PBS NewsHour; October 16, 2018 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LL

>> Nawaz: GOOD EVENING, I'M AMNA NAWAZ. JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. HEON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, SECRETARY OF STATE MEETS WITH SAUDI ROYALTY TO DISCUSS THE ALLEGED MURDER OF A JOURNALIST AND THE KINGDOM'S SHIFTING STORY OF THE INCIDEN THEN, EXACTLY THREE WEEKS TO THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS, WE LOOK A HOW POTENTIAL VOTER SUPPRESSION MIGHT AFFECT THE OUTCOMES OF SEVERAL KEY RACES. AND, GRIT NOT GRADES-- WE TAKE A LOOK INSIDE A UNIQUE PROGRAM THAT'S RETHINKING COLLEGE BY HONORING PASSION AND RESILIENCE OVER TEST SCORES. LI THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT HONORS, IS REALLTED. USUALLY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT SAT SCORES. OT YOU NEED A LOT MORE THAN THE ABILITY TO DO WEA TEST TO CHANGE THE WORLD.

>> NawazALL THAT AND MORE ONNE TONIGHT'S WSHOUR.

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>> Nawaz: FROM SAUDI ARABIA TONIGHT, A NEW DENIAL IN THE DIPLOMATIC CRISIS OVER JOURNALIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI. PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS THE SAUDI CROWN PRINCE TOLD HIM HE KNOWS NOTHING ABOUT KHASHOGGI'S DISAPPEARANCE AT A SAUDI CONSULATE IN TURKEY. NCT, MR. TRUMP SAYS, THE P PROMISED A FULL INVESTIGATION. THATAS SECRETARY OF STATE MI POMPEO MADE AN URGENT TRIP TO RIYADH. WE'LL HAVE FULL REPORT, RIGHT AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY. ALSO TONIGHT: THONGOING AFTERMATH OF HURRICANE "MICHAEL." THE DEATH TOLL IN FLORID DOUBLED TODAY TO 16. THAT MAKES 26 DEATHS IN ALL, OVEROUR STATES. BUT THERE ARE SIGNS OF RECOVERY. CELL-PHONE SERVICE LARGELY RETURNED TODAY IN THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE ALVIN MIGUES IS WITH THE SALVATION ARMY'S EMERGENCY DISASTER SERVICE HE'S BEEN DISTRIBUTING FOOD AND WATER TO STORM SURVIVORS, AND JOINS MEROM PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA. ALVIN MIGUES, WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR. NOW, YOU'VE GONE DOWN THERE TO SET UP A COMMAND POST BASICALLY. GIVE US A SENSE OF WHAT KIND OF SERVICES YOU'RE PROVIDING RIGHT NOW AND HOW MANY PEOPLE YOU'RE SERVING IN THAT AREA.

>> AMNA, THE SALVATION ARMY CAME INTO THE AREA LAST TUESDAY FRO TEXAS, WE CAME INTO THE PANAM3 CITY AREA. WE CAME WITH 26 CANTEENS TO START IMMEDIATE SERVICE HERE. W UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THE EVACUATION ORDET OUT TO OVER 120,000 PEOPLE, AND ONLY ABOUT 20,000 OF THEM HEEDED THE WARNING. SO THERE WERE ATEAST 100,000 PEOPLE THAT WE WERE NEEDING TO FEED VERY QICKLY. THAT'S OBVIOUSLY BEEN A CHALLENGE WITH THE CONDITIONS THAT WE'RE SEEING HERE IN PANAMA CITY.

>> Nawaz: WE'VE BEEN SEEING SOME OF THOSE PICTURES, OF COURSE, THE DEVASTATION BY THOSE INCREDIBLY POWERFUL WINDS, 155mph WHEN THE HURRICANE GIVE ME A SENSE OF WHAT YOU'VE SEEN THERE ON THE GROUND. WHAT'S THE DEVASTATIOT YOU'RE SEEING? WHAT ARE THE IMMEDIATE NEEDS THAT NEED TO BE MET EVEN NOW WEEK LATER?

>> WHEN I CAME INTO TOWN, IT APPEARED AS THOUGH AN F-5 TORNADO HAD RIPPED OUGH THIS COMMUNITY. THERE IS DAMAGTOEQUIVALENT WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN IN THE JOPLIN, MISSOURI, AREA A FEW YEARS AGO I REMEMBER GOING INTO A SMALL TOWN IN ALABAMA A FEW YEARS BACK, 2010, SIMILAR CONDITIONS. BUT THIS IS SO WIDESPREAD, IT'S JUST LIKE I BELIEVE THE PRESIDENT EVEN SAID YESTERDAY IT LOOKED LIKE A HUGE TORNADO JUSTT RIPPED THROUS TOWN. THERE ARE BUILDINGS KNOCKED DOWN, THERE ARE TREES SCATTERED ABOUT. IT'S JUST TOTAL DEVASTATION, POWER LINES EVERYWHERE. IT'S A MESS.

>> Nawaz: ALVIN MIGUES, YOUE RESPONDED TO EVENTS LIKE THIS IN THE PAST. TELL ME ABOUT SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES AND THE CHALLENGES THAT ARE UNIQUE IN THIS SITUATION.

>> ONE OF THE CHALLENGES FOR US IS JUST MOVING AROUND THE TOWN RIGHT NOW. TUESDAY WHEN WE CAMEWN, WE STARTED OVER FROM PENSACOLA TO THIS AREA EARLY IN THE MORNING AROUND 7:00, AND IT IS TYPICALLY DOUT A TWO-HOURIVE. IT TOOK US CLOSE TO SEVEN HOURS TO ACTUALLY GET ON THE GROUND OVER HERE TO WHERE WE NEEDED TO BE BCAUSE OF THE DEBRIS, BECAUSE OF THE NUMBF PEOPLE TRYING TO GET INTO TOWN AT THE SAME TIME. THE ROADS HAVE JUST BEEN VERY CONGESTED. IT TAKES AS MUCH AS A HOUR TO GET MAYBE TWO OR THREE MILES DOWN THE ROAD SO.METIM

>> Nawaz: WE UNDERSTAND BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTS THERE WAS CURFEW IN PLACE. IS THAT STILL IN PLACE, AND HOW DOES THAT AFFECT THE WORK THAT YOU DO?

>> YES, SO THERE IS A CURFEW, AND WE TRY TO WORK AROUND THAT AS MUCH AS POE.SSI WE DON'T WANT TO BE OUT ON THEST ETS, YOU KNOW. THE CHALLENGE IS AS DARK AS IT IS WITH NOE ELCTRICITY, THERE ARE JUST DANGERS OF THINGS THAT COULD BE HANGING DOWN LOW THAT YOU DON'T WANT TO RUNNTO. YOU CAN'T SEE THEM BECAUSE IT'S JUST PITCH BLACK. AFTER THE SUN GOES DOWN, IT'S REALLY A SAFETY ISSUEOR EVERYBODY, BUT WE WORKED DILIGENTLY TO GET OUR CREWS OUT WITH THEIR FOOD AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE SO TY'AT THE BACK ON THE ROAD HEADED BACK INTO OURA, STAGING AROU KNOW TO, TRY TO BE IN BEFORE... AS POWER WE'LL BE ABLE TO START TO DO SOME DIFFERENT THINGS. RIGHT NOW IT'S MAINLY FEEDING AND HYRATION. WE'LL START LOOKING AT DOING SOME TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS, CLEANING SUPPLIES, THOSE TYPES OF THINGS, AND ONCE WE CAN GET THOSE COMMOTIES IN

>> Nawaz: ALVIN MIGUES OF THE SALVATION ARMY, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Nawaz: IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, THE KILLED AT LEAST 60 AL-SHABAB EXTREMISTS IN SOMALIA, IN AN AIR STRIKE ON FRIDAY. DEADLIEST ATTACK ON THE GROUP SINCE LAST NOVEMBER, AND PART OF EXPANDED U.S. OPERATIONS SINCE PRESIDENT TRUMP TOOK OFFICE. AL-SHABAB SEEKS TO ESTABLISH AN EXTREMIST ISLAMIC STATE IN SOMALIA. JUST A YEAR AGO, IT KILLED MORE THAN 500 PEOPLE IN A TRUCK BOMBING IN MOGADISHU, THE SOMALI CAPITAL. IN AFGHANISTAN, OFFICIALS SAY DOZENS OF POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED IN ERNIGHT ATTACKS BY THE TALIBAN. THE FIRST ATTACK TARGETED A CHECKPOINT IN NORTHEAST SAMANGAN PROVINCE. THE SECOND STRUCK THE CENTRAL PROVINCE OF DAIKUNDI. THE NEW VIOLENCE COMES JUST DAYS AHEAD OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTNS THAT THE TALIBAN HAS VOWED TO DISRUPT. SEVERAL THOUSAND MIGRANTS FROM HONDURAS RESUMED MARCHING DAY, THROUGH GUATEMALA, HEADING FORS. THE U.ORDER, AND PROMPTING A WARNING FROM PRESIDENT TRUMP. HE TWEETED THAT IF THE CARAVAN IS NOT STOPPED, THEN " MORE MONEY OR AID WILL BE GIVEN TO HONDURAS, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY!" MOST IN THE CARAVAN ARE MAKING THE JOURNEY ON FOOT. MANY SAY THEY HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO FLEE THEIR HOME COUNTRIES.ed

>> ( transl ): THE REASON FOR BEING PART OF THIS MARCH IS TO BE PART OF THE AMERICANDR M, TO IMPROVE OURSELVES, AGAIN, FOR OUR CHILDREN, FOR OUR FAMILY. WE'RE MOTIVATED BY THE MANY SHORTAGES WE FACE IN OUR COUNTRY.

>> Nawaz: LATE TODAY THE GOVERNMENT OF HONDURAS ISSUED AP STATEMENT URGIPLE NOT TO JOIN THE CARAVAN. A SECOND MIGRANT GROUP MADE ITS WAY TOWARD THE U.S. BORDER LAST APRIL BEFORE BREAKING UP. THE TRUMP MINISTRATION REPORTS 66 MIGRANT CHILDREN, WHO WERE SEPARATED FROM THEIR FAMILIES, ARE STILL IN FEDERAL CUSTODY. THE INFORMATION, IN A URT ALING, SAYS THE PARENTS OF 50 OF THE CHILDREN HAEADY BEEN DEPORTED. THE SEPARATIONS WERE INITIALLY PART OF THE PRESIDENT'S ZERO TOLERANCE IMMIGRATION POLICY. CHINA'COMMUNIST PARTY IS DEFENDING THE MASS INTERNMENT OR MUSLIM MIES, IN THE FACE OF INTERNATIONAL CONDEMNATION. AN EIMATED ONE MILLION PEOPL ARE BEING HELD IN CAMPS IN WESTERN CHINA. NAT A PARTY REPORT SAYS E CAMPS ARE "VOCATTRAINING CENTERS" DESIGNED TO BRING PEOPLE INTO THE MODERN WORLD. FORMER DETAINEES SAY THEY WERE FORCED TO DENOUNCE ISLAM AND PLEDGE LOYALTY TO THE PARTY INSTEAD. A PRE-EMPTIVE BLACKOUT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA MOSTLY ENDED TODAY, AS HIGH WINDS ABATED AND WILDFIRE DANGERS EASED. ON SUNDAY, PACIFIC GAS AND ECTRIC DELIBERATELY HAD CUT POWER TO 60,000 CUSTOMERS. IT WAS THE FIRST USE OF A NEW POLICY TO PREVENT DOWNED POWER LINES FROM SPARKING FIRES, AND IT BROUGHT DIVIDED REACTIONS.

>> GETTING WORD THAT ITS GOING TO BE 48 HOURS, UPWARDS OF FIVE DAYS, IT'S RIDICULOUS. IT DOESN'T MAKE ANY SENSE. I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO SAY, I'M DUMBFOUNDED.

>> I UNDERSTAND WHY THEY'RE ING IT, BE SAFE THAN SORRY. IT'S UP TO US NOW TO DEAL WITH NEW NORMALS.

>> Nawaz: THE UTILITY IS ALREADY LIABLE FOR BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN DAMAGES FROM DESTRUCTIV FIRES EARLIER THIS YEAR. U.S. HEALTH FICIALS REPORT A IKE IN A RARE, PARALYZING ILLNESS THAT MOSTLY AFFLICTS YOUNG CHILDREN. ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS CANAF CT THE FACE, NECK, BACK AND LIMBS, BUT SO FAR, THE CAUSE IS UNKNOWN. THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION REPORTS 62 CONFIRMED CASES IN 22 STATES THIS YEAR. ANOTHER 65 ARE BEING INVESTIGATED. SIMILAR WAVES OCCURRED IN 2014 AND 2016. NORMER CONGRESSWOMAN MARY HAS RESIGNED FROM U.S.A. GYMNASTICS JUST FOUR DAYS AFTER BEING NAME INTERIM C.E.O. IT'S THE LATEST BLOW TO THE BODY AF SEXUAL ABUSE SCANDAL. SEVERAL LEADING GYMNASTS CRITICIZED BONO PARTLY OVER HER PAST WORFOR A LAW FIRM HIRED BY U.S.A. GYMNASTICS DURING THE PRESIDENT TRUMP TODAY MOCKED THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF STORMY DANIELS, AFTER A FEDERAL JUDGE DISMISSED HER DEFAMATION LAWSUIG NST HIM. IN A TWEET, MR. TRUMP CALLED DANIELS "HORSEFACE" AND SAID:SH "KNOWS NOTHING ABOUT ME." DANIELS HAS CLAIMED AN AFFAIRN WITH MR. TRUMP06, WHICH HE DENIES. IN A SEPARATE SUIT, SHE IS SEEKING RELEASE FROM AN AGREEMENT THAT PAID HER $130,000 NOT TO TELL HER STORY. AND, ON WALL STREET, STOCKS FOUGHT BACK TO RECOUP SOME OF LAST WEEK'S LOSSES, ON UPBEAT EARNINGS REPORTS. RAE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL A JUMPED NEARLY 548 POINTS TO CLOSE 25,798. THE NASDAQ ROSE 214 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ADDED 59. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: QUESTIONS REMAIN OVER SAUDI ARABIA'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE ALLED MURDER OF A JOURNALIST HOW POTENTIAL VOTER SUPPRESSION COULD AFCT THE OUTCOME OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. TODAY SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POSAEO TRAVELED TO RIYADHI ARABIA, AMIDST A MAJOR CRISIS THAT THREATENS THE U.S.-SAUDI ALLIANCE. THERE ARE STILDMANY UNANSWE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FATE OF RNALIST JAMA KHASHOGGI, SUSPECTED OF BEING KILLED AND DISMEMBERED INSIDE SAUDI ARABIA'ifS >>rin: IN THE GILDED ROYAL PALACE IN RIYADH, AMERICA'S TOP DIPLOMAT MET SAUDI ARABIA'S DE FACTO RULER. AND AT A MOMENT OF MOUNTING PRESSURE, CROWN PRINCE MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN DECLARED UNITY .

>> AS WITH AMERICA AND SAUDI ARABIA, WE ARE REALLY STRONG AND OLD ALLIES. SO, WE FACE OUR CHALLENGES GETHER. THE PAST, THE DAY OF, TOMORROW.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> Schifrin: AFTER A HASTILY AREONGED, 12-HOUR FLIGHT, POD CONDUCTEROUND OF MEETINGS, INCLUDINWITH A FRAIL 82-YEAR- OLD KING SALMAN. THE MAIN TOPIC: MISSING SAUDI JOURNALIST AND "WASHPOST" COLUMNIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI. TWO WEEKS AGO TODAY, KSHOGGI WALKED INTO THE SAUDI CONSULATE IN ISTANBUL AND VANISHED. TURKISH OFFICIALS HAVE LEAKED C.C.T.V. FOOTAGE AND ACCUSED A SAUDI HIT SQUAD OF MURDER AND D SMEMBERMENT. TODAY THEY PROVIE "WASHINGTON POST" WITH PHOTOS OF E ME OF THE SQUAD'S PASSPORTS. THE SAUDIS CONTI DENY ANY INVOLVEMENT, INCLUDING IN A CONVERSATION TODAY WIT PRESIDENT TRUMP. HE TWEETED THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN "TOTALLY DENIED ANY KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT TOOK PLACE IN THEIR TURKISH CONSULATE," AND WOULD "RAPIDLY EXPAND A FULL AND COMPLETE INVESTIGATION." BUT TURKISH OFFICIALS SAID THEIR INVESTIGATION IN THE CONSULATE, TURNED UP PRASOGGHI DIED INSIDE. AND TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN SUGGESTED THE SAUDIS WERE TRYING TO CONDUCT A COVER UP. ( translated AT): THE INVESTN IS LOOKING INTO MANY THINGS, SUCH AS TOXIC MATERIALS, AND THOSE MATERIALS BEING REMOVED BY PAINTING THEM OVER.N

>> Schifrin:PITOL HILL, MANY LAWMAKERS ECHO THAT FRUSTRATION. SOUTH CAROLINA REPUBLICAN SENATOR NDSEY GRAHAM TODAY CALLED FOR REMOVING CROWN PRINCL MOHAMMAD BINN.

>> I'VE BEEN THEIR BIGGEST DEFENDER ON THE FLOOR OF THE NGITED STATES SENATE. THIS GUY IS A WRECALL. HE HAD THIS GUY MURDERED IN A CONSULATE IN TURKEY, AND TO EXPECT ME TO IGNORE IT. I FEEL USED AND ABUSED. I KNOW WHAT I'M GOING TO DO. I'M GOING TO SANCTION THE HELL OUT OF SAUDI ARABIA. THIS GUY HAS GOT TO GO. SAUDI ARABIA, IF YOU'RE LISTENIN THERE ARE A LOT OF GOOD PEOPLE YOU CAN CHOOSE, BUT M.B.S. HAS TAINTED YOUR COUNTRY AND TAINTEHIMSELF.

>> Schifrin: THAT ANGER IS KEEPING PRESSURE ON POMPEO. TO IGHT HE HAS MORE MEETINGS RIYADH, AND TOMORROW HE'LL FLY TO ANKARA TO MEET WITH TURKISH OFFICIALS. FOR MOREN THIS WE HAVE DAVID ROTHKOPF, A VISITING SCHOLAR AT THE CARNEGIE ENDOWNMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND HOST OF THE "DEEP STATE RADIO" PODCAST. HE WRITES EXTENSIVELY ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES. ENAND GERALD FEIERSTEIN, AR FELLOW AND DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR GULF AFFAIRS AT THE ERDDLE EAST INSTITUTE. FEIERSTEIN IS A CAIPLOMAT AND SERVED AS THE PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Schifrin: THE PRESIDENT SAID MOHAMMED BILL SALMAN HAS DENIED ANY INVOLVEMENT AND GAVE AN INTERVIEW WHERE HE CRICID CRITICISM OF SAUDI ARABIA. N SAW POMPEO SMILING WITH MOHAMMAD BIN SALD POMPEO HAS RELEASED THIS STATEMENT, "MY ASSESSMENT FROM THESE MEETINGER IS THAT IS A SERIOUS COMMITMENT TO DETERMINE ALL THE FACTS AND ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY, INCLUDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SAUDI ARABIA'S SENIOR LEADERS OR SENIOR OFFICIALS." DAVID ROTHKOPF, ARE THE SAUDI DENIALS AND THE SAUDI PROMISE TO INVESTIGATE CREDIBLE?

>> WELL, OF COURSE NOT.TH THE SAUDIS AREONES WHO HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF PERPETRATING THIS CRIME. AND IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT A CRIME OF THIS NATURE WOULD BE APPROVED THE HIGHEST LEVEL. SO ESSENTIALLY WHAT POMPEO IS DOING IS POVIDING COVER FR THE SAUDIS TO SAY, YES, WE WILL HAVE A CREDIBLE INVESTIGATION OF OURSELVES. IT REMINDS ME A BIT OF VLADIMIRF PUTIERING TO DO AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RUSSIAN HACK OF THE2016 ELECTION. PETRATORHE PER INVESTIGATE HIMSELF IS NOT A TECHNIQUE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES USE VERY MUCH, BCAUSE IT'S NOT LIKELY TO PRODUCE GOOD OUTCOME. BUT THE PROBLEM IS THAT THE SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HAVE BENT OVER BACKWARD IN THE MEDIA FOR THE ST 48 HOURS TO PROVIDE THE COVER THAT THEO SAUDIS NEED GO FORWARD WITH THIS. IN EFFECT, THE UNITED STATES, THE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY OF STATE ARE PLAYING PRESS OFFICER FOR THE KIG AND THE CROWN PRINCE OF SAUDI ARABIA. S> Schifrin: AMBASSADOR FIERSTEIN, IS IT PSIBLE THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN DID NOT KNOW ABOUT THIS ATTEMPT IN ISTANBUL? REEWELL, AGAIN, I THINK I AG WITH DAVID, AND WHAT I WOULD SAY IS THAT KNOWING WHATE KNOW ABOUT THE WAY THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT HAS BEHAVED OVER THE YEARS, THE WAY IT'S ALWAYS BEEN EXTREMELY HIRE, A CAL, DECISION-MAKING HAS ALWAYS GONE TO VERY SENIOR LEVEL, IT'S HARD TO BELIEVE THAT SOMEBODY WOULD TAKE IT UPON THEMSELVES TO DO SOTHING LIKE EIHER KIDNAP ORAL MURDER JHASHOGGI WITHOUT HAVING DIRECTION FROM THE MOST LEVELS. I THINK IT'S VERY HARD TO BELIEVE THAT THERE'S GOING BE A CREDIBLE STATEMENT THAT COMES OUT OF THIS UNLESS IT ACKNOWLEDGES THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN PERSONALLY HAD SOME KIND OF ROLE IN IT, WHATEVER THEY DECIDE AT THE END.

>> Schifrin: SO QUESTI ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF THIS INVESTIGATION, QUESTIONS ABOUT ETHER MBS, AS HE'S WIDELY KNOWN, DID NOT KNOW ABOUT IS, DAVID ROTHKOPF, HOW MUCH PRESSURE SHOULD THE U.S. PUT ON SAUDI ARABIA, OR SHOULTHE U.S. TRY AND DIFFUSE THIS CRISIS?

>> I THINK THE UNITED STATES SHOULD PUT A LOT OF PRESSURE ON IT BECAUSE THEY HAVE IDENTIFIED THEMSELVESES SO CLOSELY WITH THE CROWN PRINCE AND WITH T SAI GOVERNMENT, AN I THINK OUR INTERNATIONAL STANDING NOW DEPENDS UPON THERE ACTUALLY BEING A CREDIBLE INVESTIGATION. IF THERE IS NOT ONE, OR IF AS SEEMS LIKELY, THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT THE SAUDIADERSHIPDE D AN AMERICAN RESIDENT, PERMANENT RESIDENT OF THE UNITED T ATES AND AN EXR THE "WASHINGTON POST," TO BE MURDERED OR TO BE KIDNAPPED AND I THINK THIS IS, YOU KNOW, KI SD ANGE THAT THE SAUDI DEFENSE, OH, NO, WE DIDN'T ORDERED THEM. WE JUST ORDERED TO HAVE HIM KIDNAPPED, WHICH IS A WEAK DEFENSE. BUT I THINK IF THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT THAT'S THE CASE, THN SANCTIONS ARE IN ORDER. I THINK CALLING BACK AMBASSADORS ARE IN ORDER. I THINK RETHINKING AREAS OF COOPERATION WITH THE SAUDIS IN THE NEAR TERM IS IN ORDER.U' I THINK Y GOT TO PULL EVERYTHING OUT IN ORDER TO SAY TO THEM, LOOK, THIS IS NOT ACCEPTABLE. THIS IS A BRIDGE TOO FAR. WE WILL STAND UP FOR CERTA KINDS PRINCIPLES. UNFORTUNATELY, TH ABSOLUTELY NO EVIDENCE THAT THIS ADMINISTRATION HAS ANY INTENTION OF DOING ANY OF THAT.

>> Schifrin: AMBASSADOR FIERSTEIN, YOU SERVED IN SAUDI ARABIA. YOU SERVED ACROSS TE GULF. SAUDI ARABIA IS IMPORTANT TO U.S. INTERESTS IN THE GULF, RIGHT?

>> SAUDI ARABIA IS AN IMPORTANTE PAFOR THE UNITED STATES IN THE REGION FOR 70 YEARS. WE HAVE CRITICAL INTERESTS THAT WE HAVE ALWAYS PURSUED TOGETHER, THE INTEREST OF A STABLE GLOBAL ENERGYARKET, INTEREST IN REGIONAL SECURITY. THESE ARE AREAS WHERE THE UNITED STATES ANDAUDI ARABIA HAV COOPERATED. YOU CAN GO ALL THE WAY BACK TO E 1950s, THE 1960s. WHAT WE DID TOGETHER IN AFGHANISTAN IN THE 1980s. SO THIS IS A LONGSTANDING RELATIONSHIP. BEYOND THAT, OF COURSE, YOU HAV THE SPECIALS AND OBJECTIVES THAT THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HASD IDENTIF FOR ITS OWN POLICIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST. THERE ARE BASICALLY THREE AREAS WHERE THE ADMINISTRATD N HAS INDICAAT THEY WANT TO MAKE PROGRESS. ONE, OF COURSE, IS THE CONFRONTATION WITH VIOLENT EXTRIST ORGANIZATIONS, PARTICULARLY IN SYRIA AND IRAQ, BUT ALSO YEMEN AND MORE WIELY. SECOND, OF COURSE, IS THE CONFRONTATION WITH IRAN AND THE DESIRE OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TO PUSH BACK ON AN'S REGIONAL AMBITIONS. ITS BALLISTIC MISSE PRRAMS AND THE OTHER ASPECTS THAT ARE OF CONCERN. AND THEN THE THIRD AREA, OF URSE, IS THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN ACCOUNT EDERE JARED MISKIN -- JAR KUSHNER AND JASON GREENBRAT HAVE MADE THIS A PRIORITY. SAUDI ARAB IS AN ESENTIAL PARTNER IN ALL THREE OF THOSE SOME THIS ADMINISTRATION IS ING TO BE EXTREMELY ANXIOUS TO TRY TO PUT THIS STORY BEHIND THEM AND MOVE ON. THE ISSUE, OF COURSE, IS THE CREDIBILITY OF WHAT HAPPENED, BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE IS NOT ONLR DONALDMP AND HIS ADMINISTRATION, IT'S THE HILL. WE HEARD WHAT GRHAM GRAHAM HAD TO SAY. IT IS ALSO THE BROADER PUBLIC.

>> Schifrin: LINDSEY GRAHAM SAID MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN NEEDS TO GO. DOES MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN NEETO GO?

>> I THINK QUITE POSSIBLY HE DOES. THE QUESTION IS: CAN HE REGAIN ANY OF HIS CREDIBILITY? THERE HAVE BEEN A PATTERN OF ABUSES HERE, THE KIDNAPPING OF THE PRIME NISTER OF LEBANON, THE SITUATION IN YEMEN, THERO DING UP OF PRINCES AND OTHERS AND PUTTING THEM INTO THE RITZ-CARLTON. THIS LEADERSHIP OF PARTICULARLY MOMENT BIN SALMAN HAS A LOT OF STABILIZING STEPS THAT THEY'VE TAKEN IN THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS, AND I PNARY THINK IT'S GOING TO BE VERY, VERY DIFFICULT FOR HIM TO RECOVERBI THAT CRETY IN A WAY THAT SERVES THE INTERESTS OF SAUDI ARABIA.

>> Schifrin: DAVID ROTHKOPF, AMBASSADOR JERRY FIERSTEIN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Nawaz: THREE WEEKS FROM TODAY, VOTERS WILL HEAD TO THE POLLS R THE MIDTERM ELECTION. BUT RECENT NEWS OF ALLEGED VOTER SUPPRESSION IN SOME KEY RACES HAS MANY WONDERING IF THEY'RE STILL ABLE TO CAST THEIR BALLOTS.CL TO TAKE ER LOOK AT WHERE VOTING RIGHTS STAND RIGHT NOW, I'M JOINEDY CAROL ANDERSON PROFESSOR OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES AT EMORY UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA. SHE IS AUTHOR OF THE BOOK, "ONE PERSON, NO VOTE: HOW VOTER SUPPRESSION IS DESTROYING OUR DEMOCRACY."RS PROFESSOR AN, WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR. I WANT TO BEGIN BY ASKING YOU ABOUT SOME MORE RET CONVERSATIONS ABOUT VOTER SUPRESSION. THEY TEND TO LOOK BACK AT A0 213 SUPREME COURT DECISION TO ROLL BACK SOME OF THE PROTECTIONS OF E HISTORIC 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT. WHAT'S YOUR TAKE ON HOW SIGNICANT THAT MOVE WAS?

>> OH, THE GUTTING OFHE VOTING RIGHTS ACT IN THE SHELBY COUNTY V. HOLDER DECISION OF 2013 WAS SIGNIFICANT. WE HAD ALREADY HAD THE SEWING OF THE SEEDS OF THE EROSION BEGINNING IN THE 2000 ELECTION WHERE YOU HAD THE LANGUAGE OFAU VOTER FRREALLY COMING TO THE FORETHERE AND THEN BEING EMBEDDED IN FEDAL LAW WITH THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT, ALTHOUGH VOTING FRAUD HAD BEEN DEB BY THE TIME THAT HAD HAPPENED. BUT BY THE TIME WE GET TO THE 2013 ELCTION, THE GROUND HAD REALLY BEEN SEWN FOR THIS. AND IT, IN FACT, JUST LET ALL OF THE KINDS OF VOTING RIGHTS ABUSES RUN LOOSE. WE SEE THAT IN MANY OF THE STATES THAT HAVE BEEN CLEARED, HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN UNDER PRECLEARANCE FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, AND WESO SEE THAT IN STATES THAT HADN'T BEEN PRECLEARED BUT HAD TAKEN ON THE MANTLE OF STOPPING SUPPOSED VOTER FRAUD. E Nawaz: WHEN YOU SAY "PRECLEARANCE," THE STATES THAT HAD A HISTORY OF DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES. THEY NO LONGER HAD TO GET FEDERAL APPROVAL TO CHANGE THOSE RULES. BUT WHEN YOU SAY "SIGNIFICANT," WHO DID IT AFFECT? WHAT POPULATION? HOW MANY POPLE?

>> AND SO WHERE YOU SEE THE EFFECTS REALLY COME FROM WHAT I CALL THE OBAMA COALITION. IN THE 2008 ELECTION, YOU HAD... HE BROUGHT WITH HIS ICRNIBLE GROUND GAME 15 MILLION NEW VOTERS TO THE POLLS, OVERWHELMINGLY AFRICAN AMERICAN, LATINO, ASIAN AMERICAN, YOUNG, AND POOR. WHEN WE BEGIN TO LOOK AT THE VOTER SUPRESSION LAW, THAT'S THE GROUP THAT IS TARGETED. AT IS THE GROUP WHERE ISSUES SUCH AS VOTER I.D., ISSUES SUCH AS CLOSING VOTE VOTING POLLS,ES ISUCH AS VOTER ROLE PURGES, ALL OF THOSE BEGIN TOC TAKE INTO NT AND HIT EACH ONE OF THOSE GROUPS, SOMETIMES SIMULTANEOUSLY, SOMETIMES ONE MORE THAN THE OTERS, BUT TT'S WHERE WE'RE SEEING IT. WE'RE SEEING IT IN TERMS OF, FOR INSTANCE, IN WISCONSIN, WITH THE VOTER I.D. LAW, AFTER THE 2016 ELECTION, A STUDY WAS DONE AND IT WAS FOUND THAT 8% OF WHITES WERE STOPPED FROM VOTING BY THE VOTER I.D. LAW, BUT 27% OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE STOPPED. WE'RE SEEING WITH VOTER ROLL PURGES IN OHIO, FORSTANCE, WHERE TWO MILLION HAVE BEEN PURGED OFF OF THE ROLES -- ROLLS SO FAR, BUT IN ONE OF THOSER MARGE, 25% CAME PRIMARILY SOLELY OUT OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY, WHICH IS CLEVELAND, WHICH HAS A SIZEABLE AFRICAN AONRICAN POPULA

>> Woodruff: .

>> Nawaz: YOU MENTIONED THE VOTER I.D. LAW, VOTER ROLL CHANGES, AS WELL. A LOT OF PEOPLE HERE ARE PUTTING THOSE STEPS INTO PLACE AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL SAYING THESE ARE NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE INTEGRITY OF OUR ELECTIONS. WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE FIR. SO WHY WOULDN'T WE WANT OVOUR R ROLES UPDATED? WHY WOULDN'T WE WANT PEOPLE TO HAVE TO SHOW AN I.D. WHEN THEY VOTE.

>> THAT'S ONE OF THE GREAT WAYS, THE WAY VOT SPRESSION WORKS IS THAT IT SOUNDS REASONABLE UNTIL YOU SEE HOW IT'S OPERATIONALLIZED. AND ALSO WHEN YOU UNDERSTAND, FOR INSTANCE, THAT THE VOTER I.D. IS BASED ON THE LIE OF VOTER FRAUD. WHAT I MEAN IS THAT JUSTIN LEVITT, A PROFESSOR OUT OF CALIFORNIA DID A STUDY, AND FROM 2000 TO 2014, HE COUNTED UP ALL OF THE VOTES IN ALL OF THE ELECTIONS AND CAME TONE BILLION VOTES. OUT OF THAT, HE IDENTIFIED 31 CASES OF VOTER FRAUD. 31 CAS OUT OF ONE BILLION VOTES. THAT'S HARDLY THE MASSIVEER RAMPANT VORAUD THAT WE CONSISTENTLY HEAR AS NEEDING TO HAVE ALL OF THIS PROTECTION VIA VOD., BUT BASED ON THAT LIE OF VOTER FRAUD, AND I SAY THAT LIE BECAUSE EVEN WHEN THE PROPONENTS OF ETER FRAUD AR REALLY CALLED TO BRING OUT THE EVIDENCE OF IT, SUAS CHRIS COBACK OUT OF KANSAS OR GREGORY ABBOTTS,UT OF TEHEY CANNOTAS IDENTIFYVE RAMPANT VOTER FRAUD. AT BEST GREG ABBOTT WAS ABLE TO COME UP WITH TWO CASES IN ALL OF TEXAS. AND SO PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF THE BALLOT BOX THEN IS NOT THE ISSUE, BECAUSE THE BALLOT BOX IS NOT UNDER SIEGE BY VOER FRAUD. AND SO WHAT WE GET THEN IS A KIND O SONDING REASONABLE WITH WE NEED VOTER I.. BUT FOWHAT. AND THE WAY THE VOTER I.D.s ARE CRAFTED IS LIKE NORTH CAROLINA LOOKED AT THE DATA BY RACE AND THE KINDS OF I.D.s THAT AFRICAN-AMERICANS HAD AND DIDN'T HAD AND THEN CRAFTED THE LAW TO GO FOR THE ONES THATE AFRICAN CANS DID NOT HAVE. AND THAT IS WHAT WE'RSEEING. IN ALABAMA, FOR INSTAE, ABAMA SAID A GOVERNMENT-ISSUED PHOTO I.D.

>> Woodruff: PROFESSOR ANDERSON, I'M HEARING YOU SAY THIS IS A PROBLEM AROUND THE COUNTRY THEN, BECAUSE OFTEN WE TALK ABOE IT LI'S IN THE SOUTH. BUT YOU'VE NAMED A NUMBER OF STATES WHERE YOUR STUDIES HAVE SHOWN IS OCCURS. AND WE'LL HAVE THE REEVE IT THERE FOR NOW. PROFESSOCAROL ANDERSONF EMORY UNIVERSITY. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR. TI

>> THANK YOU. Nawaz: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: PRIDENTIAL HISTORIAN MICHA BESCHLOSS DISCUSSES HIS NEW BOOK "PRESIDENTS OF WAR."NS HOW VETERARE USING AGRICULTURE TO REHABILITATE AND START NEW LIVES. PLUS, AN ARTS PROGRAM AIMS TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES ON A NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATION IH DAKOTA. NOW, WE CONTINUE OUR SERIES ON "RETHINKING COLLEGE" WITH A LOOV A A SITY THAT'S REDEFINING WHAT IT MEANS TO BE AN HONORS PROGRAM. HARI SREENIVAS WENT TO NEWARK TO SEE HOW RUTGERS UNIVERSITY IS TAPPING INTO STUDENTS' PASSIONS FOR WORKING ON SOCIAL JUSTICE AS PART OF SPECIAL PROGRAM. IT'S FOR OUR WEEKLY SEGMENT ON EDUCATION, "MAKING THE GRADE."

>> IF YOU DON'T ACCEPT ME, THAT DOESN'T MEAN I'M NOT A MAN.

>> Sreenivasan: 7:00 A.M. IS EARLY FOR ANY COLLEGE STUDENT, AND THESE HONORS STUDENTS HAVE DECIDED TO TAKE ON A COMPLICATED TOPIC: WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A MAN OF CHARACTER.

>> REAL MEN OF CHARACTER ARE NOT AFRAID TO SHARE WHAT THEY'VE BEEN THROUGH.

>> THE TEST OF A MAN, IS THE FIGHT THAT HE MAKES, THE GRIT THAT HE DAILY SHOWS, THE WAY H THSTANDS UPON HIS FEET, AND TAKES LIFE'S NUMEROUS BUMPS AND BLOW

>> Sreenivasan: THE STUDENTS ARE PART OF A NEW SCHOLARS PROGRAM AT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY IN NEWARK, CALLED HONORS LIVING LEARNING COMMUNITY, OR H.L.L.C. PRESSOR TIMOTHY EATMAN IS THEIR DEAN.

>> A MAN WHEN DRIVEN AGAINST THS WALL STANDS ERECT AND HEAD HELD HIGH IS THE MAN WHO WILL WIN.an

>> SreenivHONORS PROGRAMS ARE POPPING UP ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. IT'S A WAY FOR CLEGES TO ATTRACT TOP TALENT. BUT RUTGERS IN NEWARK IS TRYING SOMETHING DIFFERENT. IT'S NOT JUST GREAT GRADES AND TEST SCORES THAT GET A STUDE INTO THE PROGRAM, IT'S ACTUALLY THEIR PASSION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE.

>> Sreenivasan: THE APPLICATION. PROCESS FOR H.C. IS TOUGH AND COMPETITIVE. LAST YEAR, 1200 STUDENTS APPLIED FOR 80 POSITIONS. APPLICANTS ARE INTERVIEWED FOR SEVERAL HOURS, FIRST IN GROUPS AND ONE ON ONE IF THEY MOVE FORWD.

>> WELCOME TO THE H.L.L.C. WOMEN OF COLOR SPACE.

>> Sreenivasan: PROFESSOR MARTA ESQUILIN, AN ASSOCIATE DEAN OF THE NEW PROGRAM, SAYS HONORS STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO CHOOSE CAREERS THAT IMPROVE SOCIETY NOT JUST ONES THAT MAKE MONEY.

>> WE'RE REVOLUTIONIZING HONORS. AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR US IS IDENTIFYING STUDENTS WHO WE REALLY BELIEVE ARE GOING TO BE CHANGE-MAKERS AND CHANGE-AGENTSR IN OUR. THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT ANORS, IS REALLY LIMITED. USUALLY PEOPLE THIUT S.A.T. SCORES. BUT YOU NEED A LOT MORE THAN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL ON A TEST TO CHANGE THE WORLD.

>> WHY DO WE WANT CHANGE-MAKERS?

>> Sreenivasan: NANCY CANTOR IS THE CHANCELLOR OF RUTGERSIV SITY-NEWARK.

>> LOOK WHAT THEY'RE INHERITING. THEY'RE INHERITING A WORLD WHERE ON THE ONE HAND THE ECONOMY'S IN GREAT SHAPE AND INEQUALITY IS EXPANDING HUGELY. THEY'RE INHERITING A WORLD WHERE THERE'S AN ARCHITECTURE OF SEGREGATION IN CITS LIKE NEWARK AND COMMUNITIES ALL OVER THIS COUNTRY WHERE PEOPL LITERALLY ARE LIVING IN DOUBLE SEGREGATION OF CLASS AND RACE. I LIKE TO THINK OF IT AS AN INCUBATION SPACE TO THINK ABOUT HOW TO CREATE A DIFFERENT WORLD THAN THE ONE WE'RE LIVING IN NOW.

>> LET'S START WITH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RACE AND ETHNICITY.

>> Sreenivasan: HONORS LIVING LEARNING STUDENTS STUDY A RIETY OF DISCIPLINES BUT ALL ARE REQUIRED TO EARN A MINOR IN SOCIAL JUSTICE. THEY TAKE SPECIAL COURSES, LIKE THIS ONE, CALLED NEGOTIATING SPACES, PLACES AND IDENTITY, TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR ESQUILIN.

>> IT'S ABOUT CONNECTING EFFECTIVELY WITH PEOPLE ACROSS COMMUNITY WHO ARE DIFFERENT AND IF I EFFECTIVELY KNOW HOW TO NAVIGATE LOTS OF COMMUNITIES AND LOTS OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE. HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE YOU SEEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES THAT STEP INTO LANDMINES?ME ALL THE BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT CULTURALLY COMPETENT. OO STAND TO YOUR FEET IF YOU WENT TO HIGH SCHIN THE CITY OF NEWARK.

>> Sreenivasan: ON THIS DAY, INS A TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR EATMAN, CALLED LOCAL CITIZENSHIP IN A GLOBAL WORLD, HONOR STUDENTS DISCUSS NEWARK'S HIGH POVERT PUBLIC SCHOOLS.RMING

>> WE WANTO CREATE A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WHATT MEANS TO NAVIGATE THIS TYPE OF SCHOOLING, WHAT THE IMPLICATIONS ARE FOR IDEOLOGY, AND POLITICAL ONOMY.

>> Sreenivasan: NEARLY 50% OF THE HONORS STUDENTS ARE BORN AND RAISED IN NEWARK, A CITY WHERE ONLY 14% OF THE POPULATION HAS A BACHELOR'S DEGREE.

>> MY MISSION IS TO EMPOWER THE YOUTH, TO GIVE THEM OPPORTUNITY, SO I CAN BE A VOICE FOR THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: FOR MANY, A REASONG NEWARK I THEY APPLIED TO THE HONORS PROGRAM.

>> MY SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUE IS THE BLACK AND BROWN YOUTH ARE SORT OF SEEN AS UNEDUCATED, CRIMINAL, AND JUST LIKE THAT CAN'T BE SUCCESSFUL.

>> Sreenivasan: STACY TYNDALL IS A JUNIOR MAJORING IN CRIMINAL AWSTICE. SHE HOPES TO GO TOCHOOL.

>> I ULTIMATELY WANT TO BE A JUDGE. THAT'S MY ENDING GOAL. I WANT SEAT. A THERE IN THE I WANT TO BEE TO GIVE BACK, ESPECIALLY TO YOUTH, I WANT TO BE WITH JUVENILES, BECAUSE THAT HITS HOME TO ME, AND THAT'S MY HEART.

>> Sreenivasan: TYNDALL ISLL CONFIDENT SHTAY IN NEWARK.

>> NEWARK IS WHERE I WAS RAISED. NEWARK IS WHERE I LEARNED ABOUT THESE ISSUES. NEWARK IS WHERE I SATHESE ISSUES. WARK IS WHERE I'LL STAY.

>> Sreenivasan: TYREEK ROLON IS ALSO AN H.L.L.C. HONOR STUDENT. HE WAS A BASKETBALL STAR IN HIGH SCHOOL WHO BOMBED HIS S.A.T. TEST MAKING M INELIGIBLE FOR COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIPS. AFTER HIGH SCHOOL HE SOLD COCAINE, AND WT TO PRISON FOUR YEARS. LUW AT 33, TYREEK SAYS HE WANTS TO BE PART OF THE ON. HE MENTORS HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT NEWARK'S WEST SIDE HIGH SCHOOL.

>> WHEN I WAS LOCKED UP, I'M TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT AM I GOING TO DO? AND HOW AM I GOING DO IT?

>> Sreenivas: HIS ULTIMATE GOAL IS TO GET A MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC POLICY AND TACKLE INJUSTICES THAT AFFECT THE FORMERLY INCARCERATED. LIKE LAWS THAT BAN THEM FROM RETURNING TO SUBSIDIZED HOUSING.

>> HALF OF NEW JERSEY, 50% OFRS NEW 'S HOMELESS POPULATION IS THAT OF PREVIOUSLY INCARCERATED PEOPLE. SO WHAT HAPPENS IS, CONVICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW Y TO LIVE IN PUBLIC HOUSING, THE LAW SAYS THAT I CAN'T COME BACK HOME, IF I'M HOMELESS, I'M PRETTY MUCH GOING TO BE JOBLESS, SO I WANT W CHANGE THAT LAW.

>> Sreenivasan: RE LOOKING AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE, WHAT GOES IN? H.L.L.C. CURRENTLY HAS 222 T STUDENTS AND UNIVERSITY IS BUILDING A NEW DORM TO HOUSE THE EXPANDING PROGRAM. AND WHILE THE NUMBERS REMAIN SMALL, THEUTCOMES SO FAR ARE PROMISING.

>> WE HAD 13 GRADUATES THIS AR. OF THE 13, 11 GRADUATED SUMMA CUM LAUDE. TWO OF THEM WERE MAGNA CUM LAUDE, AND ONE WAS CUM LAUDE. AND THE TWO THAT DIDN'T MAKE IT OF THE 13 WERE JUST AT THE THRESHOLD.

>> TO BE EARLY IS TO BE ON TIME, TO BE ON TIME IS TO BE LATE, T BE LATE IS SIMPLY UNACCEPTABLE FOR AN H.L.L.C. SCHOLAR.

>> Sreenivasan: IN NEWARK, FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Nawaz: ON OUR BOOKSHELFTO GHT, AUTHOR AND PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN MICHAEL BESCHLOSS SAT DOWN WITH JUDY WOODRUFF RECENTLD CUSS HIS LATEST BOOK, "PRESIDENTS OF WAR."

>> Woodruff: MICHAEL BESCHLOSS, WELCOME. THE BOOK ISES "PENTS OF WAR: THE EPIC STORY OF 18 07 TO MODERN TIMES." WE KNOW IT'S PRESIDENTS OF WARAN NOT AT WAR. THERE IS A REASON FOR THAT.

>> THERE IS, BECAUSE A LOT OF THIS IS PRESIDENTS DECIDING TO GO TO WAR AND NOT ALWAYS THE WAY YOU THINK. I TRY TO TELL THIS STORY IN A NEW WAY FROM BEGNING TO END, AND THERE ARE A LOT OF TIMES WHEN PRESIDENTS GOT US INTO WARS THAT WERE NO NECESSARY AND WERE BASED ON FALSE REASONS, FORST CE, JAMES POLK CONTRIVED AN ATTACK BY THE MEXICANS AGAINST US MAINLY BECAUSE HE WANTED A BIG WAR AGAINST MENTION DOE EXPAND THE COUNTRY TO THE PACIFIC, OR WILLIAM McKINLEY IN THE 1890s, THE AMERICAN SHIP "THE MAINE" WAS SUNK OFF HAVANA. WE WENT INTO AA BIGR AGAINST SPAIN. TURNS OUT IT WAS A BOILER ACDENT, NOT THE SPNISH.

>> Woodruff: WHY IS THE DECISION TO GO TO WAR SO IMPORTANT TO YOU IN UNDERSTANDING THESE PRESIDENTS?

>> THAT'S WHAT THE FOUNDERS WERE WORRIED ABOUT MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE WHEN THEY WROTE THE CONSTITUTION THEY WERE WORIED THE PRESIDENTS WOULD BE LIKE THE KINGS OF EUROPE TO CONTRIVE FAKE WARS WHEN THEY WERE UNPOPULAR TO UNITE THCOUNTRY AND MAKE THEM A LOT MORE POPULAR THAN THEY HAD BEEN BEFORE. THE IDEA OF THE CONSTITUTION WAS THAT PRESIDENTS WOULD HAVE ALMOST NIHING TO DO WTH THE DECLARING OF WAR AND YOU LOOK YT 20S LATER, PRESIDENTS NOWADAYS CAN GET US INTO WARS ALMOST SINGLE-HANDEDLY.dr

>> Wf: AND HOW WERE THEY ABLE TO DO THAT? YOU'RE RIGHT, THE FOUNDERS TRIED TO MAKE IT HARD TO DO, BUT THEY FOUND A WAY TO GET ARUND THAT.

>> PRESIDENTS BASICALLY NOW WILL ASK FOWARS AND NOEN GO TO CONGRESS. FOR INSTANCE, THE CONSTITUTION SAYS YOU HAVE TO GET A WAR DECLARATION. THE LAST TIME CONGRESDECRE WAR WAS 1942, WE'VE BEEN IN A COUPLE WARS SINCE THEN. >>oodruff: YOU POI OUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESIDENTS WHO MADE THOSE DECISIONS WISELY. WHE WAS DIFFERENT ABOUT T PRESIDENTS WHO DIDN'T HANDLE THOSE DECISIONS WELL?

>> THERE HAS BEEN A LOTF LYING IN AMERICAN HISTORY. I REGRET TO REPORT, ESPIALLY BY PRESIDENTS. LYNDON JOHNSON, WHO WAS SO WONDERFUL ON CIVIL RIGHTS AND MEDICARE, FOR INSTANCE, 1964, THERE WAS A REPORTED TACK IN THE GULF OF TONKIN. JOHNSON WENT TO CONGRESS AND SAUD WE NEED A RESOLION THAT WILL GIVE ME AUTHORITY TO RESPOND, AND FOUND OUT A COUPLE WEEKS LATER THAT THE WAS NO ATTACK AT ALL. NEVERTHELESS, LYNDON JOHNSON AND RICHARD NICKON WAGED THIS TRAGIC WAR IN VIETNAM FOR A DECADE BASED ON AN INCIDENT THAT NEVER OCCURRED.

>> Woodruff: SO ARE THERE QUALITIES OF CHARACTER THAT SET PRESIDENTS APART WHO MADE THE DECISION WISELY? HOW MUCH DIFFERENCE DOES THAT MAKE?

>> CHARACTER IS WHAT SINGLE OUT THE WORCESTER OF WAR PRESIDENTS. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, WHEN SO MANY AMERICANS WERE BEING KILLED FROM THE MORT, ORDERED A CEMETERY BUILT NEAR HIS SUMMER HOUSE TO MAKE SURE THAT HE WOULD SEE THE COFFINS BEING LOWER INTO GRAVES. IT WAS PAINFUL TO HIM, BUT HE DIDN'T WANT TO BE SEPARATED FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF THESE TERRIBLE DECISIONS HE WAS MAf:NG.

>> WoodrOU MAKE NEWS WITH A NUMBER OF -- WITH THE RESULTS OF THIS INCREDIBLE ISEARCH YOU'VE DONE OVERE, MICHAEL. ONE DISCLOSURE THAT HAS GOTTEN ATTENTION MOST REENTLY IS LETTING US KNOW THAT LYNDON JOHNSON PREVENTED NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM BEING PLACED IN VIETNAM. WE DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIS BEFORE YOUR WORK.

>> RIGHT. NEVER THOUGHT I'DT A SUNDAY "NEW YORK TIMES" PAGE-ONE STORYH WRITIN OLD HISTORY BOOK, BUT LBJ IN8 196D BEEN ASKED BY HIS COMMANDER IN VIETNAM, WILLIAM WESTMORELAND TO MOVE TACTICAL WEAPONS INTO SOUTH VIETNAM FOR POSSIBLE USE IN CASE STTHE AMERICANS LOHE BATTLE. JOHNSON, WHO HAD MADE SOME TERRIBLY MISTAKEN DECISIONS IN VIETNAM, TO HIS ETERNAL CREDIT SAID, NOT .T ALL SHUT DOWN THE PLANNING. TAKE THOSE DOCUMENTS, PUT THEM IN A SAFE, AN THRE IN A SAFE FOR ABOUT A HALF CENTURY, WHICH IS HOW I GOT SOME OF THEM FOR THE FIRST TIME ABLE TO WRITE ABOUT THEM LATER ON. LYNDON JHNSON'S GREAT DEED IN VIETNAM THAT WE REALLY DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT, HE KEPT THAT WAR FROM POSSIBLY GOING NUC,LE COULD HAVE INVOLVED RUSSIA AND CHINA, COULD HAVE INVOLVED THE SATE OF THE EARTH OVER TH CIVIL WAR IN VIETNAM.

>> Woodruff: ONE OF THE MOSTBL MEMOOBSERVATIONS YOU MAKE, YOU WRITE ABOUT IT AT THE END OF THE IFOK, YOU SAI THE FOUNDING FATHERS CAME BACK TODAY, WHAT WOULD THEY THINK? T THEY WOULD BNDER STRUCK TO DISCOVER THE LIFE OR DEATH OF O MOTHE HUMAN RACE HAS COME TO DEPEND ON THE CHARACTER OF THE ONE PERSON WHO OCCUPIES THE ERICAN PRESIDENCY. THAT'S SOBERING.

>> AND THAT'S TRUE. THAT'S THE CHOICE WE MAKE.E YOU KNOW, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CAN MAKE A DECISION ABOUT FIRING NUCLEAR WEAPONS THAT CONCEIVABLY COULD KILL A MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE ON EARTH. THAT'S THE KIND OF POWER THAT'S GONE TO ONE INDIVIDUAL. THE FOUNDERS WERTERRIFIED OF SOMETHING LIKE THAT. THEY TRIED TO WRITE A CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD NOT DEPEND ON THE PRESIDENT BEING SOMEONE OF GREAT JUDGMENT AND CHARACTER, BECAU AS YOU REMEMBER, THEY ALL FELT THAT NOT ALL HUMAN BEINGS WERE ANGELS.

>> Woodruff: WHAT ARE THE QUALITIES AMERINS LOOK FOR IN A PRESIDENT WHO IS GOING TO... IF THERE IS A DECISION TO GO TO WAR, IT'S A DECISION THAT'S BEEN CAREFULLY THOUGHT THROUGH, ANDIT TRULY IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

>> Woodruff: YOU HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT IF A PRESIDENT ASKS US FOR WAR, ANDEA PRE WILL YET AGAIN, HOPEFULLY NOT SOON, IT HAS TO BE FOR SOMETHING THAT'S ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL FOR OUR NATIONAL INTERESTS. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAVE TO SUPPORT IT UNITED, AND THERE CAN'T BE ANY LIES TOLD ABOUT THE CAUSE.

>> Woodruff: FINALLY, I HAVE TO ASK THIS: SINCE THE UNITEDBE STATES HASN' SEEN AS WINNING A WAR SINCE WORLD WAR II, WHAT DOES THAT SAY ABOUT EITHER THE AMERICAN CHARACTER, AMERICAN LEADERSHIP, THE AMERICAN MILITARY THIS DID YOU DRAW ANYONCLUSIONS ABOUT THAT?

>> THE AMERICAN MILITARY, AMERICAN SOLDIERS ARE FIRST CRATE. THEY AY -- COURAGEOUS. WE HAVE SEEN SO MANY EXAMPLES OF WONDERFUL PERFORMANCE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. IT IS OUR LEADERS WHO HAVE LET US DOWN. AND THEY HAVE LET US DOWN BY IGNORING T T LESSONS OFHE FOUNDERS, WHICH IS YOU WANT GREAT DECISIONS ON WAR, MAKER SURE AIDENT GOES TO CONGRESS, IF HE WANTS WAR, IT'S DEBATED, THEY ASK HIM, HOW LONG IS IT GOING TO TAKE, WHAT'S YOUR PLAN, WHAT'S THE WORST THAT CAN HAEN SO THAT IF WARHEN COMES AFTER A WAR DECLARATION, CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT HAVE DONE IT TOGETHER. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE UNDERSTAND IT, AND THEREFORE IF THERE IS A WAR THAT GOES ON FOR A PERIOD OF TIME, PEOPLE ARE LIKELY TO SUPPORT IT. THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN ANYMORE.

>> Woodruff: MICHAEL BOSCHLOSS, "PRESIDENTS OF WAR," IT IS A REMARKABLK. THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU SO NEW, JUDY. E

>> Nawaz: TONIGHT WITH TWO STORIES ABOUT LIFE IN RURAL AMERICA. NGRESS FAILED TO PASS A FARM BILL AHEAD OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. ONE POTENTIAL CASUALTY IF IT DOES NOT PASS: A DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM HELPING WARA VETENS TRANSITION TO FARMING. MIKE CERRE HAS THIS REPORT FROM CALIFORNIA.

>> GROWING UP MY GRANDPA WAS A FARMER IN MEXICO. M MY DAD ANDMOM AND MY MY DAD WORKED FOR A FARMER AS A TRACTOR OPERATOR AND MY MOMD EN I WAS 12 YEARS OLD I STARTED WORKING WITH MY MOM IN THE FIELDS.

>> Reporter: FORMER ARMY AIRB JAUREGUI'S FARMING AMBITIONS WERE SIDETRACKED BY THIS I.E.D. EXPLOSION IN AFGHANISTAN ON HIS FOURTH COMBAT TOUR OF DUTY.

>> AND AS A RESULT I LOST BOTH MY LEGS TWO FINGERTIPS TOOK SOME SHRAPNEL WOUNDS TOY RIGHT FOREARM LOST MY HEARING ON MY RIGHT SIDE. AND HERE I AM NOW.

>> Reporter: UNABLE TO D TRADITIONAL FARMING, HE'S STARTED A BEE KEEPING BUSINESS IN HIS HOMETOWN OF WOODLAND, CALIFORNIA WITH THE HELP OF NON- PROFITETERANS GROUPS A SMALL GRANT FROM TRMER VETERANS COALITION" HELPED HIM WITH HIS BEEHIVES. THE ST HE'S DONE ON HIS OWN WITH HIS DISABILITY INSURANCE PAYOUT AND NO OTHER GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE.

>> WHENEVER I STARTED LOOKING INTO ALL THIS STUFF ABOUT FARMING AND I STARTED LOOKING INTO PROGRAMS THAT COULD POTENTIALLY HELP ME OUT. I DIDN'T FIND ANY.

>> Reporter: NOR COULD MIKE O'GORMAN, A CAREER FARMER, FIND A VETERANS GROUP HELPING FARMERS SO HE STARTED ONE: THE FARMER VETERANS COALITION, AFTER READING A STUDY ON WAR CAUSALITIES DEMOGRAPHICS.

>> IT SHOWED FOR THE FIRST TIME THE DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER OF THOSE THAT WERE KILLED IN ACTION IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN DURING CASUALTIES THAT THE ALL VOLUNTEER POST 9/11 MILITARY WAS DISPROPORTIONATELY COMING FROM OUR MOST RURAL COMMUNITIES.

>> Reporter: RECENT VETERANS GOING INTO FARMING ARE THE REA"" ONE PERCENTERS." SE LESS THAN 1% OF AMERIC SERVING IN THE MILITARY OR THE LESS TN 1% STILL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE, THE LOWEST RATES FOR BOTH IN THE COUNTRY'S HISTORY. AND AS SUCH THEIR NEEDS CONNECT WITH SEVERAL NATIONAL TERESTS. BILL ASHTON, A RETIRED NAVAL OFFICER, IS NOW THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR FOR THE U.S.D.A.'S NEW MILIRY AND VETERANS AGRICULTURE OUTREACH PROGRAM. HIS NEW MISSION: HELP VETERANS FILL THE SHRINKING RANKS OF OLDER AMERICAN FARMERS WHO HAVE BEEN AGING OUT OF AGRICULTURE WITH YOUNGER VETERANS.

>> THE RECENT SURVEY THAT WE HAVE HERE AT U.S.D.A. HAS THE AVERAGE AGE OF A FARMER BEING 58 YEARS OLD AND WE'RE OUT THERE ABOUT A QUARTER OF ALL VETERANS CAME FROM AND ARE LIVING IN RURAL AMERICA.

>> I HAD HARDLY EVER SEEN A COW BEFORE I INVESTED IN THIS AND IT'S BEEN A LEARNING EXPERIENCE SINCE DAY ONE.

>> Reporter: FORMER ARMY RANGER JOSHUA EILERS STARTED RANGER CATTLE NEAR AUSTIN, TEXAS WITH HELP FROM HIS LOCAL U.S.D.A. OFFICER REPRESENTATIVE REUBEN HERNANDEZ.

>> WE TALKED ABOUT SOME FARM ORANS HE'S ABLE TO QUALIFY LOW INTEREST LOANS.

>> Reporter: SINCE TRADITIONAL FARM CREDIT PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED MORE FOR EXISTING AND LARGER FARM OPERATIONS, THE FARMER VETERANS COALITION IS HELPING THE U.S.D.A. DEVELOP SMALR, MICRO-LOANS WITH LESS FEWER REDUCED EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR VETERANS MORE SSLIKELY TO BE STARTING LE TRADITIONAL AG BUSINESSES.

>> WHAT WE STARTED REALLY SMALL AND WE CROWD SOURCED OUR ARE OUR START UP MONEY. WE PUT A GO FUND ME PAGE ON THE INTERNET. WE WENT ON FACEBOOK AND BASICALLY BEGGED OUR FRIENDS AND RELATIVES FOR MONEY AND PEOPLE CAME THROUGH.

>> Reporter: MARINE VETERAN CAL ZAMORA AND HIS WIFE AUBRIETTA STARTED THEIR FLOWER BUSINESS ON LAND LEASED FROM A LOCAL INCUBATOR FARM AFTER RECEIVING A WORKSTUDY SCHOLARSHIP.

>> CALND I BOTH WERE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR LAND-BASED LEARNING'S CALIFORNIA FARM ACADEMY, AND THAT PROGRAM GIVES US ACCESS TO LAND AT A HIGHLY SUBSIDIZED RATE.

>> Reporter: IT'S OVER A 100 DEGREES OUT HERE AND YOU'RE STILL WORKING.

>> WHEN I WAS IN IRAQ IT WAS COOLING DOWN AT 115 THAT WAS A GOOD DAY.

>> Reporter: SEVERAL VETERANS GROUPS HAVE DEVELOPED THEIR OWN AG TRAINING PROGRAMS LIKE THIS HYDROPONIC ONE FARM NEAR CAMP PENDLETON, CALIFORNIA CALLED ARCHIE'S ACRES. IT WAS STARTED BY FORMER MARINE COLIN ARCHIPLEY AND HIS WIFE KAREN AFTER HIS LAST DEPLOYMENT TO IRAQ TO HELP OTHER VETS MAKE THE TRANSITION TO FARMING SMOOTHER THAN THEIR OWN.

>> GOOD MORNING EVERYBODY. IS DIFFICULT AND THERE IXE RISKS INVOLVED.

>> Reporter: A S WEEK INTENSIVE COURSE THE ARCHIPLEYS RUN WITH CAL POLY-POMO UNIVERSITY ITHE SUBJECT OF THE RMDOCUMENTARY "THE F" IT'S PT HYDROPONIC FARMING BOOT CAMP AND PART "THE APPRENTICE" MEETS "SHARK TANK" FOR ASPIRING VETERAN FARMERS WHO PRESENT THEIR BUSINESSLANS AT THE END OF THE COURSE.

>> FOR PROBLEM SOLVERS LIKE WAR FIGHTERS OFF THE BATTLEFIELDHO EVALUATE THE BATTLE SPACE AND THEN IMAGINE HOW TO DEAL WITH THOSE THREATS. IT'S KIND OF THE SAME THING WE'RE TRYING TO TAP INTO WHEN IT LOOKS AT AGRICULTURE. THERARE TON OF CHALLENGES.

>> Reporter: MATT SMILEY, AN ARMY MEDIC IN IRAQ TURNED FARM MANAGER, WAS DRAWN TO AGRICULTURE BY IT'S APEUTIC BENEFITS FOR VETERANS, DOCUMENTED BY A RECENT V.A. STUDY OF VETERANS SUFFERING FROM THE EFFECTS OF P.T.S.D. COMING BACK HERE AND BEING ABLE TO TEACH VETERANS HOW TO FARM THU KNOW FIND SOMETHING THAT IS SIMILAR TO WHAT DONE CAN MAYBE GIVE THEM SOME PEACE.

>> Reporter: KEEPING TO THE MILITARY TRADITION OF TAKIN CARE OF THEIR OWN, VETERAN FARMERS ARE COLLECTIVELY BRANDING THEIR PRODUCTS UNDER THE "HOMEGROWN BY HEROES" LABEL TO PROMOTE THEIR NEW CAREERS IN AGRICULTURE.

>> AFTER I GOT HURT I HAVE TWOOI CES. I CAN EITHER SIT AND WHINE ABOUT MY SITUATI TRY TO MAKE A FULL HOUSE OUT OFD IT YOU KNOW.

>> Reporter: FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, MI CERRE REPORTINGLI FROM NORTHERN RNIA.

>> Nawaz: ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION IN SOUTHA, ABOUT HALF OF ALL NATIVE SEUSEHOLDS DEPEND ON HOME- ENTERPSES FOR INCOME. BUT MANY ARTISTS LIVING ON THE RESERVATION CK TRANSPORTATION, FORMAL TRAINING AND WAYS TO MEET BUYERS. JEFFREY BROWN REPORTS ON A MOBILE EFFORT THAT IS TACKLING THESE CHALTRNGES WITH A ITTED BUS. IT'S PART OF OUR SERIES "AMERICAN CREATORS."

>> Brown: IT'S CALLED THE" :ROLLING REZ ARTS BUS" PART ART CENTER, SCHOOL, BANK,NC AND BUSINESSATOR, ROLLING THROUGH THIS SPRAWLING SECTION OF SOUTHWESTN SOUTH DAKOTA.

>> THE ART IS WHAT BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER.

>> Brown: FILMMAKER AND PAINTER BRYAN PARKER MANAGES THE ROLLING REZ ARTS PROGRAM FOR THE NONPROFIT "FIRST PEOPLES FUND," WHICH LAUNCHED THE BUS IN 2016 WITH GRANTS FROM THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS AND OTHER FOUNDATIONS. IT'S A SIMPLE IDEA: USING CONVERTED AIRPORT SHUTTLE BUS AS A MEANS TO REACH AND HELP INDIGENOUS ARTISTS IN SOME OF THE POOREST COUNTIES IN THE NATION SKETCH OUT NEW CAREER PATHS.

>> HAVING YOU KNOW, THOSE RESOURCES, AND THOSE OPPORTUNITIES, YOU KNOW, LETS THEM KNOW THAT, OKAY, WE CAN. I CAN TAKE MYSELF A LITTLE BIT MORE SERIOUSLY. AND I CAN Y TO ACTUALLY DO IS AS A BUSINESS. I CAN TRY TO BE A PROFESSIONAL ARTIST.

>> Brown: PINE RIDGE IS: ENORMO3,000 SQUARE MILE RESERVATION. ARID LANDS LONG PLAGUED BY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT AND FEW ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES. SO HOW HD IS IT TO SURVIVE AS AN ARTIST LIVINGERE?

>> I WOULD SAY ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES IS THE DISTANCE. AND, YOU KNOW--

>> Brown: JUST HOW BIG THIS PLACE IS, HOW HARD TO GET AROUND?

>> YEAH HOW BIG, HOW RURAL I IS, THERE'S NOT A LOT OF SO, THE OPPORTUNITIES BECOME LESS BECAUSE THEISTANCE IS SO EAT.

>> Brown: A RECENT STUDY SHOWED THAT MOST TIVE ARTISTS LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE AND MORE THAN 60% OF ARTIRES STARTING OUT RT INCOMES OF LESS THAN $10,000 A YEAR. H WE'RE LIVING IN EXTREME POVERTY CONDITIONSERE, 60 TO 70% UNEMPLOYMENT.

>> Brown: GUS YELLOW HAIR IS A LONGTIME ARTIST LIVING AND WORKING ON PINE RIDGE. HE NOW TEACHES BOTH TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY ART CLASSES ABOARD THE ROLLING REZ BUS.

>> OUR CULTURE AT ONE TIME WAS A VERY MOBILE CULTURE. THEY CALLED US, YOU KNOW, THE WARRIORS OF THE PLAIING A VERY MOBILE, LIGHTWEIGHT. SO I THINK THAT'S WHAT ROLLING REZ ART BRINGS TECHNOLOGY, THE COMPUTER, YOU KNOW, THE SUPPLIES, THE KNOWLEDGE, INTO THE COMMUNITIES, AND PRIDING THAT TO OUR COMMUNITY MEMBERS. VERY IMPORTANT.

>> Brown: CLASSES ON THE BUS AHI OPEN TO BOTHREN AND ADULTS IN ALL SKILL LEVELS. LESSONS SO FAR HAVUDED BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY, ALTERNATIVE PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES, AND TRADITIONAL QUILL AND BEADWORK.T WE WATCHED YELLOW HAIR GIVE A LESSON TO DONALD BRAVE IN THE USE OF RAWDE, ANIMAL SKIN, ONE OF THE EARLIEST CANVASSES USED BY LAKOTA ARTISTS. AND ON MORE PRACTICAERS, FROM PRICING TO SHIPPING.

>> YOU GOT TO THINK ABOU YOU'RE GOING TO SHIP YOUR ART YOU HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT IT'S PACKAGED SAFELY SO IT ARRIVES IN ONE PIECE.

>> Brown: ROLLING REZ PU THE FOCUS ON MAKING A LIVING AS WELL AS MAKING ART.

>> YOU CAN CREATE THE BIGGERIT S, YOU KNOW, LIKE THE HUGE PAINTINGS, OR WHATEVER IT IS THAT YOU'RE DOING, BUT YOU WANT TO ME SMALL ITEMS AS WELL, THE 10, $20, LOWER END ITEMS, BECAUSE PEOPLE MIGHT BE JU PASSING THROUGH, YOU KNOW,

>> Brown: EVEN 10, $20 CAN MEAN A LOT?

>> YOU KNOW, EVERY LITTLE BIT HELPS HERE ON PINE RIDGE.

>> Brown: BRAVE IS EAGER TO WORK WITH OLDER ARTISTS HERE. HE'S EARLY IN HIS CAREER AND ITU S OUT JUST SOLD HIS FIRST PIECE OF ARTWORK, FOR $50.

>> I'M HOPING TO TELL A STORY WITH MY ART. YOU KNOW, I WANT TO INSTILL THE VALUES AND MORALS OF LAKOTA CULTURE INTO MY ARTWORK.IT NOT AT THAT STAGE YET, BUT IT WILL BE. IO Brown: BEYOND TRANSPORT AND TRAINING, THE PROJECT ALSO OFFERS BANKING SERVICES THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE LAKOTA SHAYNA FERGUSON IS A MANAGER AND LOAN OFFICER.

>> MOSOF OUR PEOPLE ON THE RESERVATION ARE UNBANKED OR UNDERBANKED. Brown: UNBANKED?

>> NEVER HAD AN ACCOUNT. WE DID SURVEYS WHEWE FIRST STARTED AND 60% OF EVERYBODY HAS NEVER HAD AN ACCOUNT BEFORE, THEY WEREN'T FAMILIAR WITH THE CONCEPT OF BANKING, AND SAVING MONEY, OR JUST DEPOSITING, OR BALANCING A CHECKBOOK. YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO GET OUR MEMBERS T OF THE IDEA OF HIDING MONEY IN YOUR IN YOUR SHOES, IN YOUR CLOSET.

>> Brown: LAKOTA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION NOW HAS MORE THAN 25 MEMBERS, AND IS HELPING ARTISTS ON PINE RIDGE ESTABLISH CREDIT.

>> THEY CAN DEFINITELY COME HERE FOR A LOAN.YO ESPECIALLYKNOW, AN ARTIST STARTING OUT, MAYBE THEY WANT TO EVENTUALLY MOVE ONTO STUFF LIKE HAVING YOU KNOW, A VEHICLE, TRANSPORTATION TO GETTING AROUND, TO DELIVERING YOUR ATGRK, OR EVEN JUST SHOWCAS ARTWORK. THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP HERE BECAUSE I KNOW THAT'S NOT READILY AVAILABLE.

>> Brown: BACK ON THE BUS, I ASKED GUS YELLOW HAIR WHREART INS IMPORTANT ON PINE RIDGE.

>> SO EVERY CULTURE HAS, HAD STORIES, THEY HAVE ART, THEY HAVE WAYS OF EXPRESSINGSE THES, AND TELLING ABOUT THEIR HISTORY. AND SO THAT'S WHY I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT FOR ARTISTS HERE, ON PINE RIDGE, TO BE ABLE TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES, TO TELL WHOI WE ARE AS A OF PEOPLE, AND THAT WE HAVE A HISTORY, AS WELL. 6>> Brown: THE NEXT STEP: THE FIRST PEOPLES FUND, JUST BROKE N OUND ON A NEW ARTS CENTER. TO EXPAND ITS WORKTISTIC AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION.E FOR S NEWSHOUR, I'M JEFFREY BROWN ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA.

>> Nawaz: NOW ONLINE, "THAT MOMENT WHEN," NEWSHOUR'S NEW THIS WEEK, COUPLES THERAPISTAT ESTHER PEREL ON THAT MOMENT SHE REALIZED HOW HER PARENTS' SURVIVAL OF THE HOLOCAUST SHAPED FIND THE SERIES ONLINE AT facebook.com/thatmomentwhenshow AND CLICK LIKE FOR ALERTS TO NEW AND THAT'SHE NEWSHOUR FOR NIGHT. I'M ANMA NAWAZ. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.

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>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org ♪ - This week I travel to C ang Mai, Thailand, with Andy Ricker of Pok Pok Restaant fame. The first restaurant we go to is Jok Sompet. r It's aice porridge place. In fact, we do a great Thai rice soup there. Then we make a Thai beef salad with steak, cilantro, mint, and a sweet and sour sauce. And finally we go to my favorite named restaurant of all time, which is the Hot Basil Restaurant For People Who Like Spicy Food,