The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer : WETA : October 21, 2009 7:00pm-8:00pm EDT; The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer

aptioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIS

>> Ifill: GO EVENING. I'M EN IFILL. ON THE "NEWSHOURTHIS WEESDAY: R LEAD STORY: FEDERAL BAILTS. WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOEST. RASUAREZ LOOKS INTO THE LATEST PLAN-- A NEW STILUS FOR SMALL BUNESSES AND BANKS. THEN, AFR THE OTHER NEWS OF THE DAY,UDY WOODRUFF GETS A BEHINDHE SCENES VIEW OF THE AUTOMAKER RESCUES FROM THE M WHO HELPED MAKE THEM HPEN. AVOIDING T FLU, BETTY ANN BOWSER PAYS A VISIT TO ONE CLINIC WHERE 2,000 PEOPLLINED UP TOD FOR DOSES OF THE H1N1 VACCIN

>> WE STAND LINE IF YOU'RE ELIGIBLE FOR THAT. I'M ORRY WE HAVE NO MORE INJEABLES AS OF THIS MOMENT. Ifill: AVOIDING CANCER: WE EXAMINE THE RISKS D BENEFITS OF ROUTINE SCREENING. AND JEFFREY BROWN SAVING THE NEWS BUSINESS. MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE WSHOUR WITH JIM LRER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> WHAT THE WORLNEEDS NOW IS ENER. THE ENERGY TO GET THE ECONOMY HUMMING AGAIN. E ENERGY TO TACK CHALLENGES LIKELIMATE CHANGE. WHAT IS THAT ENEY CAME FROM AN ENERGY COMPANY? ERYDAY, CHEVRON INVESTS $62 MILLION PEOPLE, IN IDEAS-- SEEKING, TEACHING, BUILDG. FUELING GROWTH AUND THE WORLD TO MOVE USLL AHEAD. THIS IS THE POWER OFUMAN ENER. CHEVRON. ♪ ( HARDOCK GUITAR RIFF PLAYING )

>> WE ARE INTEL SPONSORS OF TOMOOW. AND BY THE ALFRED SLOAN FOUNDATION SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHNOGY AND IMPROVED ECOMIC PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIA LITERACYN THE 21ST CENTURY. AND WITH THENGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND FOUNDATIS. AND... THIS PGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LE YOU. THK YOU. Ifill: THE MUCH-DEBATED EFFORT TO SAVE MAJOR BANKS FM COLLAP DREW PRAISE AND CRITICISM TODAY FROM ITS OFFICIAL WATCHDOG. AND PRESIDENT OBAMSAID HE PLANS TO REDIRT SOME OF THAT NEY TO SMALLER BANKS AND BUSINESSES. RASUAREZ HAS OUR LEAD STORY.

>> Suarez:PECIAL INSPECTOR GERAL NEIL BAROFSKY ISSUED HIS REPORT A YEAR TO THE MON SINCE CONGRESS APPROVED $700 BILON RESCUE BIG BANKS AND OTHER FINCIAL INSTITUTIONS. BAFSKY APPEARED THIS MORNING ON C.B.S.'S "THE EARLY SHO AMONG OTHERS. HE SAID IF HE HAD TO GIVE E FEDERAL EFFORT A GRA, IT WOULD BE AN "INCOMPLETE."

>> TRE HAVE BEEN SOME SUCCESSES AS FAR APULLING US BACK FROM THE BRINK OF FINANCIAL COLLAPSE. BUT AS FAR AS STORING LENDING, HELPING HOMEOWNERSHELPING SMALL BUSINESSES, THATASN'T MATERIALED YET. SO WE STILL HAVE TO WAIT A SEE.

>> Srez: BAROFSKY IS HIMSELF A TREASURY DARTMENT EMPLOYEE. BUT WAS BLUNT IN HIS CRITICISM OF THE DEPARENT. HIS REPORT SAID XPAYERS VIEW THE ROUBLED ASSETS RELIEF PROGRAM" OR TARP, WITH "ANGE CYNICISM ANDISTRUST." HE BLAMED A "LACK TRANSPARENCY" IN T PROGRAM AND "LESS THAN ACCURATE STATEMTS." AND HE SAID TREASURY SHOULD HAVE MADEANKS EXPLAIN PUBLICLY HOW THEY USED THE SCUE FUNDS. TO DATE, THE PROAM HAS SPENT MORE THAN $450 BILLION, AND BANKS HAVE REPD $73 BILLION. MOST OF THE MAJOR BAS ARE NOW PORTING PROFITS AGAIN, BUT BAROFSKY SAID TODAY IT UNREALTIC TO EXPECT THE GOVERNMENT WILL ULTIMALY GET ALL OF I MONEY BACK. AGAINSTHAT BACKDROP, PRESIDENT AMA ANNOUNCED A NEW EFRT TO REFOCUS FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TOWARD COMMUNIT BANKS, SMALLER BUSINESS AND HOMEOWNERS. HE SKE IN LANDOVER, MARYLAND.

>> THERE'S STILL TOOITTLE

>> THERE'S STILL TOO MAN ENTREPRENEURS O CAN'T GET THE LOANS THEY NEETO OPEN UP THEIR DOORS AND ART HIRING. ERE'S STILL TOO MANY WHO ARE STRUGGLING TO MA PAYROLL AND TO STAY OPEN. AND THERE'S ILL TOO MANY SUCCESSFUL SMALL BUSINSES THAT WANT TO EXPAND FURTH AND HIRE MORE BUT JUST DON'T HA THE PITAL TO DO IT.

>> Suarez: THERESIDENT ASKED CONGRE TO ALLOW THE SMALL BUSINESSDMINISTRATION TO MAKE LARGER LOANS. HIS PLAN ALSO WOULD NNEL MORE MONEY TO SMALL BAN.

>> TO SPUR LENNG TO SMALL BUSINEES, IT'S ESSENTIAL THAT WE MAKE MORE CDIT AVAILABLE, TO THE SLLER BANKS AND MMUNITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIO TH THESE BUSINESSES DEPEND ON. THESE ARE E COMMUNITY BANKS WHO KNOW THEIR BORROWE, WHO GAVE THEM THEIR FIRST LOANWHO VE WATCHED THEM GROW FROM DO THE STREET, NOT FROM WL STREET.

>> Suarez: BUT SOMREPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS WERE QUICK TO QUESTION THE PREDENT'S PLAN. REPRENTATIVE MIKE PENCE OF INDIANA SAID THE GOVERNMT IS ALADY OVER-EXTENDED.

>> I JT HAVE TO FEEL LIKE THE PRIDENT OFFERING BAILOUT FUNDS TO SMA BUSINESSES WHILE PUSHING A GOVERNMENT TAKEOR OF HEALTH CARIS LIKE GETTING A CHRISTMAS BONUS RIGHT FORE YOU GET A PINK SP. REPUBLICANS HAVE A BETTER AN. THE REPUBLICAN PLAN WILL CATE MORE JOBS D MORE OPPORTUNITY ANMORE CHOICES IN HEALTH CARE ILE CONTAINING COSTS AND CREASING ACCESS.

>> Suarez:EANWHILE, NEW RELATION OF THE NATION'S BIGGEST BANKS MOVED CLER TO REITY. THE HOE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMITTEE VOTED TO LET STES IMPOSE THEIR OWN RULES ON PROTECTING CONSURS FROM FRAUD AND ABUSE. AND THE U.S. TREASURREPORTEDLY ANNED TO ENFORCE 90% PAY CUTS FOEXECUTIVES AT SEVEN COMPANS THAT TOOK THE MOST TARP MONEY. FOR MORE ON THE RESC PROGRAM'S 8PROGRESS, I SPOKE TO E INSPECTOR GENERAL, NEIL BAROFSKY, EARLIER TH AFTERNOOON. INSPECTOR GENERAL BAROFS, THANKS FOR JOING US.

>> IT'S MY PLEASURE TO BE HERE.

>> Suarez: YEARS AGO HDREDS OF BILLIONS WERE BLOWING OUT THE DOOR. YOUR LATEST REPORT CONCLUDES "IT'SXTREMELY UNLIKELY TAXPAYERS WILLEE A FULL RETURN," BUT TT WAS ONE OF THE ASSURANC THAT WERE MADE AT THE TIME

>> TARP S CHANGED S MUCH SINCE THEN ORIGINALLY VISIONED AS A PROGRA JUST TO BUY TROUBLED ASSETS IT NOW I WAGOING TO SAY A DEN PROGRAMS BUT NEW PROGRAM WAS ANNOUNCED, IT'S 13 DFFERENT OGRAMS AND FOR SO THERE IS NO POSSIBILITYOR A RETURN ON INVESTMENT, LI THE RTGAGE-MODIFICATION PROGRAM, $50 BILON GOING OUT THE DO WITHOUT ANY HOPE OR THOUGHT THAT THE MONEY IS COMI BACK. ALSO THE BAILOUT THE AUTO INDUSTRYWE'RE LOOKING AT 10'S OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OFOSSES NOPART OF THE ORIGINAL INTENT OF TARP BUT AS THE TARP HAS EVOLVED IT HAS MADE ITSELF IN CERTAIN WAYS MORE VUNERABLE TO LOSSES.

>> Suarez: I'M GLAD YOU USED THOSE EXAMPLES BAUSE AT FIRST GLCE, YEAH THE MBERS WON'T ADD UP FOR MAKG HOMES AFFORDABLEBUT IF YOU CAN QUANTIFY WHAT WOULHAVE HAPPENED ABSENT THE PROGRAM, CAT YOU BALANCE THE MONEY THAT S SPENT IN KEEPING PEOPLE IN EIR HOMES AGAINSTTHE REALLY SEVERE REPERCUSSNS OF THOUSANDS MORE PPLE FORECLOSED ON?

>> NO, N ABSOLUTELY, THAT'S WHY WE SAY THERE IS NO DIRECT RETU, THERE IS NO DOLLAROR-DOLLAR RETURN WHEN WE LOOK ATHE COST OF THE TARP, WHEN WE LOOK AT IT FROM A MONETARY POINT OF VIEW CERTAINLY THEMPACT IF THE MORTGAGE-MODIFICATION PROGM IS SUCCESSFUL, AND I INK IT'S WAY, WAY TOO EARLY TO DECLARE IT A SUCCESS, BUTIF IT'S SUCCSFUL THAT MAY WELL BE $50 BIION THAT'S WELL SPENT BUT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COST A RETURN ON INVESTMENT WHICWAS E OF THE ORIGINAL CRITERIA SET FORTH IN THE STUTE WHEN TARP WAS ENACTED OBVIOUSLY IT DOESN'T FULFL THAT GOAL. >>uarez: AND THE AUTO INDUST, WE WERE TALNG ABOUT A MELTDOWN IN THE JOB MARKET IF TWO OF THE BIGHREE CLOSED THEIR DOORS.

>> NO, ABSOLELY, AND AGAIN FROM A POLYPERSPEIVE, THAT MAY INDEED BE MONEY WELLSPENT.

>> Suarez:LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT MORAL HAZARD -- THE IDEAHAT IFPEOPLE HAVE ININD THAT THE GOVERNMENT LL BAIL THEM OUT THEY'RE LESS LIKELY TO BACK AAY FROM RISK FINANCIAL DEALINGS. WHAT EFFECT HAS THE TA HAD ON THWAY PRIVATE BUSISS DOES ITS BUSISS WITH MONEY?

>> I THINK UNRTUNATELY IT'S MADE IT WOE, MORAL HAZARD -- I THINK THE BANKS THAT WEREOO BIG TO FAIL WCH USUALLY WHEN WE TALK ABO MORAL HAZARD WE'RE TALKING OUT THE BANKS THAT ARE TOO G TO FAIL AND THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES THEGET FROM THE FACT THATHEY HAVE THISERCEPTION OF A GERNMENT BACKOP, AND I THINK WHEN YOU LOOK AT THA WHAT HAS HAPNED NCE THE TARP IS ONE, THEY'VE GOEN BIGGER. VERNMENT-SPONSORED AT TIMES, MERGERS, HASADE SOME OF TESE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSIKE BANK OF AMERICA LI J.P MORGAN/CSE BIGGER THAN THEY WERE BEFORE, AND SECONDLY WHAT BEFORE WAS A IMPLICIT GUARAEE THATHE GOVERNMENT WOULD NOT ALLOW THESE BANKS TO FAIL S NOW BECOME EXPLICIT THAT W THE POINT OFHE PROGRAMS THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT GOING TO ALLOW THESE MPANIES TO FAIL. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? IT MEANS THEY CAN BORROW NEY CHEAPER ANIT LOOKS LIKE THEY'RE TAKING MORE RISKS AN EVER AS THE MARKET AND PERHAPS THE STITUTIONS THEMSELVES PERCVE THIS SAFETY NET, ANDip RIOUS THEORIES THAT ARE OUT THERE, AND IT'S FUED BY THIS LACKF TRANSPARENCY. Suarez: THAT LACK OF TRANSPARENCY YOU'RE SAYI CREATES THE IMESSION THAT CHEANG IS GOING ON EVEN IF THERE IS NOTHING NECESRILY WRONG WITHHAT'S GOING ON? ABSOLUTELY. I'SURE YOU HAVE HEARD IT. MONEY IS GOING INTO A ACK HOLE, TRANSF OF WEALTH FROM IN STREET TO WALL STREET THAT THE SECRETARY AND OTHER GOVERNMENT OICIALS ARE TOO COZY OR TOO CLO TO WALL STREET -- THE SRIES COME OUT AOST ON A WEEKLY BAS AND IT ALL, I THINK,UNFORTUNATELY THE LACK OF TRSPARENCY CONTRITES IT TO SOME OF THESE THEORIES. IF WE HAVE A DEGREE OF TRANSPENCY, PEOPLE WILL HAVE THE FACTS BEFORE THEM AND CAN MAKEORE INFORMED DECIONS.

>> Srez: YOU MAKE THESE PORTS QUARTERLY. YOUR OVERSIGHT WILL CONTINUE INTO THE FUTURE. WHAT DO YOU NEED T KNOW THAT YOU DOT KNOW YET IN ORDER TO FORM A MORESOLID CONCLUSION ABOUT WHAT T TARP HAS DON WHETHER 'S WORKED, WHETHER IT'S HAD ITS INTENDEDEFFT?

>> I THINK THE MOST SIGFICANT THAT WE'RE GOING TO NEED IS TIME. WEAVE, IN ADDITION TO OUR QUARTERLY REPORTS WE DO PEODIC AUDI, WE HAVE ONE COMIN OUT EARLY NEXT YEA ON THE HOUSING SITUATIO ON THE MORTGAGE MODIFICATION AND WE'RE GOINGO HAVE TO WAIT AND SE WHETHER SOME OF THESE OTHER GOALS OF THE TARP, KEEPIN PEOPLE IN THEIR HOMES, WHAT THE TENT TOET LENDING BACKTARTED AGAIN, THINGS VE CERTAINLY NOT PPENED TO DATE, WTHER THE TARP IS HELPFUL IN HELPING TO BRING BACK THOSE WE'LLAVE TO WAIT A SEE.

>> Suarez: SOME BANKHAVE ARTED TO PAY BACK EIR MONEY THE GOVERNMENT HAS GTEN SOME RERN ON THE $699 ILLION, HASN'T IT?

>> AOLUTELY, SOME O THE HEALTHST BANKS HAVE REPAID. WE'VE MADE DIVIDE INTEREST RETURN ON THAT THROU THE BUY-BACK OF WARRANTS. WE'VE MADE -- I'M SURE YOU HAVE SE SOME OF THE PUBLISH NUMBERSOF A 17% RETURN -- AND THAT IS OD NEWS AND WE DON'T MEAN TO MINIME THAT GOOD NEWS BUT WE THINK IT'S IMPORTANT THAT PEOPLE HE REALISTIC EXPEATIONS DOWN THE LINE THAT WE'RE NOT GOINTO MAINTN THIS TYPE OF 1% OR HIGH PERCENTAGE RETURN.

>> Suaz: ARE WE GOING TO BE LIVING IN E SHADOW OF TA FOR A LO TIME TO ME? IS THIA PROGRAM THAT'S GOING TO BWITH US FOR A LONG TE TO COME?

>> I THINK THE PROAM ITSELF IS ING TO WIND DOWN AS FAR AS THE AUTHITY TO MAKE NEW INVESTMENTS. I THINK THE LEGACY OF TARP MAY BE WITH US F A LONTIME IF WE DON' ADDRESS SOME O THE TOO BIG FAIL AND MORAL HAZARD AND IF WE DON'T ARESS SOME OF THE CREDIBILITY DAMAGE THAT'S BE SUFFERED, IF NOT I MAY BE SOMETHING WE LIVE WITH F A LONG TIME AND Y BE FAR MO PENSIVE THAN THE DOLLARS AND NTS LOST IN THIS PROGRAM

>> Srez: NEIL BAROFY, THANKS FOR JOINING US.

>> Ifill: INTHER NEWS TODAY: NEW CONCERNS ABOUT THEEALTH OF ONE MAJOR BANK-- WLS FARGO-- TRIGGED A LATE-DAY SELL-OFF ON WALL STREET. THE DOW JONES INDUSTAL AVERAGE LOST 92 POINTS TO CLOSE 9,949. E NASDAQ FELL MORE THAN 12 POINTS TO CLOSE ER 2,150. AND OIL PRICES SHOT UP% AND TOPPED $ IN NEW YORK TRADING-- A NEW HIGH FOR THE YEAR. OIL IS UP 120%INCE IT BOTTOMED OUT AT37 A BARREL LAST DECEMBER. THE MAIN CHALLENGER TO AFGHANISTAN'S PRESIDT HAMID KARZAI HASGREED TO TAKE PART IN A RUN-OFF. FORMER FOREIGN MISTER ABDULLAH ABDULLAH WILL FACE KARZAI ON NOMBER 7. BUT DURING A SPEECH INABUL ABDULLAH SAID HEILL DEMAND NEW COITIONS FOR CONDUCTING THE VOTE TO PREVENT EXTENSIVE FRD FROM OCCURRING AGA.

>> WHEN THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN PARTICATE IN THE ELECTION AND HOPEFULLY IN BIGGER NUMBERS, THEY A TAKING A RISK IN SOME PARTS OF E COUNTRY, AND TY SHOULD BE CONFIDENT THAT THAT RISKS WORTHWHILE TING ONCE AGAIN.

>> Ifill: THE ELECTION DRAMAN AFGHANISTAN MAY HAVE A DIREC IMPACT ON PRESIDENT OBAMS DECISION ON WHETHER TO OER IN MORE U. TROOPS. A WHITE HOUSSPOKESMAN SAID TODAY IT'S CERTAINLY POSBLE THAT ANNOUNCEMENT COULD ME BEFORE THE R-OFF. BUT SENATOR JO KERRY SAID IT MAKES COMMONENSE TO WAIT UNTIL AFTER THE -VOTE. THE MASSACHUSETTS DEMOAT MET PRIVATELY WITH PRESIDENTBAMA TODAY, HRS AFTER RETURNING FR KABUL.

>> IT'S A TWWEEK PERIOD. I THINK U REALLY WANT TO KNOW ÷iHAT THIS HAS WORKED AND YOU WA TO KNOW WHAT KIND OFI

>> I VERY MU HOPE THAT PEOPLE SEE THE BIG PICTURE, SEE THA THIS AGREEMENT CLD OPEN THE WAY R A COMPLETE NORMALIZATION OF RELATION BETWEEN AN AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITY. I WOULD CROSMY FINGERS THAT BY FRIDAY WE SHOULD HAVE AN OKA- AN APPROVAL BYLL THE PARTIES CONCERD.

>> Ifill: IRAN'S CHIEF DEGATE UNDERLINED THAT IT'SLL SUBJECT TOPPROVAL BY LEADERS IN TEHRAN. BUT, HE SAID, THE PROPAL IS ON THE GHT TRACK.

>> WE ARE FUY COOPERATING. WE CE TO THIS MEETING WITH THE SPIRIT OF COOPERATION, FLEXIBILITY, AND WE ARE CONCLUDINGHIS PART OF THE MEETING WITH THE CCLUSION THAT WE HAVE HAD USEFULIME AND@z CONSTRUCTION... CONSTRTIVE,áHív>Z@t DISCUSSI, FOR THE PURPOSE THAT I MENTIONETO YOU. CLAIMI THE LEADING SENATE BILL WOULD FORCE UP PREMIUMFOR MILLIONS OF OPLE. MANY PPLE HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT, EVEN WORRIED, ABOUT GEING THE H1N1 FLUACCINE BUT MANY ARE SCRAMBLING FOR THE DOSES AVAILABLE NOW. BETTY ANN BOUGH SER OF OUR HEALTH UNIT -- AARTNERSHIP WITH THE ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION.

>> HAS IT EVER BEEN TH BUSY?

>> NEVER. IT'SHAOS.

>> Repter: THAT PRETTY WELL SUMMED UP THE SITUATION IS MORNING OUTSIDE A MONTMERY COUNTY PUBLIHEALTH CLINIC IN SUBURBANASHINGTON, AS SOME 2,000 AREA RESIDENTSINED UP TO GET VACCINATEDGAINST THE H1N1 VIRUS.

>> I AM ING AN UPDATE ON THE

>> Rorter: IT'S A SCENE PLAYING OUACROSS THE COUNTRY-- DEMAND OUTSTRIPPING SUPPLY AND WAS PARTICULARLY DRAMATIC AT THIS ROCKVIE, MARYLAND CLINIC, AS LIN SNAKED AROUND THE BUILDING, THROUGH TH PARKING LOT AND DOWN THE BCK. AND WITHIN MINUTES OF OPENING ITS ORS, HEALTH CARE OFFICIALS LET THE CRD KNOW THAT SWINE FLU SHOTS WERE GOI FAST TO THE PEOPLE MOST ATISK: PREGNANT WOMEN,HILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF TWO, AND PEOPLE WITH UNDERLYG HETH CONDITIONS. SOME HAD COME BEFORE DN IN

>> I ADOING AN UPDATE ON THE INJECTIBLES, BECAUSE YOUNOW WE'RE GOING ROUGH THAT FAIRLY QUICKLY. AND I WILL CONTINUE TO UPDAT YOREGARDING THE VACCINE.

>> WHERE'S THEEXT CLINIC AND WHEN?

>> NT WEDNESDAY. >>HE NEXT CLINIC WILL BE DETERMED WHEN WE GET MORE VAINE. WE CANNOTELL YOU WHEN OR WHEN IT IS. WE DON'TANT TO ADVERTISE SOMETHING TH WE THEN WOULD HA TO CANCEL.

>> Reporter: THE CNTY HAD OVER 000 DOSES OF NASAL MIST FOR PEOPLE TWO TO 49 YEA OF AGE. T ONLY 249 DOSES OF INJECTIB SWINE FLU VACCINE,ND MORE THAN HALF OTHAT WAS GONE BEFORE 10:00 M.

>> WE HAVE ABOUT A HUNDREDOSES OF INJECTIBLE LEFT.

>> Reporter: CHANTLE AND HER HUSBAND MATT GASTINGER HAD BN PATIENTLY WAITING ININE FOR HOURS WHEN THEY HEARD E NEWS BUT THEY WERE STL HOPEFUL SHE'D MAKE THE CUT. HOW LONG HAVYOU BEEN HERE?

>> SINCE 7:00 A.

>> Reporter: AND TY JUST ANUNCED THERE'S 100 DOSES LEFT, ARE YOU CONCNED? >>HINK WE ARE RIGHT ON THE BOERLINE WHETHER WE RECEIVE E VACCINE.

>> Reporter: IF YODON'T GET IT, WHAT ARE YOU GOINGO DO? ARE U WORRIED ABOUT THIS?

>> WE'RE A LITE CONCERNED, BUT WE WANTED TO GET THIS FOR TH BABY.

>> Reporter:ANIELLE DEWITT'S BABY WAS DUEHREE DAYS AGO AND HER OBSTETRICIAN DOESN'T HAV ANY VACCIN WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO IYOU DON'MAKE IT?

>> JUST WAIT TILL TER I HAVE THE BA, I GUESS, BECAUSE THEY DON'T KNOW WHEN THEYRE GOING TO HAVE THNEXT CLINIC. THERE'S NOT MUCH I CAN DO OUT IT.

>> Reporte INSIDE THE CLINIC HEALTH CARE WORKS TRIED HARD TO MOVE E CROWD THROUGH QUICKLY ANADMINISTER THE VACCIN AROUND 10:20 A.M THERE WERE NO SHOTS LEFT.

>> SO PLEASE STAND IN LINE A STAY IN LINE FOR THE MIS VERSION IF YOUE ELIGIBLE FOR THAT, BUI'M SORRY WE HAVE NO MORE INJECTABLES AS OF THI MOMENT.

>> Reporter: A KATHY GAENZLER S ABLE TO GET FOR HER FOUR- YEAR-OLD DAUTER VACCINATED BUT NOT 14-MONTH-OLD SON AREW.

>> I AM FOR HIM,ECAUSE SHE'S IN PSCHOOL NOW AND HE'S SO YOUNG. AND THE MEDIAND EVERYONE KEEPS SAYING TT THE KIDS ARE AT RISK. AND I DON'T UNRSTAND IF THE KIDS ARE THE ONES WHARE AT RISK, Y THEY'RE NOT PROVIDING MORE OF THE JECTABLE INSTEAD OF THE MIS SO WHAT ARE WE TO DO, SO...

>> Reporter: WHAT ARYOU GOING TO DO NOW?

>> GOOD QUESTION. I DOT KNOW. I GUESS, WE'LLRY THE CLINIC ON THE 28th, BUT ITS RD TO KEEP BRINGING THEM AT 60, 7:00 IN THE MORNING AND WAITING ININE FOR THREE, FOUR HOS AND THEN YOU GET TO THEOOR AND THERE'S NOTHING. SOI DON'T KNOW. I DON'T OW WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO. Reporter: BEFORE CLOSING THEIR DOORAT NOON, HEALTH FICIALS ADMINISTERED 1,311 DOSES OF THE NAS FLU MIST. DR. ULDER TILLMA- THE PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER FOR MONOMERY COUNTY SAID IT INOT CLEAR WH THEY'LL GET MORE INJECTABLE VACCE.

>> I'M CONRNED THAT IT WILL BE A LONG FLU SEASON. IT NEVERENT AWAY FROM THE I UNRSTAND THAT IT WAS SLOW IN ITS PRODUCTION FOR T MONTH OF OCTOBE WE DEXPECT TO CONTINUE TO RECEIVE VACCINE. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS PCHASED ADEQUATE VCINE SO THAT ALL OF OUTARGET GROUPS CAN RECEIVE , SO ITS A QUESTION OF PATICE SO FARHIS DISEASE IS STILL IN THE MI TO MODERATE RANGE WE'VE NOT EXPERIENCED SO OF THE SEVERITY, BUT WE DO HAVE HOSPITIZATIONS IN THE STATE D WE HAVE HAD 10 DEATHS IN T STAT

>> Reporr: AND A TROUBLING FACT FORARENTS: THE H1N1 VIRUS NTINUES TO BE MOST DANGEROUS TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS C.C. OFFICIALS ACKNOWLEDGED VACCINE PRODUCTION IS BEHI SCHEDULE. BUT EXPECT WIDPREAD AVAILABILITYY MID-NOVEMBER. ON CAPITOL HILL DAY, THREE CANET OFFICIALS WERE PRESSED ABOUT THE VACCE SHORTAGE. HEALTH AND HUMAN SVICES SECRETARY KATHLE SEBELIUS ASSURED A SENA PANEL MORE VACCINE WAS COMI.

>> THERES ENOUGH VACCINE, AND WILL BE, TVACCINATE EVERY AMERICAN WHOANTS TO BE VACCINATED.

>> Rorter: SHE ALSO SAID TWO NEW ANVIRAL DRUGS TO TREAT INUENZA WERE DAYS FROM BEING APPROVED BY THE F.D.A.

>> Ifill: AND STILL TO COMON THE "NEWSHOU TONIGHT: NOT ENOUGH FLU SHOTS; QUESTIABLE CANCER SCREENINGS; AND THE FUTURE OJOURNALISM. THAT FOLLOWS OUR INTERVIEWITH THE MAN BEHI THE OVERHAUL AND RESCUE OF DETROIT'S AUTO COMPANIES. JUDY WOOUFF HAS THE STORY.

>> Woodruff: WHEN THE FINCIAL CRISIS HITAST FALL, IT WAS THE TIPPING POINT FOR DETROIT'S LONG-AILINAUTO INDUSTRY. BOTH GENERAL MOTORS AND RYSLER ULTIMATELY FILEDOR BANKRUPTCY ASART OF A LARGER STRUCTURING. ANBOTH SOUGHT TENS OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN A GORNMENT BAILOUT. THE BUSHND OBAMA ADMINISTRATIONS ULTIMATE PROVIDED THEM MO THAN $80 BILLIOCOMBINED. BUT THMONEY ME WITH DEMANDS AND CHANGES FROM PRESINT OBAMA'S TASK FCE, INCLUDING THOUSTER OF GM'S C.E.O. RICK WAGONER. EVEN RATTNER WAS THE CHAIR O THAT AUTO TASK FCE. HE'S OUT TOD WITH A NEW ARTIE IN "FORTUNE" MAGAZINE LAYING OUT HIS ROLE. AND HE JOINS ME NOW.

>> Woodruff: WE ARONLY SIX MONTHSNTO THE NEW WORLD OF THE AUTO INDUSTRY. WHY WRITE THIS RIGHT NOW

>> I THOUGHT IT S IMPORTANT, RELY, TO WRITE A HISTORICAL RECORD. ERE WERE MANY QUESTIONS RAIS ABOUT WHY WE DID- MANY INSINUATIONS ACCUTIONS THAT THE GOVERNME HAD RUN RAMPANT, TH THIS WAS CREEPING SOCIALISM AND I FEEL PROUD OF THE WRK THAT WDID UNDER PRESIDENT OBAMA'DIRECTION AND IELT THAT PEOPLE OUGHT TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE FELT ABOUT IT. >>oodruff: THE BIG QUESTION STILL ON MANY PEOPLE'S MIND IS WAS IT REALLYECESSARY FOR THE FEDERAL VERNMENT TO BAIL THE TWO COMPANIES OUT?

>> THIS IS O OF THE MOST IMPORTANT QUESONS PEOPLE OFTEN GET WRONG. THERE REAL WERE ONLY TWO CHOICES. ONE,HE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROVIDES THE FINANCING TO HELP THESE TWO COMPANI OR THEY CLOSE THEIR DOORS, LIQUIDATE AND MO THAN A MILLION PEOPLE ARE OUT WORK IN A WEEK. THE CAPIL MARKETS WERE FROZEN, THERWAS NO PRIVATE FINANCING THESE COMPANS WERE OUT OF MOY, THERE WAS NOTHING IN THE CASH REGISTER AN THERE WAS NOTHING TO MAKE THE PAYROLL IF THE FEDERA GOVERNMENT HADN'T STEPPED IN.

>> Woodruff: THERE WEROTHER VOICES SAYG YOU DID HAV OTHER CHOICE -- THERE WERE PEOPLE SAYI IF YOU LET CHRYSLERO UNDER THAT THE PEOPLE WHO WANTE TO BUY THEIR KIND OF CARS COULD SIMPLY TURN TO FORD GENERAL MOTO.

>> THAT'S A SLITLY DIFFERENT QUESTION. THAT'S A FAIR QUESTION. AND AS I S IN THERTICLE AND AS I HAVE SAID ELSEWHERE AND IT'S BEEPORTED THIS WAS A VERY DIFFICULT DECISION TH PRESIDT OBAMA HAD TOFACE, BECAUSE THERE IS AN ARGUMENT EXACTLY AS YOUSAID THAT LETTING RYSLER GO WOULD PROVIDEORE BUYERS FOR FORD MORE BUYERS FOR GENERAL MOTORS AND O BANCE, TER THE PASSAGE OF TIME, JOBS. T THE PRESIDENT DECIDED BASED ON A LOT OF DISCUSSION WITH HIS ADVISORS THAT WE WERE SITTING THERE IN MARCH -- REMBER THIS WAS THE BOTTOM OF THE STOCK MARKET, THIS WAS THE BOTM OF THE ECONOMY, THIS S THE BOTTOM --E WERE LOSING 600,000-700,000 JO A MONTH THAT HAVG A CONCENTRATED NUMB OF PEOPLE LOSE THEIR JOBS IN ONE DAY WHICH IS WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENEIF CHRYSLER HAD GONE AWAY WAS NOT ACCEPTABLE SIMPLY BECAUSE WE HAD A VBLE ALTERNATIVE, WE H THE ALLIANCE WITH FT WHICH WEELT COMFORTABLE, STILL FL COMFORTABLE WAVIABLE AND THEREFORE IT W A GOOD USE OF TAXPAYER DOLLARS.

>> Woodruff: ANY DBT IN YOUR MIND THAT THERE WOULD HAVBEEN A LOSS OF 300, Z000 JOBST CHSLER IF YOU HAD GONE ANOTHER WAY?

>> N NO DOUBT INCLUDING SUPPERS, DEALERS, THERE WASNO DOUBT, THE WAS NO PRIVATE NANCING, THERE WAS NO OTHER SOURCE OF CAPITAL, WE WERE VERY REALISC, THE PRESIDENT WAS RY REALISTIC HIS CHOICE WAS BETWEEN LETTING CHRYSLER GO AWAY AND PROVIDING TAXPAYERUNDING OF CHRYER THERE WAS NO MAGICAL SOLUTION THAT WAS GOING TO APPEAR OVER THE HORIZON.

>> Woodruff:WV YOUy3eHG.ç2 WRITE, STEVE RATTNER THAT Y=÷ FACED GREATER CHALLENGES AT G.M., YOUROTE "STUING CULTURAL FICIENCIES." WHATID YOU MEAN BY THAT?

>> I WAS NOT DETROIT GUY. I HEARD A LOT OVER THE YEARS ABOUT W DETROIT W AN INSULAR CULTE, NOT LOT OF NEW LOOD F BY ITSELF BUT ALL OF US ON THE TASK FORCEERE QUITE SHOCKED BY WHAWE FOUND - IT WAS A PLACEHERE PEOPLE BEGAN THEIR REERS AND END THEIR CAREERS D REALLY SPENT A LOT OF TE AMONG THEMSELVES A THE WAS JUST NOT A LOT OF FRESH THINKING OR N IAS AS WELL AS A LOT O ISOLATION BETWEEN THSENR-MOST PEOPLE AND THE RANKND FILE AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

>> Woodruf PEOPLE STILL BRING UP THE FACT THAT THEOVERNMENT WENT IN AND FIRED THE C.E.O. OF A BIG COMPANY OF G.M., RICK WAGONE HOW AWKWA? HOW DIFFICULT WAS THAT? HOW NECESSY WAS IT?

>> I THINK PEOPLE HAVE REALLY OVERREACTED TS. E GOVERNMENT MADE SIMILAR DESIONS AT I.G., FANNIE MAE, FREDDIE MAC IN T CONXT OF PRODING ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL SISTANCE. IN THERIVATE SECTO IT WAS COMPLELY TYPICAL TO AS FOR A CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT WHEN YOU PROVIDE NEW CAPITALO A MANAMENT TEAM THAT HADN'T DONE THE JO THIS WAS A MPANY THAT HAD RNED THROUGH $ BILLION OF CASH IN 15 MONTHS, HAD BURNED THROUGH $20 BILLION, MOST, OF CASH IN THE FIT QUARTER OF 2009 HAD PRODUCED FEBRUA 17TH VIABILI PLAN THAT WASN'T VIABLE, WAS IN DENIAL ABT THE MAITUDE OF THE PROBMS AND WHAT NDED TO BE DONE -- IT SEEMED PRETTY OBVIOUS TO ALL OF US INCLUDING THE PRESIDENT THAT THERE NEED TO BE A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP, AN AFTER THIS ALL HAPPED, WHILE THE BOARD WAS QUITE UNHAPPY AT THE MOMENT, AFTER IT W OVER, MO OF THEM IVATELY SAID TO ME OR T ONE OF MY COLLEAGUES, "YOU DID THE RIGHHING."

>> Woodruff: YOU SM PRETTY CALM, COOL AND COLLECT ABOUT THIS NOW BUT HOW HA WAS IT THE TI? OR WAS IT?

>> THE CHANGING FEE OR THE WHOLE THING? Woodruff: THE WHOLE THING?

>> T WHOLE THING WAS VERY TRAUMATIC. BECAUSE I ALMOST DIDN'T TA THIS JOB,S I WRO IN THE PIECE, BECSE I WROTE THESE COMPANIES ARE GOINTO RUN OUT OF MONEY IN A COUPLE OF MOTHS, BANKRUPTCY IS A MULTIYEAR PROCESS, IT WASN'T CLEAR WERE GOING TO BE AE TO RESTRUCTURE THESE COMPIES, PEOPLE HAD TRIED FOR YEAR TO RESTRUCRE THESCOMPANIES, HOW RE WE GOING TO MANAGETO DO THI IN A COUPLE OF MONTHS BUT I'S A LITTLE LIKE THE SAYG "NEVER LET A ISIS GOO WASTE REQUESTS THE MAGNITUDE OFHE PROBLEM TIMATELY CAUSED ALL THE STAKE HOLDERS TO RECOGNIZE THEY HAD TO HELP.

>> Woodruff: THE GOVERENT ULTIMATELY PUT IN WE WERE JUST SAYING $8 BILLION ORO INTO G. ANDHRYSLER AND THESE ASSOCIATED COMPANIES. ARE THE TAXPAYERS GOIN TO GET THEIMONEY BACK?

>> I THINK THE TAXPAYERS WILL GET A GOOD BILT OF IT BACK,HEY WOT GET ALL OF IT BACK AND THE WAY TO THINK OF ITS THERE WAS $20 BILLION TH WENT IN AT THE END OF 200WHICH IS WHAT I WOULD CALL KICK THE CAN DOWN THE ROAD MONEY OTHER MONEY WE HAD TO PUTN DOWN THE WAY T KEEP THE LIGHTS ON WHILE WE FIGURED OUWHAT TO DO WEAN'T EXPECT TO GET THAT BECOME BUT E INVESTMENT DECISION ON WALL STREET TO PUT $30 BILLION INTO M. ON THE DAY OF RESTRTURING INHE CONTEXT OF RESTRTURING THINK WEE WILL GET BACK. RIGHT NOW I WON'T GO THROUGH ALL THE MATH, TODAY IT WORTH 25 BILLION IN THE ON MARK AND THE COMPANY HAS THINK VERY GOODPROSPECTS.

>> Woodruff: YOU UD -- DO YOU THINK IT HAS GD PSPECTS? SOME PEOPLE ARE LOOKING ATHE INDUSTRY AND SAYING IS IT EVER GOING TO CE BACK?

>> I DO BELIEVIT HAS GOOD PROSPECTS. FIRST OF ALL THIS MAY SEEM LIK AN OBVIOUS STATEMENT NOBY HAS INVENTED A SUBSTUTE FOR THE TOMOBILE, PEOPLE ARE GOING T BUY CARS AGAIN. CAN THEY PUT IT OFF A WHILE? CAN THEY DEFER THEIR PURCHASES? SURE, WEE LLING AT A15 MILLION RATE TO KEEP T FLEET FROM GETTI OLDER AND OLDER. ONCE WE GET THROUGH THISRISIS PEOPLE WILL START BUYINGFROM G.M., THEY HAVE BETR PRODUCTS TH PEOPLE GIVE THEM CREDIT FOR, THEY HAVE MAID STRID AND I ULD GIVE RICK WAGONER A FAIR AMOUNTF CREDIT AS WELL AS HIS COLLEAGUES FOR HAVG STARTED AT PROCESS AND WE GAVE THEM EVERTOOL THERE IS NO REASON THEY CAN'T BE SUCCESSFUL.

>> Woodruf YOU USED THE TERM CREEPINGOCIALISM A MOMENT AGO. WH IS THE EXIT STRATEGY FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNME?

>> PRESIDENT OBAMA ANDIS SENIOR ADVISOR LRRY SUMMERS, TIM GEITHNER HAVE BEEN VERY CLR WE WERE NOT VOLUNTEERS FOR TH WAR, WE WE DRAFTEE, WE WERE HEREECAUSE NOBODY ELSE WOD BE HERE NO OTHER CAPITA WOULBE HERE, THEY HATE THE IDEAF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF COMPANIES, THE GOAL IS TO GET OU AS QUICKLYS PRACTICAB NOT A FIRE SALE WHERE WE LOSE TAXPAYER DOLLARS BUT AS ICKLY THE MARKE WILLBEAR AND SEEMS PRUDEN THAT'S A DECISION THAT HAS TO BE MADE ALONG THE WAY, I THINK WE' TALKING ABOUT A FEW YEARS BUT I HAVENO DOUBT THAT NOBODY IN T OBAMA ADMINISTRATION WANTS TO A SHAREHOLDER IN THESE COMPANI A MINUTE LONGER THAN NECESSARY. >>oodruff: I ASK YOU BECAUSE PEOPLE LOOK AT THIS AND SAY IT SU DOES LOOK LIKE THE VERNMENT IS IN THIS FR THE LO HAUL.

>> WE DID STY OTHER PRIVATIZATIONS IN EUROPE AND ELSEWHERE ANI WOULD SAY IN CANDOR THAT E RECORD OF VERNMENT OWNERSHIP IS GENELLY A 3-5-YEAR PROCESS WITHOTS OF OUTLIARS. THE GOVERNMENT WAS IN CONRAIL FOR A GOOD -- OF UTLIERS, THE GOVERNMENT WAS I CONRAIL FOR A GOODWHILE. I WANT TO BE CLEAR THAT THE GOALS, THE MOTIVE THE IMPETUS IS IGETTING OUT AS QUICKLY AS PRACTIBLE.

>> Woodruf I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUTHE FACT THAT THE NEW RK ATTORNEY GENERAL IS INVESTIGATING YOUR FORMER INVESTMENT RM, QUADRANGLE GROUP AND YOU FOR PAYMEN TO A POLITICAL CONSULTANT IN CONNTION WITH WINNING INVESTMES FROM THE NEW YORK PENSION FUND. YOU ENDED UP STEPPING DOWN FROM THAT FM. YOU STEPD DOWN FROM YOUR POSITION WH THE AUTO RESTRUCTURING GROUP SHORTLY AFTER ALL THIS CAMOUT. CAN YOU BRING UP TO DATE ON WHERE THAT INVESTIGATION IS?

>> JUDY, WE'RE HERE TODAY TALK ABOUT CS WHICH I'M HAPPY TO , FOR THE OTHER MATTERS --

>> Woodruff: THE INVTIGATION IS ONGNG.

>> I NOT HERE TO TA ABOUT THAT.

>> Woouff: STEVE RATTNER, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR TALKING WITH US.

>> THANK YOU, JUDY.

>> Ifill: ON OUR W SITE: newshour.pbs.orgYOU CAN FIND A SLIDESHOW ON G.M.'S HISTORY D A LINK TO STEVEN RATTNER'S TICLE IN "FORTUNE" MAGAZINE. THE MESSAGE HAS OFTEN BE A SIMPLE ONE: SCREENING FOR NCER SAVES LIVES. BUT THAT MESSAGE HAS MKED A GROWINDEBATE OVER WHETHER SCREENING OFFERS RISKS OF ITS OWN, INCDING TOO MANY DIAGNOSES ANOVER-TREATMENT. NOW TODAY, A NEW ARTICLE IN E "JOURNAL OF THAMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION"-- REARCHERS LOOKING AT TWO DECADES' WORTOF SCREENING FOR BREAST AND PROSTATE CANCER CONCLUDE THA THGH BENEFICIAL, SCREENING IS NOT ALWAYS A GUARDGAINST LATER STAGE CANCERS. HERE TO RT THROUGH THE QUESTIONS THESE CONCLUSION RAISE, ARE THE PAPER'SEAD AUTHOR-- DR. LAU ESSERMAN, A BREAST SURON AND DIRECTOR OF THE BREAST CARE CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OCALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO MEDICAL CENTER. AND DOCTOR VTOR VOGEL, VICE ESIDENT OF RESEARCH FOR THE AMERICAN CANR SOCIETY. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH. DR. VOGEL, I WILL STT WITH YOU. IT SOUS LIKE DR. SSERMAN IS STILL TRYING TO GET HER AUDIO. WANT TO STT WITH YOU ANYWAY. THE QUESTI THAT EXACERBATED THIS DATE GOING ON QUESTIONS MADE BY THE AMERICAN NCER SOCIETY TO "NEW YORK TIMES" ABOUT WHETH OR NOT SCREENING IS BEING OVRDONE. WHAT'S YOUR ANSWERO THE QUESTION OWHETHER THERE IS TOO MUCH SCREENING GOING ON?

>> WL, WE DON'T BELIEVE AT THE AMERICAN CANR SOCIETY, GWEN THAT THERE IS TOO MUCH SCREENG GOING ON BUT WE E STARTIN TO HAVE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT TH AL SCIENTIFIC BENEFITS AND MERITS OF SCREENINGND WE AREOW RECOGNIZING, ALONGITH THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, THAT SCREENING IS NOT PFECT. NOW, ON THE OTHER ND WENOW THAT SCREENG SAVES LIVES SO WE DON'T WANT PEOPLETO STOP DOING IT BUT WE'RE CONTINUALLY REEXAMINING THE SCIENCE LOOKING AT THE EVIDENCE AND ALWAYS DOING RESEARCH TO ND BETTER THODS SCREENING.

>> Ifill: DR. EGSSERMAN, GIVE US A SENSE OTHE -- DR. EERMAN, GIVE US A SENSE OF THE PROS AND CONS OF SCRNING WHICH IS THE WATWORD OF HOW WE TA CARE OF RSELVES.

>> THE MESSAGE HAS TO BE CLEAR THAT SCREENINGAS MITATIONS, AND I THINK IF WE UNDSTAND AT IT CAN DO AND IT CAN'T DO THEN WE HAVEHE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE IT BETTER I THK THE MESSAGE IS THAT AFTER YEARS OF SCREENING FOR BOTH BREAST D PROSTATE CANCER WE HAVE INCREASED THENUMBER OF CANCERSHAT WE'VE DETECTED. MOST OF THESE CANCS HAVE BEEN EARLY CAERS. WHILE THAT ON TH SURFACE, SEEMS GOOD ONE OFHE PROBLEMS IS THAT WEHAVEN'T SEEN COMMENRATE DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF LATER-STAGE CANCERS, SO THAT TELLS US THE IS A PRLEM. THE PROBLEIS THAT E DETECTING EARLY CANCERS THAT Y NOT BEME LIFETHREATENING OR MAY NOT B PARTICULARLY AGGRESSIVE AND THAT CAN LEAD US TO OVERTREATMENT, AND ATHE SA TIME, WE'RE NOT NESSARILY TCHING THE PEOPLE WHO ARE AT RISK FOR T MOST SERIOUS CANCERS, SO I THINK THE MESSAGE IS THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO UNDERSTANDHAT SCREENING CAN DO, AND WE HAVE TO BE CAREF TO TRY AND GURE OUT HOW WE CAN PROVE SCREENING AN HOW WE CAN TAILOR IT AND PERSONALIZE IT, DO LESS SCREENG IN GROUPS OF WOMEN WHO MANOT BENEFIT -- OR WHERE TERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF BENET -- AND THERE MAY ONLY BE HA -- THAT'SOMEN OVER 70 OR 75 -- AND MO SKREEPG FOR THE WOMEN WHO WE THINK MIGHT BE RISK -- AND MORE SCREENG FOR E WOMEN WHO WE THIN MIGHT BE AT RISKOR THE MOST RIOUS CANCERS.

>> Ill: HOW DO WE DRAW THE LINE ABOUT WHEN IT'S DOING TOO MUCH OR DOING TOO TTLE?

>> GWEN, WE USE THE EVIDENCE FROM CONTROLLED CLINIC TRIALS AND WE KNOW THAT, FOEXAMPLE IN WOMEN BETWEEN 50 AND70, THERE'S CLEAEVIDENCE FROM 20 YES OF SCREENING TRIALS TH M GRAPHIC SCREENING DUCES THE RISK OF DYING FROM -- MAMMOGRAPHIC SCREENI REDUC THRISK OF DYING FROM BREAST CANCER 20-30% WE AO KNOWS AS DR. ESSERMAN INTS OUT WHEN YOU DO SCREENING IN POPULATIONS YOU WILL DETECT DIASE THAT WOULD VER BE A TREAT TO THE PERSON'S LIFE -- AND THE PROBLEM IS CURRENTIOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDINRIGHT NOW DOESN'T SORTHOSE OUT. THAT DOESN'T MEAN W STOP SCREENING. MEANS WE CONTINUE TO DO THE WORK THAT' REQUIRED TO DISTINGUISH BETWEETHOSE CAERS DETECTED AT SCREENING THAT ARE LIFE THREATING AND THOSE THAT ARE IN FACT T LIFE THREATENING, ANDE COULD SAY THE SAME THING ABOUT COLORECTAL SCREENING, AND WE'VE CERTAINLY PROVEN THAT OR THE LAST CENTURY SERVE AND VOLLE CANCER SCREENING IN THE UTED STATES HAS -- CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING INHE UNITED STATES HAS ESSENTIALLY ELINATED FOR THOSE WOMEN WH ARE SCREENED. THERE ARE A LARGE NUMBERF PEOPLE W CAN BENET FROM SCREENING AND ARE NOT BEING SCENED.

>> IfillTHE FEAR FOR PEOLE IS THAT THEY HAVE SETHING THAT'S UNDIAGNOSED. HOW DO YOU SPEAK TO THEM? IT'SASY TO SAY THERE ARE SOME CANCERS WHICARE MORE EASILY DETEED BY SCREENING AND SOME THAT ARE NOT, WE DOT KNOW WHAT THEY ARE SEEM AWFULLY CONFUSING.

>> ACTUALLY, I DON'T THINIT NEEDS TO BE NFUSING. AGAIN, AS I SAID THINK IT'S AN OPPORTUTY TO MAKE THINGS BETTER. THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN TO UNDERSTAND THAT T ALL CANCER ARE KLER NCERS. AND IF THEY ARE DETECTED WITH A CANCER, THEYEED TO FINDUT WHAT KIND OF CANCER TEY HAVE. INCREASINGLYE HAVEOOLS AVAILABLE TO HELP US UNRSTAND AT AS DR. VOGEL SAID, I ISN'T THAT WE STOP SCREENING, IT' THAT WE DO A BETTER JOB WITTHE FORMATION THAT WE GET B I THINK AN IMPORTANT MSAGE IS THAT OUR CURREN METHODS OF SCREENG WILL NOT DETECT L AGGRESSIVE CANCERS EARLY, SO MEN WHO DELOP A MASS OR A SYMPTOM SHOU MAKE SURE THAT THEY GO IN EV I THEY'VE HAD A RECENT NORMAL MAMMOGRAM -- A LOT OF CANCERS- THE MOST SERIOUS CANCERS, SOME OF THEMGROW VERY QUKLY AND MAY NOT BE FOUND EARLY WITH SCREENG SO OUR MEAGE IS THAT WE NEED TO KEE WORKING ON FINDING BTER WAYS TO TREAT THEAGGRESVE CANCERS LEARN WHY PEOP ARE AT RISK F THEM ANDTRY AND FIN SOME NEW TOOLS. FOR THAT PARTICULAR MAN -- THAT PARCULAR GROUP OF WOMEN.

>> IfillDR. VOGEL, IS THE FOCUON THE WRONG CACERS? I AN ARE WE PAYING SO MUCH TIME TELLING MEN TO GET PROSTA P.S.A.'S AND WOM TO GET MAMMOGRAMS THAT SOMEHOW NOT DEVOTING THEESEARCH OR ATTENTN TO OTHER MOREETHAL CAERS THAT GROW ME QUICKLY AND ARE THERORE LESS DETECTABLE?

>> I THINK IN BOTH WOMENAND N, COLORECTAL CANCER IS VERY IMPORTANT AN THEY BOTH ED TO CONSIDER COLORECTAL SCENING AND TALK TO DR. THEIR DOCTORS AND IN WOMEN I RTAINLY WOULDN'T WANT TO EXAMINE MAMMRAPHIC SCREENING BUT WE HAVE TO LEARN HOW TO DO IT BETTER AND IN A MO BIOLOGICALLYND SCIENTIFICALLY INFORMED WAY, THE QUESTIONBOUT SCREENING ONE THAT DOES REQUIRE BECAUSE RENT DATA THAT THE AMERAN CANCER SOCIETY HAS RESPONDED TO A ACTED O AND MODIFIED OUR SCRNING RECOMMENTION SAYS THAT DOCTS D THEIR MALE PIENTS NEED TO HAVE VERY CAREFU DISCUSSIONS ABOUT S.A. SCREENING BECAUSE OF THE VERY REAL RISK WITH THAT SCREING TEST FOR THE OVERDIAGNOSIS OF PROSTE CANCERTHAT WILL NOT BE A THREAT TO THOSE MEN, SO WE TRY TO DISTINGUISH BY CANCER SIT WHERE THE EVIDENCE IGOOD TO SUPPORT THE USE OF SCREENING, AND WHERE THEATA REQUIRE MORE CAREFUL DISCUSSIONETWEEN DOCTOR AND PIENT.

>> Ifill: DR. ESSERMAN, IS THERE A COST FOR ERTREATMENT? I'M SORRY. CAN YOU HEAR ME, DR. ESSERMAN?

>> I LO THE AUDIO.

>> Ifill: I DON'THINK SHE CAN HEAR ME.

>> YEAH, I CAN HEAR YOU I WANT TOAY IT'S VERY IPORTANT THAT IN COLORECTAL CANR WEHAVE FINITELY SEEN ADECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF INVASIVE CAERS. I THINK THAT'S GREAT A I THINK E OF THE REASONS TAT DR. THPSON AND I P THESE TWO CANCS TOGETH IS THAT THE STORY IN BREAST CANCER IS MORE SIMILATO THE STORY IN PROSTATE CANCER THAN WE UNDEROOD. SO I THINK IT IS VERY IMPORTT R US ALSO, TO MAKE SURE THAT WE PREPARE WOMEN WHO ARE UNDERGNG SCREENING FOR WHAT MAY HAPPEN. THEY MAYE CALLED BACKFOR A OPSY. THEY MAY BCALLED BACK AND TOLD THEY HAVE AANCER BUT THEY DON'T NEED TO PANIC BECAUSE WHAT WERE LEARNING IS THAT A LOT OF E BIOPSIES WILL TURN OUT TO BE NOTHING, AND SOME OF THEANCERS WE DETECT MAY NOT BE FE-THREATENING, SO WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE ARE PREPARED FOR THEONSEQUENCES OF SCREENING -- I'M NOT SAYING THAT SCREENING SHOULDN'T BEONE. I'M SAYING THAT WE HAVETO ACCEPT ITSLIMITATIONS. IF WE DON'T, WEANNOT MAKE IT TTER AND WE WIL MISS THE OPPORTITY TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO TAILOR IT BETTERND MOR PROPER.

>> IfillDR. VOGEL ARE THERE OTHER KIS OF SCREENINGSTHAT ARE OVRLOOKED? WE'VE HEARD ABOU M.R.I. SCREENINGS, FOR INANCE.

>> WELL, THE CANR SOCIET LOOKED ATHE NEWLY ERGING DATA ABOUT M.R.I. ANDAID IT IS NOT SOTHING THAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH ALL WOMEN OR FOR A WOMEN BUT THERE ARE CERTAIY GROUPS OF WOMEN, PARTICULARLY THOSE WITH LIFETIME RISKSOF BREAST CANCER GREATER THAN 20% WHO ULD BENEFIT FROM M.R.I. SCREENING AND WOMEN WI LESSER SK NEED TO HAVE A DISCUSSION WITH THEIR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS ABOUT THE RKS AND NEFITS, SO IT'S NOT POSSIBL TOW MAKE BLKETTOAKE BLANKET RECOMMENDATIONS BUT WHATE DO IS BASEDN THEITE AND THE SCREENING MODALITIES AND TRY TO STRATIFY THOSE RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THEATIENT'S RISK OF TH DISEASE. Ifill: DR. SERMAN, QUICKL IF Y WANT TO RESPONTO THAT.

>> I DO. I THINK WEAVE TO BE CAREFUL WITH M.R.I. SCREING -- I THINK THAT THAT IS A SEENING TEST FOR THE PEOPLET THE HIGHEST RISK, PEOPLE WHOAVE 40-5% LIFETI RISK -- OF SCREENING. THOSE E PEOPLE LIKE BRCA-1 CARRIERS, WH SHOULD GET SCREENG EVERY SIX MONTHS AND FAIRLY INTENSIVELY, PEOE ARE CLAMORING FO M.R.I.'AND R.I.'S HAVE MORE FALSE POSIVES THAN MAMMOGRS AND WE WANT TO BE CAREFUL NOT TO OVERUSE CHNOLOGY AND NOT TO.

>> Ifill: THANK YOVERY MUCH. DRLAURA ESSERMAN AND DR. VICTOR VOG.

>> IfillFINALLY TONIGHT, WHAT'S WRONG WITTHE NEWS BUSINESS? AND HOW TO FIX IT? JEFFREY BROWN HAS OUR LOOK.

>> Brown: WE KNOW E PROBLEMS: NEWSPAPERS FOLDI RIGHT AND LEFT, LOCAT.V. NEWS VIEWERSHIP DOWN, FER REPORTERS CHASING STIES. AND WE'RBEGINNING TO SEE SOME SOLUTIONS INCLUDING W BUSINESS MODELS THAT USE THE TERNET CITIZEN JOURNALISM AND MOR WITH T NEWS BUSINESS VERY MUCH FLUX JUST NOW, A NEW REPORT PRENTS THE STATE OF PLAY AND A POSSIBLE FURE. IT'S TITLED "T RECONSTRUCTION OF AMERIN JOURNALISM". CO-AUTHOR ONARD DOWNIE, JUNIOR IS WITH ME. HE'S FORMER EXECUTIVEDITOR OF "THEASHINGTON POST" AND NOW A PROFSOR AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. ALSO WITH US IS NIOLAS LEMANN, DEAN OF THE COMBIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF JOURNALISMWHICH COMMISSION THE REPORT. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH.

>> TNK YOU.

>> Reporter: T MAIN THEMES I TEAM FROM THIS. FIRST IS THE CONTINUINGOSS OF AT YOU CALL ACCOUNTABILITY URNALISM. WHAT'SHAT MEAN?

>> THAT'S THE JOURNALISM THAT HOS EVERYBODY WITH POWER IN OUR LIS AND INFLUENCE IN OUR LIVES ACCOUNTABLE TO THE REST OF US -- OBVIOUSLY THAT INCLUDES GOVERNMENT B NOT JUST, THAT THLARGE CORPORATIONS PEOPLE WHO CTROL ASPTS OF OUR ENVIRONMENT -- EVERYTHINTHAT GOESN O LIVES. D THAT'S REPORTING THAT TES A LOT OF NPOWER AND IT TAKES DIGGING. IT'S N EASILY DONE 'S NOT COVERING ST EVENTS OR SPEECHES. AS WSROOMS GETMALLER AND SMALLER, TT'S THE REPORTIN TH WE'RE MO CONCERNED ABOUTZH BEING IN ANGER. IT'S ALSO THE KINDS OF REPOING AT'S CAUSED SOME JOURNALISTS WHO HAVE LEFT NEWSPAPE TO START NEWS ORGANIZATIO YOU REFERRED TO, NPROFITS IN MANY CASES, SOMETIMES FORROFIT THAT DON'T VE THE LEGACY COSTS OF -- O PRINTING AND DELIVERING NEWSPAPERS BAUSE THEYE PRINCIPALLONLINE.

>> Reporter: NICK LEANN, AS T REPORT SAYS, THAT KIND OF JOURNALISM IS NOT NECESSARILY E WAY AMERICAN JOURNALISM HA ALWAYS GONE.

>> RIGHT.

>> Reporte WE'RE SEEING AISE OF ADVOCACY JOURNALISM. WHAT'S THEANGER OF THAT?

>> JOURNALISM STARTED AS ADVOCACY JOURNALISM. THAT WASEFORE REPORTERI JOURNALISM. THERE ARE THREE HPY ACCIDENTS THAT FOUNDERS DIDN'T HAVEN MIND, ONE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ONE IS EVERYBODY HAVING THEIGHT TO VOTE AND ONE IS REPORTING -- SELF-INTERESTEDOSITIONS BUT THERE REALLY WEREN REPORRS WH THE FIRST AMENDMENT WAS WRITTEN AND GRADULY PRINTERS MORPHED INTO NEWSPAPER OWNERS WHO WEREN'DEPENDENT ON POLITICAL PARTIES, AND THEY LEARNED HOW PROVIDE INRMATION AND BUILD UP PAID CIRCULATION AND THEN ADVERTISING, A THAT SUPPORTED IS REALLY IMPORNT AND VIT SOCIAL FUNION IN A DEMOCRA WHICH IS CORPS OF PEOPLE WHO GO OUT AND HOLD AS LEN SAIDHE POWERFUL ACCOUNTABLE.

>> Rorter: AND THAT'S BNG LOST?

>> WELL, THE NUMBER OF PEOP WHO HAVE -- WHO DO THAT PEAKED IN PROBABLY THE 1990'S AND HAS BEEN GOING DOWN A LOT SINCE THEN AND IT'S AEALLY IMPOANT FUNCTION. IT'S NOT ADVOCACY -- ADVOCACY IS IN A GOLDEAGE RIGHT NOW BECAE OF THE INTERNE SO NOT TO DISS IT, BUT IT'S FINE. REPORTING IS NOT FI BECAUSE OPLE NEED TO BE PAID TO DOT. AND E ECONOMIC BASIS IS ERODING, AND THIS REPORTERY FORCEFULLY ADVOCES SHORING UP THE ECONOMIC BASE THROUGH POCY MEASURES AND EXPERIMENTATION TH NEW BUSINESS MODELS, S WE CAN GET THOSE OTS ON THE GROUND IN STATE PITOLS, BIG CITIES, ALL OVERHE COUNTRY --

>> Reporte THAT'S THE OTHER THEME --HE OTHER THEME HE WHERE U SAY THIS IS MOST HARMING US ISLOCAL NEWS. YES, IN SO MANY CITIES AROUND THE COUNTRY THE O LOCAL WSPAPER WAS A MONOPOLY, WAS MINANT IN LOCAL NEWS CORAGE AND WHEN IT HAD A LARGE NEWSROOM, THAT WAS FINE, IN SOME CASES THEY DID A GOOD JO, IN SOME CASES NOT SUCH A GOOD JOB, NOW IT'S HARDER FOR Y OF THEM TO DO A GOOD JOUB BECAE THE NEWSROOMS AR SMALLER THAN TH WERE BORE, MANY NEWSROOMS AR HALF T SIZE THANHEY RE IF NOT MOE, SO WE'RE LOING AT NEW START-UPS THAT A DOING LOCAL REPORTININ VARIOUS CITIES -- SOTIMES IN UNERSITIES. SOMEMES ON THEIR OWN. AND WE WANTO FIND WAYSOR THE PUBLIC TO SUPPORT THE THAT'S WHAT WE'RE ADVOCATING THIS REPORT.

>> Reporter: NATIONA REPORTING HABEEN VERY HARD-T TOO BUT IT NOT A CASE WHERE THERE IS ONLY ONE ENTYOING IT. IN MANYIG CITIES AND TOWNS OF AMERICA, THERE'S REALLY OLY ONE TITY DOMINATINGACCOUNTABILITY JOURNALISM AND SO IF I GETS REALLY VASTATED, NOBODY IS THERE TO REPLACE EM. IT JUST DOESN'T GETDONE.

>> WL, ONE OF THE PROPOSALS HERE THAT I THINK IMPORTANT TO TALK ABOUT BECAUSE OF WRE WE'RE SITTING WCH IS PUBLIC TELESION -- YOU HAVE A LOT TO SAY ABOUT PUBL BROADCASTING. YOU SAY -- PROPOSE THA "PUBLIC RADIO AND LEVISION SHOULD BE SUBSTANTIAY REORIENTED T PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT LOCA NEWS REPOING." THIS IS --O AHEAD. THIS SOUNDS LIKE YOU -- YOU THINK THIS IS A REAL FAILING OF PUBLIC TELEVISIO

>> YESI THINK IT I BECAUSE PUIC TELEVISION AND RADIO WERE ORGANIZED TO BRING INFORMATION TO PPLE IN EVERY COMMUNITY ARND THE UNTRY AND TO MA MMUNITIES THE LOCAL PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION DS NO LOCAL REPOING SHGS THEY MAY RRY THE LEHR REPORTBUT NO LOCAL REPORTING ANVERY FEW LOCAL TELEVION AND RADIO STATIONS DO LOCAL REPTING, SOME DO AN THE EXPTIONS SHOW WHAT IS POSSIBLE MINNOTA PUBLIC RADIO DOES A VIGOROUS J OF COVERING NEWS THROUGHOUT THE STE OF MINNESOTA, FOR EXALE, BUT AT'S THE RARITY, SO -- AND WE BELIEVE THAT THERE ARE FUNDS THAT HAVE GONE INTO PUBLIC TELEVION AND RADIO THAT COULD BE REORIENTED FROM SOME OF THE OTHER PURPOS THAT THEY HAVE GHT NOW INCLUDINGINKING LOT OFONEY INTOFACILITIES, FOR EXAMPL THAT COULD BE SHIFTED TOOCAL NEWS REPORTING.

>> Reporr: ANOTHER PROPOSAL HERE THAT MAY BE THEMOST PROVOCATIVE ONE IS A CALL FOR THE F.C.C.O RAISEONEY TO HELP CREATE A "NATIONAL FUND FOR LOCAL NEWS." YOU DIDN'T WRITE THIS REPORT, BUT THAT RAISES A LOT OF QUESTIONS, RIGHT, ABOUT ANIME YO GE THE GOVEMENT INVOLVED. HOW DO YOU LOOK AT SOMETHING LIKE THAT? HOW SHOULD WE INK ABOUT SOMETHING LIKE THAT?

>> I DIDN'T INVENT THIS DISTINCTION. SOBODY BROUGHT ITUP AT AN EVENTWE HAD BUT IT'S USEFUL DISTINCTIO-- THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC MIA AND STATE MEDIA. THISEPORT IS ADVOCATING THE SHORING UP AND CREATIONOF NEW PUBLIC MEDIA, AND A LOT OF JOURNALISTS LEAP TTHE CONCLUSION THAT PUBLIC MEDIA MEANS AVDA AND PEOPLE'S DAILY -- IT DOESN'T. IT MEANS BBC I MEANS YOUR PROGRAM, IT MEANS N.P.R. IFOU BUILD THE FIRE WALLS PROPERLY HAVING PUBLIC FUNDING SUPPORTING INDEPENDENTEPORTING DOESN'T MEAN THAT INEVITABLY THE REPORTING WI BE CORRUPT AND TURNED IO STATE PROPAGANDA.

>> YOU SEE EXAMPS -- THE NAONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, E NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND EVEN DESPITE SOME CONTROVERSIES THE NAONAL ENDOWMENTS FOR THE ARTS AND HUMANITI AS WELL AS PUBLIC BROAASTING.

>> Reporr: VERY PUBLIC CONTRORSIES.

>> BUT TY SURVIVED, TEY'RE ILL WITH US AND DOING GOOD WORK, BECAUSE THERE ARE FIREWALLS TH WERE BUILT IN AND I'M NOT SAYING THERE MIGHT NOT BE CONTROVERSIES THAT WOULD OCCUR WITH WHAT WE CALL THE FUND FOR LOCAL NEWS BUT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SETTINUP STATE COUNCILS THATOULD BE THE DISTRIBUTORS OF THIS NEY ANDTHEY WOULDN'T GO TO SPECIFIC COVERAGE IT WOULDN'T GO TO WHETHERR NOT YOU'RE GOING TOOVER THEAYOR POSITIVELY O NEGATIVELY I WOULD INSTEAD TONNOVATIONS IN REPORTING THAT MATTE TO OPLE. HOW CAWE COVER THE SOOLS BETTER? HOW CAN GET INFORMION OUT TO THE PUBLIC BETTER? HOW CAN WE DRAW CITIZENS INTO THE REPOING PCESS BETTER THAN WE DO? THESE ARE THE NDS OF THINGS WE'RE TALKING ABOUT.

>> Repter: IS THE CONCLUSION THAT THE MARKET WILL N WORK?

>> IT'S NOT THAT T MARKET WON'TORK AT ALL BUT THE MARKETPLACE CANNOT SPORT THE LEVEL OF JOURNALM IT WA SUORTING BEFORE, IT WAS SUBSIDIZED BY ADRTISING, MUCH OF THAT ADVERTISING HAS DISSIPATED IN THINTERNET AGE AND ISO LOER AVAILABLE TO HELP SUPPORT AMUCH REPORTING AS IT D BEFOR SO WE NEED TO SUPPLEMENT THAT, LAYERS OF DIFFERENT SUORT FOR REPORTING WIRE TALKING ABOUT FOUNDATIONS, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THEINDS OF PRIVATE DONATIONS THAT PUBLIC TELEVISION AND RADIO STATIONS GET NOW, A VARIETY OF SUPPORT INCLUDING AT AMOUNT OF ADVERTISINAND SALES OF NEWS TH CAN STILL EXIST. >>eporter: LAST WORD. YOU COMMISSIONED THIS THING. WHAT DO YOU WANT T SEE HAPPEN NE?

>> I WOULD LIK TO SEE - ERE'S ALREADY A HUGE DISCSION ON THIS TOPIC AS YOU KNOWAND I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THIS REPORT KIND OF FOCUS THE DIUSSION BY MAKING -- PUTTING EVERYTHINGNDER ONE ROOF AND MANG PROVOCATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS SXIMD LIKE TO SEE THE DEBATE MOVE FORWARD IN -- AND IOULD LIKE TO SEE THE DEBATE MOVEFORWARD IN A VIGOROUS FASHION INTO THE POLICY REALM -- IWANT TO SAY ONE OTHER THIN MARKET VS. PUBC SUPPT. IT'S A BOTH AN BEING NOT EITHERR. CREATING TESE STRUCTURES WOULDN'T CREATE ANY EXPERIMENTATION OR INNOVION ON HOTO PAY FOR NEWS WITH PURE MARKET ECOMICS EVEN INSIDE THE SAME ORGANIZATION, MANY GANIZATIONS IN THIS COUNTRY SEEK MARKETS A SEEK PUBC FUNDING AND SEEK DONATIONS,O IT'S -- IT'S DOING A LOT OF THGS AT ONCE. THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO DO.

>> Repter: NICK LEMANN AND LEONARD WNIE, THANK YOU VY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: FOR THE FULLEPORT, FOLLOW LINK ON OUR WEB SITE: newshourbs.org TO THE "COLUMBIA URNALISM REVIEW" SITE. PLUS, WE HAVE TWO ONNE-ONLY FEATURES TONHT. THE ANSWERS YOUR QUESTIONS ABT THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS FROM AUTHOR ALYSSAATZ. SHE TOOK PART INN INSIDER FORUM TH OUR ECONOMICS CORRESPOENT PAUL SOLMAN. D A STORY ABOUT NEW VIOLENCE IN RIO DE JANEIRO,ITE OF THE 2016 OLYMPICS. AGAIN, THE MAJOREVELOPMENTS OF T DAY: THE SPECIAL INSPECTOGENERAL GAVE MIXED MARKS TO THE DERAL FINANCIAL RESCUE PROGR. ANHE SAID IT'S UNREALISTIC TO THINK BIG BANKWILL REPAY ALL THE MONEY THEY RECEID. D, AFGHAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ABDULL ABDULLAH AGRE TO TAKE PART IN A SPECIAL RUN-OFAGAINST INCUMBENT HAMID KARZAI NEXT MONTH.

>> Ifill: AND AIN, TO OUR HONOR ROLL OF AMERICAN SVICE PERSONNEL KILLED IN THE IR AND AFGHANISTAN COLICTS. WE ADDHEM AS THEIR DEATHS ARE MADE OFFICIAL AND PHOTOGRAPH BECOMEVAILABLE. HERE, IN SENCE, ARE EIGHT RE. WE'LL SEE YOU ON-LINE AND AGN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. I'M GWEN IFILL. THANK YOU AND GO NIGHT. MAJOR FUING FOR THE NEWSHOUR WI JIM LEHRER IS PROVIDED BY:

>> THIS IS THE ENGINTHAT CONNTS ABUNDANT GRAIN FROM THE AMERICAN HEARTLAND TO RAN'S BE SELLING WHEAT, WHILE KEING 60 BILLION POUNDS OF CAON OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE EVERY YEAR. BN, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> CHEVR. TH IS THE POWER OF HUMAN ENERGY. INTEL. SUPPORTING MATH AND SCNCE EDUCATN FOR TOMORROW'S

>> AND BY LLS FARGO ADVISORS. TOGETHER, WE'LL GO FAR.

>> ANDY THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. DEDICATED TO THE IDEA AT ALL OPLE DESERVE THE CHANCE TO LIVE A HEALTHY PRODUIVE LIFE. AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPRT OF THESE INSTUTIONS AND FOUNDAONS. AND... TH PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION F PUBLIC BROADCAING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YO PBS STATION FROMIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK U. Captiing sponsored by acNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS Caption by Media Access Group at WH access.wgbh.o >>Y NAME IS TOMMY TUNE, AND I'M A BIFAN OF ENTERTAINMENT. I GUESS IT'S EXISTED LONG AS PEOPLE HAVEATHERED TOGETHER TO TAKTIME OUT FROM THEIR EVERYDAY LIVES. ALL ITEQUIRES IS AN AUDIENCE A... WELL, MAYBE SOME TALEN TODAY THERE'S ENTERTAINMT EVERY SIDE TO SUIT EVERY TASTE WITH SMANY STARS ONE CAN HARDLY KEETRACK. IMAGINE TH A TIME WHEN FOR MORTHAN 5 YEARS ONE SMALL GIRLOULD GRIP THE ATNTION OF AN ENTIRE MOVIEGOI WORLD, COULD BE ADORED BY THE HIGHND THE MITY AND BY MILLIONS OF ORDINARY FOLK. BAUSE OF HER, TENS OF THOUNDS OF KIDS, INCLUDING YOURS TRUL WERE SENT TO TAP CLASSES. [TAP-DANCING] IT HAPPENED IN HOLLYWOOD AND IT HAPNED NOT SO LONG AGO.