PBS NewsHour; September 3, 2015 6:00pm-7:01pm PDT

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL.

>> Woodruff: ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: CHAOS AND CONFRONTATION AS MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES PUSH TO MOVE FARTHER WEST ACROSS EUROPE. A MORAL TEST FOR THE CONTINENT AS THE CRISIS ESCALATES.

>> Ifill: ALSO AHEAD THIS THURSDAY:

>> WE'RE NOT ISSUING A MARRIAGE LICENSE.

>> Ifill: JAILED FOR CONTEMPT: A KENTUCKY CLERK DEFIES THE SUPREME COURT RULING ALLOWING MARRIAGE LICENSES FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES.

>> RIGHT NOW, I THINK SHE HAS TO GIVE SOME SERIOUS CONSIDERATION ABOUT HOW LONG SHE WANTS TO SIT IN COUNTY JAIL.

>> Woodruff: PLUS, A DEFLATED SUSPENSION. A JUDGE RULES TO LET NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS QUARTERBACK TOM BRADY PLAY AT THE START OF THE NFL SEASON.

>> Ifill: ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: THE DESPERATION ONLY DEEPENED TODAY FOR THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE TRYING TO MAKE THE JOURNEY FROM THE MIDDLE EAST, ACROSS EASTERN EUROPE TO GERMANY. CROWDS FOUGHT WITH POLICE IN HUNGARY AS CHARGES AND COUNTER- CHARGES FLEW BETWEEN EUROPEAN LEADERS IN BRUSSELS. WE'LL HAVE A FULL REPORT, AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY.

>> Woodruff: DONALD TRUMP TODAY RULED OUT A THIRD-PARTY OR INDEPENDENT BID FOR THE WHITE HOUSE, IF HE DOESN'T WIN THE REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION. THE BILLIONAIRE BUSINESSMAN HAD REFUSED TO MAKE THAT PROMISE DURING THE OPENING DEBATE OF THE 2016 CAMPAIGN. BUT HE MET TODAY WITH THE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S NATIONAL CHAIRMAN, THEN EMERGED AT HIS MANHATTAN SKYSCRAPER TO SHOW HIS SIGNED LOYALTY OATH.

>> I WILL BE TOTALLY PLEDGING MY ALLEGIANCE TO THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND THE CONSERVATIVE PRINCIPLES FOR WHICH IT STANDS AND WE WILL GO OUT AND WE WILL FIGHT HARD AND WE WILL WIN. WE WILL WIN. AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, WE WILL MAKE OUR COUNTRY GREAT AGAIN.

>> Woodruff: THE PLEDGE IS NOT LEGALLY BINDING, BUT TRUMP SAID HE SEES "NO CIRCUMSTANCES" UNDER WHICH HE'D TEAR IT UP.

>> Ifill: A FORMER STATE DEPARTMENT STAFFER WHO HELPED SET UP HILLARY CLINTON'S PRIVATE E-MAIL SERVER IS REFUSING TO TESTIFY BEFORE A HOUSE COMMITTEE. INSTEAD, ATTORNEYS NOW SAY BRYAN PAGLIANO WILL CITE HIS RIGHT AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION. THE COMMITTEE IS INVESTIGATING THE 2012 ATTACK ON U.S. DIPLOMATS IN BENGHAZI, LIBYA, WHEN CLINTON WAS SECRETARY OF STATE.

>> Woodruff: PROSECUTORS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA SERVED NOTICE TODAY THEY'LL SEEK THE DEATH PENALTY FOR DYLANN ROOF, THE MAN ACCUSED OF SHOOTING NINE BLACK CHURCHGOERS TO DEATH IN JUNE. ROOF ALLEGEDLY OPENED FIRE DURING BIBLE STUDY AT THE HISTORIC EMANUEL A.M.E. CHURCH. PROSECUTOR SCARLETT WILSON SAYS SHE'S MET WITH ALL OF THE VICTIMS' FAMILIES SINCE THEN.

>> ALL UNDERSTAND MY RESPONSIBILITY AND HAVE SHOWN GREAT RESPECT, EVEN DEFERENCE, FOR MY DECISION TO SEEK THE DEATH PENALTY FOR THE KILLINGS AT MOTHER EMANUEL CHURCH. FOR THAT I AM TRULY, TRULY GRATEFUL. THIS WAS THE ULTIMATE CRIME, AND JUSTICE FROM OUR STATE CALLS FOR THE ULTIMATE PUNISHMENT.

>> Woodruff: SOME OF THE RELATIVES HAVE PUBLICLY FORGIVEN ROOF, AND THE PROSECUTOR ACKNOWLEDGED SOME OF THEM OPPOSE THE DEATH PENALTY.

>> Ifill: THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT IS OUT WITH ITS FINAL REPORT ON HOW POLICE HANDLED THE UNREST IN FERGUSON, MISSOURI, AND IT WARNS OTHER TOWNS TO TAKE HEED. THE TROUBLE IN FERGUSON ERUPTED AFTER A WHITE OFFICER KILLED MICHAEL BROWN IN AUGUST LAST YEAR. THE REPORT SAYS, IN PART: "THE ABSENCE OF TRUST BETWEEN THE POLICE... AND MANY IN THE COMMUNITY NEGATIVELY IMPACTED THE RESPONSE OF ALL AGENCIES INVOLVED." IT ALSO BLAMES MILITARY-STYLE TACTICS THAT ANTAGONIZED DEMONSTRATORS.

>> Woodruff: NEW FEDERAL REGULATIONS WILL BAN HEALTH CARE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST TRANSGENDER PEOPLE. THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ISSUED THE PROPOSAL TODAY, UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. FOR THE FIRST TIME, IT BARS BIAS BASED ON GENDER IDENTITY. THE RESULT WILL LIKELY BE EXPANDED INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR GENDER TRANSITION.

>> Ifill: CHINA STAGED A SHOW OF MILITARY POWER TODAY, TO MARK 70 YEARS SINCE JAPAN'S DEFEAT IN WORLD WAR TWO. AT THE SAME TIME, PRESIDENT XI JINPING IS CUTTING ITS FORCE, AND PLEDGED HIS COUNTRY WILL NEVER SEEK TO DOMINATE OTHERS. LUCY WATSON OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS REPORTS FROM BEIJING.

>> Reporter: IT STARTED WITH A FLOURISH. CHINA'S BIGGEST EVER DISPLAY OF POWER. A DIZZYING SPECTACLE SHOWING THE INTIMIDATING ADVANCEMENT OF ITS WEAPONS. THIS PARADE WAS TO COMMEMORATE VICTORY OVER JAPAN AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II. BUT IT WAS ALSO A VEHICLE FOR CHINA'S LEADER TO RALLY HIS TROOPS AND HIS NATION. THIS IS A SPECTACULAR DISPLAY. HIS WAY OF STOKING PATRIOTISM AND TRYING TO COMMAND RESPECT FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD. AND HE CHOSE THIS GLOBAL PLATFORM TO ANNOUNCE THAT HE WAS CUTTING TROOP NUMBERS BY 300,000, BUT THEY WILL STILL BE MORE THAN TWO MILLION STRONG. SO IT'S A GESTURE THAT WILL DO LITTLE TO REDUCE REGIONAL WORRIES OF THOSE WARY OF CHINA'S REAL AMBITIONS. WHEN THE COUNTRY'S MADE HUGE STRIDES TO BUILD A WORLD CLASS ARMY. THE PRESIDENT WANTS TO BE ONE OF CHINA'S STRONGEST LEADERS WHO STEERS IT AWAY FROM ECONOMIC TURMOIL. AND THIS IS A MAN WHO CAN GRIND A CITY TO A HALT, CHANGE THE WEATHER IF HE WANTS TO, THE INFAMOUS BEIJING SMOG WAS CLEARED FOR THIS OCCASION. SO LITTLE STANDS IN HIS WAY.

>> Ifill: ALSO TODAY, THE "FINANCIAL TIMES" REPORTED THE U.S. PLANS TO SANCTION CHINESE COMPANIES FOR USING HACKERS TO STEAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.

>> Woodruff: FRENCH INVESTIGATORS HAVE CONFIRMED THAT DEBRIS FOUND IN THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN BELONGS TO MALAYSIA AIRLINES FLIGHT 370. THE JETLINER DISAPPEARED MORE THAN A YEAR AGO WITH 239 PEOPLE ON BOARD. THE DEBRIS-- PART OF A WING-- WASHED UP ON REUNION ISLAND, 2,600 MILES WEST OF WHERE A SEARCH FOR THE PLANE IS CONTINUING.

>> Ifill: BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, SCORES ON THE S.A.T. COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMS HAVE DROPPED TO THE LOWEST IN NEARLY A DECADE. THE COLLEGE BOARD ADMINISTERS THE TEST. A REPORT TODAY FINDS THAT ONLY 42% OF STUDENTS WHO TOOK THE TEST IN THE CLASS OF 2015 ARE PREPARED FOR COLLEGE-LEVEL WORK OR CAREER-TRAINING. OVERALL, AVERAGE S.A.T. SCORES HAVE BEEN FALLING STEADILY SINCE 2006.

>> Woodruff: THERE'S ALSO WORD TODAY OF A SPIKE IN THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS ASKING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO FORGIVE THEIR COLLEGE LOAN DEBT. NEARLY 12,000 PEOPLE HAVE FILED CLAIMS, SAYING THEIR SCHOOL SHUT DOWN BEFORE THEY GRADUATED, OR LIED TO THEM ABOUT THEIR JOB PROSPECTS. THE SURGE FOLLOWS THE COLLAPSE OF CORINTHIAN COLLEGES, A FOR- PROFIT CHAIN.

>> Ifill: AND, WALL STREET CALMED CONSIDERABLY AFTER THE SWINGS OF RECENT DAYS. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 23 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 16,370. THE NASDAQ FELL 16 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ROSE TWO STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: EUROPE STRUGGLES TO RESPOND TO A SURGE OF MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES MOVING WEST. A COUNTY CLERK JAILED FOR DEFYING THE SUPREME COURT ON SAME SEX MARRIAGE. AND MUCH MORE.

>> Woodruff: WE TURN AGAIN TO THE MIGRANT AND REFUGEE CRISIS IN EUROPE. ANOTHER DAY BROUGHT MORE ANGER, DESPERATION, AND SORROW WE BEGIN OUR COVERAGE IN HUNGARY WHERE JAMES MATES OF INDEPENDENT TELEVISION NEWS SPENT THE DAY WITH REFUGEES DESPERATE TO LEAVE, BUT WITH NO WAY OUT. A WARNING: SOME IMAGES MAY BE DISTURBING.

>> FOR 48 HOURS THEY'VE BEEN KEPT OUT OF BUDAPEST CENTRAL STATION, DENIED BOARDING ON ALL TRAINS. SO WHEN INEXPLICABLY THIS MORNING THE HUNGARIANS REOPENED THE PLATFORMS, CHAOS WAS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE. THEY RUSHED FOR THE FIRST TRAIN THAT CAME IN BELIEVING WRONGLY IT WAS HEADED TO GERMANY. CHILDREN WERE PASSED OVERHEAD, VISIBLY DISTRESSED IN THE CRUSH. THEY BELIEVED THIS WAS TO BE THE FIRST TRAIN OUT OF BUDAPEST AND MAYBE EVEN THE LAST. WAIT ASKING NOT SEEM TO BE AN OPTION.

>> GERMANY.

>> GERMANY.

>> THE ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THIS TRAIN IS NOT GOING ANYWHERE, AND PLEASE GET OFF IT, BUT AFTER TWO DAYS STUCK IN THE STATION, THEY AREN'T LISTENING, MORE PEOPLE ARE GETTING ON.

>> THE SIGN ON THE DOOR CLEARLY NAMED A DESTINATION IN HUNGARY BUT IN A FOREIGN LAND THEY HAD SEEN WHAT THEY THOUGHT WAS A GERMAN NAME ON THE SIDE OF THE CARRIAGE.

>> WE'VE SEEN THE GERMAN WRITING, THIS MAN SAID. WE THINK THIS TRAIN IS GOING TO GERMANY.

>> A VOLUNTEER AIDE WORKER COULDN'T CONVINCE THEM OTHERWISE.

>> MAYBE THE TRAIN STAY HERE. I DON'T KNOW. BUT NO GERMANY. THIS IS WHAT THE POLICE SAY.

>> EVEN AS THE TRAIN PULLED OUT, THERE WAS AN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THERE WOULD BE NO INTERNATIONAL DEPAR TURES. BUT SEEING THE DANUBE PASS BELOW WAS ENOUGH TO CONVINCE THEM ALL WAS GOING WELL. THE HEAT IN THE CARRIAGES WAS ALMOST UNBEARABLE. OUR CAMERA LENS FOGGING UP IN MOMENTS. AND WITHIN LESS THAN AN HOUR, THE NEWS GOT WORSE. IN THE NEXT TOWN, THERE WAS A RECEPTION PARTY THIS WAS THE END OF THE LINE. THE PASSENGERS FROM ONE CARRIAGE WERE ENCOURAGED TO LEAVE BUT AS THEY WERE BEING CORRALLED BY POLICEMAN KEEPING THEMSELVES OUT IN RIOT GEAR, THEY BEGAN TO SUSPECT THE TRUTH. THEY WERE BEING LEAD AWAY TO A FEARBY REFUGEE CAMP. NO CAMP THEY CHANTED. AND THEN THE CRAY THAT IS COMING TO DEFINE THIS CRISIS.

>> SITTING ALONE WITH A TINY BABY, A MOTHER PLEADED NOT TO GO.

>> PLEASE, PLEASE!

>> BUT THEN HER HUSBAND GRABBED HER AND THE CHILD AND THREW ALL THREE OF THEM ON TO THE TRACKS. HE SEEMED TO INDICATE HIS WAIVE WAS PREGNANT. ACUTELY EMBARRASSED OF WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN FRONT OF THE WORLD CAMERAS, THE POLICE NONE TOO GENTLY ARRESTED AND HANDCUFFED HIM. BUT WORSE WAS TO COME. HEARING THE COMOTION FROM BEHIND POLICE LINES, THE REST BEGAN TO REVOLT. FIRST A GROUP BROKE THROUGH AND AWAY DOWN THE TRACKS. THEN FACED WITH FIGHTING A BATTLE, THE POLICE LINE GAVE WAY AND ALLOWED THEM BACK ON TO THE TRAIN.

>> A PR DISASTER, HUNGARIAN POLICE ARE TAKING THE LINE OF LEAST RESISTANCE AN LETTING THESE PEOPLE BACK ON THE TRAIN. WHAT HAPPENS NOW, WELL, WHO KNOWS.

>> AND FINDING OUT IS GOING TO BE HARD. REALIZING THIS WAS NOT LOOKING AT ALL GOOD --

>> THE WORLD NEEDS TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS TO THESE PEOPLE.

>> THE CAMERAS WERE SWIFTLY AND FIRMLY PUSHED AWAY. IT SEEMS THE STRATEGY NOW IS TO SIT IT OUT. THERE IS NO INDICATION AT ALL THE TRAIN IS GOING TO POV AGAIN NOR THAT THOSE ABOARD ARE GOING TO BE GIVEN ANY CHOICE BUT TO GO TO A FORMAL TRANSIT CENTER AND REGISTER AS REFUGEES HERE. THE DREAM OF A NEW LIFE IN GERMANY MAY NOT BE HAPPENING FOR A WHILE YET.

>> Woodruff: THE PHOTOGRAPH OF A THREE-YEAR-OLD SYRIAN BOY WASHED UP ON A TURKISH BEACH HAS GALVANIZED A WORLDWIDE DEBATE ABOUT THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES. AYLAN KURDI WAS ONE OF 12 SYRIANS WHO DIED TRYING TO REACH THE GREEK ISLAND OF KOS. A TURKISH POLICE OFFICER CARRIED HIS LIFELESS BODY ASHORE, NOT FAR FROM THE RESORT TOWN OF BODRUM. AYLAN, HIS FIVE-YEAR-OLD BROTHER AND THEIR MOTHER ALL DIED WHEN A TRAFFICKER ABANDONED THEM IN HIGH SEAS. THEIR FATHER SURVIVED AND TODAY PREPARED TO TAKE THEIR BODIES BACK HOME, TO KOBANI, SYRIA.

>> ( translated ): THE MAN STEERING THE BOAT SAW THAT THE SEA IS HIGH, THE WAVE WAS HIGH. WE WERE HIT BY THE FIRST WAVE AND HE ESCAPED. HE JUMPED INTO THE WATER AND ESCAPED AWAY. I TRIED TO TAKE OVER THE STEERING BUT WE WERE HIT BY ANOTHER WAVE, THE BOAT CAPSIZED. I GRABBED MY CHILDREN AND MY WIFE, THEY DIED.

>> Woodruff: WE TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT HOW THEIR STORY IS BEING SEEN IN EUROPE, WITH STEVE ERLANGER, THE LONDON BUREAU CHIEF FOR THE "NEW YORK TIMES." AND OUR OWN PBS NEWSHOUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MALCOLM BRABANT, WHO HAS BEEN REPORTING EXTENSIVELY ON THE REFUGEE CRISIS FOR US IN A NUMBER OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. ING AND WE WELCOME YOU BOTH. PAL COME, YOU ARE IN COPENHAGEN. WHAT IS THE REACTION THERE AND IN DENMARK TO THIS PICTURE, TO WHAT PEOPLE ARE SEEING UNFOLD?

>> I THINK PEOPLE ARE DISTRESSED VERY MUCH BY THIS. THROUGHOUT EUROPE. I THINK YOU WITH HAVE TO BE EXTREMELY HARD HEARTED NOT TO BE MOVED BY THIS. BUT ONE OF THE MORE INTERESTING COMMENTS HAS COME FROM A MARCH CALLED MARTIN HENDRICKSON WHO IS THE SPOKESMAN FOR INTEGRATION FOR THE DAN ANYBODY PEOPLE'S PARTY, THE PARTY THAT CRACKS THE WHIP HERE. HE SAYS IT IS VERY DISTRESSING BUT THE BLAME FOR THIS LIES WITH THE TRAFFIC EVER-- TRAFFICKERS AND ALSO WITH IS IS AND WITH PRESIDENT-- WITH ISIS AND PRESIDENT ASSAD IN SYRIA. THE PROBLEM IS, IT IS THESE PEOPLE, IF THESE PEOPLE WHO ARE CAUSING THE DEATHS OF PEOPLE LIKE AYLAN. NOT EUROPE, THERE ARE OTHERS SAYING EUROPE IS TO BLAME FOR THIS. FOR EXAMPLE, TURKEY'S PRESIDENT IS SAYING THAT EUROPE REALLY IS TURNING THE MEDITERRANEAN INTO A GRAVEYARD AS A RESULT OF ITS POLICIMENT BUT THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS BEING REJECTED BY THE RIGHT WHICH CONTROLS DENMARK.

>> Woodruff: STEVEN ERLANGER, WHAT DO YOU SEE, THE REACTION NOT ONLY IN BRITAIN BUT AS YOU LOOK ACROSS THE CONTINENT?

>> SOMETIMES PICTURES MOVE EVENTS AND ARE NOT JUST MOMENTS OF EVENTS. AND THIS SEEMS TO BE ONE OF THOSE PICTURES. HE'S HAD AN ENORMOUS IMPACT. AN MANY AMERICAN PAPERS DIDN'T RUN IT ON THEIR FRONT PAGES. BUT NEARLY ALL THE BRITISH PAPERS DID. AND MANY OF THE PAPERS IN FRANCE TOO. AND IT HAS PUT ENORMOUS MORAL AND POLITICAL PRESSURE ON GOVERNMENT LEADERS. MUCH OF THE TRUCK ON THE AUSTRIAN HIGHWAY WITH 71 DECOMPOSING BODIES DID. IT GIVES A SENSE OF HUMAN TRAG GEE-- TRAGEDY AND IT GIVES A POLITICAL PUSH. IT'S PARTICULARLY PUSHED DAVID CAME RO WHO HAS COME BACK FROM VACATION AND YESTERDAY HAD A RATHER CALLOUS REMARK ABOUT HOW TAKING MORE REFUGEES WON'T SOLVE THE PROBLEM. AND WHILE THAT'S TRUE, HE'S TRYING TO BALANCE HIS OWN DOMESTIC POLITICAL PROBLEMS WHICH ARE VERY MUCH ANTI-IMMIGRATION. AND THE FRENCH AND GERMANS ARE TOGETHER TRYING TO PUSH A UNIFIED EU PLAN AGAINST AN EU THAT IS NOT UNIFIED, THAT WORKS BY CONSENSUS. SO IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THIS PICTURE AND THE OUTRAGE AMONG PUBLIC THAT HAD IT HAS CAUSED WILL PUSH THESE POLITICIANS TO COME UP WITH A SOLUTION THAT IS LESS CHAOTIC AND LESS CALLOUS THAN WHAT WE'VE SEEN SO FAR.

>> Brown: MALL CON BRABANT, IS THAT WHAT YOU ARE SEEING, THAT MAYBE THIS ONE PICTURE AND THE EVENTS THAT LEAD UP TO IT COULD REALLY BRING THESE EUROPEAN LEADERS TO COME COME TOGETHER TO DO SOMETHING?

>> IT DOES APPEAR AS THOUGH THE YOUR MEAN UNION IS PLANNING TO DO SOMETHING IN THE COMING WEEKS. THEY'RE COMING UP WITH A PLAN WHEREBY ABOUT 160,000 REF GEES WILL POSSIBLY BE DISTRIBUTED AROUND EUROPE. THERE ARE COUNTRIES-- THAT WILL OPT OUT INCLUDING DENMARK AN THE UNITED KINGDOM. BUT IT APPEARS THE PRESSURE IS REALLY MOUNTING ON DAVID CAMERON, ESPECIALLY AS A RESULT OF A CAMPAIGN FROM THE INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER WHERE THEY HAVE HAD THIS TWITTER CAMPAIGN SAYING THAT REFUGEES ARE WELCOME. THERE IS A SENSE THAT MAYBE DAVID CAMERON IS GOING TO COME UP WITH A NEW PLAN TO TAKE SOME REFUGEES DIRECTLY FROM THE FRONT LINE STATES WHICH ARE ACTING AS HOSTS FOR THEM AT THE MOMENT. MAYBE FROM JORDAN OR FROM TURKEY OR FROM LEBANON. BUT CERTAINLY IT LOOKS AS THOUGH BRITAIN WILL HAVE TO OPEN ITS BORDERS TO SOME DEGREE. BUT I DON'T THINK THAT IS NECESSARILY GOING TO BE THE CASE IN DENMARK WHERE THE GOVERNING COALITION, WELL, THE GOVERNING PARTY, BACKED UP BY THE DAN ANYBODY PEOPLE'S PARTY IS FAIRLY RESOLUTE.

>> Woodruff: STEVEN ERLANGER S THERE ONE OR MORE-- WHO ARE THE EUROPEAN LEADERS THAT ARE GOING TO BE MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE COMING DAYS AND WEEKS ON THIS?

>> WELL, USUALLY IN THE EU IT'S GERMANY AND FRANCE TOGETHER. IF THEY CAN GET TOGETHER, AND ITALY, THAT IS REALLY WHAT TENDS TO PUSH THE MATTER FORWARD. AND THEY HAVE COME OUT WITH A JOINT STATEMENT MERKEL AND HOLLANDE TODAY WHICH CALLED FOR THE SETTING UP OF RECEPTION CENTERS. WHICH IS FAR TOO LATE. BUT CENTERS TO HOUSE MIGRANTS AND ASYLUM SEEKERS AND FEED THEM. AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, SCREEN THEM AND DECIDE WHETHER THEY'RE REAL REFUGEES OR WHETHER THEY'RE ECONOMIC MIGRANTS. AND THEN CAN BE SENT HOME. BUT SECONDLY, THEY ALSO WANT TO SET UP A MANDATORY SYSTEM WHEREBY REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE SHARED OUT TO THE REST OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. BECAUSE AT THE MOMENT, AS THE FRENCH SAY, ONLY FIVE COUNTRIES HAVE TAKEN 75% OF ALL THE ASYLUM SEEKERS. THE PROBLEM IS, AS I SAY, EU WORKS BY CONSENSUS. THE POLLS ARE AGAINST IT. THE HUNGARIANS ARE AGAINST IT. A LOT OF THE NEW MEMBERS FROM CENTRAL EUROPE ARE AGAINST MANDATORY QUOTAS. SO IT'S GOING TO BE DIFFICULT. BUT THE EU COMMISSION IS WORKING ON IDEAS THAT PERHAPS SOME COUNTRIES WOULDN'T WON'T TAKE REFUGEES BUT PROVIDE MONEY INSTEAD FOR THESE CENTERS. BUT AS MALCOLM SAYS, THERE'S A MEETING OF INTERIOR JUSTICE MINISTER, NOT UNTIL THE 14th OF SEPTEMBER. AND THEN THAT MIGHT BE FOLLOWED BY A SUMMIT MEETING OF ACTUAL LEADERS. SO THIS, THIS TRAGEDY STILL HAS WEEKS TO GO, IT SEEMS TO ME.

>> Rooney: MALCOLM BRABANT, YOU HAVE BEEN REPORTING ON THIS FOR WEEKS AND WEEKS NOW, IF THESE STEPS ARE TAKEN, IS THAT GOING TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

>> WELL, I'VE BEEN TALKING TO MY CONTACTS ON THE GREEK ISLAND OF LESBUS TO SEE WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW. IT SEEMS THERE IS AN HE NOR MOUSE RUSH TO GET INTO EUROPE. I WAS TALKING TO SOMEBODY WHO REGULARLY GOES DOWN TO THE BEACHES EVERY MORNING TO WELCOME THESE REFUGEES. SHE SAYS YOU LOOK OUT OF YOUR WINDOW NOW AND THERE ARE SOMETIMES 20 OR 30 BOATS. 3,000 PEOPLE A DAY. ARE NOW ARRIVING. THERE WERE SUPPOSED TO BE MAYBE AS MANY AS 70,000 PEOPLE WAITING JUST ACROSS THE WATER IN TURKEY TO COME ACROSS. THE TRAFFICKERS ARE SENDING THEM ACROSS IN WAVES. THERE ARE NOW 15,000 PEOPLE WHO ARE IN THE TOWN OF NITILLINI WHICH IS THE CAPITAL OF THE ISLAND. 15,000 REFUGEES IN AN ISLAND WITH 25,000 GREEKS. THE RUSH IS JUST ENORMOUS TO TRY TO GET INTO EUROPE. AND REMEMBER, THAT THE WEATHER IS JUST ABOUT TO CHANGE IN SEPTEMBER. IT'S BEEN ROUGH ALL WEEK ACROSS THE AGEAN BUT THE TRAFFICKERS ARE SENDING THESE PEOPLE ACROSS. THE BOATS ARE REALLY STRUGGLING TO GET ACROSS THERE, VERY POORLY CONSTRUCTED. THEY HAVE VERY WEAK OUTBOARD MOTORS. AND PEOPLE ARE GETTING INTO THE WATER. AND IT'S BEEN A MIRACLE THIS WEEK THAT THERE HAVEN'T BEEN MORE DROWNINGS.

>> Woodruff: ALL OF WHICH RAISES THE QUESTION, WHETHER THE KINDS OF THINGS WE'RE HEAR COG HAPPEN WILL MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE. I KNOW YOU WILL CONTINUE TO REPORT ON THIS, YOU AND STEVEN ERLANGER, THANK YOU BOTH, MALCOLM BRABANT, STEVE ERLANGER, WE THANK YOU.

>> Ifill: NOW TO KENTUCKY, WHERE A COUNTY CLERK OPPOSED TO GAY MARRIAGE RAN AFOUL OF THE LAW. WILLIAM BRANGHAM HAS OUR STORY.

>> Brangham: THE NEWS THAT COUNTY CLERK KIM DAVIS WAS GOING TO JAIL CAUSED CELEBRATION FOR GAY-RIGHTS SUPPORTERS OUTSIDE THE FEDERAL COURTHOUSE IN ASHLAND, KENTUCKY THIS AFTERNOON.

>> THE JUDGE DID HIS JOB AND FOLLOWED THE LAWS AND HELD HER IN CONTEMPT OF COURT, AND SHE SHOULD HAVE TO FOLLOW THOSE LAWS AS WELL.

>> DO YOUR JOB! DO YOUR JOB!

>> Brangham: THE CONTROVERSY CAME TO A HEAD EARLIER THIS WEEK WHEN DAVIS, THAT'S HER BEHIND THE DESK, REFUSED AGAIN TO ISSUE MARRIAGE LICENSES TO SAME-SEX COUPLES, CITING HER CHRISTIAN BELIEFS AGAINST THE PRACTICE.

>> WE'RE NOT ISSUING MARRIAGE LICENSES TODAY.

>> BASED ON WHAT?

>> SO I WOULD SUGGEST YOU ALL...

>> WHY ARE YOU NOT ISSUING MARRIAGE LICENSES TODAY?

>> BECAUSE I'M NOT.

>> UNDER WHOSE AUTHORITY ARE YOU NOT ISSUING MARRIAGE LICENSES?

>> UNDER GOD'S AUTHORITY.

>> Brangham: BACK IN JUNE, WHEN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT RULED THAT GAY MARRIAGE WAS LEGAL NATIONWIDE, DAVIS STOPPED ISSUING MARRIAGE LICENSES FOR ANYONE IN ROWAN COUNTY, KENTUCKY. WHEN GOVERNOR STEVE BESHEAR ORDERED ALL COURT CLERKS TO LICENSE SAME-SEX COUPLES, DAVIS SUED THE GOVERNOR FOR RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION. SHE TOOK HER CASE ALL THE WAY TO THE SUPREME COURT, BUT ON MONDAY, THE JUSTICES REJECTED HER APPEAL WITHOUT COMMENT. DAVIS REMAINED DEFIANT. IN A STATEMENT SHE SAID SHE WOULDN'T CHANGE COURSE: "IT IS NOT A LIGHT ISSUE FOR ME. IT IS A HEAVEN OR HELL DECISION. I INTEND TO CONTINUE TO SERVE THE PEOPLE OF ROWAN COUNTY, BUT I CANNOT VIOLATE MY CONSCIENCE. DAVIS TOLD A FEDERAL COURT JUDGE MUCH THE SAME TODAY, BUT HE RULED HER IN CONTEMPT OF COURT AND SENT HER TO JAIL. MARCIA COYLE IS WITH THE "NATIONAL LAW JOURNAL," AND A FREQUENT CONTRIBUTOR TO THE NEWSHOUR. SHE AND OTHERS WHO WORK FOR THE GOVERNMENT HAVE A RIGHT TO THEIR BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS OR OTHERWISE, TO AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH A LAW OR SUPREME COURT DECISION. HOWEVER, THEY DON'T HAVE AN UNLIMITED RIGHT. SHE TAKES AN OATH OF OFFICE AS MANY OF THESE CLERKS DO. AND SHE IS REQUIRED TO FULFILL THAT OATH OF OFFICE. A IF SHE CANNOT, THEN SHE HAS TO RESIGN.

>> IN

>> Brangham: IN KENTUCKY, DAVIS' STANCE HAS INCITED OUTRAGE IN SOME QUARTERS.

>> ENOUGH IS ENOUGH. IT'S CALLED RESPECT FOR THE LAW. KENTUCKY IS #1 IN STATE FOR AND WE ARE SPENDING TAXPAYERS MONEY ON THIS, WHAT IS THE LAW. IF YOU CAN'T DO YOUR JOB, RESIGN.

>> Brangham: BUT THE EMBATTLED COUNTY CLERK ALSO HAS HER SUPPORTERS, MANY OF WHOM ALSO SHOWED UP OUTSIDE HER FEDERAL COURT HEARING TODAY.

>> MY HOPES WOULD BE THAT GOVERNOR AND STATE OF KENTUCKY WOULD UPHOLD THE LAW, AND UPHOLD RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, TO WHERE OUR COUNTY CLERKS WOULDN'T HAVE TO DO THINGS AGAINST THEIR CONVICTIONS, WOULDN'T HAVE TO WRITE DOWN THEIR NAMES ON A CERTIFICATE THAT THEY FEEL IS AGAINST GOD'S WORD.

>> Brangham: DAVIS' STANCE, AND THE PROTESTS IT'S SPARKED, HAVE ALSO DRAWN REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES INTO THE FRAY. SOUTH CAROLINA SENATOR LINDSEY GRAHAM WAS ASKED ABOUT DAVIS TUESDAY, DURING AN INTERVIEW WITH CONSERVATIVE RADIO HOST HUGH HEWITT.

>> WHAT'S YOUR OPINION ON WHAT SHE OUGHT TO DO HERE SENATOR?

>> Brangham: OTHER CANDIDATES DISAGREE, INCLUDING DAVIS' HOME- STATE SENATOR RAND PAUL. HE TOLD THE "BOSTON HERALD": "I THINK PEOPLE WHO DO STAND UP AND ARE MAKING A STAND TO SAY THAT THEY BELIEVE IN SOMETHING, IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE AMERICAN WAY." DAVIS' OWN BELIEFS WILL NOW BE TESTED BY A STAY BEHIND BARS, AND THERE'S NO INDICATION HOW LONG IT MIGHT LAST. AGAIN, MARCIA COYLE:

>> I HAVE NO DOUBT THAT THERE'S GOING TO BE MUCH MORE LEGAL ACTION SURROUNDING HER. HER LAWYERS MAY WELL APPEAL THE CONTEMPT ORDER TO THE FEDERAL APPELLATE COURT, BUT RIGHT NOW, I THINK SHE HAS TO GIVE SOME SERIOUS CONSIDERATION ABOUT HOW LONG SHE WANTS TO SIT IN COUNTY JAIL.

>> Brangham: THE JUDGE ALSO

>> Woodruff: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: A JUDGE THROWS OUT NFL QUARTERBACK TOM BRADY'S SUSPENSION. ARE FAMILY LEAVE POLICIES ALSO GOOD BUSINESS FOR EMPLOYERS? AND, THE MAYOR OF LOS ANGELES ON HIS CITY'S CHANGING RELATIONSHIP WITH WATER. PRESIDENT OBAMA GOT THREE MORE SENATORS TO BACK THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL TODAY: DEMOCRATS CORY BOOKER, MARK WARNER AND HEIDI HEITKAMP, BRINGING THE TOTAL NUMBER TO 37. MEANWHILE, VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN WAS AT A JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER IN FLORIDA THIS MORNING, TO PRESS WHAT HAS BEEN A HIGH- STAKES LOBBYING CAMPAIGN FOR THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF AMERICAN JEWS. TONIGHT, CHIEF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT MARGARET WARNER TAKES A CLOSER LOOK TONIGHT AT THAT COMMUNITY AND THE ISSUE WHICH IS TRIGGERING RIGOROUS DEBATE.

>> Warner: THE CAMPAIGN WITHIN THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OVER THE IRAN DEAL HAS BEEN INTENSE AND BRUISING, WITH ADS OVER THE AIRWAVES AN INTERNET, FROM THE POWERFUL AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OR A PAC AND ITS A FELT YATE-- AIPAC AND IT'S A FELTUATED GROUPS.

>> CONGRESS SHOULD REJECT A BAD DEAL. WE NEED A BETTER DEAL.

>> Warner: AND FROM ADVOCACY GROUPS LIKE J-STREET FAVORING IT.

>> THIS DEAL PREVENTEDS A RAN FROM PRODUCING A NUCLEAR WEAPON. IT IS GOOD FOR AMERICA, GOOD FOR ISRAEL, AND MAKES BOTH COUNTRIES SAFER AND MORE SECURE.

>> Warner: AND IN DIRECT APPEALS FROM THE TWO COUNTRIES'S LEADERS IN COMPETING WEBCASTS SPONSORED BY THE JEWISH FEDERATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA. ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER BENJAMIN NETANYAHU WARNING OF THE DANGERS.

>> THIS IS A TIME TO STAND UP AND BE COUNTED. OPPOSE THIS DANGEROUS DEAL.

>> Warner: AND PRESIDENT OBAMA ASSERTING THE SPECIAL BOND THE U.S. FEELS WITH ISRAEL.

>> LIKE ALL FAMILIES, SOMETIMES THERE ARE GOING TO BE DISAGREEMENTSMENT AND SOMETIMES PEOPLE GET ANGRIER ABOUT DISAGREEMENTS IN FAMILIES THAN THEY DO WITH FOLKS WHO AREN'T FAMILY.

>> THIS IS, IN FACT, PERCEIVED TO BE A CORE STRATEGIC EXI SENSE-- EXISTENTIAL ISSUE.

>> AARON DAVID MILLER IS A VETERAN MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATOR UNDER SEVERAL PRESIDENTS.

>> AMERICAN JEWS WORRY FOR A LIVING. AND THE REALITY IS THAT NEVER IN MY 40 SOME YEARS HAVE I SEEN A COMMUNITY MORE ENERGIZED, MORE CONFLICTED AND AT TIMES MORE RELUCTANT TO ENGAGE IN WHAT ONE JEWISH LEADER DESCRIBED AS FRATRACIDE.

>> Warner: HOW DIFFICULT OF A DECISION IS THIS FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN JAUISH COMMUNITY?

>> IT'S A VERY STARK CHOICE. EITHER YOU SUPPORT THIS DEAL OR YOU O OPPOSE IT.

>> Warner: FORMER OBAMA STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL RUNS THE-- AT THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTE.

>> IT IS NOT EASY TO SAY THERE IS SOME COMPROMISE TOGETHER TO KNIT TOGETHER OPPOSEING SIDES. 9 SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST IS MORE TENSE AND SCARY IN MANY WAYS THAN IT HAS BEEN IN A LONG TIME AN AMERICAN JEWS FEEL THAT TOO. THEY THERE ARE CONCERNS ABOUT ISRAEL ARE AS SHARP AS EVER.

>> Warner: THAT SHARPNESS IS FELT HERE FAR FROM THE SCARY MIDDLE EAST AT THE KOL SHALOM SYNAGOGUE IN ROCKVILLE MARYLAND, OUTSIDE WASHINGTON. THE DEBATE WITHIN THIS CON GO GRATION HAS FOCUSED ON WHETHER THE IRAN DEAL IS GOOD FOR AMERICA, GOOD FOR ISRAEL AND HOW TO WEIGH THE TWO. LAST FRIDAY EVENING JUST BEFORE THE SABATH BEGAN, WE CAME TO KOL SHALL OMING TO SAMPLE OPINION. -- SAHLOM AND SAVRP ELED OPINION. WE FOUND THE FOR AND AGAINST, DOUBT AND DISMAY. COLLEGE STUDENT MARK REICHEL HAS YET TO MAKE UP HIS MIND.

>> IN MY FAMILY THERE IS A LOT OF ARGUING OVER DINNER AND STUFF. YEAH, SOME QUITE INTENSE.

>> DIGITAL STRATEGY COMPANY PRESIDENT JEFFREY RUM IS UNDECIDED BUT BRE MOANS THE TONE OF THE DEBATE.

>> IT IS SAD TO SEE THE JEWISH COMMUNITY HAS BECOME SO DIVISIVE OVER THE IRAN DEAL. I THINK THAT AT A TIME WHEN WE NEED TO BE COMING TOGETHER, WE'RE BEING TAKEN APART.

>> Warner: WITH A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE DEBATE WITHIN KOL SHALUM RABBIT MALTZMAN.

>> IT'S A POLITICALLY AWARE CONGREGATION WITH VOCAL OPPONENTS AND SUPPORTER OF THE DEAL. WITH E-MAILS AND PERSONAL TREATIES BATT SIDES HAVE PRESSED HIM HARD TO ANNOUNCE A POSITION. YOU HAVE NOT TAKEN A PUB LOOK STAND, WHY NOT?

>> I DON'T THINK THIS IS A MORAL OR AN EARTH CALL ISSUE THAT I HAVE A RIGHT TO TAKE A STAND ON. THIS IS A POLITICAL QUESTION. AND I BELIEVE THAT BOTH SIDES, UNDERLYING BOTH SIDES THERE IS A FEELING THAT WE JUST WANT THE BEST FOR ISRAEL. BUT THERE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS OF LOOKING AT IT.

>> Warner: WE MET TWO MEMBERS FIRMLY ON OPPOSITE SIDES, BIOTECH EXECUTIVE LEWIS SCHRAGGER ARE AN AN AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHER AND PLAYWRIGHT.

>> AFTER CAREFUL CONSIDERATION, AFTER READING THE AGREEMENT, TALKING TO PEOPLE I KNOW, BOTH HERE AND IN ISRAEL AND READING EVERYTHING I CAN, I HAVE COME DOWN ON, WITH THE POSITION THAT THIS SHOULD BE SUPPORTED.

>> Warner: TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT WHY IT'S DIFFICULT?

>> WELL, BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT AT STAKE. YOU KNOW, EVERY ONE AGREES THAT A NUCLEAR-ARMED IRAN IS AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT TO ISRAEL. IT SIMPLY IS. IT'S A SMALL COUNTRY. AND IT IS SURROUNDED BY STATES THAT DON'T HAVE ITS BEST INTERESTS IN MIND. THERE IS ALWAYS A SENSE OF VULNERABILITY. WE HAVE TO TAKE THAT VERY SERIOUSLY.

>> Warner: WHAT IS YOUR VIEW OF IT?

>> I FIND THAT IT'S JUST A PIECE. THAT WE'VE HAD 30 YEARS IN WHICH THE IRANIANS HAVE BEEN CHEATING.

>> Warner: HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR AL HELLMAN, A FORMER SCIENCE DIRECTOR AT THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE HEARS THE ECHOES OF HISTORY. HE IS CERTAIN THE DEAL WILL ENDANGER ISRAEL AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE LONG RUN. SO WHAT IS THE ALTERNATIVE GIVEN WHERE WE ARE NOW?

>> THE ALL ANSWER-- ALTERNATIVE FIRST OF ALL IS TO BASICALLY SET A RED LINE, THAT IN THE EVENT THAT THEY DO NOT CONFORM WITHIN THE NEXT SIX MONTHS, THAT WE ARE GOING TO DESTROY THEIR NUCLEAR FACILITIES.

>> Warner: THE SOLUTION IS MILITARY.

>> THE SOLUTION IS MILITARY AM I KNOW WHAT HAPPENED PRIOR TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR. I LOOK AT THIS DEAL, AND FROM THE VERY BEGINNING, THE SAME WAY I THINK I LOOKED AT IT WHEN CHAMBERLAIN CAME BACK WITH PEACE IN OUR TIME.

>> Warner: SO WHEN YOU BRING UP THE CHAMBERLAIN EXAMPLE, ARE YOU ESSENTIALLY SAYING THAT WITTINGLY OR UNWITTINGLY THOSE WHO SUPPORT THIS DEAL ARE ENGAGING IN APPEASEMENT?

>> I THINK SO, ABSOLUTELY.

>> ONE OF THE BIG CONCERNS FOR ME AS I REACHED MY CONCLUSION ABOUT THIS, IS A CONCERN ABOUT WHAT I CALL THE A WORD IN THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMUNITY WHICH IS APPEASEMENT. IF I HONESTLY THOUGHT THIS WAS APPEASEMENT, I WOULDN'T GO ANYWHERE CLOSE TO IT.

>> Warner: ALSO PLAYING A ROLE IN THIS DEBATE ARE MIXED FEELINGS ABOUT BOTH PRIME MINISTER NETANYAHU AND PRESIDENT OBAMA. A MAJORITY OF JEWS ARE DEMOCRAT, AND SOME HAVE BEEN OFFENDED BY NETANYAHU INSERTING HIMSELF SO VOCIFEROUSLY INTO A U.S. DOMESTIC DEBATE.

>> HE'S THE PRIME MINISTER OF A SOVEREIGN COUNTRY. ABOUT WHICH I CARE DEEPLY. BUT THE WAY HE IS INTERVENING POLITICALLY, I FIND DEEPLY TROUBLING.

>> Warner: YET SCHRAGER ALSO HARBORS DOUBTS ABOUT PRESIDENT OBAMA'S RESOLVE TO ENFORCE THE DEAL.

>> I HAVE BEEN TROUBLED BY OBAMA'S-- I DON'T WANT TO CALL IT FICKLENESS OR LACK OF-- COMMITMENT IN MY VIEW, PARTICULARLY IN DEALING WITH, SAY, THE SYRIAN MESS. THAT DOESN'T SHOW STRENGTH.

>> Warner: ALL THIS HAS LEFT AMERICAN JEWS IN A MIND SAID TAMM AR RA WITTES.

>> A DEAL LIKE THIS INVOLVES UNCERTAINTY, IT INVOLVES RISK. AND MOST OF ALL IT INVOLVES UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE INTENT OF THE GUYS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE TABLE, OF THE IRANIAN REGIME. SO AT THE END OF THE DAY PEOPLE HAVE TO MAKE A MAKE A JUDGEMENT CALL AND THAT'S VERY HARD.

>> EVEN AS THE WHITE HOUSE NAILS DOWN THE CONGRESSIONAL VOTES IT NEEDS, WHERE AMERICAN JEWS ARE ASSESSING WHAT THIS WILL MEAN, REMAINS VERY HARD INDEED. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOURING I'M MARG RED WARNER-- MARGARET WARNER IN WASHINGTON.

>> Ifill: WITHIN MINUTES OF A JUDGE'S DECISION TO OVERTURN THE SUSPENSION OF QUARTERBACK TOM BRADY, THE NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS TOOK TO TWITTER TO CELEBRATE WITH THIS PICTURE. IT WAS A BIG WIN FOR BRADY IN HIS BATTLE WITH NFL COMMISSIONER ROGER GOODELL OVER WHAT'S BECOME KNOWN AS "DEFLATEGATE." THE JUDGE DID NOT RULE ON WHETHER BRADY WAS AWARE OF, OR INVOLVED WITH, A PLAN TO DEFLATE FOOTBALLS. BUT HE SAID GOODELL DID NOT PROPERLY INFORM BRADY OF WHAT HE WAS ACCUSED OF, AND THE POTENTIAL PUNISHMENT. HE ALSO NOTED BRADY'S LEGAL TEAM WAS UNABLE TO EXAMINE ONE OF THE LEAD INVESTIGATORS IN THE CASE. DAN SHAUGHNESSY IS A SPORTS COLUMNIST FOR THE BOSTON GLOBE. KEVIN BLACKISTONE IS A PROFESSOR OF SPORTS JOURNALISM AT UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. HE ALSO REPORTS ON SPORTS FOR THE "WASHINGTON POST" AND ESPN. GENTLEMEN, WELCOME TO YOU BOTH. DAN SHAUGHNESSY, HOW BIG A VICTORY IS THIS FOR TOM BRADY?

>> AN OFFICIAL STATE HOLIDAY HERE IN MASSACHUSETTS MOVING FORWARD. THIS DAY IN SEPTEMBER WILL ALWAYS BE COMMEMORATED IN FUTURE YEARS.

>> Ifill: BUT DESERVEDRY SO, YOU BELIEVE?

>> WELL, THEY HAVE WAITED A LONG TIME FOR THIS. THIS IS VINDZ CASE, VALIDATION, ALL THAT STUFF. AND AS A GAME TONIGHT, A PRESEASON GAME WHERE TOM BRADY, I WILL DOUBT HE WILL PLAY, BUT HE HAS A CHANCE TO RUN ON THE FIELD. IF BELICHICK HAS ANY SENSE OF THEATER HE WILL SENDS HIM OUT TO GET HAND THE BALL OFF AND GET THE O OVATION THAT IS NO DOUBT COMING HIS WAY.

>> Ifill: IS THIS WHAT WAS SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN GIVEN THE FACTS OF THE CASE.

>> I WAS SURPRISED GIVEN THE PRECEDENCE IS THAT SWRUJS RARELY OVERTURN ARBITRATIONS, BUT IN THIS CASE IT HAPPENED. AND WITH A SWEEPING GESTURE FROM THE JUDGE, CLEANING THE SLATE FOR THE PATRIOTS AS WELL AS FOR TOM BRADY. AND I THINK AS LONG AS THIS THING HAS DRAGGED ON, THIS STARTED WAY BACK IN JANUARY, HERE WE ARE IN SEPTEMBER. ANOTHER FOOTBALL SEASON IS ABOUT TO START. I THINK A LOT OF FANS HAVE JUST BEEN PARALYZED BY THE CONTINUATION OF LEAKS FROM THE STORY AND THE CONVERSATION ABOUT THE STORY. AND ARE JUST READY FOR IT TO MOVE ON. AND QUITE FRACKLY, GIVEN THE WAY THAT THE LEAGUE HAS HANDLED SOME OTHER MATTERS THAT ARE MUCH MORE SERIOUS, I THINK, THAN THE PSI IN FOOTBALL, I THINK PEOPLE FELT THAT THERE WAS NO WAY THAT THE LEAGUE WAS GOING TO BE ABLE TO HAMMER TOM BRADY IN THE SAME MANNER THAT HAD IT HAD SOME OTHERATE REALITIES WHO HAD GONE ASTRAY OF THE REAL LAW.

>> Ifill: WELL, PICKING UP ON KEVIN'S REFERENCE TO OTHER MATTERS WHICH HAVE ARISEN FOR ROGER GOODELL, DAN SHAUGHNESSY, HOW BIG OF A DEFEAT, A SETBACK WAS THIS FOR HIM TODAY?

>> THIS IS BAD FOR HIM. I MEAN CUZ IF THIS WERE UPHELD, AND IT COULD BE YEARS BEFORE WE KNOW THAT, I DON'T KNOW HOW QUICKLY THE SUPERIOR SECOND CIRCUIT COURT RULES. BUT THIS BASICALLY TELLS YOU IF YOU ARE AN NFL PLAYER AND GET PUNISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER, JUST GO TO COURT. THAT IS A BAD PRECEDENT FOR THE LEAGUE TO HAVE. AND THEY'RE ON A LOSING STREAK IN COURT. AND THIS IS A BIG SETBACK FOR THEM, DEFINITELY.

>> Ifill: THE COMMISSIONER HAS ALSO SAID, KEVIN BLACKISTONE THAT HE WILL APPEAL THIS. WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF THAT, OR ARE WE JUST GOING TO KEEP STRETCHING THIS OUT?

>> YOU KNOW, I THINK HE'S GOING TO KEEP STRETCHING IT OUT. I MEAN THE CYNIC IN ME SUGGESTS THAT THIS IS A MOLE HILL BUILT INTO A MOUNTAIN WITH PURPOSE BY THE NFL TO STOP PEOPLE FROM LOOKING AT THE REAL ISSUE SUCH AS THE CONCUSSION STORY. I MEAN BACK IN APRIL THE LEAGUE HAD TO RAISE ITS CEILING FOR WHAT IT'S GOING TO PAY FOR A CONCUSSION LAWSUITS TO OVER A BILLION DOLLARS. WE JUST SAW A REPORT FROM "THE NEW YORK TIMES" A FEW DAYS AGO ABOUT THIS NEW WILL SMITH MOVIE CALLED "CONCUSSIONS" WHERE THE NFL APPARENTLY GOT INVOLVED WITH SONY, ONE OF ITS CORPORATE PARTNERS THROUGH VIDEO GAMING, TO TRY AND TONE DOWN ANY MESSAGING IN THAT FILM THAT WOULD IMPLICATION-- IMPLICATE THE NFL IN THE ENTIRE CONCUSSION ISSUE. AND OF COURSE THAT COURT CASE BACK IN APRIL, WHERE THEY WERE FORCED TO PAY OVER A BILLION DOLLARS IN SETTLEMENT, ALSO INCLUDED INFORMATION WHERE THE NFL DID NOT HAVE TO REVEAL WHAT IT KNEW AND WHEN IT KNEW AND HOW MUCH YOU IT KNEW ABOUT THIS ENTIRE CONCUSSION STORY. SO THAT IS FAR MORE SERIOUS, YET THEIR MARKETING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS HAS PULLED ALL OF US IN THE MEDIA AND ALL THE FANS INTO TALKING ABOUT PSI AN FOOTBALL.

>> WELL, THERE ALSO HAVE BEEN QUESTIONS ABOUT GOODELL'S HANDLING OF SOME PLAYER ABUSE CASES, DAN SHAUGHNESSY. WE ALWAYS RAISE THE QUESTION AFTER EVERY ONE OF THESE CASES WHERE ROGER GOODELL SURVIVE. DO YOU SEE ANY SHIFT IN THAT LANDSCAPE FOR HIM TODAY?

>> I THINK IT'S A SETBACK TODAY. I WOULD BE MAD AT THE LAWYERS, MAD AT THE COMMISSIONER IF I WERE AN NFL OWNER. AT THE SAME TIME, THE RAY RICE THING A YEAR AGO WAS FAR WORSE IN TERMS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS. HERE YOU'VE GOT A BUY ABUSING HIS WIFE IN THE ELEVATOR, VIDEO OF IT, GETS GAME SUSPENSION, NATIONAL OUTRAGE AN YET THE LEAGUE HAD ONE OF ITS BEST YEARS EVER. IT ALWAYS DOES, PEOPLE LOVE NFL. THEY LOVE TO AM GABLE. THEY LOVE THE TELEVISION, OF FOOTBALL. AND IT GOES ON. THE THING MOVES ON. THE OTHER 31 OWNERS IT'S UP TO THEM. WE KNOW BOB KRAFT IS MAD AT ROGER GOODELL. HOW DO THE OTHER FEEL, I SAY HE SURVIVES THIS.

>> Ifill: LET ME ASK YOU BOTH WHETHER IN THE END IT IS ABOUT THE PSI CASE WHICH IS WHAT IS ON THE TABLE TODAY OR ANYTHING ELSE. IS FOOTBALL DAMAGED? IS TOM BRADY VIND CATED? WHAT IS THE OUTCOME AFTER A RULING LIKE TODAY'S KEVIN BLACKISTONE?

>> WELL, I MEAN I THINK THE DAMAGE IS ON GOODELL, AS YOU STARTED TO MENTION, THE BEGINNING OF. THIS HE SUFFERED ANOTHER BLOW TO HIS REPUTATION AS A STEWARD OF THIS GAME. HOWEVER AS DAN ALLUDED TO, THIS GAME JUST GOES ON. THE GAME IS GOING TO MAKE MORE MONEY THIS YEAR THAN LAST YEAR AND LAST YEAR WAS A RECORD YEAR. WHICH IS WHY ROGER GOODELL'S POCKETS CONTINUE TO GET LINED WITH TENS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM THE MEN WHO HE WORKS FOR AS OWNERS OF THE FRANCHISES IN THIS LEAGUE. AND AS SOON AS THE GAME STARTS FOR REAL, PEOPLE WILL FORGET ABOUT THIS. BROADCASTERS WON'T TALK ABOUT IT. THOSE OF US WHO WRITE ABOUT THE GAME WON'T WRITE ABOUT IT THAT OFTEN. WE'LL BE TALKING ABOUT WINS AND LOSSES AND INJURIES AND SURPRISES, AND ROOKIES WHO ARE SHOWING OUT AND VETERANS WHO ARE ON THE DOWNSIDE OF THEIR CAREERS. AND HOW THE PATRIOTS ARE MANAGING THE SEASON.

>> Ifill: AND ABOUT THE GAME, BASICALLY.

>> SURE, THE GAME. AND WITH ALL OF THIS, I WOULD BET THAT THE FIRST PATRIOTS GAME OF THIS SEASON WILL BE ONE OF THE MOST WATCHED GAMES OF ALL TIME.

>> Ifill: SO DAN SHAUGHNESSY, DOES THAT MEAN TOM BRADY DOES A REAL VICTORY LAP, UNINTERRUPTED VICTORY LAP?

>> WHEN HE'S PLAYING AT FOXBOROUGH IT IS ULS GOING TO BE THAT WAY. IT WOULD BE THAT WAY EVEN IF HE LOST TODAY, DON'T WORRY ABOUT THAT, BUT THEY HAVE A PRESEASON GAME TONIGHT, OPENER IS A WEEK FROM TONIGHT, NATIONAL TV. THAT WILL BE A BIG VICTORY LAP. THEY WILL UNIF YOU RECALL THE CHAMPIONSHIP BANNER AND TOM BRADY WILL BE THERE AT QUARTERBACK.

>> DAN SHAUGHNESSY OF THE "BOSTON GLOBE" AND KEVIN BLACKISTONE, THANK YOU BOTH VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: THE ISSUE OF BENEFITS IN THE WORKPLACE IS GETTING NEW ATTENTION AFTER A SERIES OF HIGH-PROFILE ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM THE TECH SECTOR. NETFLIX RECENTLY SAID IT WOULD OFFER UP TO A YEAR OF PAID LEAVE TO NEW PARENTS. YAHOO CEO MARISSA MAYER STIRRED UP ATTENTION AGAIN AFTER SHE SAID SHE WOULD NOT TAKE OFF MUCH TIME ONCE SHE GIVES BIRTH TO A PAIR OF TWINS. BUT THE VAST MAJORITY OF AMERICAN WORKERS DO NOT RECEIVE ANY PAID FAMILY LEAVE. EARLIER THIS YEAR, OUR ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT PAUL SOLMAN LOOKED AT WHY THAT IS. HERE'S AN ENCORE OF THAT REPORT. IT'S PART OF OUR WEEKLY SERIES, "MAKING SENSE," WHICH AIRS EVERY THURSDAY ON THE NEWSHOUR.

>> Reporter: AFTER HAVING HER BABY, ELINORE, VANESSA HAWZE TOOK 12 WEEKS OFF FROM HER RETAIL JOB. UNPAID. IT CAUSED A CASH FLOW CRUNCH.

>> ANYTIME THAT I WENT TO THE GROCERY, OR HAD TO GET GAS OR BUY DIAPERS, I BOUGHT EVERYTHING ON MY CREDIT CARDS.

>> Reporter: ELINORE'S FATHER, NICK MCAULIFFE, TOOK NO UNPAID LEAVE. BECAUSE IF HE DID...

>> WE WOULD STARVE TO DEATH IF I DID. ( LAUGHS )

>> Reporter: TEACHER MICHELLE ALCOSER WAS BACK IN THE CLASSROOM ONLY FIVE AND A HALF WEEKS AFTER HAVING SON, SEBASTIAN, ALL SHE COULD AFFORD.

>> WHEN I FIRST CAME BACK, HE WAS STILL ONLY SLEEPING ABOUT 90 MINUTES AT A TIME, AND HAVING THE TIME TO SLEEP AND HANDLE ALL OF THE ADDITIONAL WORKLOAD THAT COMES WITH THAT WAS A LOGISTICAL CHALLENGE. ( LAUGHS )

>> Reporter: AND WHEN HER NEW BABY, DECLAN, ARRIVED, CLAIRE PRESTWOOD WAS COUNTING ON SICK OR VACATION PAY FOR AT LEAST SOME OF HER MATERNITY LEAVE. BUT HER THREE-YEAR-OLD'S ILLNESSES HAD WIPED THEM OUT. SO PRESTWOOD WENT TO PROVIDERS OF LAST RESORT.

>> WE SOLICIT LEAVE DONATIONS AND COLLEAGUES OR WORK FRIENDS WILL DONATE. SO FAR, I'VE RECEIVED TWO DONATIONS.

>> Reporter: THEY COVERED TWO DAYS OF PAID LEAVE, FOR WHICH THE PRESTWOODS' ARE ETERNALLY GRATEFUL. SUCH STRESSES ARE THE NORM IN AMERICA, BUT, NOWHERE ELSE. ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS, WE AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARE THE ONLY COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD THAT DO NOT PROVIDE ANY PAID TIME OFF FOR NEW MOTHERS. AND ONLY SINCE 1993 HAVE WE HAD THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT-- OR F.M.L.A.-- WHICH GRANTS UP TO 12 WEEKS OF UNPAID LEAVE FOR FULL-TIME WORKERS AT FIRMS WITH FIFTY OR MORE EMPLOYEES. BUT THE LAW FAILS TO COVER FULLY 40% OF AMERICAN WORKERS, LIKE PART-TIMER KIMBERLY LEWIS.

>> I DON'T ACTUALLY GET TIME OFF.

>> Reporter: LEWIS, A GRADUATE ASSISTANT, WON'T BE ELIGIBLE FOR EVEN UNPAID LEAVE WHEN SHE GIVES BIRTH FEBRUARY.

>> I'VE BEEN WORKING DURING THIS SEMESTER BREAK TO KIND OF BANK HOURS IN ORDER SO THAT WHEN THE BABY DOES COME, I WON'T HAVE TO REPORT TO WORK THE NEXT DAY.

>> Reporter: THE NEXT DAY. AS FOR PAID FAMILY LEAVE, 16 WEEKS IN THE NETHERLANDS, 52 WEEKS IN DENMARK AFTER THE BIRTH OF A BOUNCING BABY OR EVEN A DANCING BABY, ALMOST 70 WEEKS IN SWEDEN, 12 WEEKS IN BURUNDI-- THAT'S JUST A PIPE DREAM FOR AMERICANS LIKE LEWIS. HERE ONLY ONE IN EIGHT RECEIVE PAID FAMILY LEAVE. PRESIDENT OBAMA PUSHED PAID LEAVE IN HIS STATE OF THE UNION. AND HIS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR HAS URGED BUSINESSES TO LEAD ON LEAVE. BUT, CLAIRE PRESTWOOD POINTS OUT, THE GOVERNMENT ITSELF DOESN'T OFFER PAID LEAVE. SHE KNOWS BECAUSE SHE'S A FEDERAL EMPLOYEE.

>> IT'S SLIGHTLY HYPOCRITICAL TO TELL THE PRIVATE SECTOR THEY NEED TO PAY MATERNITY AND PATERNITY LEAVE, BUT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ITSELF DOES NOT OFFER THAT.

>> Reporter: THE PRESIDENT HAS NOW DIRECTED FEDERAL AGENCIES TO ADVANCE EMPLOYEES SICK LEAVE, TO BE REPAID LATER, AFTER THE BIRTH OF A BABY, HE IS ALSO PRESSING CONGRESS TO GRANT SIX WEEKS OF ACTUAL PAID FAMILY LEAVE, THOUGH PASSAGE IS UNLIKELY.

>> Reporter: BUT NOTHING'S CHANGED FOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS LIKE VANESSA HAWZE. JUST TO GET APPROVAL FOR HER F.M.L.A.-MANDATED UNPAID LEAVE, IT TOOK MULTIPLE CALLS TO HUMAN RESOURCES, DOCTORS NOTICES, A PASSEL OF PAPERWORK.

>> IT CHANGED MY OPINION OF WANTING TO BE EMPLOYED WHILE BEING A NEW MOM.

>> IT'S JUST SO DIFFICULT TO DEAL WITH YOUR EMPLOYER.

>> Reporter: NOW YOUR HEART MIGHT GO OUT TO THESE WOMEN, BUT MAYBE YOUR MIND SHOULD AS WELL. PAID LEAVE NOT ONLY BOLSTERS FAMILIES, SAYS ECONOMIST CHRIS RUHM, BUT BOASTS BROAD ECONOMIC BENEFITS AS WELL.

>> IT LEADS TO HIGHER OVERALL EMPLOYMENT RATES OF WOMEN.

>> Reporter: RUHM HAS FOUND THAT NEW MOMS ARE MORE LIKELY TO RETURN TO WORK IF THEY GET PAID LEAVE.

>> IT'S GOING TO PRESERVE HUMAN CAPITAL, WHICH LEADS TO HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY. I THINK WE WOULD BE WILLING TO ACTUALLY PAY SOME COSTS TO SUPPORT A FAMILY VALUE, BUT IN FACT IN THIS CASE, WE ACTUALLY MIGHT GET A BENEFIT. SO, SO IT'S A DOUBLE GAIN.

>> Reporter: TAKE GOOGLE, ONE OF SEVERAL TECH FIRMS THAT ENTICE TOP TALENT WITH FAMILY FRIENDLY PERKS. WHEN GOOGLE EXTENDED PAID MATERNITY LEAVE TO 18 WEEKS, THE RATE AT WHICH NEW MOMS LEFT THE COMPANY FELL BY 50%. YOUTUBE C.E.O. SUSAN WOJCICKI, A LONGTIME GOOGLE EMPLOYEE, BEFORE TAKING HER FIFTH MATERNITY LEAVE, CORROBORATES ECONOMIST RAHM.

>> PAID LEAVE WORKS TO AVOID COSTLY TURNOVER AND TO RETAIN THE VALUED EXPERTISE, SKILLS AND PERSPECTIVE OF OUR EMPLOYEES WHO ARE MOTHERS. THEY ANNOUNCED AN UNLIMITED LEAF POLICY IN THE FIRSTIER AFTER A CHILD'S BIRTH OR ADOPTION. OKAY SO, THEN THE OBVIOUS QUESTION,

>> Reporter: OKAY, SO THEN THE OBVIOUS QUESTION: WHY HASN'T THE US JOINED THE REST OF THE WORLD, PAPUA ASIDE, IN OFFERING PAID FAMILY LEAVE?

>> IT CAN BE A, QUITE A HARDSHIP FOR A COMPANY.

>> Reporter: TRICIA BALDWIN IS THE SECRETARY TREASURER OF RELIABLE CONTRACTING, WHERE WORKERS GET 12 WEEKS OFF, PER THE F.M.L.A. PLUS, SHORT-TERM DISABILITY PAYMENTS OF $200 A WEEK. BUT EVEN THAT'S A BURDEN FOR FIRMS LIKE HERS, SHE SAYS, THAT AREN'T QUITE AS RICH AS GOOGLE.

>> IF WE HAVE SOMEONE IN A POSITION, THAT JOB IS IMPORTANT. SO, IT MEANS THAT JOB HAS TO BE REPLACED, AND DONE BY SOMEBODY ELSE. THAT MEANS PAYING SOMEBODY, I CAN'T IMAGINE HAVING TO PAY THEM ALSO FOR THEIR SALARY WHILE THEY'RE OUT AS WELL.

>> Reporter: THIS IS NO MINORITY VIEW. A SURVEY OF BUSINESSES FOUND 98% OPPOSED TO MANDATED PAID FAMILY LEAVE

>> IF IT'S GOOD BUSINESS, BUSINESSES WILL DO IT.

>> Reporter: LIBERTARIAN ECONOMIST JEFFREY MIRON DISPUTES THE DATA ON THE BENEFITS OF PAID LEAVE, BUT REGARDLESS, HE THINKS, BUSINESS POLICY SHOULD BE LEFT TO CONSENTING ADULTS.

>> THE GOVERNMENT SHOULDN'T BE INTERFERING IN THE LABOR MARKET. IT SHOULDN'T BE DICTATING ANY TERMS THAT ARE ARRANGED BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES.

>> Reporter: BUT ARE YOU THEN SAYING THAT LABOR MARKETS SHOULD DECIDE THE WAGES AND BENEFITS REGARDLESS OF ANY LEGISLATION AT ALL, THAT IS, THERE SHOULD BE NO MINIMUM WAGE, SAY?

>> THAT IS WHAT I WOULD SAY.

>> Reporter: MIRON'S IS AN EXTREME VIEW, BUT IT CONTAINS A KEY QUESTION ABOUT PAID LEAVE: WHO'S GOING TO DO THE PAYING?

>> EITHER THE OWNER OF THE BUSINESS IS GOING TO PAY FOR IT IN LOWER PROFITS OR THE CUSTOMER'S GOING TO PAY HIGHER PRICES BECAUSE WE'VE RAISED THE COST FOR THAT BUSINESS, OR IT'S GOING TO COME FROM THE SALARIES OF OTHER WORKERS, BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS TO PAY FOR THE PAID LEAVE OF THOSE PEOPLE WHO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SUCH A POLICY.

>> Reporter: BUT RUHM NOTES THAT AFTER CALIFORNIA BECAME THE FIRST STATE TO MANDATE THE BENEFIT MORE THAN 90% OF COMPANIES REPORTED EITHER POSITIVE OR AT WORST NEUTRAL EFFECTS.

>> BUSINESSES SEEM TO JUST MAKE IT WORK, AND THE POLLING DATA WE HAVE, WHEN WE SURVEY THEM, MOST OF THEM SAY IT'S JUST NOT A BIG DEAL.

>> Reporter: AND, SUPPORTERS ASK, IS IT REALLY GOOD FOR OUR ECONOMY THAT MOTHERS LIKE MICHELLE RETURN TO WORK WHILE HER SON STILL SLEEPS IN 90- MINUTE BLOCKS AND NURSES CONSTANTLY, WHILE SHOULDERING A TEACHING LOAD THAT'S HEAVIER THAN EVER?

>> IF I THINK ABOUT HOW HARD IT'S GOING TO BE, THEN I WON'T DO IT.

>> Reporter: DO WE WANT NEW DADS LIKE NICK McAULIFFE TO BE BACK ON THE JOB SO SOON AFTER HIS DAUGHTER IS BORN?

>> BELIEVE IT OR NOT, KIDS ACTUALLY NEED THEIR DAD. I DO WHAT I CAN, BUT I'M GONE FOR TEN HOURS A DAY. I'M GETTING FOUR HOURS OF SLEEP A NIGHT, AND STILL HAVE TO PUT IN 40, 45, 50 HOURS A WEEK.

>> Reporter: AND IN FACT, MOST AMERICANS SAY THEY SUPPORT PAID FAMILY LEAVE BUT NO ONE WANTS TO PAY FOR IT. SO FOR THE TIME BEING, IT'S STILL JUST US AND PAPUA, NEW GUINEA, GOING IT ALONE. PAUL SOLMAN, REPORTING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR.

>> Ifill: NOW TO OUR WEEKLY FEATURE, "BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR." TONIGHT, WE HEAR FROM MAYOR ERIC GARCETTI OF LOS ANGELES. WITH CALIFORNIA IN THE MIDST OF A SEVERE DROUGHT, THE STATE IMPOSED MANDATORY WATER RESTRICTIONS EARLIER THIS YEAR. LAST WEEK, THE MAYOR'S OFFICE ANNOUNCED THAT FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, LOS ANGELES SAVED EVEN MORE WATER THAN THE STATE ASKED THEM TO, USING TWO MILLION FEWER GALLONS.

>> THE DROUGHT IN LOS ANGELES AND IN CALIFORNIA ARE HERE TO STAY. SO WE'VE GOT TO MAKE IT A LITTLE MORE EXCITING, MAKE IT A LITTLE MORE SEXY. AH, WATER. YOU SEE SO MUCH WATER MISUSED, WASTED, THROWN OUT TO THE OCEAN, OR BAD DECISIONS MADE AS WE TAKE UP MORE WATER THAN WE NEED TO SUSTAIN LIFE. THE SAVE THE DROP CAMPAIGN IN LOS ANGELES IS ALL ABOUT MINDFULNESS. IT'S ABOUT BEING CONSCIOUS OF OUR BEHAVIOR AN OUR USE. I'M HALF MEXICAN, HALF JEWISH SO IT WILL BE A COMBINATION OF INTELLIGENCE FORWARD LOOKING ACTION AND OLD FASHION GUILT. DROUGHT SHAMING IS WHEN YOU GO TO YOUR NEXT-DOOR NEIGHBOR AND SAY YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE NEVER BEEN ON THAT GRASS ON YOUR FRONT LAWN, WHY DIDN'T YOU GET RID OF IT. I WOULD SAY IF YOU HAVE A LAWN YOU ARE A USING, KEEP IT. WATER LESS FREQUENTLY BUT KEEP IT BUT 90% OF LAWNS SHALL MAYBE EVEN MORE GO COMPLETELY UNUPPED. WE'RE BEING VERY INNOVATIVE IN LOS ANGELES WITH WATER, WITH THE PLENTIFUL WATER WE STILL HAVE. SWITCHING OUT OUR TURF AND PAYING PEOPLE TO DO THAT TO HAVE BETTER PLANS TO USE LESS WATER AND RECYCLING WATER. ABOUT 60% OF OUR DAILY USE OF WATER, EQUIVALENT OF THAT, GETS TREATED THROUGH OUR SAULTISH-- SAULTAGE TREATMENT PLANTS TO A STANDARD WE BASICALLY DRINK AN WASH IT OUT TO THE OCEAN INSTEAD OF PUTTING IT BACK INTO THE LAND HERE. WE'RE NOT JUST PLANNING FOR THE NEXT TWO YEARS TO GET THROUGH THE IMMEDIATESY OF THE DROUGHT BUT WE HAVE A 10 YEAR AND 20 YEAR PLAN TO WEAN OURSELVES OFF OF WATER THAT WE IMPORT. THIS IS AN NONPARTISAN ISSUE. WATER DOESN'T CARE WHAT YOUR PARTY REGISTRATION IS. IT JUST CARES THAT YOU ARE WASTING IT. I HOPE TO LEAVE BEHIND A LEGACY IN WHICH WE REENGINEER LOS ANGELES ONCE AGAIN IN A WAY TO LIVE MORE SUSTAINABLY WITH THE WATER WE ALREADY HAVE. I'M MAYOR ERIC GARCETTI AND THERE IS MY BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR TAKE ON CALIFORNIA AND OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH WATER

>> Ifill: ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE, TODAY WE BEGIN A NEW SERIES ON THE UNEXPECTED STORIES BEHIND SOME COMPELLING PHOTOS FROM LESSER-KNOWN PHOTOGRAPHERS. OUR FIRST POST IS MORE OF AN UNSOLVED MYSTERY: IT BEGAN WHEN A PHOTOGRAPHER CAME ACROSS A TROVE OF UNIDENTIFIED FILM IN A THRIFT STORE. WE POSTED TWO OF THOSE PHOTOS ON OUR HOME PAGE. SEE IF YOU CAN SOLVE THE MYSTERY YOURSELF. THAT'S AT pbs.org/newshour.

>> Woodruff: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.

>> Ifill: AND I'M GWEN IFILL. JOIN US ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING WITH MARK SHIELDS AND MICHAEL GERSON. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160 YEARS. BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS US.

>> THE LEMELSON FOUNDATION. COMMITTED TO IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH INVENTION. IN THE U.S. AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. ON THE WEB AT lemelson.org.

>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS

>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org >>> THIS IS "NIGHTLY BUSINESS REPORT," WITH TYLER MATHISEN AND SUE HERERA. >>> MAKE OR BREAK. WHY TOMORROW'S JOBS REPORT COULD DETERMINE WHETHER THE FEDERAL RESERVE DOES SOMETHING LATER THIS MONTH THAT IT HASN'T DONE IN NEARLY A DECADE. THE DIGITAL HIGHWAY. WILL BIG INVESTMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY HELP MAKE YOUR COMMUTE A WHOLE LOT EASIER? >>> AND TOO MUCH RISK? WHY YOUR PORTFOLIO MAY NOT BE AS DIVERSIFIED AS YOU MAY THINK. ALL THAT, AND MORE, TONIGHT ON "NIGHTLY BUSINESS REPORT" ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3rd. >>> I'M SUE HERERA. TYLER MATHISEN IS OFF TODAY, A DAY THAT SAW A BIG MARKET RALLY FADE. >>> WE BEGIN TONIGHT WITH THE JOB MARKET. AND TOMORROW'S EMPLOYMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST. WHICH IS BEING HAILED