PBS NewsHour; October 9, 2018 6:00pm-7:01pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, STEPPING DOWN-- AMBASSADOR TO ALE UNITED NATIONS NIKKI H ANNOUNCES HER RESIGNATION, E RKING THE LATEST HIGH RANKING OFFICIAL TO LEAVE UMP ENMINISTRATION. BRACING FOR "MICHAEL." AT LEAST THREE STATES DECLARE EMERGENCIES AS A FAST MOVING HURRICANE BARRELS TOWARD THE GULF COAST. AND, AS BRETT KAVANAUGH'S TENURE ON THE SUPREME COURT BEGINS, WE TAKE A LOOK AT HOW THE CONFIRMATION BATTLE IS PLAYING ON THE GROUND IN A KEY SENATE RACE IN NORTH DAKOTA. IT IS THIS STATE THAT IS POISED TO BE THE BIGGEST DETERMINANT THIS FALL IN WHETHER DEMOCRATS HAVE A CHANCE OF TAKING CONTROL OF THE U.S. SENATE. ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> KEVIN!

>> KEVIN.

>> ADVICE FOR LIFE. LIFE WELL-PLANNED. LEARN MORE AT raymondjames.com.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUONS:

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE B PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: PRESIDENT TRUMP IS IN THE MARKET TONIGHT FOR A NEW AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS. NIKKI HALEY WILL FORMALLY RESIGN AT YEAR'S END, AFTER TWO YEARS IN THE POST. FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT NICK SCHIFRIN BEGINS OUR COVERAGE.

>> Schifrin: IN THE OVAL OFFICE TODAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP AND AMBASSADOR NIKKI HALEY EXCHANGED MUTUAL PRAISE.

>> YOU'VE BEEN FANTASTIC, YOU'RE MY FRIEND, AND ON BEHALF OF THE COUNTRY, I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR TAGREAT JOB.

>> NOW, THE UNITEDS IS RESPECTED. COUNTRIES MAY NOT LIKE WHAT WE DO, BUT THEY RESPECT WHAT WE DO. THEY KNOW THAT IF WE SAY WE'RE GOING TO DO SOMETHING, WE FOLLOW IT TPROUGH. AND THIDENT PROVED THAT.

>> Schifrin: AND OUTSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE, MORE THANKS FROM SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO.

>> SHE'S BEEN A GREAT PARTNER OF MINE, FOR THE FIVE MONTHS WE'VE BEEN TOGETHER, AND I WANT TO WISH HER VERY WELL.

>> Schifn: FROM THE BEGINNING, HALEY WAS WELL RESPECTED BY MANY U.N. DIPLOMATS, WELL COVERED BY THE MEDIA, AND EMBRACED PRESIDENT TRUMP'S FOREIGN POLICY AND COMBATIVENESS.

>> FOR THOSE WHO DON'T HAVE OUR BACK, WE'RE TAKING NAMES.

>> Schifrin: SHE TRUMPETED THE U.S. EMBASSY MOVE TO JERUSALEM, AND THE U.S. ENDING EDUCTAION AND HUMAAN SUPPORT FOR PALESTINIANS. AND WHEN 128 COUNTRIES VOTED THEIR DISAPPROVAL, SHE ONCE AGAIN WARNED SHE WAS TAKING NAMES.

>> THE UNITED STATES WILL REMEMBER THIS DAY IN WHICH IT WAS SINGLED OUT FOR ATTACK IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

>> Schif REFLECTED TRUMP POLICY WHEN SHE SPOKE IN FRONT OF IRANIAN WEAPONS SHE SAID PROVED IRAN SENDS MISSILES TO REGIONAL ALLIES.

>> IT'S HARD TO FIND A CONFLICT, OR A TERRORIST GROUP IN THE MIDDLE EAST, THAT DOES NOT HAVE IRAN'S FINGERPRINTS WRITTEN ALL OVER IT.

>> Schifrin: ALONGSIDE POMPEO,

>> Schifrin: AND ON RUSSIA, SHE CRITICIZED MOSCOW'S SUPPORT FOR SYRIAN PRESIDENT BASHAR AL- ASSAD, ESPECIALLY AFTER AN APRIL HI17 CHEMICAL WEAPONS ATTACK.

>> HOW MANY MOREREN HAVE TO DIE BEFORE RUSSIA CARES?

>> Schifrin: THAT'S WHERE SHE REFLECTED THE FOREIGN POLICY ESTABLISHMENT'S ANTIPATHY TO RUSSIA, OVER PRESIDENT TRUMP'S POSITIVE RHETORIC. ALLIED OFFICIALS DESCRIBE HER AS A KIND OF TRANSLATOR OF PRESIDENT TRUMP'S ISOLATIONISM. THEY SOUGHT HER OUT, AND DEFENSE SECRETARY JAMES MATTIS, WHO TODAY SAID SHE DID QUOTE YEOMAN'S WORK.Y

>> WE HAVE A VOSE WORKING OLATIONSHIP. WE SAW OURSELVMANY OCCASIONS COLLABORATING TOGETHER, ON HOW WE WOULD DEAL WITH CERTAIN ISSUES.

>> Schifrin: THAT COLLABORATION STARTED WHEN FMER SECRETARY OF STATE REX TILLERSON'S INEFFECTIVENESS ALLOWED HER TO BEME A HIGH PROFILE VOICE TRUMP'S FOREIGN POLICY. BUT WHEN TILLEON WAS FIRED, SHE DIDN'T GET THE SECRETARY'S JOB. WHEN POMPEO DID, AND JOHN BOLTON BECAME NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR, HER WINGS WERE CUT. THAT'S WHEN SHE SAYS SHE FIRST TOLD THE PRESIDENT SHE WANTED TO RESIGN, AND WHEN SHE GOT OVER HER SKIS ANNOUNCING RUSSIAN SANCTIONS THAT NEVER CAME.

>> YOU WILL SEE THAT RUSSIAN SANCTIONS WILL BE COMING DOWN. DESPITE FOR THE PAST FEW YEARS, HALEY REMAINED IN THE PRESIDENT'S GOOD GRACES, EN THOUGH IN 2016 SHE CAMPAIGNED FOR ONE OF HIS MAIN RIVAL, FLORIDA SENA MARCO RUBIO.

>> WE NEED TO SHOW THAT SOUTH CAROLINA MAKES PRESIDENTS AND THAT OUR NEX PRESIDENT WILL BE

>> Schifrin: DESPITE THAT HISTORY, PRESIDENT TRUMP'S ITICISM OF HER WAS ALWAY TEMPERED.

>> NIKKI HALEY, VERY NICE WOMAN, SHE SAID I'M AN ANGRY PERSON. AND THEY SAID TO ME,SAID, YOU WERE AN ANGRY PERSON. I THOUGHT, I AM, I'M VGRY, BECAUSE I HATE WHAT IS HAPPENING TO OUROUNTRY. GE Schifrin: HALEY ASSUMED AND CONVEYED THAT AT THE U.N. WHITE HOUSE OFFICIALS DESCRIBE HER AS OVERLY POLITICA ON POLICY, SHE REFLECTED THE PRESIDENT'S STYLE, AND SUBSTANCE. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M NICK SCHIFRIN.

>> Woodruff: AND JOINING ME NOW IS OUR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT, YAMICHE ALCINDOR. SO, YAMICHE, SMANY PEOPLE ARE ASKING, WHY IS NIKKI HALEY DOING THIS NOW? SHE SAIDNA PERSOREASON, TERM LIMITS, BUT WHAT ELSE DO WE KNOW WOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE?

>> WHAKNOW IS THAT WASHINGTON WAS REALLY, REALLY SHOCKED WHEN NIKKI HALEY MADE THIS ANNOUNCEMENT. IT'S BECAUSE OUR NEWSHOUR PRODUCERS HERE STUDIED THE LIST OF THE LAST 30 YEARS O U.N. AMBASSADORS, AND IN ALMOST EVERY SINGLE CASE, WHEN THAT PERSON RESIGNED IN THE MIDDOF A PRESIDENT'S TERM, IT'S BECAUSE THEY WERE TANG ANOTHER JOB WITHIN THE ADMINISTROTION THAT. ISHE CASE WITH NIKKI HALEY. I SPOKE WITH SOMEONE WHO IS CLOSE TO NIKKI HALEY WHO ALSO HELPED GET HER ELECTED IN SOUTH CAROLINA. THAT PERSON SAYS SHE'S VERY POLITICALLY AMBITIOUS IN GOOD WAY AND THAT SHE WOULD KNOW WHEN TO LEAVE, AND IN THIS CASE, SHE'S LEAVG WHEN TH ADMINISTRATION'S HAVING A GOOD COUPLE WEEKS. THEY HAD BRETT KAVANAUGH CONFIRMED. THE TRADE DEAL WENT THROUGH. YOU ALSO HAVE THE ECONOMY DOING WELL. SO NIKKI HALEY IS KIND OF LEAVING ON THIS HIGH. THERE IS, OF COURSE, THIS IDEA THAT SHE COULD RUN IN 2020, BUT NIKKI HALEY WAS VERY FIRM TODAY. SHE SAID SHE'S NOT RUNNING IN20 ND SHE'S GOING TO HELP PRESIDENT TRUMP CAMPAIGN. SHE'S THROWING HER SUPPORT WE HIDE THE PRESIDENT, BUT THAT'SE WHAT PEOE TALKING ABOUT TODAY.

>> Woodruff: WE HEARD IN NICK'S REPORT THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS COMPLIMENTING HER TODAY. SHE WAS COMPLIMENTING HIM. HOW DOES HER LEAVING COMPARE TO THE DEPARTURE OF OTHER HIGH-LEVEL TRUMP ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS? THERHAVE BEEN A FEW. AND WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT WHO MIGHT TAKE HER PLACE? N

>> WELL,KI HALEY'S ANNOUNCEMENT IS VERY ABNORMAL BECAUSE IT WAS SO NORMAL. THERE IS AN IDEA THAT IN THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, WHEN PEOPLE HAVE LEFT, IT'S USUALLY BECAUSE OF SCANDAL AND THEY'VE BEEN FIRED BECAUSE OF TWITTER. EVERYONE THAT'S BEEN FIRED ON TWITTER, SOME PEOPLE ARE SECRETARY OF STATE REX TILLERSON, YOU HAVE SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS DAVID SCHULKEN, JAMES COMEY, THE FORMER F.B.I. BIRECTOR, WHO WAS FIRED AS HE WAS SPEAKING TO . AGENTS. THERE WAS THE SCENE OF THE MOTORCADE BEING FOLLOWED BY A NEWS CHOPPER BECAE EVERYONE WAS SO SHOCKED. THEN YOU HAVE SCANDALS, THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, TOM PRICE, AND THE E.P.A. ADMINISTRATION, THAT'S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, THEY WERE BOTH FIRED OR RESIGNED BECAUSE OF ETHICAL CONCERNS. ALL THIS BEING SAID, THE ESIDENT SAID THERE ARE MANY, MANY NAMES OF PEOPLE WHO COULD BE PEOPLE THAT WOULDEPCE NIKKI HALEY. HE IS FLOATING THE IDEA, HE HAD FLOATED THE IDEA OF IV TRUMP, EVEN THOUGH SHE TWEETED VERY QUICKLY, AIM NOT THE NEXT U.N. AMBASSADOR. THERE'S DINA POWELL, THE FORMER WHITE HOU DEPUTY OF NATIONAL SECURITY. SHE'S VERY WELL REGARDED. REALLY WE'LL HAVE TO WAIT AND SEE, JUDY.

>> Woodruff: IVANKA TRUMP HIS GHN DAUGHTER, BUT HE MENTIONED THERE BE A NEPOTISM CHARGE AROUND THAT. FASCINATING TODAY. NIKKI HALEY LEAVES AT THE END OF THE YEAR. YAMICHE ALCINDOR, THANK YOU.

>> THANKS. OUR OTHER MAJOR STORY TONIGHT IS HURRICANE "MICHAEL." RING TOWARD THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE, AND RAPIDLY GROWING INTO A MAJOR THREAT. LANDFALL IS EXPECTED TOMORROW, POSSIBLY NEAR PANAMA CITY, AND 180,000 PEOPLE ARE ALREADY UNDER EVACUATION ORDERS. SO FAR, FLORIDA, ALABAMA AND GEORGIA HAVE DECLARED EMERGENCIES. WILLIAM BRANGHAM TAKES IT FROM THERE. NCE OFngham: JUDY, IN AD HURRICANE MICHAEL THE PRESIDENT TODAY APPROVED AN EMERGENCY DECLARATION FOFLORIDA THAT AUTHORIZES FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR PREPARATIONS AND DISASTER RELIEF. FOR MORE ON THIS STORM, I'M JOINED NOW BY KEN GRAHAM, HURECTOR OF THE NATIONAL ICANE CENTER, BASED IN MIAMI. MR. GRAHAM, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR BEING HERE. CAN YOU JUST GIVE US THE LATEST ON THIS STORM?

>> I WOULD JUST HAVE THE LATEST INFORMATION. NOW WE'RE A TEGORY 3, WINDS E20mph WITH THIS SYSTEM. SOME SGTHENING AS FORECAST. WE'RE SOUTHWEST OF APALCHICOLA. YOU SEE A HEALTHY SYSTEM WITH THE EYE IN THE CENTER AND SOME CONVECTION. SO REALLY LOOKING AT A SYSTEM THAT IS LARGE. YOU'RE ALREADY STARTING TO SEE SOME OF THESE RAIN BANDS WORK THEIR WAY NORTHWARD IN THE GULF OF MEXICO.

>> Brangham: YOUR SENSE RIGHT NOW IS THE TRACK IS LIKELY TO HIT SOMEWHERE IN THE NORTHERN PANHANDLE AROUND PANAMA CITY?

>> YEAH, THAT'S T LOOK LIKE. A LOT OF THE MESSAGING THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IS ALSO ABOUT E SIZE. SO YOU'RE LOOKING AT LANDFALL TOMORROW AFTERNOON RIGHT ON THE UPPER PORTION OF THE GULF COAST THERE IN THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE, BUT THIS IS AN IMPORTANT POINT THHERE. LOOK ASIZE OF THE WINDS. THIS IS TROPICAL STORM FORCE 185DS REALLY LOOKING ABOUT MILES AWAY FROM THE CENTER. 40 MILES AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE HURRICANE-FORCE WINDS. THIS IS NOT JUST A CENTER. IT'S REALLY OUTSIDE THE CONE, THESE IMPACTS. THIS IS A LARGE SWATH OF WINDS MAKING ITS WAY NORTHWARD. SOME OF THAT, THESE RAIN BANDS COULD EVEN ARRIVE AS EARLY AS TONIGHT.

>> Brangham: I UNDERSTAND FLORIDA IS UNDERGOING WHAT'S KNOWN AS A "KING TIDE" RIGHT NOW. CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT THAT IS AND RHY WE WOULD CARE ABOUT THAT WITH REG TO STORM SURGE?

>> REALLY SOME OF THAT TIDE R TOG ON ADDS SOME MORE WAT THE WHOLE SITUATION, BECAUSE WHEN WE REALLY LOOK AT THIS, WE HAVE THE RAINFALL THREA OF COURSE, THAT WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT. TUT LOOK AT THESE VALUES RELATED TO YOUR QUN. IT'S AN AMAZING AMOUNT OF WATER, LIFE-THREATENING SITUATION WHEN IT COMES TO THE ATER. SO IF YOU TAKE IN THOSE TIDES, WHICH ARE ALREADY A FEW FEET ABOVE WHAT THEY SHOULD BE, AND THEN YOU ADDHE STORM SURG ON TOP OF THAT, BOTH OF THOSE NUMBERS COMBINED, NINE TO 13 FEET OF STORM SURGE. THAT'S INUNDATION ABOVE GROUND. THAT'S ABSOLUTELY COPLETELY LIFE-THREATENING, NOT JUST AROUND THE CENTER AND TO THE RIGHT SIDE, FAR AWAY. .OOK AT CEDAR KEY, SIX TO NINE FE DOWN TOWARD CRYSTAL RIVER, FOUR TO SIX FEET. AS FAR AWAY AS TAMPA YOU CAN SEE AREAS AS TWO TO FOUR FEET, AND EVEN PENSACOLA YOU CAN SEE THOSE VALUES SOME A LIFE-THREATENING SITUATION WHEN IT COMES TO THE WATER. AND BY THE WAY, 50% OF FATALITIES IN A TROPICAL SYSTEM IS THE STORM SURGE. SO WE NEED TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE ARE SAFE AND OUT OF THOSE RISK ZONES.

>> Brangham: I SAW ON THE EARLIER MAP YOU WERE SHOWINGMP THE SIZE OF THIS. THIS IS LIKELY TO CARRY ACROSS THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES AS THE WEEK PROGRESSES. IS THAT RIGHT?

>> YEAH, THAT'S AN IMPORTANT POINT THAT YOU MAKE THERE, BECAUSE IT'S A SITUATION THAT YOU HAVE WHESE LARGEDS, AND YOU ALSO HAVE THE RAINFALL. SO ALL THAT RAIN COULD ACTUALLY LSTART SATURATING THE S SO EVEN AFTER LANDF YAL KNOW, LOOKING AT A VERY POWERFUL SRRICANE, YOU'RE STILL IN GEORGIA A TROPICRM. LOOK AT THIS IN THE CAROLINAS STILL A TROPICAL STORM. AT YOU TAKE ALL THAT RAIN PLUS IND, YOU CAN SEE POWER OUTAGES VERY DEVASTATING RIGHT ALONG THECO ACTUAL T OF THE PANHANDLE OF FLORIDA. BUT SOME OF THOSE POWER OUTAGES CAN STRETCH INTO GEORGIA, MAYBE EVEN THE CAROINAS OVER TIME, BECAUSE SATURATED SOIL AND THE LIND, YOU START KNOCKING DOWN TREES AND POWES. WE HAVE TO GET PEOPLE READY. SOME OF THESE POWER OUTAGES COULD LAST WELL MORE TA WEEK.

>> Brangham: LASTLY, YOUR SENSE IS THAT THIS FORECAST IS PRETTY SOLID U NOW. N'T SEE ANY REAL CHANGE IN ITS TRACK?

>> NO, WE REALLY DON'T AT THIS POINT. YOU'RE LOOKING AT THE SATELLITE. THE FORECAST IS REALLY ON TRACK, NOT ONLY WITH THE INTENSITY, BUT ALSO WITH THE TRACK. IT'S INTERESTING WITH THE STORM SURGE, YOU KNOW, SMALL CHANGES IN THESE SYSTEMS CAN MAKA BIG DIFFERENCE ON THE GROUND, BUT AS A RESULT, YOU KNOW, WE REALLY NEED EVERYBO READY IN THESE AREAS. IF YOU THINK ABOUT PREPAREDNESS, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GOING TO START SEEING THOSE TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS ARRIVING TONIGHT. SOME OF THE HIGHER TIDE ALREADY ARRIVING. PEOPLE NEED TO WRAP UP THEIR PREPAREDNESS AND BE IN A SAFE PLE BY TONIGHT.

>> Brangham: ALL RIGHT. KEN GRAHAM AT THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> YOU BET.

>> Woodruff: IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, AUTHORIES IN TURKEY ANNOUNCED PLANS TO SEARCH SAUDI ARABIA'S CONSULATE IN ISTANBUL, WEERE A SAUDI JOURNALIST VANISHED LAST EK. TURKEY SAYS JAMAL KHASHOGGI WAS MURDERED THE. THE SAUDIS DENY IT. A SURVEILLANCE PHOTO PUBLISHED BY "THE WASHINGTON POST" SHOWS KHASHOGGI ENTERING THE CONSULATE. THERE'S NO EVIDENCE HE EVER LEFT. PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID TODAY HE HAS NOT SPOKEN WITH THE SAUDIS ABOUT THE INCIDENT, BUT PLANS TO. CHINA INSISTED TODAY IT HAS NO PLANS TO WEAKEN ITS CURRENCY IN ORDER TO COUNTER U.S. TARIFFS. THAT COMES A DAY AFTER THE CHINESE YUAN SANK TO A 22-MONTH LOW AGAINST THE DOLLAR. THE FOREIGN MINISTRY DENIED CHINA WOULD USE DEVALUATION TO MAKE EXPORTS LESS EXPENSIVE, AND atFSET THE TARIFFS.

>> ( tran ): WE HAVE NO INTENTION OF PROMOTING EXPORTS REROUGH THE COMPETITIVE DEVALUATION OF CY, AND WILL NOT USE THE EXCHANGE RATE AS A TOOL TO RESPOND TO DISPUTES IN TRADE OR OTHER AREAS. I ALSO WANT TO SAY THAT THESE TYPES REMARKS ARE JUST SOME PEOPLE MAKING GROUNDLESS SPECULATION, AND THEY ARE IRRESPONSIBLE REMARKS.

>> Woodruff:O FAR THIS YEAR, TINA'S YUAN HAS LOST ALMOST 10% OF ITS VALUE AGAIN DOLLAR. BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATI IS MOVING TO LIFT A BAN ON YEAR-ROUND SALES OF HIGH-ETHANOL GASOLINE. IT'S EXPECTED TO BE A O CORN PRODUCERS WORRIED ABOUT THE TRADE WAR WI CHINA. EXISTING RESTRICTIONS HAD LIMITED ETHANOL USE DURING THE SUMMER, IN ORDER TO CUT DOWN ON N OG. AND,LL STREET, THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 56 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 26,430. THE NASDAQ ROSE TWO POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 SLIPPED FOUR. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: WE EXPLORE WHERE THE SUPREME COURT IS HEADED WITH BRETT KAVANAUGH NOW ON THE BENCH. I TRAVEL TO NORTH DAKOTA FOR AN UP-CLOSE LOOK AT A KEY SENATE RACE. HOW CITIES AND STATES ARE WOOI RECENT COLLEGE GRADUATES TO THEIR JOB MARKETS, ANDUCH MORE. f:

>> WoodrE'RE IN WEEK TWO OF THE BRAND NEW SUPREME COURT TERM. BUT TODAY IS DAY ONETS NEWEST MEMBER, JUSTICE BRETT E VANAUGH. ITE HOUSE MARKED THE OCCASION LAST NIGHT, HOLDING A CEREMONIAL SWEARING-IN WITH THE OTHER SUPREME COURT JUSTICES IN ATTENDANCE. KAVANAUGH'S NOMINATION HAD BEEN UPENDED BY SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ALLEGATIONS, ALLEGATIONS HE DENIES. AND AT LAST NIGHT'S EVENT, PRESIDENT TRUMP CHOSE TO DEFEND KAVANAUGH ONCE MORE.

>> ON BEHALF OF OUR NATION, I WANT TO APOLOGIZE TO BELT AND THE ENTIRE KAVANAUGH FAMILY FOR THE TERRIBLE PAIN AND SUFFERING YOU HAVE BEEN FORCETO ENDURE. OUR COUNTRY, A MAN OR WOMAN, MUST ALWAYS BE PRESUMED INNOCENT UNLESS AND UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY. [APPLAUSE] WITH THAT I MUST STATE THAT YOU, SIR, UNDER HISTORIC SCRUTINY, WERE PROVEN INNOCEN

>> Woodruff: KAVANAUGH FOLLOWED BY SINGLING OUT SOME OF THE BENATORS WHO BACKED HIS NOMINATIONRE PLEDGING TO BE FAIR AND IMPARTIAL ON THE L NCH.

>> I GIVE SPECATITUDE TO SENATORS ROB PORTMAN, SUSAN COLLINS, JOE MANCHIN, JOHN KYL, E D LINDSEY GRAHAM. THEYCREDIT TO THE COUNTRY BD THE SENATE. EVERY AMERICAN CASSURED ANAT I WILL BE AN INDEPENDENT IMPARTIAL JUSTICE DEVOTED TO EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW. ALTHOUGH T SENATE CONFIRMATION PROCESS TESTED ME, AS IT HAS TESTED OTHERS, IT DID NOT CHANGE ME. MY APPROACH TO JUDGING REMAINS THE SAME.

>> Woodruff: HERE TO HELP US DOCESS NOT JUST LAST NIGHT'S REMARKS, B ONE OF KAVANAUGH IN THE COURTROOM TODAY IS "NEWSHOUR" REGULAR MARCIA ASHINGTONIEF CORRESPONDENT FOR THE "NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL."

>> HI, JUDY. N Woodruff: SO WE HAD THE COMMENTS OF LASHT. THEN TODAY THE PRESIDENT WAS TALKING TO REPORTERS AT THE WHITE HOUSE, AND HE AGAIN SPOKOU THE KAVANAUGH SITUATION. HE SAID THE PEOPLE WHO ACCUSED THE JUDGE, IN THE PRESIDENT'S WORDS, WERE EVIL. MY QUESTION TO YOU S:RST IS EPL THIS ANGRY LANGUAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT AND SOMEBLICAN SENATORS, IS THAT HAVING AN EFFECT ON THE SUPREME COURT?

>> I DON'T THINK SO, JUDY. I THINK IFHERE I ANY EFFECT, IT IS THE COURT'S MAYBE STRONGER I DESIRNE, STROGEST DESIRE TO TRY TO ENSURE THAT THE AMERICAN PUBLIC VIEWS IT AS A NON-PARTISAN, NON-POLITICAL INSTITUTION. AND THAT, OF COURSE, IS THE CHALLENGE AHEAD ER THETIRE COURT AND JUSTICE KAVANAUGH IN RTICULAR AS THEY TAKE UP CASES YATER THAT MAY BE HIGHL DIVISIVE. ARE THEY GOING TO BE ABLE TO REACH A CERTAIN CONSENSUS SO THEY DON'T AAYS DIVIDE 5-4 IN A WAY THAT IS FIVE REPUBLICAN-APPOINTED JUSTICES AND FOUR DEMOCRATIC-APPOINTED JUSTICES.

>> Woodruff: AS WE SAID, HEARD ABOUT NEW JUSTICE KAVANAUGH'S COMMENTS LAST NIGHT. AS WE HEARD, HUTE SINGLED SOME OF THE SENATORS WHO VOTED FOR HIM, WHO FOUGHT FOR HIS CONFIRMATION. AND THEN LAST WK HE TALKED ABOUT DEMOCRATS BEING MOTIVATED BY REVEN YGE. .

>> Woodruff: ARE HIS WORDS, HE THEY JUST BE FORGOTTEN AS MOVES ON TO THE COURT?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK HE. CAN I THINK WHENT HE WE AN OP-ED PIECE IN THE "WALL STREET JOURNAL" BEFORE HE WAS CONFIRM, HE DID ATTEMPT TO WALK BACK SOME OFNTENSE PARTISAN LANGUAGE THAT HE USED AT HIS LAST HEARING BEFORE THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE, BUT THAT COUD ALMOST BE PERCEIVED BY SOME PEOPLE AS AN ORFORT TO LOBBY FOR VOTES F HIS CONFIRMATION. SO IT WAS I THINK ALMOT INCUMBENT ON HIM AFTER HIS CONFIRMATION, AND SINCE HE WAS IN THE PUBLIC CEREMONY LAST NIGHT, TO SAY SOMETHING TO REASSURE THOSE WHOHA DID VIEW OP-ED PIECE AS NOT A GENUINE EXPRESSION OF REGRET, THAT HE WILL BE A NEUTRAL, OPEN-MINDED JUSTICE.

>> Woodruff: SO LET'S TALK ABOUT TODAY. FIRST DAY THERE. YOU WERE TELLING US A LARGE OUOWD OF PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO GET INTO THE. WHAT WAS IT LIKE?

>> WELL, IT WAS ALMOST, JUDY, LIKE A NORMAL DAY EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT THERE WAS A NEW FACE ON THE BENCH. AND JUSTICE KAVAUGH NOW SITS AT THE EXTREME RIGHT END OF THE BENCH, AS YOU FACE IT. RIGHT NEXT TO HIM IS JUSTICE KAGAN, WHO ACTUALLY WAS AN OBAMA-APPOINTED JUSTICE. IT WAS A NORMAL DAY.HE ASKED, I COUNTED, ABOUT EIGHT QUESTIONS DURING TWO HOURS OF ARGUMENTN TWO CASES. AND HIS DELIVERY WAS VERY PROFESSIONAL, STRAIGHTFORWARD, MUCH AS HE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED WHEN HE SAT ON THEE ALLATE COURT. RIGHT BEFORE THE ARGUMENT, HE ACTUALLY SEEMED HAPPY TO BE HAERE. HE WASTING AND LAUGHING WITH JUSTICE KAGAN. HIS FA TLY, HIS WIFE AND DAUGHTERS WERE SITTING IN SPECIAL SEATS THAT ARE FOR GUESTS OF THE JUSTICES.ED JUSTICE KE WHO HAD SWORN HIM IN A SECOND TIME LAST NIGHT AT THE WHITE HOUSE ALSO ATTENDED.

>> Woodruff: WHAT ABOUT, MARCIA, THE CASES THAT AR TE EXPECTCOME UP THIS TERM FOR THE COURT. ARE THEY THE KINDS OF CASE WHERE WE MAYBE CAN LOOK FOR SOME MOMENTOUS PREEDENT-BREAKING DECISIONS ON THE PART OF THE COURT?

>> WELL, RIGHT NOW THE DOCKET IS VERY LOW KEY IN TERS OF THE CASES THAT THEY'VE AGREED TO HEAR AND DECIDE, BUT THAT COULD ACTUALLY CHANGE NEXT WEEK. IN FACT, IT COULD EVEN CHANGE THIS WEEK. R THE WINGS RIGHT NOW ARE CASES INVOLVING WHETR NATIONAL JOB ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWEC PR AGAINST SEXUAL ORIENTATION DISCRIMINATION. THERE ARE TWO CASES INVOLVING MEDICAID FUNDING CUT-OFFS BY STATES FOR PLANNED PARTHOOD CLINICS. THERE'S A CASE INVOLVING A WORLD WAR IO MAL CROSS ON PUBLIC LAND, WHICH ALSO... THESE ARE ALL FLASH POININDS OF CASES. AND JUST TODAY IT LOOKS AS THOUGH THE CA WHETHER THERE'S TO BE A CITIZENSHIP QUESTION ON THE CENSUSS COMING TO THE COURT VERY QUICKLY. SO, YES, THERE ARE GOING TO BE MANY CHALLENGES I THINK DOWN THE ROAD. THERE'S SO MUCH MORE IN THE PIPELINE TO THE COURT INVOLVING THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION THAT ALLY WILL TEST THE COURT IN TERMS OF WHETHER THEY CAN FIND CONSENSUS AND NOT APPEAR PARTISAN.

>> Woodruf JUST GETTING UNDER WAY WITH A NINTH JUSTICE SITTING THERE. MARCIA COYLE WATCHING IT ALL.

>> INTERESTING TIMES.

>> Woodruff: THAT'S FOR SURE. THTERESTING TIMES. MARCIA COYLEK YOU.

>> MY PLEASURE, JUDY.

>> Woodruff: FOUR WEEKS NOM TONIGHT, TSHOUR POLITICAL TEAM WILL JOIN ME AT THIS DESK TO COVER THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS E'LL FIND OUT WHICH PART CONTROLS THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE FOR THE NEXT FEW YEARS. HEE OF THE MOST CLOSELY WA RACES IS IN NORTH DAKOTA, WHICH MANY REPUBLICANS THINK HOLDS THEIR BEST SHOT AT TAKING OVER A SENATE SEAT NOW HELD BY A DEMOCRAT. I HEADED THE THIS PAST WEEKEND FOR A CLOSE-UP LOOK. THE PLACE TO BE THIS SUNDAY IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA WAS THE ANNUAL FESTIVAL IN TINY RUTLAND, CELEBRATING ITS SCANDINAVIAN ROOTS. SKIING ONRASS, A KIDS' TRACTOR RACE, AND THE HIGHLIGHT, A LDRADE ATTRACTED YOUNG AND AND THE TWO CAN DATES IN ONE OF THE MOST COMPETITIVE RACES FOR A U.S. SENATE SEAT THIS FALL.

>> YOU NOTICE ALL THE NORWEGIAN FLAGS. THIS IS A NORWEGIAN TOWN.

>> Woodruff: DEMOCRAT HEIDI REITKAMP, THE ONLY HIGH-LEVEL MEMBER OF PARTY LEFT IN A STATE THAT FOR YEARS SENT MOSTLY DEMOCRATS TO WASHINGTON, IS IN THE BULL'S-EYE OF A REPUBLICAN DRIVE TO HANG ON TO ITS MAJORITY IN THE U.S. SENATE. AND A BONUS, SWEEP DEMOCRATS LUT OF POWER HERE.

>> THEY CDN'T KEEP UP WITH WHERE NORTH DAKOTA WAS GOING. SENATOR HEITKAMP MAY BE THE LAST CASUALTY. I DON'T KNOW. RE Woodruff: TAKING HER ON IS BLICAN KEVIN CRAMER, NORTH DAKOTA'S ONLY MEMBER OF THE U.S. T USE, AND AN ENTHUSIASTIC BACKER OF PRESIDUMP.

>> ALL I CAN SAY IS, MR. PRESIDENT, THANKOR NOT FORGETTING US.

>> Woodruff: HE WON HERE BY A WHOPPING6-POINT MARGIN TWO YEARS AGO. ONLY TWO STATES IN THE COUNTRY HAVE A SMALLER POPULATION THAN NORTH DAKOTA. IT IS FAIR TO SAY MOST AMERICANS ARE FAMILIAR WIT THE NAME OF ITS MAJOR CITY ONLY BECAUSE OF A MOVIE. , IT IS THIS STATE THAT IS POISED TO BE THE BIGGEST DETERMINANT THIS FALL IN WHETHER DEMOCRATS HAVE A CHANCE OF RETAKING CONTROL OF THE U.S. SENATE. RED-STA, LIKE OTHER DEMOCRATS UP FOR REELECTION THIS YEAR, OFTEN REMINDS VOTERS OF SHR INDEPENDENCE, HOW MUCH WORKS ACROSS PARTY LINES.

>> THERE ARE TOO MANY PEOPLE WHO ONLY VOTON ONE SIDE 100% OF THE TIME, AND THAT WILL NEVER BE ME

>> Woodruff: IN HER CASE, SHE'S NOT ONLY V WEDH PRESIDENT TRUMP MORE THAN HALF MOE TIME, SHE WAS ONE OF A TINY NUMBER OF DECRATS MENTIONED FAR JOB IN HIS AINISTRATION. BUT WHEN THE BRETT KAVANAUGH NOMINATION TO THE SUPOURT CAME UP, SHE VOTE AGAINST, A MOVE SURE TO PLEASE HER BASE VOTERS.

>> THIS IS AN ISSUE OF CONSCIENCE. THIS IS AN ISSUE OF JUDICIAL TEMPERAMENT. AND TAKING THIS HYPER PARTISAN EXECIVE BRANCH, THE HYPER PARTISAN LEGISLATIVE BRANCH, LET'S MAKE A PARTISAN COURT. I THINK THAT'S ABSOLUTELY E WRONG DIRECTION.

>> Woodruff: SHE WAS CONCERNED ENOUGH ABOUT HOW HER VOLT WOULD GO OVER THAT SHE CUT A PAID AD ABOUT IT.

>> FIRST OFF, HESTLY, I DON'T THINK HE TOLL THE TRUTH. AND EVEN IF HE DID, HE SHOWED HIMSELF TO BE TOO BIASED TO BE IMPARTIAL.

>> Woodruff:S HOUSE MEMBER, CRAMER DIDN'T HAVE A VOTE BUT WAS FOR KAVANAUGH FOR THE START. HI HAD THE CLARIFY HIS VIEWS AFTER HE TOLD A REPORTER THAT NOTHING HAPPENED TO BLASEY FORD. >>WI DON'T G THE PREMISE THAT IT REALLY DID HAPPEN.

>> HER ALLEGATIONS ARE OBVIOUSLY SERIOUS. CLEARLY SHE'S HAD SOMETHING VERY TRAUMATIC TOOER. I DON'T WHAT IT IS.

>> Woodruff: TWO WOMEN VOTERS WE SPOKE TO IN FARGO THISTO WEEKEN US THEIR VIEW IS CLOSER TO CRAMERS.

>> I DO QUESTION THE TIMING, AND I WONDER ABOUT KIND OF THE POLITICAL MOTIVE THERE.

>> I HAVE A HARD TIME WIT SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED SO LONG AGO. YOU KNOW, LIKE WE'VE ALL BEEN YOUNG AND DUMB ANDMADE MISTAKES IN THE PAST.

>> Woodruff: ONE PERSON IN THE CROWD AT SUNDAY'S FESTIVITIES IN RUTLAND SAID HEITKAMP HANDLED IT

>> COULDN'T BE MORE PROUD OF HER. THAT TOOK A LOT OF GUTS. Woodruff: SO DID VANESSA KUMMER, WHO MET AT HR FAMILY'S FARM NEAR COLFAX.

>> IT PROBABLY STRENGTHENINGS MY IDEAL OF WHAT HEII STANDS FOR, BECAUSE WHETHER HE WAS GUILTY OR NOT, HE PROVED NOT TO BE JUDICIAL AND VERY PSAN.

>> THE TRUCKS COME IN DOWN THE DRIVEWAY AND COME RIGHT HERE.

>> Woodruff: BUT MS. KUMMER HAS AN EVEN STRONGER REASON TO SUPPORT HEITKAMP, HER OPPOSITION TO PRESIDENT TRUMP'S GET-TOUGH TRADE POLICY TARD CHINAWHICH CHINA RESPONDED TO BY ENDING ITS PURCHASE OF U.S. SOY ANS, ONE OF NORTH DAKOTA'S MAIN FARM EXPORTS. THE SULT HAS BEEN DRASTIC LOSSES FOR SOYBEAN FARMERS HERE.

>> IT'S BASICALLY BEEN SHUT DOWN FOR US.

>> Woodruff: KUMMER IS BUT ONE OF TENS OF THOUSANDS OF SOYAN FARMERS IN NORTH DAKOTA WHO ARE FEELING THE EFFECTS OF THE TRADI WAR WITHA.

>> THE COMBINE WILL COME ACROSS, AND IT WILL CUT IT RIGHT HERE. W druff: UH-HUH. SARA LOVAS AND HER HUSBAND OVERSEE 8,000 ACRES IN LLSBOROUGH, HALF OF WHICH ARE SOYBEANS.

>> WE'REL RLY FEELING THE EFFECTS HERE IN NORTH DAKOTA. SOYBEANS HAVE BECOME A VERY GOOD CROP FOR US HERE IN THIS GEOGRAPHY AND ON OUR OWN FARM. CHINA IS A MAJOR CUSTOMER OF OURS. WE MISS HAVING THE OPPORTUNITY TO SELL OUR BEANS TO THEM. STOMERS BEEN GREAT OVER THE YEARS.

>> Woodruff: LOVAMS ESTIATES THEIR LOSSES ALONE COULD RUN TO ALMOST $200,000 THIARS , MEANING THEY CAN'T GROW THEIR BUSINESS AS THEY HAD PLANNED. >>E WERE ACTUALLY THINKING ABOUT GETTIERNG ANOTHOMBINE EARLIER THIS YEAR. WELL, THE SOYBEAN PRICE STARTED PLUMMETING IN MAY AND JUNE, AND WE DID NOT DOEHAT BECAUSE W DIDN'T THINK WE HAD ENOUGH MONEA TO GO INVEST IN THAT EXTRA EQUIPMENT.

>> Woodruff: SENATOR HEITKAMP A MAKING THE CHINA TRADE DISPUTNTERPIECE OF HER CAMPAIGN.

>> YOU CAN SPEND 30 YEARS GETTING A MARKET AD ONE YEAR LOSING IT. WE ALREADY KNOW THAT CHINA IS TAKING THEIR MARKET DOWN FROM 20% IN TERMS OF WHAT THEY FEED THEIR HOGS DOWN TO 12%.

>> Woodruff: CONGRESSMAN CRAMER ALSO SAYS HE WAST AGAI THE IDEA OF THESE TARIFFS.

>> THAT'S CONVENIENT, ISN'T IT? I'M AGAINST TARIFFS, BUT IT'S OKAY IF E PRESIDENT IMPOSES THEM. THAT'S THE KIND OF DOUBLE TALK YOU GET IN WASHINGTON, D.C., THAT DOESN'T WORK SO WELL IN NORTH DAKOTA. H Woodruff: CRAMER SAYS NOW THAT PRESIDENT TRU PROVED AGAINST THE CHINESE, THE U.S. CANNOT BACK DOWN.

>> IF DON'T STICK TO OUR GUNS NOW, IF CHINA CAN CAN BREAK THE UNITED STATES, WHICH IS WHAT SOME POLITICIANS SEEM TO BE CHEERING FOR, THEN WE WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO NEGOTIATE A GOOD DEAL WITH CHINA AGAIN.

>> Woodruff: LOVAS, WHO IDENTIFIES AS CONSERVATIVE, SAYS SHE HASN'T DECIDED HOW SHE'S VOTING IN NOVEMBER BUT HAD A CLEAR MESSAGE FOR EVERYONE INON WASHIN

>> WHAT I AM HOPING IS THAT ALL OF OUR ELECTED OFFICIALS REMEMBER THAT WE AS FARMERS EXIST OUT HERE. I THINK THERE'S CONCERN FOR FARMERS BOTH DEALING WITH THE DEMOCRATS AND THE REPUBLICANS THAT, YOU KNOW, HEY, DON'T FORGET US. uf'RE HERE.

>> Woodrf: VANESSA KUMMER, ON THE OTHER HAND, PLACES BLAME SQUARELY ON PRESIDENT TRUMP AND THE REPUBLICANS WHO SUPPORT HIM.

>> IPO S HEIDI HEITKAMP 100%, BECAUSE SHE HAS RIGHT FROM THE BEGINNING UNDERSTOOD THAT THIS W GOING TO BE DIFFICULT FOR FARMERS, WHILE CRAMERAID FARMERS JUST NEED TO HOLD ON AND, YOU KNOW, DON'T HAVE HYSTERIA RULING THE DAY. WELL, IT'S NOT HYSTERIA. IT IS LOSS OF MONEY. IT'S PROFIT LOSS, AND IT COULD MEAN LOSING SOME FARMERS IN OUR AREA.

>> Woodruff: SOME VOTERS WE MET IN RUTLAND SUGGEST THE FARMERS' CONCERNS MAY BE EXAGGERATED.

>> THEY GOT GRAIN MILLdrS.

>> Wf: MEANING THEY CAN --

>> THEY HAVE STORAGE

>> Woodruff: AND SO YOU DON'T THINK IT'S HURTING THEM?

>> NOT REALLY.

>> Woodruff: A FARM EQUIPMENT OPERATOR, BRIAN BLADOW SAYS HE'S FOR CRAMER ALL THE WAY. NG I'M A LE DAD, TWO GIRLS. I WORKED MORE IN THE LAST YEAR AND MA MORE MONEY THIS YEAR THAN I HAVE IN YEARS PRIOR FOR A LONG TIME. YOU GOT THE FREEDOM TO DO WHATEVER YOU WANT. HE'S NOT GOING TO ENCROACH ON YOUR FREEDOMS.

>> Woodruff: AND YOU THINK SENATOR HEITKAMP BELIEVES IN THAT?

>> YES, DO.

>> Woodruff: WHAT'S YOUR OPINION OF PRESIDENT TRUMP?

>> HE'S AWESOME.

>> Woodruff:HAT WAY? WHAT HAS HE DONE THAT YOU LIKE?

>> HE'S MADE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN. Woodruff: FARMER VANESSA KUMMER DISAGREES.

>> I FEEL LIKE HE LIKES THINGS BE IN CONFUSION. HE LIKES JUST THROWING THINGS UP IN THE AIR AND THEN NOT TAKING CREDIT FOR IF IT DOESN'T WORK UT AND TAKING CREDIT FOR EVERYTHING THA GOING GOOD.

>> Woodruff: THE FACT TT SO MANY VOTERS HERE LIKE PRESIDENT TRUMP IS COMPLICATELING THINGHES FOKAMP.

>> WE NEED VANESSA KEVIN CRAMERO REPLACE HEIDI HEITKAMP.

>> Woodruff: HEITKAMP IS HOPING THAT VOTERS AEE HERS SOMEONE WHO WORKS WITH THE PRESIDENT AT TIMES BUT INDEPENDENT OF BOTH PARTIES.

>> Woodruff: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: A CONVERSATION WITH AFGHANISTAN'S CHIEF EXECUTIVE ON THE STATE OF HIS NATION AND PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN DIS KEARNS GOODWIN DISCUSSES "LEADERSHIP IN TURBULENT TIMES." NOW, ONE STATE'S PLAN TO COUNT AN AGING WORKFORCE BY HELPING STUDENTS REDUCE THEIR DEBT LEVEL. HARI SREENIVASAN HAS A REPORT TONIGHT ON WHAT MAINE IS PROMISING COLLEGE GRADUATES IF THEY AGREE TO LIVE AND WORK IN THE STATE. 'LR THE NEXT FOUR TUESDAYS, BE LOOKING AT DIFFERENT WAYS OF "RETHINKING CO" A PERIODIC SERIES WE DO FOR OUR WEEKLY SEGMENT ON "MAKING THE GRADE."

>> Sreenivasan: MAINOIIS FAMOUS FOR GULLS AND FISHING PORTS, END LES MILES OF ROCKY COASTLINE, LIGHTHOUSES THAT SEEM MADE FOR POSTCARDS AND, OF COURSE, THE CRUSTACEAN THAT IS DIPPED IN BUTTER AND SERVED UP FOR A LUXURIOUS DINNER. BUT THE STATE IS ALSO KNOWN FOR HAVING THE OLDESTOPULATION IN THE NATION. THE MEDIAN AGE HERE IS 43, AND THE TREND HAS SOME LOCAL BUSINESSES CONCERNED. DANA CONNORS IS THE PRESIDENT OF THE MAINE STATE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

>> RIGHT NOW 400,000 OR ONE-THIRD OF OUR POPULATION IS AT RETIREMENT, HAS RECENTLY RETIRED OR IS ABOUT TOR RETIE.

>> Sreenivasan: IN OO REVERSE THAT AGING WORKFORCE, LAWMAKERS CAME UP TO AN IDEA, AN OFFER TOL RECENT COLEGE GRADUATES, COME AND LIVE AND WORK IN MAINE, AND WE'LL HELP YOU PAY OFF YOUR STUDENT LOAN.

>> COME BACK HOME. WE'LL HELP YOU PAY OFF YOUR STUDENT DEBT.

>> I HAVE THE BIRD.

>> Sreenivasan: PATTY OWNS A LOCAL BREWERY. SHE WAS ONE OF THE SPONSORS OF MAINE'S STUDENT LOAN PAY YANG OFFER.

>> THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS FOR MY AGE GROUP WE HAVE SOME VERYOU SEISSUES FACING US AS FAR AS BEING ABLE TO BE PART OF AMERICAN DREAM. HAVE STUDENT DEBT. IT CAN BE HARD TO GET A CAR. IT CAN BE HARD TO LOOK AT OTHER JOBS. IT IS REALLY BECOMING A BARRIER TO THE NEXT STEP OF THE AMERICAN DREA S >>enivasan: ACCORDING TO THE NERVE BANK OF NORTH KOREA 2017, AMERICANS OWED $1.4 TRILLION IN STUDENTOAN DEBT, AND THE AMOUNT OF MONEY BORROWED DOUBLED IN THE PAST EIGHT YEARS. THE DEBT RELIEF COMES IN THE FORM OF A TAX CREDIT. IT ALLOWGECOLLERADUATES WHO WORK IN THE STATE TO DEDUCT STUDENT LOAN PAYMENTS FROM THEIR STATE INCOME TAX.

>> IT CAN BE OVER A TEN-YEAR PLAN. THE AMOUNT VARIES WHETHER IT'S A STEM DEGREE OR NOT. IF IT'S A STEM DEGREE, IT IS UP $5,000 CREDIT. AND IF IT'S A NON-STEM DEGREE, IT'S UP TO $3,500, $4,000.

>> Sreenivasan: DAUGHTERY TOOK OUT A STUDENT LN IN ORDER TO SAVE MONEY.ED SHE PRACK HOME AND FOR A TIME LIVED WITH HER PARENTS. SHE SAYS MANY GRADUATES WHO LEFE MAIN A FINANCIAL INCENTIVE TO RETURN.

>> A LOT OFDS OUR FRIENANT TO COME BACK THE MAINE. THEY SAY, WE SAVED UP MONEY, MAYBE WE'LL BE ABLE TO RETURN. THERE'S A REAL STROKE DRAW TO COME HOME, BUT THEY ARE NOT ABLE TO PULL DOWN THE TYPES O SALARIES THAT THEY CAN GET IN BOSTON, NEW YORK, WASHINGTON, D.C.

>> WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

>> Sreenivasan: ERICA SKIFF TOOK OUT $70,000 TO EARN A BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN NURSING FROM ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE.

>> IT'S OVERWHELMING WH YOU GO THROUGH SCHOOL. YOU DON'T THINK ABOUT IT. LLEN YOU GRADUATE AND IT'S LIKE, OH, I HAVE TO PAY THIS BACK NOW. YEAH, IT DEFINITELY OVERWHELMING EACH MONTH. CAN YOU SMILE?

>> Sreenivasan: THIS SUMMER SHE AND HER HUSBAND ELIAS D THEIR FIRST CHILD. ERICA WAS GIVE AN FOUR-WEEK MATERNITY LEAVE FROM HER NURSNG JOB AT 66% OF HER NORMAL PAY. AT 33%, THAT' A SIGNIFICANT G NT IN THE FINANCES.

>> Sreenivasan: USE REUCATIONAL TAX CREDIT, ERICA IVED $4,500 A YEAR.

>> THAT CREDIT ALLOWS US A LITTLE MORE WIGGLE ROOM THAN WE NORMALLY HAVE. I'M ABLE TO STAY HOME WITHOUT FEELING THE BURDEN SO MUCH OF NOT HAVING THE PAY THAT I NORMALLY WOULD HAVE AT WORK.

>> IT'S AISSUE IN MAINE LIKE IT IS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

>> Sreenivan: NATE WILES MARKETS THE TAX CREDIT FOR A CAMPAIGN CALLED "LIVE AND WORK IN MAINE." WE WALKED THROUGH DOWNTN PORTLAND AS HE EXPLAINED HOW IMPORTANT A PECONDARY DEGREE CAN BE TO EMPLOYERS.

>> THE COMMITMENT MAINE HAS MADE TO THOSE WITH A HIGHER EDUCATION SAYS A DOLLAR IS A DOLLAR, BUT I STUDENT DE RECOGNITION YOU'VE INVESTED IN YOURSELF, YOU'VE GIVEN YOURSELF SKILLS ER TWO, FOU SIX, EIGHT, PLUS YEARS THAT YOU DIDN'T HAVE BEFORE AND NOW ADDS VALUE TO YOU IN THE WORKPreLACE. >>ivasan: THE CREDIT IS ALSO AN ATTEMPT BY MAINE TO UPSCALE THEIR WORKF.OR CLIFF JOHNSON, THE PRESIDENT OF RCNNEBEC TECHNOLOGIES SAYS TODAY'S WORKCALLS FOR A SECONDARY EDUCATION. THE COMPANY PRODUCES GH-PRECISION PARTS FOR AEROSPACE DEFENSE AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES. JOHNSON SAYS HIGHER EDUCATION IS NECESSARY TO BE GLOBA COMPETITIVE.

>> IN AND OF ITSELF, A BATCH ALREADY'S DEGREE, A PIECE OF PAPER IS NOT A REQUIREMENT, UT WE WORK IN A VERY SOPHISTICATED ENVIRONMT. WHAT WE DOS DRIVEN BY THE HPECTATIONS OF THE MARKET. AND YOU HAVE TOE THAT WORKFORCE IN ORDER TO CHEPLY WITH EXPECTATIONS.

>> Sreenivasan: FOR DREW LEEMAN, A DESIGN SUPERVISOR AT GENERAL DYNAMIC'S PATH IRON WORKS FACILITY.

>> THIS IS A 300-FOOT SHIP.WH

>> SreenivasanHELPS DESIGN NAVY VESSELS, THE TAX RELIEF GOES TOWARD $110,000 IN UDENT LOAN. HOW DOES THAT $4,000 IMPACT YOUR LIFE?

>> IT IMPACTS ME GREATLY. GETTING IT IN BULK RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR FROM A TAX CREDIT, YOU CAN DO WHATEVER YOU WANT WITH IT. YOU CAN BUY A NEW CAR, BUY A NEW HOUSE, YOU CAN DO A T WITH $4,000.

>> Sreenivasan: MATTHEW GLASS ING MAINE FOR LE WORK BUT DECIDED TO STAY AND OPEN HIS OWN BUSINESS.

>> ORDER FOR LOU.

>> Sreenivasan: THE TAX CREDIT MEANT HE CANOUR MONEY BACK INTO THE FOOD TRUCK CAFEÉ HE OPENED THREE YEARS AGO. SO HOW MUCH OONSIDERATION DID YOU GIVE THE TAX BREAKS IN DECIDING WHETHER TOK AROUND OR NOT?

>> QUITE A BIT. MY AMOUNT IS $373 A MONTH THAT I CAN GET BACK, IF MAXIMUM REIMBURSEMENT, WHICH IS MORE THAN MY MONTHLY PAYM SO ESSENTIALLY MY STUDENT LOADS ARE PAID IN FULL BY THE STATE AS LONG AS I STAY.

>> Sreenivas: AS FOR MADI'S STUDENT LOAN DEAD, SHE QUAFIED TOO EARLY FOR THE TAX CREDIT AND SHE CANNOT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM. SO HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE YOU TO GET OUT OF DEBTE ? U OUT?

>> 2340E7. NOPE. I STILL HAVE $4,982 LEFT, NOT THAT I CHECKED THIS MORNING.

>> Sreenivasan: IN MAINE FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Woodruff: THE UNITED STATES HAS NOW BEEN FIGHTING IN AFGHANISTAN FOR 17 YEARS. FOR THAT ENTIRE TIME, DR. ABDULLAH ABDULLAH HAS SAT AT T FOREFRONT OF AFGHAN POLITICS. HE TWICE RAN FOR PRESIDENT IN FRAUD-RIDDLED ELECTIONS, AND TWICE LOST. AFTER A BITTER POST-ELECTION FIGHT IN 2014 WITH EVENTUAL WINNER ASHRAF GHANI, ABDULLAH SIGNED A POWER-SHARING AGREEMENT AND BECAME "CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER." THE TALIBAN AND OTHER INSURGENTS STILL CONDUCT DAILY ATTACKS, AND THE COUNTRY'S STABILITY REMAINS IN DOUBT. TO DISCUSS ALL THIS, NICK SCHIFRIN RECTLY SAT DOWN WITH ABDULLAH IN NEW YORK. EC Schifrin: DR. ABDULLAH ABDULLAH, CHIEF TIVE OF AFGHANISTAN, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> YOU'RE WELCOME.

>> Schifrin: THERE ARE NOW 26 DISTRICTS UNDER TALIBAN CACTROL RDING TO YOUR GOVERNMENT, MORE THAN 5,000 CIVILIANS BECAME CASUALTIES LAST YEAR ACCORDING TO THE U.N., ONE OF THE HIGHE TOTALS EVER. WHY DO YOU THINK THERE HASN'T BEEN MORE PROGRESS IN AFGHANISTAN?

>> THAT'S ONE SIDE OF THE PICTURE, WHICHS CHALLENGING, OF COURSE. IT IS CHALLENGE FOR US. THE OTHER SIDE OF THE PICTURE SHOWS PROGRESS LIVES OF THE CITIZENS AND THE ECONOMY AND THE EDUCATION, SERVICES, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT. ENGESECURITY IS A CHALL THAT ABSORBS MOST OF OUR RESOURCES, ENERGY AND TIME.

>> Schifrin: ABOUT A YEAR AGO PRESIDENT TRUMP ANNOUNCED A NEW SOUTH ASIA STRATEGY.

>> MY ORIGINAL INSTINCT WAS TO PULL OUT, AND HISTORICALLY, I LIKE FOLLOWING MY INSTIchNCTS. >>rin: PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS EXPRESSED SCEPTICISM ABOUT KEEPING TROOPS IN AFGHANISTAN. DO YOU THINK THE STRATEGY IS SUSTAINABLE?

>> TO MAKE IT WORK, OF COURSE, PART OF IT IS FOR DE INHE COUNTRY AS AUTHORITIES AS WELL AS THE CITIZENS OF THAT COUNTRY, AND PART OF IT IS THE COOPERATION FROM THE REGION, WHICH THE STRTEGY HAS A REGIONAL ASPECT IN IT. ANOTHER PA OF IT IS THE SANCTUARIES.

>> Schifrin: YOU USED THE WORD "SANCTUARY." ARE YOU REFERRING TO PAKISTAN?

>> YES. THAT PART OF THE ISSUE REMAINS TO BE AN IMPEDIMENT, A CHALLENGE.

>> Schifri THE U.S. HAS SPENT $750 BILLION ON SECURITY IN AFGHANISTAN AND $125 BILLION ON RECOSTRUCTION. THOSE OF US WHO LIVE IN ENAFGHANISTAN KNOW IT HAS ABOUT THE MONEY. BUT IT HAD BEEN 17 YEARS. WHY DO YOU BELIEVE THIS STRATEGY CAN SUCCEED WHERE THE LAST 17 YEARS OF STRATEGY HASN'T PRODUCED THE RESULTS THAT WERE PROMISED?

>> THERE WAS DETRACTION. ENGAGEMENT IN IRAQ WAS ONE DISTRACTION. THE ANNOUNCEMENT IN 2012, THAT WAS ANOTHER DETRACTION, AND THAT AFFECTED THE SECURITY SITUATION, THE ECONOMIC SITUATION, AND ALSO THE CALCULUS OFENDS AND FOES TOWARD AFGHANISTAN. THESE ARE BEHIND US NOW. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AFGHAN FECURITY FORCES, MAINLY SECURITY AND DEE FORCES, THAT'S BIG SHIFT. SO THAT MEANS THAT THE U.S. IS NOT HAVING THE SAME BUREN ON ITS SHOULDERS AS IT USED TO HAVE.

>> Schifrin: WHAT A COMMITMENT FROM SENIOR AFGHANS TO THE UNITED STATES? THERE HAVE BEEN SOME PROMINENT LITICAL FIGURES, SOME PARLIAMENTARIANS RECENTLY WHO QUESTIONED THTHE UTILITY BILATERAL SECURITY AGREEMENT BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN AND THE UNITED STATES. T DOT SIGNAL AN EROSION OF TRUST IN NATO AND THE UNITED STATES ON THE AFGHAN PART?

>> IOULD SAY THAT... I WOULD CONSIDER THAT RT OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH. THERE WAS A MEETING. THERE WAS A GET-TOGETHER OF SOME POLITICAL LEADERS WHICH HAD DEVELOPED THEIR N OPINIONS IN THE PAST THROW YEARS BASED ON DIFFENT REASONS. AT TIMES, YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER, WHEN WE HAVE CITIZEN CASUALTIES AS A RESULT OF MILITARY OPERATION, PEOPLE ARE UPSET. WE DON'T EXPECT THOSE TRAGEDIES, THOSE LOSSES TO AFFECT ALL OF US, INCLUDING US IN THE GOVERNMENT.

>> Schifrin: THE U.S. HAS BEGUN TALKS WITH THE TALIBAN ABOUT FUGRE PEACE IATIONS. HAVE YOU SEEN ANY EVIDENCE THE TALIBAN IS SERIOUS ABOUT THIS UND OF TALKS, MORE SERIOUS PERHAPS THAN THEY HAVE BEEN ABOUT PREVIOUS ROUNDS?

>> THAT RINS TO BE SEEN. THE TALIBAN SO FAR HAS NOSHOWN REAL INTENTIONS. FROM TIME TO TIME THEY'VE PARTICIPATED IN SOME CONTE WITH TALKS, AND THEN THEY USE THAT ONLY FOR P.R. PURPOSES, WHICH WERE N THE PURPOSE OF THOSE MEETINGS OR WITH THOSE PNTACTS. THERESSURE ON TALIBAN INSIDE AFGHANISTAN SHOULD CONTIE MILITARY SECURITY-WISE, AND OUTSIDE AFGHANISTAN ALSO, THEY SHOULD FEEL PRESSURE.

>> Schifrin: TRE USED TO BE A LOT MORE PRESSURE ON THEM TCAUSE THERE USED TO BE 100,000 U.OPS. WHY WOULD THEY COME TO THE TABLE AND SPEAK DIRECTLY TO YOU, THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT, WHICH THE U.S. IS ASKING FOR, WHEN THEY WOUL'T IN THE PAST?

>> NOW TALIBAN DON'T HAVE THE SAME EXCUSE AS THEY WERE USING, BECAUSE THEY ARE FACG THE AFGHAN FORCES. THE AFGHAN CIVILIAN FORCES WERE NON-EXISTENT 17 YEARS BACK. PART OF THIS STRATEGY IS TO DOUBLE THE SIDES OF O COMMANDO FORCES, WHICH ARE EFFECTIVE FORCES, THE AIR FORCE. THESE ARE CAPABILITIES WHICH WILL ENABLE US TO PURSUE A DUAL TRACK. ONE IS TO PROTECT OUR CITIZENS. A SECOND ONE IS T FOD OUT WHENEVER THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR TALKS AND NEGOTIATIONS AND TO CAPITALIZE ON IT.

>> Schifrin: PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN APRIL ALMOST YOU BE RUNNING WITH PRESIDENT GHANI OR AGAI IT HIM?

>> THES A SOLID COMMITMENT ON MY PART TO HELP THE UNITY GOVERNMENT FUNCTION UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF ITS MANDATE. TO RUN WITH PRESIDENT GHANI IS NOT AN OPTION FOR ME AS THE SAME KEN AS ANY OTHER CANDIDATE.

>> Schifrin: TODAY YOU'RE IN THE UNITED STATES. WHAT'S YOUMESSAGE TO U.S. OFFICIALS YOU'RE MEETING WITH AND TO AMERICAN VIEWERS WHO MIGHT STILL BE SCEPTICAL ABOUT THE WAR?

>> THE U.S. HAS MADE A B INVESTMENT IN PEACE, IN FACT, AND STABILITY OFART OF THE EORLD. WE ARE GRAFUL. OUR PEOPLE ALSO HAVE MADE BIG SACRIFICES. TOGETHER WE HAVE BEEN THROUGH THIS JOURNEY. MY MESSAGE IS THAT IT IS DOABLE. IT IS ALSO IN THE INTEREST OFAC AND STABILITY IN THAT PART RF THE WORLD THAT WE COMPLETE THIS JY TOGETHER.

>> Woodruff: ON OUR BOOKSHELF TONIGHT, PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN AND AUTH DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN, ON "LEADERSHIP IN TURBULENT TIMES." I SAT DOWN WITH HER RECENTLY AND BEGAN OUR CONVERSATION BY ASKING HOW SHE CAME UP WITH THE IDEA FOR THIS, HER EIGHTH BOOK.>> HEN I BEGAN IT FIVE YEARS AGO THERE WAS A FEELING THAT WASHINGTON WAS BROKEN, THAT BIPAISANSHIP HAD BEEN LOST AND I DECIDED I WANTED TO LOOK BACK AT OTHER PRESIDENTS, MY GUYS ESPECIALLY, I CALL THEMEC THATSE I'VE LIVED WITH THEM FOR SO LONG, WHEN THEY HAD GOTTEN TO LRE CLENGING TIMES EVEN THAN OURS AND YET SOMEHOW WERE ABLE TO PULL THE CITIZENS AND THE LEADERS TOGETHER TO MAKE THE COUNTRY EVE BETTE THEN IT GOT EVEN MORE TURBULENT AS TIME WENT ON.

>> Woouff: ONE THING I NOTICE, ON THE BACK COVER, YOU HAVE POSITIVE COMMENTS, THEY NALL THEM BLURBS FROM WARR BUFFETT AND JIM COLLINS, WHO IS KNOWN FOR THE BOOK "GOOD THE GREAT." THESE ARE BUSINESS PEOPLE. DOES THAT TELL US THIS IS A DIFFERENT KIND OF HISTORY BOOK?

>> AT ONE POEAT I WAS KING TO A LOT OF GROUPS OVER THESE LAST COUPLE DECADES BUT ALSO TO COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, AND A KID RAISED HIS HAND AND SAID, HOW CAN I EVER BECOME ONE OF THESE GUYS. THEY'RE ON MOUNT RUSHMORE, IT'S TOO HARD TO BECOME THEM. I THOUHT, WHAT IF I WRITE ABOUT THEM WHEN THEY FIRST START TO RUN FOR OFFICE WHEN THEY'RE 23 AND 25 AND 28 AND WHEN THEY'RE STILL UNFORM AND WHEN THEY MAKE MISTAKES AND SCREW UP THINGS. THEN MAYBE YOUNG PEOPLE CAN ASPIRE TO BE LEADERS. I WOULD JUST LOVE IT IF MORE PEOPLE I ITHIS COUNTRY WENTO PUBLIC LIFE, WENT INTO LEADERSHIP POSITIONS, BECAUSE THAT'S WHAT WE NEED RIGHT NOW.

>> Woodruff: AND OF COURSE, THE FOUR YOU CHOOSE TO FOCUS ON IS ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THEODORE ROOSEVELT, FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND LYNDON JOHNSON. YOU USE THE T "MREWING UP" AND YOU FOCUS ON THE PROBLEMS THEY FACE EARLIER IN THEIR LIVES. WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?

>> PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN THROUGH DIFFICULT TIMES AND COME THROGH WITH RESILIENCE, THERE IS A STRENGTH AND WISDOM. THEY'VE LEARNED FROM THEIR MISTAKES. E LEARNED FROM WHAT FATE MIGHT DEAL THEM. LINCOLN HAD A NEAR SUICIDAL DEPRESSION WHEN HE BROKE HIS PROMISE TO HIS CONSTITUENTSES AND MARY. THEY HAD TO TAKE KNIVES AND SCISSORS FROM HIS ROOM. HE COMES OUT OF THAT SAYING, I'D JUST AS SOON DIE NOW BUTI HAVE NOT ACCOMPLISHED ANYTHING TO MAKE ANYONE KNOW I HAVE LIVED. TEDDY ROOSEVELT LOSES HIS WIFE AND MOTHER. BY BEING IN THE WEST, HE ABSORBS THIS LOVE OF NATURE AND HE BECOMES A WESTERNER AS WELL AS AN EASTERNER. F.D.R. HAS POLIOEN WHEN HE TOOK UP THAT REHAB CENTER IN ONE SPRING AND HE WAS DOC ROOSEVELT HISELLOW POLIO PATIENTS, HE A LIFETHEM HOW TO LIV OF JOY EVEN IF THEY WERE PARALYZED. THAT'S WHAT HE WAS ABLE TO DO WITH THE COUNTHEN IT'S PARALYZED. LBJ HAS EAA MASSIVE ATTACK AND HE SAYS, WHAT IF I DIE NOW, WHAT WOULD BY REMEMHEBERED FOR. OES RIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE SENATE, GOES RIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE PRESIDENCY. SO SOMETHING HAPPENS WHEN YOU GO THROUGH A HA TIME. YOU COME THROUGH IT WITH RESILIENCE, A REALLY IMPORTANT QUALITY. IT DOESN'T HAVE TO B AS HARROWING, BUT IT HAS TO BE SOMETHING.

>> Woodruff: YOU DESCRIBE THE ADVERSITY, BUT IS THERE SOME SECRET SAUCE, SOME MAGIC FORMULA THAT WE SHOULD LEARN FROM WHAT THEY WENT THROUGH? THAT'S WHAT SOME PEOPLE LOOK THIS AND THEY SAY, I WANT TO KNOW. WHAT IS THE MAGIC FORMULA?

>> THERE IS NO MAGIC TRICK. IN FACT, THERE IS NO CLEAR TRAJECTORY FOR ANY OF THEM TO REACH THE TOP OF THE PSIDEY. THERE IS A FAMILY RESEMBLANCE OF TRAITS I WOULD ARGUE, HUMILITY IS ONE OF THEM, EMPATHY, IF YOU CAN DEVELOP EMPATHY EVEN IF N YOU' BORN WITH IT. RESILIENCE AS WE'VE JUST BEEN TALKING AB RT. SEAROLITICS. BEING ABLE TO ACKNOWLEDGE ERRORS. BUILD A THEME YOU CAN SHARE CREDIT AND YOU CAN SHOULDER BLAME IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG. LEARNING HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH PEOPLE. BUT MOST IMPORTA, AT SOME POINT, AMBITION FOR THE SELF BECAME AMBITION FOR SOMETHING LARGER. AND THAT'S WHAT UNITED ALL OF THESE DISPARATE CHARACTERS.

>> Woodruff: IT'S STRIKING THAT THE FIRST WORD YOU USED, DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN, WAS HUMILIN. WE DON'T T OF THAT NECESSARILY WHEN WE THINK ABOUT OUR GREAT LEADERS, OUR PRESIDENTS, DO WE? >>S THINK I BECAUSE WE THINK OF HUMILITY AS HUMBLENESS, AND THAT'S NOT WHAT IT ANS. IT MEANS AN AWARENESS OF YOUR LIMITATIONS SO YOU CAN LEARN FROM THEM. TEDDY ROSE VEL HAD A SWELLED HEAD IN THE STATE LEGISLATURE. HE WAS BLISTERING AND RETURARNIG ND AND SAYING TERRIBLE THINGS ABOUT HIS OPPONENTS AND GETTING NOWHERE. TH COULDN'T GET ANYTHINUGH THE LEGISLATURE. SO HE FINALLY SAID, I LEARNED THAT I HAD TO COLLABORATE AND COMPROMISE. THAT'S THE HUMILITY OF LEARNING FROM YOUR ERRORS.n:

>> SchifN A WAY THIS IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY, ISN'T IT?

>> IN SOME WAYS IT'S THE MOST PERSONAL BOOKS. I WANTED TO GET INSIDE THE HEADS OF THESE PEOPLE. I HAD WRITTEN BIOGRAPHIESAND FAMILIES AND HISTORY. I WANTED TO KNOW WHEN DID THEYIN FIRST OF THEMSELVES AS LEADERS. WHEN DID OTHER PEOPLE RECOGNIZE THEM. WHERE DOES AMBITION COMFROM. ALL THESE QUESTIONS ARE SO INTERESTING.

>> Woodruff: DID YOU GET ANSWER CENTERS.

>> NOT ANSWERS I JUST COULD EXPLORE THINGS. I DON'T THINK THERE'S AN EASY AANSWER. FOR LE, AMBITION CAME LATER TO F.D.R. HE SEEMED LIKE ABORDINARY STUDENT AT HARVARD. HE SEEMED LIKE AN OKAY STUDENT AT COLUMBIA. HE WAS NOT EVEN A PARTNER, A CLERK IN A LAW FIRM. SOMEBODY COMES TO HIM AND SAYS, WOULD YOU LIKE TO RUN FOR THE SEAT IN DUCHESS DOWN TIM HE SAYS, YES! HE GETS OUT ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL. HE'S BARNSTORMING. HE'S AN ABSOLUTE NATURAL. HE WHATPH PHILO WILLIAM JAMES SAID, SOMETIMES YOU FIND THAT VOICE WITHIN YOU THAT SAYS, THIS IS THE REAL ME, THIS IS WHAT I WANT TO BE. THEY ALL FOUND THAT AT A CERTAIN POINT IN THEIR LIFE. POLITICS WAS THEIR LOVE. IT WAS THEIR VOCATION AS WELL AS THEIR AVOCATION.

>> Woodruff: SO IF YOU RUN INTO TT COLLEGE STUDENT WHO CONFRONTED YOU A FEW YEARS AGO AND HE OR SHE SAYS,LL RIGHT, CAN I DO THIS, CAN ANSWER IS,

>> YES, BUT YOU MAY FA AND YOU MAY FAIL AGAIN. YOU HAVE TO KEEP TRYING.

>> Woodruff: DORIS KEARNS GOODWIN, THE BOOK IS "LEADERSHITI IN TURBULENT S." THANK YOU.

>> YOU ARE MOST WELCOME. CHoodruff: THIS AFTERNOON WE LA "THAT MOMENT WHEN," PBS NEWSHOUR'S LATEST FACEBOOK WATCH SHOW, A SPECIAL VIDEO ON DEMAND SECT THE SOCIAL MEDIA TUTE. APPEARING EVERDAY AT 3:00 P.M. AND HOSTED BY CONTRIBUTOR STEVE GOLDBLOOM, THE CREATOR OF R BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR SERIES, THIS NEW SERIES TELLS THE BEHIND-THE-SCENES STORIES OF SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE. IN OUR DEBUT EPISODE, CIVIL T GHTS LAWYER BRYAN STEVENSON SHARES TMENT WHEN HE DECIDED TO VALUE REDEMPTION OVER REVENGE.

>> CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE MOMENT WHEN YOU FIRSTISITED DEATH ROW AND THE EXPERIENCE THAT THAT LEFT YOU?

>> I TOOK A COURSE THAT REQUIRED ME TO SPEND A MONTH WITH AN ORGANIZATION PROVIDING LEGAL SERVICES TO PEOPLE ON DEATH ROW AND THAT'S WHAT GOT ME TO DEATH ROW. AND I WAS COMPLETELY UNPREPARED, BUT THEY ASKED ME TO EXPLAIN TO SOMEBODY THAT HE'S NOT AT RISK OF EXECUTION ANYTIME IN THE NEXT YEAR. THAT WAS MY TASK. AND I WENT TO GEORGIA'S DEATH ROW AND I WAS SOERVOUS AND DISTRAUGHT THAT WHEN THIS MAN WALKED IN, I WAS A BIT OVERWHELMED. AND WHAT I REMEMBERED ABOUT HIM IS JUST HOW BURDENED WITH CHAINS HE WAS. HE HAD HANDCUFFS ON HIS WRIST, THEY HAD CHAIN AROUND HIS WAIST, HE HAD SHACKLES ON HIS ANKLES. IT TOOK THEM 10 MINUTES TO UNCHAIN HIM. AND WHEN THEY DID, HE WALKED OVER AND I BEGAN TO APOLOGIZE. I SAID, "I'M SORRY I'M JUST A LAW STUDENT. I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT THE DECHH PENALTY, I DON'T KNOW ABOUT CRIMINAL APPEALS OR PROCEDURE, I THEN SAID THEY SENT ME DOWN HERE TO TELLHAT NEU'RE NOT AT RISK OF EXECUTION, ANY TIME IN TH YEAR. AND I WAS SURPRISED THAT WHEN I SAID INAT, THE MAN SAID, "WAIT, WAIT, WAIT, SAY THAT " I SAID YOU'RE NOT AT RISK OF EXECUTION ANYTIME IN THE NEXT YEAR. AND THE MAN SAID, "WAIT, WAIT, SAY THAT AGAIN." OI SAID, YOU'RE NOT AT RI EXECUTION ANYTIME IN THE NEXT YEAR AND THAT'S WHEN THIS MAN GRABBED MY HANDS AND HE SAID," THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU," HE SAID, "YOU'RE THE FIRST PERSON I'VE MET IN TWO YEARS I'VE BEEN ON DEATH ROW WHOW NOT A DEATH ISONER OR DEATH ROW GUARD." HE SAID, "I'VE BEEN TALKING TO MY WIFE AND KIDS ON THE PHONE, BUT I HAVEN'T LET THEM COME AND VISIT BECAUSE I WAS AFRAID XEEY'D SHOW UP AND I WOULD HAVE ANTION DATE." HE SAID, "NOW, BECAUSE OF YOU, I'M GOING TO SEE MY WIFE AND I'M GOING SEE MY KIDS." AND I COULDN'T BELIEVE HOW, EVEN IN MY IGNORANCE, BNG PROXIMATE TO SOMEONE, SHOWING UP FOR SOMEONE, UH, I COULDN'T BELIEVE THE DIFFERENCE THAT IT COULD MAKE IN SOMEONE'S LIFE.

>> Woodruff: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:

>> THE FORD FOUNDATION. WORKING WITHISIONARIES ON THE FRONTLINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE WORLDWIDE.

>> CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. SUPPORTING INNOVATN,NS IN EDUCATEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT, AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY. AT carnegie.org.

>> AND WIT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS.

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION CAR PUBLIC BROING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org ♪ - This week, we travel to Paris to ake three desserts you may not have heard of. The first is very simple. It's a rustic apple cake-- sliced apples in a cake batter in a springform pan. Then blogger David Lebovitz shows up at Milk Street to make a salted butter caramel mousse that's absolutely incredible. And finally, inspired by the Rose kery in Paris, we do a chocolate orange tart with a pat-in-the-pan crust. So stay tuned for the dess Mts from Paris here atk Street.