATCH A FAMILY COME APART.

>> Woodruff: DOES IT HAVE REPERCUSSIONS FOR OTHER POLITICIANS?

>> NO. I MEAN, THERE ARE DEGREES OF CORRUPTION IN AMERICAN POLITICS. SO THE NORMAL GIVING IS THE GIFT IS OVER HERE AND THE RESPONSE BY THE POLITICIANS ARE OVER HERE. McDONNELL'S PROBLEM IS A WIN LIKE THAT. SO HE WOULD GET A GIFT OR A LOAN AND THERE WOULD BE AN EMAIL GOING OUT IN MINUTES. BUT NORMAL CORRUPTION IS THERE'S THIS INTERVAL IN BETWEEN THE GIFT AND THE COUNTERGIFT. SO THAT'S NOT SO CLEAN EITHER, BUT HE JUST GOT A LITTLE GREEDY.

>> Woodruff: AND THAT MADE IT EASIER FOR THE PROSECUTION.

>> VIRGINIA'S ALWAYS HAD SORT OF A SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS ABOUT ITSELF (LAUGHTER) PATRICK HENRY, WE'RE SO AWRISTO CONTRACT AND NOBLE IN PUBLIC SERVICE, AND THIS WAS PRETTY SEEMY --

>> Woodruff: ALL RIGHT, SO THE LAST THING I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT IS THE SENATE AND THE STATE OF KANSAS THIS WEEK. EVERYBODY WAS KIND OF SURPRISED WHEN THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE OF THE SENATE SUDDENLY DROPPED OUT, TWO MONTHS TO GO BEFORE THE THE ELECTION, DAVID. THIS IS THE STATE THE REPS HAVE BEEN COUNTING ON, BOTH THE DEMOCRATS AND THE REPUBLICANS, THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT?

>> WELL, THE SHOR SHORT TERM, IA POTENTIAL PICKUP FOR DEMOCRATS. I MEAN, YOU'VE GOT A CANDIDATE WHO IS OLD AND LIVING OUT OF STATE. IF YOU WANT A RECIPE FOR LOSING, THAT'S IT. THAT'S BEEN PROVEN TIME AND TIME AGAIN. THE LARGER PICTURE, THOUGH, IT'S INTERESTING TO LOOK AT THE ALASKA GOVERNOR'S RACE WHERE A SIMILAR THING HAPPENED WHERE YOU HAVE A VERY POLARIZED ELECTORATE AND IF YOU'RE ON THE LIESING SIDE OF A PARTY AND THERE'S AN INDEPENDENT, YOU CAN MAKE AN ALLIANCE WITH THAT INDEPENDENT AND MAYBE BEAT THE MAJORITY. SO THAT -- WE MAY SEE MORE AND MORE IF THERE ARE INDEPENDENT CANDIDACIES.

>> GEORGE McGILL, THE LAST DEMOCRAT ELECTED FROM KANSAS, 1932. IN THE LAST 82 YEARS, KANSAS HAS NOT ELECTED A DEMOCRAT TO THE SENATE. IT'S THE ONLY ONE OF THE 50 STATES WHO HAS NOT ELECTED A DEMOCRAT TO THE SENATE IN THE LAST 82 YEARS. SO PAT ROBERTS WHO WAS A BOB DOLE KIND OF REPUBLICAN, ACROSS THE AISLE, DID NOT DEMONIZE, AND HE BECAME TERRIFIED IN THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS OF A CHALLENGE FROM THE TEA PARTY AND IT BECAME A CON DRIVENS, A CONSERVATIVE VOTING AGAINST THE FARM BILL AND THE V.A. SO I THINK WHAT DAVID SAID IS A REVENGE OF THE MARGARETS, A REVOLUTION OF THE MIDDLE. THERE IS A SENSE THAT WE WANT BACK OUR KANSAS. THE INDEPENDENT, YOU KNOW, CAST HIMSELF AS A BOB DOLE, WHICH, YOU KNOW, WE'LL FIND OUT WHETHER, IN FACT, THAT STILL GETS TRACTION IN KANSAS.

>> Woodruff: TO PICK UP ON WHAT YOU WERE SAYING, DOES THIS MEAN WE MAY SEE MORE INDEPENDENTS RUNNING?

>> I THINK IT MAKES SENSE. THE FIRST PARTY IS LOW. NOW THEY'VE WITHDRAWN SO THERE'S A LOT MORE INDEPENDENTS. SOME FAKE IT BUT THERE ARE MORE REAL. THERE'S A LOT MORE SPACE IN THE MIDDLE. YOU CAN'T WALK DOWN THE STREET WHERE SOMEONE SAWS I'M FISCALLY CONSERVATIVE AND SOCIALLY LIBERAL, WHERE IS MY HOME? THAT SPACE IS FOR CANDIDATES, DONORS AND INSTITUTIONS. BUT IF YOU SEE CANDIDATES, MAYBE YOU WILL SEE AN INFRASTRUCTURE.

>> CAUTIONARY NOTE FOR THE DEMOCRATS IS YESTERDAY THE FEDERAL RESERVE OF CONSUMER FINANCES SHOWS ALL THE NEW WEALTH HAS GONE TO THE TOP TEN PERCENT WHO NOW CONTROL 55% OF THE WEALTH OF THE COUNTRY, THE TOP 2% IN RONALD RAGENS YEARS. IN EVERY OTHER SINGLE INCOME BRACKET, THE MEDIAN INCOME FELL BETWEEN 2010 AND 2013. I THINK WHAT YOU'RE SEEING IS THIS RISING TIDE IS LIFTING AND THE IDEA THE ECONOMY IS GETTING BIGGER AND EXPANDING, THE PIE IS LARGER BUT THE SLICES FOR EVERYBODY OTHER THAN THE TOP ARE GETTING SMALLER AND THAT'S A REAL PROBLEM WITH TODAY'S UNEMPLOYMENT NUMBERS, I THINK IS A REAL PROBLEM WITH THE ECONOMY HEADING INTO THIS ELECTION.

>> Woodruff: MARK SHIELDS AND DAVID BROOKS, THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: IT WAS A SHOCKING ACCIDENT, A NINE-YEAR OLD GIRL AT A GUN RANGE IN ARIZONA SHOT AND KILLED HER INSTRUCTOR LAST WEEK WHILE HE WAS TEACHING HER HOW TO USE AN UZI MACHINE GUN. AMONG THE QUESTIONS IT'S RAISED HOW DO PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY YOUNG CHILDREN, COPE WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FATAL ACCIDENT? AND HOW SHOULD THEIR LOVED ONES HELP THEM UNDERSTAND WHAT HAS TRANSPIRED? JEFF IS BACK WITH THAT PART OF THE STORY. JEFF IS BACK WITH THE STORY, A CONVERSATION HE RECORDED YESTERDAY.

>> Brown: WHEN HE WAS 12 YEARS AGO OLD, GREGORY ORR ACCIDENTALLY KILLED HIS YOUNGER BROTHER IN A HUNTING ACCIDENT IN THEIR HOME IN UPSTATE NEW YORK. IT WAS MANY YEARS AGO. GREGORY BECAME A PRESIDENT OF ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA AND A POET AND WRITER OF "THE BLESSING." THE EVENT STAYED WITH HIM THROUGH HIS LIFE AND RETURNED IN THE SHOOTING IN ARIZONA. TELL US WHAT HAPPENED WHEN YOU WERE 12.

>> WELL, IN SEANS, IT'S HARD TO SAY WHAT HAPPENED. I WENT HUNTING -- DEER HUNTING WITH MY FATHER AND MY OLDER BROTHER AND TWO YOUNGER BROTHERS. WE KILLED THE DEER, AND IN THE EXCITED AFTERMATH OF THAT, MY GUN WENT OFF, I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW IT WAS LOADED, AND MY YOUNGER BROTHER STANDING NEAR ME FELL TO THE GROUND DEAD. SO THAT HAPPENED, AND THEN THERE IS AFTERMATH -- GRIEF, GUILT, ISOLATION, SILENCE AS EVERYBODY RETREATS INTO THEIR OWN HORROR AND GRIEF AND GUILT. SO THAT ACCIDENT BASICALLY SHATTERED MY WORLD, SHATTERED MY SENSE THAT THE WORLD MEANT ANYTHING.

>> Brown: IT SHATTERED ALL OF THAT BUT YOU'VE ALSO WRITTEN HOW IT ULTIMATELY LED IN SOME WAY TO WHAT YOU BECAME -- A POET, THE PERSON THAT YOU ARE NOW.

>> WELL, I THINK THAT'S TRUE, AND IT'S BECAUSE -- I THINK IT GOES SOMETHING LIKE THIS: TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, DEATH IS A HUGE CHALLENGE TO MEANING, AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THAT CAN RESULT IN IS IT CALLS OUT OF US A HUMAN RESPONSE. SOME STRUGGLE TO AFFIRM MEANING IN A WORLD THAT SEEMS RANDOM AND SOMETIMES, IN CASES LIKE THIS, TERRIFYING. SO, IN SOME SENSE, OUT OF THAT TERROR AND DESPAIR, SOM COMES TE AFFIRMATION OF ART.

>> Brown: I WANT YOU TO READ A POEM YOU WROTE ABOUT THE SHOOTING AND AFTERMATH CALLED "A LITANY." COULD YOU READ THAT FOR US NOW?

>> CERTAINLY. A LITANY. I REMEMBER HIM FALLING BESIDE ME, THE DARK STAIN ALREADY SEEPING ACROSS HIS PARKA HOOD. I REMEMBER SCREAMING AND RUNNING THE HALF MILE TO OUR HOUSE. I REMEMBER HIDING IN MY ROOM. I REMEMBER THAT IT WAS HARD TO BREATHE AND THAT I KEPT THE DOOR SHUT IN TERROR THAT SOMEONE WOULD ENTER. I REMEMBER PRESSING MY KNUCKLES INTO MY EYES. I REMEMBER LOOKING OUT THE WINDOW ONCE AT WHERE AN AMBULANCE HAD BACKED UP OVER THE LAWN TO THE FRONT DOOR. I REMEMBER SOMEONE HUNG FROM A TREE NEAR THE BARN THE DEER WE KILLED JUST BEFORE I SHOT MY BROTHER. I REMEMBER TOWARD EVENING, SOMEONE CAME WITH SOUP. I SLURPED IT DOWN, UNABLE TO LOOK UP. IN THE BOWL AMONG THE VEGETABLE CHUNKS, PALE SHAPES OF THE ALPHABET BOBBED AT RANDOM OR LAY IN THE SHALLOW SPOON.

>> Brown: THOSE LAST LINE ABOUT THE SOUP, THE ALPHABET SOUP, SOMETHING SO NORMAL, SO MUCH OF A CHILDHOOD, AND YET SUDDENLY NOTHING WAS NORMAL ANYMORE.

>> YEAH. AND, ALSO, THERE IS A KIND OF CULTURE OF MYTHOLOGY OUT OF ALPHABET SOUP. I'M SURE PEOPLE MY AGE AND YOUNGER REMEMBER THAT CAMPBELL SOUP AD IN WHICH TWO SMILING CHILDREN'S FACES LOOK DOWN AT A BOWL OF SOUP, AND THE LETTERS RISE UP OUT OF THE BOWL AND SPELL "MM-MMM GOOD," YOU KNOW, THIS KIND OF AFFIRMATION OF THE WORLD OF COMFORT AND SECURITY AND STUFF AND, OF COURSE, ALPHABETS AND WORDS ARE WHAT CREATE MEANING IN OUR WORLD. FOR ME, THE MEANING WAS SHATTERED, THE LETTERS BOB AT RANDOM OR LIE IN THE SPOON THE WAY I SAW MY BROTHER LYING IN THE FIELD.

>> Brown: LET ME JUST ASK YOU BRIEFLY, BRINGING IT BACK TO THE CASE OF THE GIRL RECENTLY. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO HER OR THOSE AROUND YOU? WHAT WOULD YOU YOU WANT THE REST OF US TO KNOW?

>> I THINK IT'S EXTREMELY HARD TO STEP FORWARD AND OFFER ANYTHING IN THIS REGARD, BUT I'M GOING TO TRY. ONE THING I KNOW FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE IS THAT WELL-MEANING, PREMATURE CONSOLATION CAN EVEN BE HARMFUL. PEOPLE TOLD ME IT WAS PART OF SOMEBODY'S PLAN, IT'S PART OF GOD'S PLAN, AND STUFF LIKE THIS RIGHT AWAY, WELL-MEANING ADULTS, AND THAT WAS NOT CREDIBLE TO ME AS A CHILD AND IT MADE THE WORLD ONLY MORE TERRIFYING. SO I WORRY ABOUT PREMATURE CONSOLATION, BUT ALSO, OF COURSE, SILENCE IS NOT THE ANSWER EITHER BECAUSE SILENCE AND ISOLATION AND GUILT ARE WHAT BECOME SO UNBEARABLE FOR THE CHILD AND FOR THE PARENTS AS WELL, OF COURSE. SO THERE HAS TO BE SOME POSSIBILITY OF SPEECH AND OF LISTENING. I THINK ALSO WHAT I KNOW FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE IS IF SOMEONE CAN HOLD THE CHILD AND JUST MAKE THEM FEEL SAFE, THAT CAN MATTER A GREAT DEAL BECAUSE, FOR THEM, THE WORLD IS NO LONGER SAFE, AND IT'S BECOME A WORLD OF GRIEF AND CONFUSION.

>> Brown: ALL RIGHT, GREGORY ORR, POET AND PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: AND FINALLY TONIGHT, A LOOK BACK AT THE WORK, LIFE AND IMPACT OF ONE OF THE PIONEERS FOR WOMEN IN COMEDY JOAN RIVERS.

>> Reporter: FLOWERS AND REMEMBRANCES CONTINUED TO PILE UP FROM OUTSIDE HER NEW YORK HOME. TO HER STAR ON HOLLYWOOD'S WALK OF FAME. FOR THE TART-TONGUED, QUICK- WITTED COMEDIENNE WHO REFUSED TO ACCEPT AND BLEW RIGHT PAST MANY BOUNDARIES. LAST NIGHT DAVID LETTERMAN RECALLED JOAN RIVERS' RESOLVE.

>> TALK ABOUT GUTS, SHE WOULD COME OUT HERE AND SIT IN THIS CHAIR AND SAY SOME THINGS THAT WERE UNBELIEVABLE. JUST WHERE YOU WOULD HAVE TO SWALLOW PRETTY HARD, AND TWICE, BUT SHE WAS HILARIOUS AND SHE STOOD BEHIND HER JOKES AND, TO MY KNOWLEDGE, WOULD SAY THESE THINGS AND NEVER APOLOGIZE.

>> Reporter: OTHERS TOOK TO TWITTER, INCLUDING COMEDIAN SARAH SILVERMAN, WHO WROTE: "MY HEART IS TORN IN HALF. SHE WASN'T DONE." AND WANDA SYKES TWEETED: "WE HAVE LOST A TRUE LEGEND. THANK YOU JOAN FOR PAVING THE WAY FOR BROADS LIKE ME." WHAT MADE HER SPECIAL WAS THAT SHE LOVED WHAT SHE DID. THERE ARE A LOT OF COMEDIANS AND ACTORS WHO DON'T REALLY ENJOY THE PERFORMING PUBLIC PART OF THEIR LIVES. SHE DID. SHE WOULD PERFORM FOR TWO PEOPLE IN A ROOM. WE HAD BEEN SAYING TO EACH OTHER, THE FRIENDS, THAT SHE WOULD BE THRILLED WITH THE OUTPOURING FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. SHE WAS THE CONSUMMATE PERFORMER. SHE LOVED IT! JOAN RIVERS WAS BORN JOAN ALEXANDRA MOLINSKY IN BROOKLYN IN 1933, TO RUSSIAN JEWISH IMMIGRANTS. AFTER RISING UP THROUGH THE COMEDY SCENE IN GREENWICH VILLAGE, IN THE EARLY 1960'S SHE PERFORMED ON THE "ED SULLIVAN SHOW."

>> SHE NOT ONLY WRITES FUNNY, SHE IS FUNNY, JOAN RIVERS!

>> Reporter: AND ALONGSIDE JOHNNY CARSON, WHEN HE WAS GUEST HOST OF "THE SAMMY DAVIS JUNIOR SHOW." THEIR RELATIONSHIP WOULD PROVE CRUCIAL TO RIVERS' CAREER, YIELDING MANY LAUGHS OVER MANY YEARS FOR CARSON AND HIS "TONIGHT SHOW" AUDIENCE.

>> DON'T YOU THINK MEN REALLY LIKE INTELLIGENCE MORE?

>> AH! PLEASE, ARE WE GOING TO GO BACK TO THAT?

>> SURE, I MEAN, A BRAIN, YOU KNOW.

>> NO MAN HAS EVER PUT HIS HAND UP A WOMAN'S DRESS LOOKING FOR A LIBRARY CARD. I AM SORRY. ( LAUGHTER )

>> HERE'S JOAN RIVERS!

>> Reporter: IN 1983 RIVERS BECAME THE FIRST PERMANENT GUEST HOST FOR CARSON ON NBC. WHICH LED TO HER OWN LATE NIGHT SHOW IN 1986, ON RIVAL NETWORK FOX.

>> I AM JUST SO HAPPY TO BE HERE AND I THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> Reporter: BUT SHE AND CARSON FELL OUT OVER THE MOVE, THE TWO NEVER RECONCILED, AND HER SHOW WAS CANCELED AFTER A BRIEF RUN. ONLY MONTHS LATER, HER HUSBAND, EDGAR ROSENBERG, THE SHOW'S PRODUCER, COMMITTED SUICIDE. STILL, DESPITE THE HEARTACHE, RIVERS BOUNCED BACK, REINVENTING HERSELF AS AN EMMY-AWARD WINNING DAYTIME TALK SHOW HOST. ALL THE WHILE, SHE CONTINUED TO TOUR COMEDY CLUBS, AND BECAME AN ACERBIC RED CARPET CRITIC ALONGSIDE DAUGHTER MELISSA. RIVERS HERSELF WAS OFTEN CRITICIZED FOR HER DEPENDENCE ON COSMETIC SURGERY, WHICH SHE DIDN'T HIDE.

>> AND I ALWAYS RECOMMEND DOING A AT A TIME-- A LITTLE BIT AT A TIME. OTHERWISE, YOU'RE GONNA LOOK LIKE YOU'VE BEEN THROUGH A WIND TUNNEL.

>> Reporter: IN HER LATER YEARS RIVERS MAINTAINED A BREAKNECK WORK PACE, AS SHE TOURED HUNDREDS OF COMEDY CLUBS A YEAR AND APPEARED ON REALITY TV SHOWS.

>> Reporter: IN THIS 2010 DOCUMENTARY ABOUT HER LIFE, RIVERS DESCRIBED THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING TO WORK.

>> IF MY BOOK EVER LOOKED LIKE THIS, IT WOULD MEAN THAT NOBODY WANTS ME, THAT EVERYTHING I EVER TRIED TO DO IN LIFE DIDN'T WORK, NOBODY CARED AND I'D BE TOTALLY FORGOTTEN.

>> Reporter: TWO YEARS LATER, SHE LOOKED BACK AT HER CAREER, PLAYING HERSELF ON LOUIS C.K.'S SHOW, "LOUIE."

>> I WISH I COULD TELL YOU IT GETS BETTER, BUT IT DOESN'T GET BETTER. YOU GET BETTER. IT ISN'T EASY. I'VE GONE UP, I'VE GONE DOWN, I'VE BEEN BANKRUPT, I'VE BEEN BROKE. BUT YOU DO IT, AND YOU DO IT BECAUSE-- BECAUSE WE LOVE IT MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE.

>> WHAT I WILL MISS MOST WAS WHEN WE HAD DINNERS, JOAN AND MYSELF AND ANOTHER FRIEND OR TWO, THE HUMOR, THE HONESTY, THE SELF-DEPRECATING PART OF HER LIFE. SHE WAS GREAT COMPANY! YOU KNOW, I WAS FORTUNATE TO SEE THAT NOT ONLY ON CAMERA BUT PRIVATELY, AND I WILL REALLY MISS HER. A LOT OF US WILL.

>> Reporter: LAST WEEK RIVERS WAS RUSHED TO MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL IN NEW YORK, AFTER HER HEART STOPPED DURING ROUTINE VOCAL CORD SURGERY AT AN OUTPATIENT FACILITY. SHE DIED AFTER BEING TAKEN OFF LIFE SUPPORT THURSDAY AFTERNOON. JOAN RIVERS WAS 81-YEARS-OLD.

>> Woodruff: ONLINE, WATCH MORE VIDEOS OF JOAN RIVERS INCLUDING HER APPEARANCE ON PBS'S PIONEERS OF TELEVISION.

>> Woodruff: AGAIN, THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DAY. A CEASE-FIRE TOOK EFFECT IN UKRAINE AND BROUGHT A MUCH AWAITED LULL IN FIGHTING BETWEEN GOVERNMENT FORCES AND PRO-RUSSIA REBELS IN EASTERN PART OF THE COUNTRY. AT A NATO SUMMIT PRESIDENT OBAMA AND OTHER LEADERS APPROVED A NEW RAPID REACTION FORCE TO BE BASED IN EASTERN EUROPE. AND THE U.S. AND ITS ALLIES AGREED TO FORM A NEW INTERNATIONAL COALITION TO FIGHT ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA. ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE, IN LESS THAN TWO WEEKS, SCOTTISH CITIZENS WILL GO TO THE POLLS TO ANSWER A BIG QUESTION: SHOULD SCOTLAND BE AN INDEPENDENT COUNRTY? SO WHAT WOULD A YES VOTE MEAN FOR THE SCOTS? WE HAVE AN EXPLAINER ON THE UPCOMING REFERENDUM, ON OUR WORLD PAGE. ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE. AND A REMINDER ABOUT SOME UPCOMING PROGRAMS FROM OUR PBS COLLEAGUES. TONIGHT ON WASHINGTON WEEK, MORE ON THE DIPLOMATIC AND POLITICAL CHALLENS FACING PRESIDENT OBAMA AS HE WORKS TO BUILD AN INTERNATIONAL COALITION TO DEAL WITH EVENTS IN IRAQ, SYRIA AND THE UKRAINE. LATER THIS EVENING ON WASHINGTON WEEK. ON TOMORROW'S EDITION OF PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND. DR. EMILY SENAY REPORTS ON THE POSSIBILITY THAT CANCER HAS AN ODOR DOGS CAN DETECT.

>> ONE NIGHT IN THE SPRING OF 2011, A COUPLE OF WEEKS AFTER GETTING A NEW PUPPY, DIANE NOTICED HER DOG TROY BEHAVING STRANGELY.

>> HE IS NUZZLING UP AGAINST MY LEFT SIDE AND KEEPS NUZZLING AND NUZZLING AND NOT STOPPING. I'M THINKING WHAT IN THE HECK IS GOING ON WITH THIS DOG? CUT IT OUT. IT'S SO ANNOYING WHAT YOU'RE DOING. HE KEPT DOING IT PERSISTENTLY. IT WASN'T JUST ONCE OR TWICE. IT WAS FOR A FEW MINUTES THAT HE KEPT NUZZLING. SO FINALLY I SAID, WHAT IN THE HECK IS HE DOING? SO I STARTED TO ITCH BECAUSE I'M HIGHLY ALLERGIC. AND THAT'S WHEN I FELT THE LUMP.

>> DAYS AFTER DISCOVERING THE LUMP, DOCTORS FOUND A TUMOR 3-CENT METERS LONG. DIANE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH AN AGGRESSIVE FORM OF STAGE 2 BREAST CANCER.

>> Woodruff: THAT IS SATURDAY'S SIGNATURE PIECE ON PBS "NewsHour" WEEKEND. AND WE'LL BE BACK, RIGHT HERE, ON MONDAY. WITH A LOOK AT HOW FRACKING FOR OIL AND GAS IS DIGGING DEEP POLITICAL DIVISIONS IN COLORADO. THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF, HAVE A NICE WEEKEND. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

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