PBS NewsHour; October 16, 2018 3:00pm-4:00pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONSLLC

>> Nawaz: GOOD EVENING, I'M AMNA NAWAZ. JUDY WOODRUFF IS AWAY. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, THE SECRETARY OF STATE MEETS WITH SAUDI ROYALTY TO DISCUSS THE ALLEGED MURDER OF A JOURNALIST AND THE KINGDOM'S SHIFTING STY OF THE INCIDENT. THEN, EXACTLY THREE WEEKS TO THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS, WE LOOK AT HOW POTENTIAL VOTER SUPPRESSION MIT AFFECT THE OUTCOMES OF SEVERAL KEY RACES. AND, GRIT NOT GRADES-- WE TAKE A LOOK INSIDE A UNIQUE PROGRAM THAT'S RETHINKING COLLEGE BY HONORING PASSION AND RESILIENCE OVER TEST SCORES.

>> THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT HONORS, IS REALLY LIMITED. USUALLY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT SAT SCORES. BUT YOU NEED A LOT MORE THAN THE ABILITY TO DO WELL ON A TEST TO CHANGE THE WORLD. ON Nawaz: ALL THAT AND MOR TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> Nawaz: FROM SAUDI ARABIA TONIGHT, A NEW DENIAL IN THE DIPLOMATIC CRISIS OVERST JOURNAAMAL KHASHOGGI. PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS THE SAUDI WSOWN PRINCE TOLD HIM HE K NOTHING ABOUT KHASHOGGI'S DISAPPEARANCE AT A SAUDI CONSULATE IN TURKEY. BUT, MR. TRUMP SAYS,RINCE PROMISED A FULL INVESTIGATION. E THAT, AS SECRETARY OF STKE POMPEO MADE AN URGENT TRIP TO RIYADH. WE'LHAVE A FULL REPORT, RIGH AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY. ALSO TONIG: THE ONGOING AFTERMATH OF HURRICANE "MICHAEL." THE DEATH TOLL IN FLORIDA UBLED TODAY TO 16. THAT MAKES 26 DEATHS IN ALL, OVER FOUR STATES. BUT THERE ARE SIGNS OF RECOVERY. CELL-PHONE SERVICE LARGELY RETURNED TODAY IN THE FLORIDA PANHANDL ALVIN MIGUES IS WITH THE SALVATION ARMY'S EMERGENCYVI DISASTER SS. HE'S BEEN DISTRIBUTING FOOD AND WATER TO STORM SURVIVORS, AND JOS ME FROM PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA. ALVIN MIGUES, WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR. NOW, YOU'VE GONE DOWN THERE TO SET UP A COMMAND POST BASICALLY. GIVE US A SENSE OF WHAT KIND OF SERVICES YOU'RE PROVIDING RIGHT NOW AND HOW MANY OPLE YOU'RE SERVING IN THAT AREA.

>> AMNA, THE SALVATION ARMY CAME INTO THE AREA LAST TUESDAY FRM TEXAS, WE CAME INTO THE PANAM3 CITY AREA. WE CAME WITH 26 CANTEENS TO START IMMEDIATE SERVICE HERE. M UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THER EVACUATIONR WENT OUT TO OVER 120,000 PEOPLE, AND ONLY ABOUT 20,000 OF THEM HEEDED THE WARNING. SO THERE WERE AT LEAST 100,000 PEOPLE THAT WE WERE NEEDING TO FEED VERY QUICKLY. THAT'S OBVCHUSLY BEEN A LENGE WITH THE CONDITIONS THAT WE'RE SEEING HERE IN PANAMA CITY.

>> Nawaz: WE'VE BEEN SEEING SOME OF THOSE PICTURES, OF COURSE, THE DEVASTATION BY THOSE INCREDIBLY POWERFUL WINDS, 155mph WHEN THE HURRICANE CAME ASHORE. GIVE ME A SENSE OF WHAT YOU'VE SEEN THERE ON THE GROUND. WHAT'S THE DEVASTATION THAT YOU'RE SEEING? WHAT ARE TH NIMMEDIAEDS THAT NEED TO BE MET EVEN NOW A WEEK LATER?

>> WHEN I CE INTO TOWN, IT APPEARED AS THOUGH AN F-5 TORNADO HAD RIPPED THROUGH THIS COMMUNITY. THERE IV DAMAGE EQUENT TO WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN IN THE JOPLIN, MISSOURI, AREA A FEW YEARS AGO. I REMEMBER GOING INTO A SMALL TOWN IN ALABAMA A FEW YEARS BACK, 2010, SIMILAR CONDITIONS. BUT IS IS SO WIDESPREAD, IT'S JUST LIKE I BELIEVE THE PRESIDENT EVEN SAID YETERDAY IT LOOKED LIKE A HUGE TORNADO JUST RIPPED THROUGH THIS TOWN. THERE ARE BUILDINGS KNOCKED DOWN, THERE ARE TREES SCATTERED ABOUT. IT'S JUST TOTAL DEVASTATION POWER LINES EVERYWHERE. IT'S A MESS.

>> Nawaz: ALVIN MIGUES, YOU'VE RESPONDED TO EVENTS LIKE THIS IN THE PAST. TELL ME ABOUT SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES AND THE CHALLENGES THAT ARE UNIQUE IN THIS SITUATION.

>> ONE OF THE CHALLENGES FOR US IS JUST MOVING AROUND THE TOWN RIGHT NOW. TUESDAY WHEN WE CAME DOWN, WE STARD OVER FROM PENSACOLA TO THIS AREA EARLY IN TE MORNG AROUND 7:00, AND IT IS TYPICALLY ABOUT A TWUR DRIVE. IT TOOK US CLOSE TO SEVENSOUR TO ACTUALLY GET ON THE GROUND OVER HERE TO WHERE WE NEEDED TO NECAUSE OF THE DEBRIS, BECAUSE OF THEMBER OF PEOPLE TRYING TO GET INTO TOWN AT THE SAME TIME. THE ROADS HAVE JUST BEEN VE CONGESTED. IT TAKES AS MUCH AS AN HOUR TOYB GET TWO OR THREE MILES DOWN THE ROAD SOMETIMES.

>> Nawaz: WE UNDERSTAND BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTS THERE WAS A CURFEW IN PLACE. IS THAT STILL IN PLACE, AND HOW DOES THAT AFFECT THE WORK THAT YOU DO?

>> YES, SO THERE IS A CRFEW, AND WE TRY TO WORK AROUND THAT AS MUCH A POSSIBLE. WE DON'T WANT TO BE OUT ON THE STREETS, YOU KNOW. THE CHALLENGE IS AS DARK AS IT IS WITH NOL EECTRICITY, THERE ARE JUST DANGERS OF THINGS THAT RULD BE HANGING DOWN LOW THAT YOU DON'T WANT T INTO. YOU CAN'T SEE THEM BECAUSE IT'S JUST PITCH BLACK. SO AFTER THE SUN GOES DOWN, ITS REALLY A SAFETY ISSUE FOR EVERYBODY, BUT WE WORKED DILIGENTLY TO GET OUR CREWS OUT WITH THEIR FOOD AS EARLY AS POSSIBLEO THAT THEY'RE BACK ON THE ROAD HEADED BACK INTO OURG STAGEA, YOU KNOW TO, TRY TO BE IN BEFORE... AS POWER COMES BACK O WE'LL BE ABLE TO START TO DO SOME DIFFERENT THINGS. RIGHT NOW IT'S MAINLY FEEDING AND HYDRATION. WE'LL START LOOKING AT DOI SOME TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS, CLEANING SUPPLIES, OSE TYPES OF THINGS, AND ONCE WE CAN GET THOSE COMMODITIES IN HERE.

>> Nawaz: ALVIN MIGUES OF THE SALVATION ARMY, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YO

>> Nawaz: IN THE DAY'S OTHER THE U.S. MILITARY SAID I KILLED AT LEAST 60 AL-SHABAB EXTREMISTS IN SOMALIA, IN AN AIR STRIKE ON FRIDAY. IT'S THE DEADLIEST ATTACK ON THE GROUP SINCE LAST NOVEMBER, AND U PART OF EXPAND. OPERATIONS SINCE PRESIDENT TRUMP TOOK OFFICE. AL-SHABAB SEEKS TO ESTABLISH ANA EXTREMIST C STATE IN SOMALIA. JUST A YEAR AGO, IT KILLED MORE THAN 500 PEOPLE IN A TRUCK BOMBING IN MOGADISHU, THE SOMALI CAPITAL. IN AFGHANISTAN, OFFICIALS SAY DOZENS OF POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILL IN OVERNIGHT ATTACKS BY THE TALIBAN. THE FIRST ATTACK TARGETED A CHECKPOINT IN NORTHEAST SAMANGAN PROVINCE. THE SECOND STRUCK THE CENTRAL PROVINCE OF DAIKUNDI. THE NEW VIOLENCE COMES JT DAYS AHEAD OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS THAT THE TALIBAN HAS VOWED TO DISRUPT. SEVERAL THOUSAND MIGRANTS FROM HONDURAS RESUMED MARING TODAY, THROUGH GUATEMALA, HEADING FORTH E U.S. BORDER, AND PROMPTING A WARNING FROM PRESIDENT TRUMP. HE TWEETED THAT IF THE CARAVAN IS NOT STOPPED, THEN "NO MORE MONEY OR AID WILL BE GIVEN TO HONDURAS, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY!" MOST IN THE CARAVAN ARE MAKING THE JOURNEY ON FOOT. MANY SAY THEY HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO FLEE THEIR HOME COUNTRIES.an

>> ( ated ): THE REASON FOR BEING PART OF THIS MARCH IS TO BE PART OF THE AMERICAN DREAM, TO IMPROVE OURSELVES, AGAIN, FOR OUR CHILDREN, FOR OUA LY. WE'RE MOTIVATED BY THE MANY SHORTAGES WE FACE IN OUR COUNTR

>> Nawaz: LATE TODAY THE GOVERNMENT OF HONDURAS ISSURD A STATEMENNG PEOPLE NOT TO JOIN THE CARAVAN. A SECOND MIGRANT GROUP MADE ITS WAY TOWARD THE U.S. BORDER LAST APRIL BEFORE BREAKING UP. THE UMP ADMINISTRATION REPOR 66 MIGRANT CHILDREN, WHO WERE SEPARATED FROM THEIR FAMILIES, ARE STILL IN FEDERAL CUSTODY. THE INFORMATION, IN A NEW COURT FILING, SAYS THE PARENTS OF 50 OF THE CHILDREN HAVE ALREADY BEEN DEPORTED. THSEPARATIONS WERE INITIAL PART OF THE PRESIDENT'S ZERO TOLERANCE IMMIGRATION POLICY. INA'S COMMUNIST PARTY IS DEFENDING THE MASS INTERNMENT OM MUINORITIES, IN THE FACE OF INTERNATIONAL CONDEMNATION. EOAN ESTIMATED ONE MILLIONE ARE BEING HELD IN CAMPS IN WESTERN CHINA. BUT A PARTY REPORTAYS THE CAMPS ARE "VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTERS" DESIGNED TO BRINGTH PEOPLE INTMODERN WORLD. FORMER DETAINEES SAY THEY WERE FORCED TO DENOUNCE ISLAM AND PLEDGE LOYALTY TO THE PARTY INSTEAD. A PRE-EMPTIVE BLACKOUT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA MOSTLY ENDED TODAY, AS HIGH WINDS ABATED AND WILDFIRE DANGERS EASED. ON SUNDAY, PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC DELIBERATELY HAD CUT POWER TO 60,000 CUSTOMERS. IT WAS THE FIRST USE OF A NEW POLICY TO PREVENT DOWNED POWER LINES FROM SPARKING FIRES, AND IT BROUGHT DIVIDED REACTIONS.

>> GETTING WORD THAT ITS GOING TO BE 48 HOURS, UPWARDS OF FIVE DAYS, IT'S RIDICULOUS. IT DOESN'T MAKE ANY SENSE. I DON'T KNOWHAT TO SAY, I'M MBFOUNDED.

>> I UNDERSTAND WHY THEY'RE DOING IT, BE SAFE THAN SORRY. IT'S UP TO US NOW TO DEAL WITH NEW NORMALS.

>> Nawaz: THE UTILITY IS ALREADY LIABLE FOR BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN DAMAGES FROM DERUCTIVE FIRES EARLIER THIS YEAR. EALTH OFFICIALS REPORT A SPIKE IN A RARE, PARALYZING ILLNESS THAT MOSTLY AFFLICTS YOUNG CHILDREN. ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS CAN AFFECT THE FACE, NECK, BACK AND LIMBS, BUT SO FAR, THE CAUSE IS UNKNOWN. NTTHE CENTERS FOR DISEASE L AND PREVENTION REPORTS 62 CONFIRMED CASES IN 22 STATES THIS YR. ANOTHER 65 ARE BEING INVESTIGATED. SIMILAR WAVES OCCURRED IN 2014 MD 2016. FORMER CONGRESSWOMY BONO HAS RESIGNED FROM U.S.A. GYMNASTICS JUST FOUR DAYS AFTER ING NAME INTERIM C.E.O. IT'S THE LATEST BLOW TO THE BODY AFTER A SEXUAL ABUSE SCAAL SEVERAL LEADING GYMNASTS CRITICIZED BONO PARTLY OVER PAST WORK FOR A LAW FIRM HIRED BY U.S.A. GYMNASTICS DURING THE PRESIDENT TRUMP TODAY MOCKED THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF STORMY DANIELS, AFTER A FEDERAL JUDGE DISMISSED HER DEFAMATION AGAINST HIM. IN A TWEET, MR. TRUMP CALLED DANIELS "HORSEFACE" AND SAID: SHE "KNOWS NOTHING ABOUT ME." NIELS HAS CLAIMED AN AFFAIR WITH MR. TRUMP IN 2006, WHICH HE DENIES.EP IN AATE SUIT, SHE IS SEEKING RELEASE FROM AN AGREEMENT THAT PAID HER $130,000 NOT TO TELL HER STORY. ECD, ON WALL STREET, STOCKS FOUGHT BACK TO ROUP SOME OF LAST WEEK'S SSES, ON UPBEAT EARNINGS REPORTS. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE JUMPED NEARLY 548 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 25,798. THE NASDAQ ROSE 214 POINTS, AND THE S&P 50ADDED 59. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: QUESTIONS REMAIN OVER SAUDI ARABIA'SNVOLVEMENT IN THE ALLEGED MURDER OF A JOURNALIST. HOW POTENTIAL VOTER SUPPSSION COULD AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. TODAY SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO TRAVELED TO RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA, AMIDST A MAJOR CRISIS THAT THREATENS THE U..-SAUDI ALLIANCE. THERE ARE STILL MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FATE OF SAUDI JOURNALIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI, SUSPECTED OF BEING KILLED AND DISMEMBERED INSIDE SAUDI ARAABI'S

>> Schifrin: IN THE GILDED ROYAL PALACE IN RIYADH, AMERICA'S TOP DIPLOMAT MET SAUDI ARABIA'S DE FACTO RULER. AND AT A MOMENT OF MOUNTING PRESSURE, CROWN PRINCE MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN DECLARED UNITY .

>> AS WITH AMERICA AND SAUDI ARABIA, WE ARE REALLY STRONG AND OLD ALLIES. SO, WE FACE OUR CHALLENGES TOGETHER. THE PAST, THE DAY OF, TOMORROW.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> Schifrin: AFTER A HASTILY ARRANGED, 12-HOUR FLIGHT, POMPEO CONDUCTED A ROUND OF MEETINGS, IN-UDING WITH A FRAIL 82-YE OLD KING SALMAN. THE MAIN TOPIC: MISSING SAUDIWA JOURNALIST ANDINTON POST" COLUMNIST JAMAL KHASHOGGI. I O WEEKS AGO TODAY, KHASHOGGI WALKED INTO THE SANSULATE IN ISTANBUL AND VANISHED. TURKISH OFFICIALS HAVE LEAKED F C.C.T.TAGE AND ACCUSED A SAUDI HIT SQUAD OF MURDER AND DISMEMBERMENT.RO TODAY THEYDED THE "WASHINGTON POST" WITH PHOTOS OF SOME OF THE SQUAD'S PASSPORTS. THE SAUDIS CONTINUE TO DENY ANY INVOLVEMENT, INCLUDING IN A CONVERSATION TOD WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP. HE TWEETED THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN "TOTALLY DENIED ANY KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT TOOK PLACE IN THEIR TURKISH CONSULATE," AND WOULD "RAPIDLY EXPAND A FULL AND COMPLETE INVESTIGATION." BUT TURKISH OFFICIALS SAID THEIR INVESTIGATION IN THE CONSULATE,U TURNPROOF KHASOGGHI DIED INSIDE. AND TURKISH PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN SUGGESTED THE SAUDIS WERE TRYING TO CONDUCT A COVER UP. ( translated ): THE INVESTIGATION IS LOOKING INTO MANY THINGS, SUCH AS TOXIC MATERIALS, AND THOSE MLS BEING REMOVED BY PAINTING THEM OVER.

>> Schifrin: ON CAPITOL HILL, MANY LAWMAKERS ECHO THAT FRUSTRATION. SOUTH CAROLINA REPUBLICAN SENATOR LINDSEY GRAHAM TODAY CALLED FOR REMOVING CROWN PRINCD MOHAIN SALMAN.

>> I'VE BEEN THEIR BIGGEST DEFENDER ON THE FLOOR OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE.A THIS GUY IECKING BALL. HE HAD THIS GUY MURDERED IN A E NSULATE IN TURKEY, AND TO EXPECT ME TO IGN. I FEEL USED AND ABUSED. I KNOW WHAT I'M GOING TO DO. I'M GOING TO SANCTION THE HELLBI OUT OF SAUDI A THIS GUY HAS GOT TO GO. SAUDI ARABIA, IF YOU'RE LIENING: THERE ARE A LOT O GOOD PEOPLE YOU CAN CHOOSE, BUT M.B.S. HAS TAINTED YOUR COUNTRY AND TAINTED HIMSELF.

>> Schifri THAT ANGER IS KEEPING PRESSURE ON POMPEO. TONIGHT HE HAS MORE MEETINGS IN RIYADH, AND TOMORROW HE'LL FLY TO ANKARA TO MEET WITH TURKISH OFFICIALS. FOR MORE ON THIS WE HAVE DAVID ROTHKOPF, A VISITING SCHOLAR AT THE CARNEG ENDOWNMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND HOST OF THE "DEEP STATE RADIO" PODCAST. HE WRITES EXTENSIVELY ON FOREIGN EILICY ISSUES. AND GERALD FEIER A SENIOR FELLOW AND DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR GULF AFFAIRS AT THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE. FERS IS CA DIPMA D SEEDTHE INL DETY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT. WELCOME TO YOU BOTH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Schifrin: THE PRESIDENT SAID MOHAMMED BILL SALMAN HAS DENIED ANY INVOLVENT AND GAVE AN INTERVIEW WHERE HE CRITICIZED CRITICISM OF SAUDI ARABIA. WE SAW POMPEO SMILING WITHIN MOHAMMADALMAN AND POMPEO HAS RELEASED THIS STATEMENT, "MY ASSESSMENT FROM THESE ME TTINGS T THERE IS A SERIOUS COMMITMENT TO DETERMINE ALL THE FACTS AND ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY, INCLUDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR SAUDI ARABIA'S SENIOR LEARDERS SENIOR OFFICIALS." DAVID ROTHKOPF, ARE THE SAUDI BLNIALS AND THE SAUDI PROMISE TO INVESTIGATE CRE

>> WELL, OF COURSE NOT. THE SAUDIS ARE THE ONES WHO HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF PERPETRATING THIS CRIME. AND IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT A CRIME OF THIS NATURE WOULD BE APPROVED AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL. SO ESSENTIALLY WHAT POMPEO IS DOING IS PROVIDING CO FOR THE SAUDIS TO SAY, YES, WE WILL HAVE A CREDIBLE INVESTIGATION OF OURSELVES. IT REMINDS ME A BI OF VLADIMIR PUTIN OFFERING TO DO AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RUSSIAN HACK OF THE 2016 ELECTION. HAVING THE PERTROR INVESTIGATE HIMSELF IS NOT A TECHNIQUE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES USE VERY MUCH, BECSE IT'S NOT LIKELY TO PRODUCE GOOD OUTCOME. BUT THE PROBLEM IS THAT THE NICRETARY OF STATE OF THED STATES AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HAVE BENT OVER BACKWARD IN THE MEDIA FOR THE PAST 48 HOURS TO PROVIDE THE COVER THAT THES SAUED TO GO FORWARD WITH THIS. IN EFFECT, THE UNITED STATES, THE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY OF STATE ARE PLAYING PRESS OFFICERH FOKING AND THE CROWN PRINCE OF SAUDI ARABIA.

>> Schifrin: AMBASSADORS FIERSTEIN, POSSIBLE THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN DID NOT KNOW ANBUL?THIS ATTEMPT IN IST

>> WELL, AGAIN, I THINK I AGREE WITH DAVID, AND WHAT I WOULD SAY IS THAT KNOWING WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE WAY THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT HAS HAVED OVER THE YEARS, THE WAY IT'S ALWAYS BEEN EXTREMELY HIRE, A CAL, DECISION-MAKING HAS ALWAYS GONE TO VERY SENIOR LEVEL, IT'S HARD TO BELIEVE THAT SOMEBODY WOULD TAKE IT UPON THEMSELVES TO DO SOMETHING LIKE EITHER KIDNAP OR MURDER JAMAL KHASHOGGI WITHOUT HAVING DIRECTION FROM THE MOST SENIOR LEVS. I THINK IT'S VERY HARD TO BELIEVE THAT THERE'SOING TO BE A CREDIBLE STATEMENT THAT COMES OUT OF THIS UNLESS ITKN LEDGES THAT MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN PERSONALLY HAD SOME KIND EY ROLE IN IT, WHATEVER TH DECIDE AT THE END.

>> Schifrin: SO QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF THIS INVESTIGATION, QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER MBS, AS HE'S WIDELY KNOWN, DID NOT KNOW ABOUT THIS, DAVID ROTHKOPF, HOW MUCH PRESSURE SHOULD THE U.S. PUT ON SAUDI ARABIA, OR SHOULD THE U.S. TRY AND DIFFUSE THIS CRISIS?

>> I THINK THE UNITED STATES SHOULD PUT A LOT OF PRESSURE ON IT BECAUSE THEY HAVE ID THEMSELVESES SO CLOSELY WITH THE CROWN PRINCE AND WITH THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT, AN I THINK OUR INTERNATIONAL STANDING NOW DEPENDS UPON THERE ACTUALLY BEING A CREDIBLE INVESTIGATION. IF THERE IS NOT ONE, OR IF AS SEEMS LIKELY, THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT THE SAUDI LEADERSHIP ORDERED AN AMERICAN RESIDENT, PERMANENT RESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND AN EIST FOR THE "WASHINGTON POST," TO BE MURDERED OR TO BE KIDPPED AND I THINK THIS IS, YOU KNOW, KIND OF STRANGE THAT THE SAUDI DEFENSE, OH, NO, WE DIDN'T ORDERED THEM. WE JUST ORDERED TO HAVE HIM KIDNAPPED, WHICH IS A WEAK DEFENSE. BUT I THINK IF THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT THAT'S THE CANE, THE SANCTIONS ARE IN ORDER. I THINK CALLING BACK AMBDOAS ARE IN ORDER. I THINK RETHINKING AREAS OF COOPERION WITH THE SADIS IN THE NEAR TERM IS IN ORDER. I THINK YOU'VE GOT TO PULL EVERYTHING TO THEM, LOOK, THIS IS NOT ACCEPTABLE. THIS IS A BRIDGE TOO FAR. WE WILL STAND UP FOR CERKITAIN S OF PRINCIPLES. UNFORTUNATELY, TSER ABSOLUTELY NO EVIDENCE THAT THIS ADMINISTRATION HAS ANY INTENTION OF DOING ANY OFA THT.

>> Schifrin: AMBASSADOR FIERSTEIN, YOU SERVED IN SAUDI ARABIA. YOU SERVED ROSS THE GUL SAUDI ARABIA IS IMPORTANT TO U.S. INTERESTS IN THE GULF, RIGHT?

>> SAUDI ARABIA IS AN IMPORTANT PARTNER FOR THE UNITED STATES IN THE REGION FOR 70 YEARS. WE HAVE CRITICAL INTERESTS THAT WE HAVE ALWAYS PURSUED TOGETHER, THE INTEREST OF A STABLE GLOBAL T ENERGY MARKET, INTER REGIONAL SECURITY. THESE ARE AREAS WHERE THE UNITED STATES AN SAUDI ARABIA HAVE COOPERATED. 0sU CAN GO ALL THE WAY BACK TO THE 195, THE 1960s. WHAT WE DID TOGETHER IN AFGHANISTAN IN THE 1980s. SO THIS IS A LONGSTANDINGSH RELATI. BEYOND THAT, OF COURSE, YOU HAVE THE SPECIFIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES THAT THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATI HAS IDEIFIED FOR ITS OWN POLICIES INHE MIDDLE EAST. THERE ARE BASICALLY THREE AREAS WHERE THE ADMINISTRATION HAS CATED THAT THEY WANT TO MAKE PROGRESS. ONE, OF COURSE, IS THE CONFRONTATION WITH VIOLENT EXTREMIST ORGANIZATIONS, PARTICULARLY IN SYRIA AND IRAQ, BUT ALSO YEMEN AND MORE WIDELY. SECOND, OF COURSE, IS THE CONFRONTATION WITH IRAN AN THE DESIRE OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TO PUSH BACK ON IRAN'S REGIONAL AMBITIONS. ITS BALLISC MISSILE PROGRAMS AND THE OTHER ASPECTS THAT ARE OF CONCERN. AND THEN THE THIRD AREA, O COURSE, IS THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN ACCOUNT WHERE JARED SKIN -- JARED KUSHNER AND JASON GREEENBRAT H MADE THIS A PRIORITY. SAUDI ARABIA IS AN ESSENTIAL PARTNER IN ALL THREE OF THOSE SOME THIS ADMINISTRATION IS GOING TO BE EXTREMELY ANXIOUS TO TRY TO PUT THIS STOINRY BEH THEM AND MOVE ON. THE ISSUE, OF COURSE, IS THE CREDIBILITY OF WHAT HAPPENED, BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE IS NOT ONLO LD TRUMP AND HIS ADMINISTRATION, ITS THEILL. WE HEARD WHAT GRAHAM GRAHAM HAD TO SAY. IT IS ALSO THE BRDER PUBLIC.

>> Schifrin: LINDSEY GRAHAM SAID MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN NEEDS TO GO. DOES MOHAMMAD BIN SALMAN NEED TO GO?

>> I THINK QUITE POSSIBLY HE DOES. THE QUESTION IS: CAN HE REGAIN ANY OF HIS CRETYDIBI THERE HAVE BEEN A PATTERN OF ABUSES HERE, THE KIDNAPPING OF THE IME MISTER OF LEBANON, THE SITUATION IN YEMEN, THE ROUNDING UP OF PRINCES AND OTHERS AND PUTTING THEM INTO THE RITZ-CARLTON. THIS LEADERSHIP OF PARTICULARLY MOMENT BI SALMAN HAS A LOT OF DESTABILIZING STEPS THAT THEY'VE TAKEN IN THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS, AND I PERSONALLY THINK IT'S GOING TO BE VERY, VERY DIFFICULT FOR HIM TO RECOVERR THATDIBILITY IN A WAY THAT SERVES THE INTERESTS OF SAUDI ARABIA.

>> Schifrin: DAVID ROTHKOPF, AMBASSADOR JERRY FIERSTEIN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Nawaz: THREE WEEKS FROM TODAY, VOTS WILL HEAD TO THE POLLS FOR THE MIDTERM ELECTION. BUT RECENT NEWS OF ALLEGED VOTER SUPPRESSION IN SOME KEY RACES HAS MANY WONDERING IF THEY'RE STILL ABLE TO CAST THEIR BALLOTS. TO TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT WHERE VOTING RIGHTS STAND RIGHT NOW, I'M JOINED BY CAROL ANDERSON PROFESSOR OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN E STUDIES RY UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA. SHE IS AUTHOR OF THE BOOK, "ONE PERSON, NO VOTE: HOW VOTER RESSION IS DESTROYING OU DEMOCRACY." PROFESSOR ANDERSON, WELCOME TO THE NEWSHOUR. I WANT TO BEGIN B ASKING YOU ABOUT SOME MORE RECENT CONVERSATIONS ABOUT VOTERON SUPRESSI. THEY TEND TO LOOK BACK AT A 2013 SUPREME COURT DECISION TO ROLL BACK SOME OF THE PROTECTIONS OF THE HISTO 1C965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT. WHAT'S YOUR TAKE ON HOW SIGNIFICANT THAT MOVE WAS?

>> OH, THE GUTTING OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT IN THCOE SHELBY UNTY V. HOLDER DECISION OF 2013 WAS GNIFICANT. WE HAD ALREADY HADG THE SEW THE SEEDS OF THE EROSION BEGINNING IN THE 2000 ELECTION WHERE YOU HAD THE LANGUAGE OF VOTER FRAUD REALLY COMING TO THE FORETHERE AND THEN BEING EMBEDDED IN FEDERAL LAW WITH THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT, ALTHOUGH VOTING FRAUD HAD BEEN DEBUNKED BY THE TIME THAT HAD HAPPENED. T BY THE TIME WET TO THE 2013 ELECTION, THE GROUND HAD REALLY BEEN SWN FOR THS. AND IT, IN FACT, JUST T ALL OF THE KINDS OF VOTING RIGHTS ABUSES RUN LOOSE. WE SEE THAT IN MANY OF THE STATES THAT HAVE BEEN CLEARED, HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN UNDER PRECLEARANCE FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, AND WE ALSO SEE THAT IN STATES THAT HAN'T BEEN PRECLEARED BUT HAD TAKEN ON THET OF STOPPING SUPPOSED VOTER FRAUD.

>> Naw: WHEN YOU SAY "PRECLEARANCE," THESE ARE STATES THAT HAD A HISTORY OF DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES. THEY NO LONGER HAD TO GET FEDERAL APPROVAL TO CHANGE THOSE RULES. BUT WHEN YOU SAY "SIGNIFICITT," WHO DIFFECT? WHAT POPULATION? HOW MANY PEOPLE?

>> AND SO WHRE YOU SEE THERE EFFECTLY COME FROM WHAT I CALL THE OBAMA COALITION. 2 IN TH08 ELECTION, YOU HAD... HE BROUGHT WITH HIS INCREDIBLE GROUND GAME 15 MILLION NW VOTERS TO THE POLLS, OVERWHELMINGLY AFRICAN AMERICAN, LATINO, ASIAN AMERICAN, YOUNG, AND POOR. WHEN WE BEGIN TO LOOK AT THESE VOTER SUPRESSION LAW, THAT'S THE GRAP THAT ISRGETED. THAT IS THE GROUP WHERE ISSUES A SUVOTER I.D., ISSUES SUCH AS CLOSINGVOTE VOTING POLLS, ISSUES SUCH AS VOTER ROLE PURGES, ALL OF THOSE BEGIN TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT AND HIT EACH ONE OF THO GROUPS, SOMETIMES SIMULTANEOUSLY, SOMETIMES ONE MORE THAN THE OTHERS, BUT THAT'S WHERE WE'RE SEEING IT. 'RE SEEING IT IN TERMS OF, FOR INSTANCE, IN WISCONSIN, WITH THE VOTER I.D. LAW, AFTER THE 206 ELECTION, A STUDY WAS DONE AND IT WAS FOUND THAT 8%I OF WHS WERE STOPPED FROM VOTING BY THE VOTER I.D. LAW, BUT 27% OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE STOPPED. WE'RE SEEING WITH VOTEROLL PURGES IN OHIO, FOR INSTANCE, WHERE TWO MILLION HAVE BEEN PURGED OFF OF THE ROLES -- ROLR, SO FUT IN ONE OF THOSE MAJOR PURGE, 25% CAME PRIMARILY SOLELY OUT OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY, WHICH IS CLEVELAND, WHICH HAS A SIZEABLE AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION.

>> Woodruff: .M

>> Nawaz: YOTIONED THE VOTER I.D. LAW, VOTER ROLL CHANGES, AS WELL. A LOT OF PEOPLE HERE ARE PUTTING THOSE STEPS INTO PLACE AT THE STELE AND LOCAL LEVAYING THESE ARE NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE INTEGRITY OUR ELECTIONS. WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE FIR. SO WHY WOULDN'T WE WANT O VOTER ROLES UPDATED? WHY WOULDN'T WE WANT PEOPLE TO HAVE TO SHOW AN I.D. WHEN THEY VOTE.

>> THAT'S ONE OF THE GREAT WAYS, THE WAY VOTER SUPRESSION WORKS IS THAT IT SOUNDS REASONABLE UNTIL YOU SEE HOW IT'S OPERATIONALLIZED. AND ALSO WHEN YOU UNDERSTAND, FOR INSTANCE, THAT THE VOTER I.D. IS BASED ON THE LIE OF VOTER FRAUD. WHAT I MEAN IS THAT JUSTIN LEVITT, A PROFESSOR OUT OF CALIFORNIA DID A STUDY, AND FROM 2000 TO 2014, HE COUNTED UP ALL OF THE VOTES IN ALL OF THE ELECTIONS AND CA TO ONE BILLION VOTES. OUT OF THAT, HE ENTIFIED 31 CASES OF VOTER FRAUD. 31 CASES OUT OF ONE BILLION VOTES. THAT'S HARDLY THE MASSIVE RAMPANT VOTER FRAUD THAT WE CONSISTENTLY HEAR AS NEEDING TO HAVE ALL OF THIS PROTECTION A TER I.D., BUT BASED ON THAT LIE OF VOTER FRAUD, AND I SAY THAT LIE BECAUSE EVEN WHEN THE PROPONENR OF VOTER FRAUDE REALLY CALLED TO BRING OUT THE EVIDENCE OF IT, SUCH AS CHRIS COBACK OUT OF KANSAS OR GREGORY ABBOTT OUT OF TEXAS, THEYN CANOT IDENTIFY MASSIVE RAMPANT VOTER BAUD. ST GREG ABBOTT WAS ABLE TO COME UP WITH TWO CASES IN ALL OF TEXAS. AND SO PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF THE BALLOT BOX THEN IS NOT THE ISSUE, BECAUSE THE BALLOT BOX IS NOT UNDER SIY EGETER FRAUD. AND SO WHAT WE GET THEN IS A ND OF SOUNDING REASONABLE WITH WE NEED VOTER I.D. BUT FOR WHAT. AND THE WAY THE VO.DTER I.s ARE CRAFTED IS LIKE NORTH CARO BNA LOOKED AT THE DA RACE AND THE KINDS OF I.D.s DHAT AFRICAN-AMERICANS HAD DIDN'T HAD AND THEN CRAFTED THE LAW TO GO FOR THE ONES THATCA AFAMERICANS DID NOT HAVE. AND THAT IS WHAT WE'RE SEEING. IN ALABAMA, FOR INSTANCE, ALABAMA SAID A GOVERNMENISSUED PHOTO I.D.

>> Woodruff: PROFESSOR ANDERSON, I'M HEARING YOU SAY THIS IS A PROBLEM AROUND THE COUNTRY THEN, BECAUSE OFTEN WE TALK ABOUT IT LIKE IT'S IN THE SOUTH. BUT YOU'VE NED A NUMBER OF STATES WHERE YOUR STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THIS OCCURS. IAND WE'LL HAVE THE REET THERE FOR NOW. PROFESSOR CAROL ANDERSON OF EMORY UNIVERSITY. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Nawaz: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIHAEL BESCHLOSS DISCUSSES HIS NEW BOOK RESIDENTS OF WAR."VE HOW TERANS ARE USING AGRICULTURE TO REHABILT ATE AND STARW LIVES. PLUS, AN ARTS PROGRAM AIMS TNI CREATE OPPORES ON A NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA. NOW, WE CONTINUE OUR SINIES ON "RETHICOLLEGE" WITH A LOOK A A UNIVERSITY THAT'S REDEFINING WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HONORS PROGRAM. HARI SREENIVASAN WENT TO NEWARK TO SEE HOW RUTGERS UNIVERSITY IS TAPPING INTO STUDENTS' PASSIONS FOR WORKING ON SOCIAL JUSTICE AS PA OF A SPECIAL PROGRAM. IT'S FOR OUR WEEKLY SEGMENT ON EDUCATION, "MAKING THE GRADE."

>> IF YOU DON'T ACCEPT ME, THAT DOESN'T MEAN I'M NOT A MAN.

>> Sreenivasan: 7:00 A.M. IS EARLY FOR ANY COLLEGE STUDENT, AND THESE HONORS STUDENTS HAVE DECIDED TO TAKE ON A COMPLICATED TOPIC: WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A MAN OF CHARACTER.

>> REAL MEN OF CHARACTER ARE NOT AFRAID TO SHARE WHAT THEY'VE BEEN THROUGH.

>> THE TEST OF A MAN, IS THE FIGHT THAT HE MAKES, THE GRIT THAT HE DAILY SHOWS, THE WAY THAT HE STANDS UPON HIS FEET, AND TAKES LIFE'S NUMEROUS BUMPS OWS.

>> Sreenivasan: THE STUDENTS ARE PART OF A NEW SCHOLARS PROGRAM AT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY IN NEWARK, CALLED HONORS LIVING LEARNING COMMUNITY, OR H.L.L.C. PROFESSOR TIMOTHY EAS THEIR DEAN.

>> A MAN WHEN DRIVEN AGAINST THE WALL STILL STANDS ERECT AND H HED HIGH IS THE MAN WHO WILL WIN.

>> Sreenivasan: HONORS PROGRAMS ARE POPPING UP ALL OVETHE COUNTRY. IT'S A WAY FOR COLLEGES TO ATTRACT TOP TALENT. BUT RUTGERS IN NEWARK IS TRYING SOMETHING DIFFENT. IT'S NOT JUST GREAT GRADES AND TEST SCORES THAT GET STUDENT INTO THE PROGRAM, IT'S ACTUALLY THEIR PASSION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE.

>> Sreenivasan: THE APPLICATION PROCESS FOR H.L.L.C. IS TOUGH AND COMPETITIVE. LAST YEAR, 1200 STUDENTS APPLIED FOR 80 POSITIONS. APPLICANTS ARE INTERVIEWED FOR SEVERAL HOURS, FIRST IN GROUPS AND ONE ON ONE IF THEY MOVE FORWARD.

>> WELCOME TO THE H.L.L.C. WOMEN OF COLOR SPACE.

>> Sreenivasan: PROFESSOR MARTA ESQUILIN, AN ASSOCIATE DEAN OF THE NEW PROGRAM, SAYS HONORS STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO CHOOSE CAREERS THAT IMPROVE SOCIETY NOT JUST ONES THAT MAKE. MO

>> WE'RE REVOLUTIONIZING HONORS. AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR US IS IDENTIFYING STUDENTS WHO WE REALLY BELIEVE ARE GOING TO BE CHANGE-MAKERS AND CHANGE-AGENTS IN OUR WORLD.OP THE WALE THINK ABOUT HONORS, IS REALLY LIMITED. USUALLY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT S.A.T. SCORES. BUT YOU NEED A LOT MORE THAN THE TO DO WELL ON A TEST TO CHANGE THE WORLD.

>> WHY DO WE WANT CHANGE-MAKERS? OR>> Sreenivasan: NANCY CAS THE CHANCELLOR OF RUTGERS UNIVERSITY-NEWARK.

>> LOOK WHAT THEY'REITING. THEY'RE INHERITING A WORLD WHERE ONINHE ONE HAND THE ECONOMY' GREAT SHAPE AND INEQUALITY IS EXPANDING HUGELY. THEY'RE HERITING A WORLD WHERE THERE'S AN ARCHITECTURE OF SEGREGATION IN CITIES LIKE NEWARK AND COMMUNITIES ALL OVER THIS COUNTRY WHERE PEOPLE LITERALLY ARE LIVING IN DOUBLE SEEGATION OF CLASS AND RAC I LIKE TO THINK OF IT AS AN INCUBATION SPACE TO THINK ABOUT HOW TO CREATE A DIFFERENT WORLD THAN THE ONE WE'RE LIVING IN NOW.

>> LET'S START WITH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RACE AND ETHNICITY.

>> Sreenivasan: HONORS LIVING LEARNING STUDENTS STUDY A VARIETY OF DISCIPLINES BUT ALL ARE REQUIRED TO EARN A MINOR IN SOCIL JUSTICE. THEY TAKE SPECIAL COURSES, LIKE THIS ONE, CAED NEGOTIATING SPACES, PLACES AND IDENTITY, TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR ESQUILIN.

>> IT'S ABOUT CONNECTING EFFECTIVELY WITH PEOPLE ACROSS COMMUNITY WHO ARE DIFFERENT AND IF I EFFECTIVELY KNOW HOW TO NAVIGATE LOTS OF COMMUNITIES AND LOTS OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE. HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE YOU SEEN IN LEOERSHIP ROLES THAT STEP I LANDMINES? ALL THE TIME, BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT CULTURALLY COMPETENT.

>> STAND TO YOUR FEET IF YOU WENT TO HIGH SCHOOL IN THE CITY OF NEWARK.ON

>> SreenivasanHIS DAY, IN A CLASS TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR EATMAN, CALLED LOCAL GITIZENSHIP INBAL WORLD, HONOR STUDENTS DISCUSS NEWARK'S HIGH POVERTY, AND LOW PERFORMING PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

>> WE WANT TO CREATE A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WHAT IT MEANS TO NAVIGATE THIS TYPE OF SCHOOLING, WHAT THE IMPLICATIONFOR IDEOLOGY, AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. >>reenivasan: NEARLY 50% O THE HONORS STUDENTS ARE BORN AND RAISED IN NEWARK, A CITY WHERE ONLY 14% OF THE POPULATION HAS A BACHELOR'S DEGREE.

>> MY MISSION IS TO EMPOWER THE YOUTH, TO GIVE THEM OPPORTUNITY, SO I CAN BE A VOICFOR THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: FOR MANY, IMPROVING NEWARK IS A REASON THEY APPLIED TO THE HONORS PROGRAM.

>> MY SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUE IS THE BLACK AND BROWN YOUTH ARE SORT OF SEEN AS UNEDUCATED, CRIMINAL, AND JUST LIKE THAT CAN'T BE SUCCESSFUL.

>> Sreenivasan: STACY TYNDALL IS A JUNIOR MAJORING IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE. G SHE HOPES TO LAW SCHOOL.

>> I ULTIMATELY WANT TO BE A JUDGE. THAT'S MY ENDING GOAL. I WANT TO BE UP THERE IN THE SEAT. T I WANTBE ABLE TO GIVE BACK, ESPECIALLY TO YOUTH, I WANT TO BE WITH JUVENILES, BECAUSE THAT HITS HOM TO ME, AND THAT'S MY HEART.

>> Sreenivasan: TYNDALL IST CONFIDE'LL STAY IN NEWARK.

>> NEWARK IS WHERE I WAS RAISED. NEWARK IS WHERE I LEARNED ABOUT THESE ISSUES.E NEWARK IS WHERI SAW THESE IS NEWARK IS WHERE I'LL STAY.

>> Sreenivasan: TYREEK ROLON IS ALSO AN H.L.L.C. HONOR STUDENT. HE WAS A BASKETBSTAR IN HIGH SCHOOL WHO BOMBED HIS S.A.T. TESTAKING HIM INELIGIBLE FOR COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIPS. AFTER HIGH SCHOOL HE SOLD COCAINE, AND WENT TO PRISON FOUR YEARS. NOW AT 33, TYREEK SAYS HE WANTS TO BE PARTE SOLUTION. HE MENTORS HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT NEWARK'S WEST SIDE HIGH SCHOOL.

>> WHEN I WAS LOCKED UP, I'M TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT AM I GOING TO DO? AND HOW AM I GOING DO IT?

>> Sreenivasan: HIS ULTIMATE GOAL IS TO GET A MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC POLICY AND TACKLE INJUSTICES THAT AFFECT THE FORMERLY INCARCERATED. LIKE LAWS THAT BAN THEM FROM RETURNING TO SUBSIDIZED HOUSING.

>> HALF OF NEW JERSEY, 50% OF W JERSEY'S HOMELESS POPULATION IS THAT OF PREVIOUSLY INCARCERATED PEOPLE. SO WHAT HAPPENS IS, CONVICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW YOU TO LIVE IN PUBLIC HOUSING, THE LAW SAYS THAT I CAN'T COME BACK HOME, IF I'M HOMELESS, I'M PRETTY MUCH GOING TO BE JOBLESS, SO I WANT TO CHANGE THAT LAW.as

>> Sreen: SO WE'RE LOOKING AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE, WHAT GOES IN? H.L.L.C. CURRENTLY HAS 222 STUDENTS AND THE UNIVERSITY IS BUILDING A NEW DORM TO HOUSE THE EXPANDING PROGRAM. AND WHILE THE NUMBERS REMAIN L, THE OUTCOMES SO FAR A PROMISING.

>> WE HAD 13 GRADUATES THIS YEAR. OF THE 13, 11 GRADUATED SUMMA CUM LAUDE. TWO OF THEM WERE MAGNA CUM LAUDE, AND ONE WAS CUM LAUDE. AND THE TWO AT DIDN'T MAKE IT OF THE 13 WERE JUST AT THE THRESHOLD.

>> TO BE EARLY IS TO BE ON TIME, TO BE ON TIME IS TO BE LE, TO BE LATE IS SIMPLY UNACCEPTABLE FOR AN H.L.L.C. SCHOLAR.

>> Sreenivasan: IN NEWARK, FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Nawaz: ON OUR BOOKSHELF TONIGHT, AUTHOR AND PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN MICHAEL BESCHLOSS SAT DOWN WITH JUDY WOODRUFF RE TO DISCUSS HIS LATEST BOOK, "PRESIDENTS OF WAR."

>> Woodruff: MICELEL BESCHLOSS,ME. THE BOOK IS "PRESIDENTS OF WAR: THE EPIC STORY OF 18 07 TO MODERN TIMES." WE KNOW IT'S PRESIDENTS OF WAR AND NOT AT WAR. THERE IS A REASON FOR THAT.

>> THERE IS, BECAUSE A LOT OFS THIS PRESIDENTS DECIDING TO GO TO WAR AND NOT ALWAYS THE WAY YOU THINK. ORTRY TO TELL THIS STIN A NEW WAY FROM BEGINNING TO END, ESD THERE ARE A LOT OF TIM WHEN PRESIDENTS GOT US INTO WARS THAT WERE NOT NECESSARY AND WERE BASED ON FALSE REASONS, FOR INSTANCE, JAMES POLK CONTRIVED AN ATTACK BY THE MEXICANS AGAINST US MAINLY BECAUSE HE WANTED A BIG WAR AGAINST MENTION DOE EXPAND THE COUNTRY TO THE PACIFIC, OR WILLIAM McKINLEY IN THE 1890s, THE AMERICAN SHIP "THE MAINE" WAS SUNK OFF HAVANA. WE WENT INTO A BIG WAR AGAINST SPAIN. TURNS OUT IT WAS A BOILER ACCIDENT, NOT THANISH.

>> Woodruff: WHY IS THE DECISION TO GO TO WAR SO IMPORTANT TO YOU I UNDERSTANDING THESE PRESIDENTS?

>> THAT'S WHAT THE FOUNDERS WERE WORRIED ABOUT MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE WHEN THEY WROTE THE CONSERTUTION. THEYWORRIED THE PRESIDENTS WOULD BE LIKE THE KINGS OF SUROPE TO CONTRIVE FAKE WAR WHEN THEY WERE UNPOPULAR TO UNITE THE COUNTRY AND MAKE THEM A LOT MORE POPULAR THAN EY HA BEEN BEFORE. THE IDEA OF THE CONSTITUTION WAS THAT PRESIDENTS WOULD HAVE ALMOST NOTHING TO DO WITH THE DDECLARING OF WAR AN YOU LOOK AT 200 YEARS LATER, PRENOSIDENTS DAYS CAN GET US INTO WARS ALMOST SINGLE-HANDEDLY.>> oodruff: AND HOW WERE THEY ABLE TO DO THAT? YOU'RE RIGHT, THE FOUNDERS TRIED TO MAKE IT HARD TO DO, BUT THEY FOUND A WAY TO GET AROUND THA

>> PRESIDENTS BASICALLY NOW WILL ASK FOR WARS AND NOT EVEN GO TO FOR INSTANCE, THE CONSTITUTION SAYS YOU HAVE TO GET A WAR DECLARATION. THE LAST TIME CONGRESS DECLARE WAR WAS 1942, WE'VE BEEN IN A COUPLE WARS SINCE THEN.

>> Woodruff: YOU POINT OUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OFMARESIDENTS WH THOSE DECISIONS WISELY. WHAT WAS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE PRESIDENTS WHO DIDN'T HANDLE THOSE DECISIONS WELL?

>> THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF LYING IN AMERICAN HISTORY. I REGRET TO REPORT, ESPECIALLY BY PRESIDENTS. LYNDON JOHNSON, WHO WAS SO WONDERFUL ON CIVIL RIGHTS AN MEDICARE, FOR INSTANCE, 1964,WA THERA REPORTED ATTACK IN THE GULF OF TONHNKIN. N WENT TO CONGRESS AND SAUD WE NEED A RESOLUTION THAT WILL GIVE ME AUTHORITY TOND RESPOND,OUND OUT A COUPLE WEEKS LATER THAT THERE WAS NO ATTACK AT ALL. NEVERTHELESS, LYNDON JOHNSON AND RICHARD NICKON WAGED THIS TRAWAC IN VIETNAM FOR A DECADE BASED ON AN INCIDENT THAT NEVER OCCURRED.

>> Woodruff: SO ARE THERE QUALITIES OF CHARACTER THAT SET PRESIDENTS APART WHO MADE THE DECISION WISELY? HOW MUCH DIFFERENCE DOES THAT MAKE?

>> CHARACTER IS WHANT SIGLE OUT THE WORCESTER OF WAR PRESIDENTS. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, WHEN SO MANY AMERICANS WERE BEING KILLED FROM THE MORT, ORDERED A CEMETERY BUILT NEAR HIS SUMMESE TO MAKE SURE THAT HE WOULD SEE THE COFFINS BEING LOWERED INTO GRAVES. IT WAS PAINFUL TO HIM, BUT HE DIDN'T WANT TO BE SEPARATED FROM SEE CONSEQUENCES OF THE TERRIBLE DECISIONS HE WAS MAKING.

>> Woodruff: YOU MAKE NEWS WITH A NUMBER OF -- WTH TH RESULTS OF THIS INCREDIBLE RESEARCH YOU'VE DONE OVER TIME, MICHAEL. ONE SCLOSURE THAT HAS GOTTEN ATTENTION MOST RECENTLY IS LETTING US KNOW THAT LYNDON JOHNSON PREVENTED NUCAR WEAPONS FROM BEING PLACED IN VIETNAM. WE DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THIBEFORE YOUR WORK.

>> RIGHT. I NEVER THOUGHT I'D GET A SUNDAY "NEW YORK TIMES" PAGE-ONE STORYR ING THIS OLD HISTORY BOOK, BUT LBJ IN 1968 HAD BEEN ASKED BY HIS COMMANDER IN VIETNAM, WILLIAM WESTMORELAND TO MOVE TACTICAL WEAPONS INTO SOUTHP VIETNAM FOSIBLE USE IN CASE THE AMERICANS LOST THE BATTLE.HN N, WHO HAD MADE SOME TERRIBLY MISTAKEN DECISIONS IN VIETNAM, TO HI ETERNAL CREDIT SAID, NOT AT ALL. SHUT DOWN THE PLANNING. TAKE THOSE DOCUMENTS, PUT THEMN IN A SAFE, HEY WERE IN A SAFE FOR ABOUT A HALF CENTURY, WHICH IS HOW I GOT SOME OFHEM FOR THE FIRST TIME ABLE TO WRITE ABOUT THEM LATER ON. ENDON JOHNSON'S GREAT IN VIETNAM THAT WE REALLY DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT, HE KEPT THAT WARFR POSSIBLY GOING NUCLEAR, COULD HAVE INVOLVED RUSSIA AND CHINA, COULD HAVE ED THE FATE OF THE EARTH OVER THIS CIVIL WAR IN VIETNAM.

>> Woodruff: ONE OF THE MOST MORABLE OBSERVATIONS YOU MAKE, YOU WRITE ABOUT IT AT THE END OF THE BOOK, YOU SAD IF THE FOUNDING FATHERS CAME BACK TODAY, WHAT WOULD THEY THIOUNK? THEY BE THUNDER STRUCK TO DISCOVER THE LIFE OR DEATH OF MOST OF THE HUMAN RACE HAS COME WH DEPEND ON THE CHARACTER OF THE ONE PERSOO OCCUPIES THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY. THAT'S SOBERING.AT

>> AND T TRUE. THAT'S THE CHOICE WE MAKE. YOU KNOW, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CAN MAKE A DECISION ABOUT FIRING NUCLEAR WEAPONS THAT CONCEIVABLY COULD KILL A MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE ON EARTH. THAT'S THE KIND OF POWER THAT'S GONE TO ONE INDIVIDUAL.R THE FOUNDERS E TERRIFIED OF SOMETHING LIKE THAT. THEY TRIED TO WRITE A CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD NOT DEPEND ON THE PRESIDENT BEINGAT SOMEONE OF GRUDGMENT AND CHARACTER, BECAUSE AS YOU REMEMBER, THEY ALL FELT THAT NOT ALL HUMAN BEINGS WERE ANGELS.

>> Woodruff: WHAT ARE THE QUALITIEAMERICANS LOOK FOR IN A PRESIDENT WHO IS GOING TO... IF THERE IS A DECISION TO GO TO WAR, IT'S A DECISION THAT'S BEEN CAREFULLY THOUGHT THROUGH, AND IT'S TRULY IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

>> Woodruff: YOU HAVE TO MAKE SURE AHAT IF A PRESIDEKS US FOR WAR, AND A PRESIDENT WILL YET AGAIN, HOPULLY NOT SOO IT HAS TO BE FOR SOMETHING THAT'S ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL FOR OUR NATIONAL INTERESTS. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAVE TO SUPPORT IT UNITED, AND THERE CAN'T BE ANY LIES TOLD ABOUT TH. CA

>> Woodruff: FINALLY, I HAVE TO ASK THIS: SINCE THE UNI HD STATN'T BEEN SEEN AS WINNING A WAR SINCE WORLD WAR II, WHAT DOES TAT SAY ABOUT EITHER THE AMERICAN CHARACTER, L AMERICADERSHIP, THE AMERICAN MILITARY THIS DID YOU DRAW ANY CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THAT?

>> THE AMERICAN MILITARY, AMERICAN SOLDIERS ARE FIRST RATE. THEY ARE CRAY -- COURAGEOUS. WE HAVE SEEN SO MANY EXAMPLES OF WONDERFUL PERFORMANCE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. IT IS OUR LEADERS WHO HAVE LET US DOWN. AND THEY HAVE LET US DOWN BY IGRING THE LESSONS O THE FOUNDERS, WHICH IS YOU WANT GREAT DECISIONS ON WAR, MAKESU A PRESIDENT GOES TO CONGRESS, IF HE WANTS WAR, IT'S DEBATED, THEY ASK HIM, HOW LONG IS IT GOING TO TAKE, WHAT'S YOUR PLAN, WHAT'S THE WORST TAATN HAPPEN SO THAT IF WAR THEN COMES AFTER A WAR DECLARATION, CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT HAVE DONE IT TOGETHER. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE UNDERSTAND IT, AND THEREFORE IF THERE IS A WAR THAT GOES ON FOR A PERIOD OF TIME, PEOPLE ARE LIKELY TO SUPPORT IT. THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN ANYMORE.

>> Woodruff: MICHAEL BESCHLOSS, "PRESIDENTS OF WAR," IT IS A REMARKABLE BOOK. THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU SO NEW, JUDY.

>> Nawaz: WE END TONIGHT WITH TWO STORIES ABOUT LIFE IN RURAL AMERICA. CONGRESS FAILED TO PASS A FARM BILL AHEAD OF THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS. ONE POTENTIAL CASUALTY IF IT DOES NOT PASS: A DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAM HELPING WAR VETERANS TRANSITION TO FARMING. MIKE CERRE HAS THIS REPORT FROM CALIFORNIA.

>> GROWINGP MY GRANDPA WAS A FARMER IN MEXICO. A MY D MY MOM AND MY MY DAD WORKED FOR A FARMER AS A TRACTOR OPERATOR AND MY MOM AND WHEN I WAS 12 YEARS OLD I STARTED WORKING WITH MY MOM IN THE FIELDS.

>> Reporter: FORMER ARMY OAIRBORNE SERGEANT ALEJAN JAUREGUI'S FARMING AMBITIONS WERE SIDETRACKED BY THIS I.E.D. EXPLOSION IN AFGHANISTAN ON HISR FOURTH COMBAT F DUTY.

>> ANDS A RESULT I LOST BOTH MY LEGS TWO FINGERTIPS TOOK SOME SHRAPNEL WOUS TO MY RIGHT FOREARM LOST MY HEARING ON MY RIGHT SIDE. AND HERE I AM NOW.

>> Reporter: UNABLTO DO TRADITIONAL FARMING, HE'S STARTED A BEE KEEPING BUSINESS IN HIS HOMETOWN OF WOODLAND, CALIFORNIA WITH THE HELP OF NON- PROFIT VETERANS GROUPS A SMALL GRANT FROM THE "FARMER VETERANS COALITION" HELPED HIM WITH HIS BEEHIVES. THE REST HE'S DONE ON WN WITH HIS DISABILITY INSURANCE PAYOUT AND NO OTHER GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE.

>> WHENEVER I STTED LOOKING INTO ALL THIS STUFF ABOUT FARMING AND I STARTED LOOKING INTO PROGRAMS THAT COULD POTENTIALLY HELP ME OUT. I DIDN'T FIND ANY.

>> Reporter: NOR COULD MIKE O'GORMAN, A CAREER FARMER, FIND A VETERANS GROUP HELPING FARMERS SO HE STARTED ONE: THE FARMER VETERANS COALITION, AFTER READING A STUDY ON WAR CAUSALITIES DEMOGRAPHICS.

>> IT SHOWED FOR THE FIRST TIME THE DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER OFOS THTHAT WERE KILLED IN ACTION IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN DURING CASUALTIES THAT THE ALL VOLUNTEER POST 9/11 MILITARY WAS DISPROPORTIONATELY COMING FROM OUR MOST RURAL COMMUNITIES.EC

>> Reporter: RT VETERANS GOING INTO FARMING ARE THE REA"" ONE PERCENTERS." THE LESS THAN 1% OF AMERICANS SERVING IN THE MILITARY OR THE LESS THAN 1% STILL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE, THE LOWEST RATES FOR BOTH IN THE COUNTRY'S HISTORY. AND AS SUCH THEIR NEEDS CONNECT WITH SEVERAL NIONAL INTERESTS. BILL ASHTON, A RETCEED NAVAL OFFI IS NOW THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR FOR THE U.S.D.A.'S NEW MILITARY AND VETERANS AGRILTURE OUTREACH PROGRAM. HIS NEW MISSION: HELP VETERANS FILL THE SHRINKING RANKS OF OLDER AMERICAN FARMERS WHO HAVE BEEN AGING OUT OF AGRICULTURE WITH YOUNGER VETERANS.

>> THE RECENT SURVEY THAT WE HAVE HERE AT U.S.D.A. HAS THE AVERAGE AGE OF A FARMER BEING 58 YEARS OLD AND WE'RE OUT THERE ABOUT A QUARTER OF ALL VETERANS CAME FROM AND ARE LIVING IN RURAL AMERICA.

>> I HAD HARDLY EVER SEEN A COW BEFORE I INVESTED IN THIS AND IT'S BEEN A LEARNING EXPIENCE SINCE DAY ONE.

>> Reporter: FORMER ARMY RANGER JOSHUA EILERS STARTED RANGER CATTLE NEAR AUSTIN, TEXAS WITH HELP FROM HIS LOCAL U.S.D.A. OFFICER REPRESENTATIVE REUBEN HERNANDEZ.

>> WE TALKED ABOUT SOME FARM LOANS HE'S ABLE TO QUALIFY FOR LOW INTEREST LOANS.or

>> Rter: SINCE TRADITIONAL FARM CREDIT PROGRAMS AREOR DESIGNEDFOR EXISTING AND LARGER FARM OPERATIONS, THE FARMER VETERANS COALITION IS WLPING THE U.S.D.A. DEVELOP SMALLER, MICRO-LOAH LESS FEWER REDUCED EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR VETERANS MORE LIKELY TO BE STARTING LESS TRADITIONAL AG BUSINESSES.

>> WHAT WE STARTED REALLY SMALL AND WE CROWD SOURCED OUR ARET UR ST MONEY. WE PUT A GO FUND ME PAGE ON THE INTERNET. WE WENT ON FACEBOOK AND BASICALLY BEGGED OUR FRIENDS AND RELATIVES FOR MONEY AND PEOPLE CAME THROUGH.

>> Reporter: MARINE VETERAN CAL ZAMORAND HIS WIFE AUBRIETTA STARTED THEIR FLOWER BUSINESS ON LAND LEASED FROM A LOCAL INCUBATOR FARM AFTER RECEIVING A WORKSTUDY SCHOLARSHIP.

>> CAL AND I BOTH WERE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CENTER FOR LAND-BASED LEARNING'S CALIFORNIA FARM ACADEMYAND THAT PROGRAM GIVES US ACCESS TO LAND AT A HIGHLY SUBSIDIZED RATE.

>> Reporter: IT'S OVER A 100 DEGREES OUT HERE AND YOU'RE STILL WORKING.

>> WHEN I WAS IN IRAQ IT WAS COOLING DOWN AT 115 THAT WAS A GOOD DAY.

>> Reporter: SEVERAL VETERANS GROUPS HAVE DEVELOPED THEIR OWN AG TRAINING PROGRAMS LIKE THIS HYDROPONIC ONE FARM NEAR CAMP PENDLETON, CALIFORNIA CALLED ARCHIE'S ACRES. ARINES STARTED BY FORMER COLIN ARCHIPLEY AND HIS WIFE LAST DEPLOYMENT TO IRAQ TO HELP OTHER VETS MAKE THE TRANSITION TO FARMING SMOOTHER THAN THEIR OWN.

>> GOOD MORNING EVERYBODY. D THIS JOB IS DIFFICULT ANERE ARE RISKS INVOLVED.r:

>> Repor A SIX WEEK Y-TENSIVE COURSE THE ARCHIPLEYS RUN WITH CAL POLMONA THIVERSITY IS THE SUBJECT OF THE DOCUMENTARY "FARM." IT'S PART HYDROPONIC FARMINGP BOOT CD PART "THE APPRENTICE" MEETS "SHARK TANK" FOR ASPIRING VETERAN FARMERS WHO PRESENT THEIR BUNESS PLANS AT THE END OF THE COURSE.

>> FOR PROBLEM SOLVERS LIKE WAR FIGHTERS OFF THE BATTLEFIELD WHO EVALUATE THE BATTLE E AND THEN IMAGINE HOW TO DEAL WITH THOSE THREATS. IT'S KIND OF THE SAME THING WE'RE TRYING TO TAP INTO WHEN IT LOOKS AT AGRICULTURE. THERE ARE TON OF CHALLENGES.

>> Reporter: MATT SMILEY, AN ARMY MEDIC IN IRAQ TURD FARM MANAGER, WAS DRAWN TO AGRICULTURE BY IT'S THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS FOR VETERANS, DOCUMENTED BY A RECENT V.A. STUDY OF VETERANS SUFFERING FROM THE EFFECTS OF P.T.S.D. COMING BACK HERE AND BEING ABLE TO TEACH VETERANS HOW TO FARM YOU KNOW FIND SOMETHING THAT ISW SIMILAR TOT THEY DONE CAN MAYBE GIVE THEM SOME PEACE.

>> Reporter: KEEPING TO THE MILITARY TRADITION OF TAKING CARE OF THEIR OWN, VETERAN FARMERS ARE COLLECTIVELY BRANDING THEIR PRODUCTS UNDER THE "HOMEGROWN BY HEROES" LABEL TO PROMOTE THEIR NEW CAREERS IN AGRICULTURE.

>> AFTER I GOT HURT I HAVE TWO CHOICES.I CAN EITHER SIT AND WHINE ABOUT MY SITUATION OR I CAN ACCEPT THE CARDS I HAVE BEEN DEALT WITH AND TRY TO MAKE A FULL HOUSE OUT OFK IT YW.

>> Reporter: FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, MIKE CERRE REPORTINGER FROM NORCALIFORNIA.

>> Nawaz: ON THE PINE RIDGEOU RESERVATION IN DAKOTA, ABOUT HALF OF ALL NATIVE HOUSEHOLDS DEPEND ONBASED TERPRISES FOR INCOME. BUT MANY ARTISTS LIVING ON THE RESERVATION LACK TRANSPORTATION, FORMAL TRAINING AND WAYS TO MEET RTYERS. JEFFREY BROWN REPOON A MOBILE EFFORT THAT IS TACKLING THESE CHALLENGES WITH A RETROFITTED BUS.'S IT PART OF OUR SERIES "AMERICAN CREATORS." "> Brown: IT'S CALLED THE" ROLLING REZ ARTS ": PART ART CENTER, SCHOOL, BANK,NE AND BU INCUBATOR, ROLLING THROUGH THIS SPRAWLING SECTION OF SOUWESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA.

>> THE ART IS WHAT BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER.

>> Brown: FILMMAKER AND PAINTER BRYAPARKER MANAGES THE ROLLI REZ ARTS PROGRAM FOR THE NONPROFIT "FIRST PEOPLES FUND," 20WHICH LAUNCHED THE BUS I WITH GRANTS FROM THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS AND OTH FOUNDATIONS. IT'S A SIMPLE IDEA: ING A CONVERTED AIRPORT SHUTTLE BUS AS A MEANS TO REACH AND HELP INDIGENOUS ARTISTS IN SOME OF THE POOREST COUNTIES IN THE NATION SKETCH OUT NEW CAREER PATHS.

>> HAVING YOU KNOW, THOSE RESOURCES, AND THOSEOU OPPORTUNITIES,NOW, LETS THEM KNOW THAT, OKAY, WE CAN. I CAN TAKE MYSELF A LITTLE BIT MORE SERIOUSLY. AND I CAN TRY TO ACTUALLY DO THIS AS A BUSINESS. I CAN TRY TO BE A PROFESSIONAL ARTIST.

>> Brown: PINE RIDGE ISOR US: A 3,000 SQUARE MILE RESERVATION. ARID LANDS LONG PLAGUED BY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT AND FEW ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES. SO HOW HARD IS IT TO SURVIVE AS AN ARTISLIVING HERE?

>> I WOULD SAY ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES IS THE DISTANCE. AND, YOU KNOW--

>> Brown: JUST HOW BIG THIS PLACE IS, HOW HARD TO GET AROUND?

>> YEAH HOW BIG, HOWURAL IT IS, THERE'S NOT A LOT OF SO, THE OPPORTUNITIES BECOME LESS BECAU GREAT.ISTANCE IS SO

>> Brown: A RECENT STUDY SHOWED THAT MT NATIVE ARTISTS LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE AND MORE THAN 60% O REPORT INCOMES OF LESS THAN $10,000 A YEAR.

>> WE'RE LIVING IN EXTREME POVERTY CONDITIONS HERE, 60 TO 70% UNEMPLOYMENT.

>> Brown: GUS YELLOW HAIR IS A LONGTIME ARTIST LIVING AND WORKING ON PINE RIDGE. RT NOW TEACHES BOTH TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARYLASSES ABOARD THE ROLLING REZ BUS.

>> OUR CULTURE AT ONE TIME WAS A VERY MOBILE CULTURE. THEY CALLED US, YOU KNOW, THE WARRIORS OF THE PLAINS, BEING A VERY MOBILE, LIGHTWEIGHT.SO THINK THAT'S WHAT ROLLING REZ ART BRINGS, BRINGING THAT TECHNOLOGY, THE COMPUTER, YOU KNOW, THE SUPPLIES, THE KNOWLEDGE, INTO THE COMMUNITIES, AND PROVIDING THAT TO OUR COMMUNITY MEMBERS. VERY IMPORTANT.

>> Brown: CLASSES ON THE BUS ARE OPEN TO BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS OF ALL SKILL LEVELS. LESSONS SO FAR HAVE INCLUDED BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY, ALTERNATIVE PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES, AND TRADITIONAL QUILL AND BEADWORK. RECENTLY WE WATCHED YELLOW HAIR GIE A LESSON TO DONALD BRAV OF RAWHIDE, ANIMAL SKIN, ONE OF THE EARLIEST CANVASSES USED BY LAKOTA ARTISTS. AND ON MORE PRACTICAL MATTERS, FROM PRICINGO SHIPPING.

>> YOU GOT TO THINK ABOUT YOU'RE GOING TO SHIP YOUR ART YOU HAVE TO MAKE SURE TH S IT'S PACKAGELY SO IT ARRIVES IN ONE PIECE.

>> Brown: ROLLINREZ PUTS THE FOCUS ON MAKING A LIVING AS WELL AS MAKING ART.

>> YOU CAN CREATE THE BIGGER ITEMS, YOU KNOW, LIKE THE HUGE PAINTINGS, OR WHATEVER IT IS THAT YOU'RE DOING, BUT YOU WANT TO MAKE THE SMALL ITEMS AS WELL, THE 10, $20, LOWER END ITEMS, BECAUSE PEOPLE MIGHT BE JUST PASSING THROUGH, YOU KNOW,

>> Brown: EVEN 10, $20 CAN MEAN A LOT?

>> YOU KNOW, EVERY LITTLE BIT HELPS HERE ON PINE RIDGE.

>> Brown: BRAVE IS EAGER TO WORK WITH OLDER ARTISTS HERE. HE'S EARLY IN HIS CAREER AND IT TURNS OUT JUST SOLD HIS FIRST PIECE OF ARTWORK, FOR $50.

>> I'M HOPING TO TELL A STORY WITH MY ART. YOU KNOW, I WANT TO INSTILL THE VALUES AND MORALS OF LAKOTA CULTURE INTO MY ARTWORK. IT'S NOT AT THAT STAGE YET, BUT IT WILL BE.

>> Brown: BEYOND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAINING, THE PROJECT ALSOER OFFERS BANKINGCES THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE LAKOTA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION SHAYNA FERGUSON IS A MANAGER AND LOAN OFFICER. MOST OF OUR PEOPLE ON T RESERVATION ARE UNBANKED OR UNDERBANKED.

>> Brown: UNBANKED?

>> NEVER HAD AN ACCOUNT. WE DID SURVEYS WHEN WE FIRSTD STARTED % OF EVERYBODY HAS NEVER HAD AN ACCOUNT BEFORE, THEY WEREN'T FAMILIAR WITH THE CONCEPT OF BANKING, AND SAVING MONEY, OR JUST DEPOSITING, OR BALANCING A CHECKBOOK. YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO GET OUR MEMBERS OUT OF THE IDEA OF HIDING MONEY IN YOUR IN YOUR SHOES, IN YOUR CLOT.

>> Brown: LAKOTA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION NOW HAS MORE THAN 2500 MEMBERS, AND IS HELPING ARTISTS ON PINE RIDGE ESTABLISH CREDIT.

>> THEY CAN DEFINITELY COME HERE FOR A LOAN.AL ESPE, YOU KNOW, AN ARTIST STARTING OUT, MAYBE THEY WANT TO EVENTUALLY MOVE ONTO STUFF LIKE HAVING YOU KNOW, A VEHICLE, TRANSPORTATION TO GETTING AROUND, TO DELIVERING YOUR ATWORK, OR EVEN JUST SHOWCASING ARTWORK. THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP HERE BECAUSE I KNOW THAT'S NOT READILY AVAILABLE.

>> Brown: BACK ON THE BUS, I ASKED GUS YELLOW HAIR WHY ART REMAINS IMPORTANT ON PINE RIDGE.

>> SO EVERY CULTURE HAS, HAD STORIES, THEY HAVE ART, THEY HAVE WAYS OF EXPRESSING THEMSELVES, AND TELLING ABOUTOR THEIR HI AND SO THAT'S WHY I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT FOR ARTISTS HERE, ON PINE RIDGE, TO BE ABLE TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES, TO TELL WHO WE ARE AS A NATION OF PEOPLE, AND THAT WE HAVE A HISTORY, AS WELL. 6>> Brown: THE NEXT STEP: THE FIRST PEOPLES FUND, JUST BROKE GROUND ON A NEW ARTS CENTER.WO TO EXPAND IT IN ARTISTIC AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION. R THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M JEFFREY BROWN ON THE PINIORIDGE RESERVIN SOUTH DAKOTA.

>> Nawaz: NOW ONLINE, "THAT MOMENT WHEN," NEWSHOUR'S NEW SERIES ON FACEBO WATCH, THAT THIS WEEK, COUPLES THERAPIST ESTHER PEREL ON THAT MEDENT SHE REALOW HER PARENTS' SURVIVAL OF THE HOLOCAUST SHAPED ND THE SERIES ONLINE AT facebook.com/thatmomentwhenshow AND CLICK LIKE FOR ALERTS TO NEW THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M ANMA NAWAZ. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, ANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: NA THE FORD FOUNDATION. WORKING WITH VISES ON THE FRONTLINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE WORLDWIDE.

>> CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. SUPPORTING INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION, DEMOCRATIC ENGAGEMENT, AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY. AT carnegie.org. OR AND WITH THE ONGOING SU OF THESE INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS. OG

>> THIS M WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YO THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org >>> HELLO, EVERYONE AND WELCOME TO AANPOUR AND COMPANY. HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP. INTERNATIONASPRESSURE MOUN SAUDI ARABIA OVER THE SHOCKING STORY OF JAMALHASHOGGI. THE JOURNALIST HASN'T BEEN SEEN SIE ENTERING THE CONSULATE TWO WEEKS AGO. I'LL HEAR FROM FORMER SENATOR BOB GRAHAM WHO SAYSHE T U.S. HAS PL PLACATED SAUDI ARABIA FOR NEARLY 20 YEARS. THEN WE'LL HEAR FROM A PROFESSOR WHO HAS CONTACT WITH BIN SALMAN. AND A JOURNEY FROM SCHOOL TEACR TO PROMINE CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST. PLUS ACTOR PAUL