PBS NewsHour; November 22, 2016 6:00pm-7:01pm PST

Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC

>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT: FROM CONFLICTS OF INTEREST TO CLIMATE CHANGE, PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP GOES ON THE RECORD WITH "THE NEW YORK TIMES." WE TALK WITH TRUMP'S SENIOR ADVISOR, KELLYANNE CONWAY. AND, WE MEET THE MAN CHALLENGING NANCY PELOSI FOR LEADERSHIP OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. THEN, HOW THE MOTHER OF A DEAD ISIS FIGHTER BATTLES TO END RADICALIZATION IN EUROPE.

>> MAYBE THAT ANGER, I'M USING IT AS A STRENGTH. TO HIT BACK AT THEM AND SAY, "NO, YOU ARE NOT TAKING ANY MORE OF OUR CHILDREN."

>> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE, ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> Woodruff: PRESIDENT-ELECT DONALD TRUMP IS OFF TO FLORIDA TONIGHT FOR THE LONG THANKSGIVING WEEKEND, AND HE'S TRAILING HEADLINES IN HIS WAKE. HE SAT DOWN TODAY AT "THE NEW YORK TIMES" FOR AN EXTENSIVE, LIVE-TWEETED QUESTION AND ANSWER. JULIE DAVIS, WHO COVERS THE WHITE HOUSE, WAS ONE OF THE "TIMES" REPORTERS IN THE MEETING WITH MR. TRUMP, AND SHE JOINS ME NOW. JULIE DAVIS, WELCOME BACK TO THE "NewsHour". SO THIS WAS AN ON AGAIN OFF AGAIN SESSION, WASN'T IT?

>> THIS WAS. WE HAD PLANNED FOR IT TO BE FROM 1:00 TO 2:00 TODAY, AND THEN WE FOUND OUT VIA TWEET EARLY THIS MORNING THAT MR. TRUMP DECIDED TO CANCEL. SHORTLY THEREAFTER, WITHIN A COUPLE MORE HOURS, HE TWEETED AGAIN AND WE HEARD FROM OUR BUSINESS AND EDITOR, COLLEAGUES HERE AT THE "TIMES" AT IT WAS BACK ON. SO WE ALL DID GET TO SIT DOWN.

>> Woodruff: AND IT WAS PARTLY OVER WHETHER IT WAS ON THE RECORD OR NOT, IS THAT RIGHT?

>> THAT'S RIGHT, YES. HE HAD AGREED TO SIT DOWN WITH US ON THE RECORD. HE MET BRIEFLY WITH THE PUBLISHER A FEW MOMENTS BEFOREHAND OFF THE RECORD AND SAID EARLIER ON TWITTER THAT WE HAD CHANGED THE GROUND RULES AT THE LAST MOMENT AND HE WAS CANCELING WHEN, IN FACT, HE WAS THE ONE WHO ASKED IT WOULD BE OFF THE RECORD AND DIDN'T WANT TO SHOW UP UNLESS IT WAS. BUT WE ENDED UP GETTING TO TERMS AND IT WAS ON THE RECORD.

>> Woodruff: YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING WHAT HE HAS BEEN SAYING QUITE A WHILE. WHAT DID YOU THINK STOOD OUT?

>> WELL, THE DONALD TRUMP WE SAW TODAY AT THE "TIMES" WAS A DIFFERENT TONE AND DIFFERENT POSITIONS THAN WHAT WE HEARD ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL. WE ASKED HIM ABOUT PROSECUTING HILLARY CLINTON, WHICH WAS A FAVORITE CHANT OF HIS SUPPORTERS ON THE THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL. HE SAID HE WASN'T REALLY INTERESTED IN DOING THAT. HE WANTED TO GET PAST THE ELECTION, IT WAS VERY DIVISIVE AND HE REALLY HAD NO INTEREST IN THAT, SO THAT WAS NEW. HE ALSO BACKED OFF OF HIS INSISTENCE THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD BEGIN WATERBOARDING TERROR SUSPECTS AGAIN. HE SAID HE'S SPOKEN TO GENERAL MATTIS WHO HE HAS BEEN CONSIDERING FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AND SAYS ESSENTIALLY THAT WATERBOARDING DOESN'T WORK AND THAT HE'S INCLINED TO BUY THAT ASSESSMENT, SO THAT WAS NEW. HE ALSO SAID HE WOULDN'T NECESSARILY RIP UP THE PARIS CLIMATE ACCORD WHICH IS SOMETHING HE'S REALLY BEEN AGAINST OR HAD BEEN REALLY AGAINST AS A CANDIDATE. SO THERE WAS A LOT THAT WAS NEW.

>> Woodruff: AND YET, I GATHER FROM THE REPORTING OF TIEMEDZ WHEN REPORTERS PRESSED HIM ON HIS BUSINESS ARRANGEMENTS AND HOW THOSE MIGHT BE AFFECTED WHEN HE BECOMES PRESIDENT, HE WAS PRETTY INSISTENT ON HIS POSITION ON THAT. WHAT DID HE SAY ABOUT THAT?

>> WELL, HE ESSENTIALLY SAID, YOU KNOW, WE ASKED HIM ABOUT WHETHER HE WOULD LIQUIDATE HIS BUSINESS. HE SAID, IT'S REAL ESTATE, YOU CAN'T JUST SELL THINGS OFF. ESSENTIALLY HIS POINT WAS, AS PRESIDENT, I'M NOT REALLY BOUND BY ANY OF THE ETHICS RULES, THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A CONFLICT OF INTEREST IF YOU'RE PRESIDENT. WHICH THE LETTER OF THE RULE IS TRUE, BUT THE SPIRIT OF THE RULE, WHEN PRESSED, HE SAID I WOULD LIKE TO DO SOMETHING TO GIVE AN APPEARANCE THERE WASN'T A CONFLICT, HE WOULD BEEN NAILED DOWN ON THAT AND WOULDN'T SAY THERE WAS ONE THING HE WOULD BE WILLING TO SUBMIT TO AS PRESIDENT THAT HE IS DIVIDING HIS ROLE FROM HIS ROLE IN HIS BUSINESS EMPIRE.

>> Woodruff: ONE OF THE THINGS THE REPORTERS PRESSED HIM ON IS THE ALT-RIGHT MOVEMENT. WHAT DID HE SAY ABOUT THAT?

>> HE DEFENDED STEVE BANNON AND SAID HE'S A DECENT GUY AND BEEN TREATED UNFAIRLY AND IF HE MR. TRUMP THOUGHT STEVE BANNON WAS A RACIST OR ANTI-SEMITE HE, ASK, WOULD NEVER HAVE HIRED HIM AND IF HE HEARD HIM SAY OR MAKE ANY DECISIONS ALONG THOSE LINES HE WOULD BE OUT. HE DEFIED THE NAZI SUPPORTERS GATHERING IN D.C. OVER THE WEEKEND AND SAID IF THOSE PEOPLE ARE ENCOURAGED BY ME I DON'T WANT THAT AND I'M NOT ASKING THAT AND HE SAID HE STRONGLY CONDEMNED AND DISAVOWED THAT. WE HAVEN'T SEEN HIM DO IT ON TWITTER AND IN SOME OTHER VENUES HE HAS BEEN LESS VOCAL ABOUT IT BUT TERRELL TODAY AT THIS MEET HEG IS A ADAMANT THAT THOSE ARE NOT THINGS HE TOLERATES AND HE DOESN'T BELIEVE MR. BANNON HOLDS THEM.

>> Woodruff: JULIE DAVIS AND "NEW YORK TIMES" REPORTERS HAD AN EXTENDED TALK WITH

>> Woodruff: FIND MORE ONLINE, WHERE YOU CAN READ THE LIVE TWEETS FROM THE "NEW YORK TIMES" MEETING. THAT'S AT www.pbs.org/newshour. AND WE'LL HEAR FROM TRUMP SENIOR ADVISOR KELLYANNE CONWAY, AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY. IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, PRESIDENT OBAMA COMMUTED THE SENTENCES OF ANOTHER 79 FEDERAL PRISONERS-- TAKING HIM OVER THE 1,000 MARK. THE WHITE HOUSE SAYS THAT'S MORE THAN THE LAST 11 CHIEF EXECUTIVES COMBINED. MR. OBAMA HAS FOCUSED ON NON- VIOLENT DRUG OFFENDERS, ARGUING THAT IT "MAKES NO SENSE" FOR THEM TO SERVE LONG PRISON TERMS. A FEDERAL JUDGE IN TEXAS HAS BLOCKED A RULE MAKING MORE THAN FOUR MILLION WORKERS ELIGIBLE FOR OVERTIME PAY. THE LABOR DEPARTMENT REGULATION WAS SET TO TAKE EFFECT DECEMBER FIRST, BUT 21 STATES SUED TO STOP IT. THE RULE MANDATES OVERTIME FOR ANYONE MAKING LESS THAN ABOUT $47,000, DOUBLE THE CURRENT STANDARD. A SCHOOL BUS DRIVER IN CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE WILL FACE CHARGES OF VEHICULAR HOMICIDE IN MONDAY'S CRASH THAT KILLED FIVE YOUNG CHILDREN. AUTHORITIES SAY JOHNTHONY WALKER WAS GOING WELL OVER THE SPEED LIMIT WHEN THE BUS SMASHED INTO A TREE. CREWS AT THE CRASH SITE REMOVED THE WRECKAGE TODAY, AND THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD SENT A TEAM TO INVESTIGATE.

>> WE CERTAINLY SEND OUR CONDOLENCES TO THE PARENTS OF THOSE CHILDREN. MY DAUGHTER RIDES THE SCHOOL BUS EVERY DAY. I UNDERSTAND THAT. WE WILL DO EVERYTHING WE CAN TO TRY TO PREVENT THIS FROM HAPPENING AGAIN.

>> Woodruff: A DOZEN CHILDREN WERE STILL HOSPITALIZED TODAY; SIX OF THEM IN INTENSIVE CARE. WALKER IS SCHEDULED TO APPEAR IN COURT EARLY NEXT WEEK. A SAN ANTONIO MAN SAYS HE WAS ANGRY ABOUT A CHILD CUSTODY FIGHT, BEFORE HE ALLEGEDLY SHOT A POLICE OFFICER. OTIS McKANE WAS ARRESTED MONDAY, A DAY AFTER DETECTIVE BENJAMIN MARCONI WAS AMBUSHED IN HIS POLICE CAR. McKANE ANSWERED QUESTIONS FROM REPORTERS LAST NIGHT AS HE WAS BEING TAKEN TO JAIL. HE SAID HE DID NOT KNOW MARCONI.

>> I'VE BEEN THROUGH SEVERAL CUSTODY BATTLES, AND I WAS UPSET AT THE SITUATION I WAS IN, AND I LASHED OUT AT SOMEONE WHO DIDN'T DESERVE IT.

>> DO YOU HAVE ANYTHING TO SAY TO HIS FAMILY?

>> I'M SORRY.

>> Woodruff: McKANE NOW FACES A CAPITAL MURDER CHARGE. IN TURKEY, A SWEEPING PURGE ENSNARED ANOTHER 15,000 SOLDIERS, POLICE AND CIVIL SERVANTS TODAY. IT'S PART OF PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN'S EXPANDING CRACKDOWN SINCE LAST SUMMER'S FAILED COUP. MORE THAN 38,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN JAILED, AND MORE THAN 100,000 OUSTED FROM THEIR JOBS. GENERAL MOTORS WILL BE ALLOWED TO DELAY RECALLING MILLIONS OF VEHICLES IN THE U.S. FOR POTENTIALLY DEFECTIVE AIR BAGS. THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AGREED TO THE UNUSUAL MOVE TODAY. IT INCLUDES 6.8 MILLION OLDER MODEL PICKUPS AND S.U.V.'S. G.M. HAS ARGUED THE TAKATA AIRBAG INFLATORS IN THOSE VEHICLES ARE, IN FACT, SAFE. THE COMPANY NOW HAS UNTIL AUGUST OF NEXT YEAR TO PROVE IT. AND, ON WALL STREET, THE POST- ELECTION MARKET RALLY CRACKED A NEW BARRIER. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 67 POINTS TO CLOSE ABOVE 19,000 FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE NASDAQ ROSE 17 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 ADDED FOUR. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: WE TALK TO TRUMP AIDE KELLYANNE CONWAY, AND THE MAN CHALLENGING NANCY PELOSI TO LEAD HOUSE DEMOCRATS; PLUS, A MOTHER'S STRUGGLE AFTER HER SON LEFT HOME TO JOIN ISIS, AND MUCH MORE.

>> Woodruff: THE TRUMP TRANSITION TEAM IS IN ITS SECOND WEEK OF WORK PREPARING TO TAKE OVER THE WHITE HOUSE AND BEGIN THE NEXT ADMINISTRATION. TO DISCUSS WHAT'S AHEAD, WE TURN TO KELLEYANNE CONWAY, FORMER CAMPAIGN MANAGER AND SENIOR ADVISOR TO PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP'S TRANSITION TEAM. SHE JOINS ME NOW FROM NEW YORK. WELCOME, KELLYANNE CONWAY. I WANT TO ASK YOU FIRST ABOUT THE PRESIDENT-ELECT, WHAT HE SAID DURING THE CAMPAIGN. HE REPEATEDLY CALLED HIS OPPONENT CROOKED HILLARY, SAID SHE SHOULD BE IN JAIL, AND HIS CROWDS YELLED "LOCK HER UP." NOW HE SAYS HE DOESN'T WANT TO SEE THE CLINTONS HURT. IF THAT'S THE WAY HE FELT, WHY SO MUCH FOCUS OBSERVE PUTTING HER IN JAIL?

>> JUDY, IT DOESN'T CHANGE THE FACT THAT A MAJORITY OF THE COUNTRY FINDS HILLARY CLINTON TO BE NEITHER HONEST NOR TRUSTWORTHY, SHE DOES HAVE THAT VERACITY PROBLEM WITH THE PEOPLE. I THINK THAT'S VERY CLEAR. I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS SHE WAS NOT ELECTED PRESIDENT AND HE WAS. BUT HE ALSO AS PRESIDENT-ELECT MADE VERY CLEAR INCLUDING TODAY ON THE RECORD MEETING WITH THE "NEW YORK TIMES" THAT I ATTENDED, HE MADE IT CLEAR THAT HE THINKS HILLARY CLINTON HAS SUFFERED ENOUGH AND HE'S LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE AND NOT THE PAST. SO AT THIS MOMENT HE'S SAYING HE HAS NO INTEREST IN PURSUING THESE ALLEGATIONS OR THESE CHARGES, AND I THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, FOR THOSE WHO ARE ALSO ASKING FOR HIM TO BE THE PRESIDENT OF ALL AMERICANS, TO HELP HEAL A DIVIDED NATION, THEY OUGHT TO BE HAPPY TO HEAR WHAT HIS WORDS ARE TODAY.

>> Woodruff: SOMETHING ELSE MR. TRUMP WAS EMPHATIC ABOUT DURING THE CAMPAIGN IS UNDOING THE PARIS CLIMATE CHANGE ACCORD AND, TO THE "NEW YORK TIMES" TODAY, IT'S REPORTED THAT HE SAID HE'S OPEN NOW TO WHAT DECISION TO MAKE ON THAT. BUT ISN'T IT THE KAY THAT, WITH THAT ACCORD -- BUT ISN'T IT THE CASE THAT, WITH THAT ACCORD, YOU EITHER SIGN IT OR DON'T? THERE'S NO COMPROMISE?

>> HE SAID I WILL TAKE A LOOK AT IT AND HE WILL WHEN HE'S PRESIDENT, H HE WILL TAKE A LOOK AT IT AND MAKE A DECISION. HE'S WELL AWARE OF THE PARIS CLIEMENT ACCORDS AND WHAT IT IS IF YOU AGREE OR DON'T AGREE TO IT. BUT THERE WAS A LONGER CONVERSATION ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE, ABOUT THE MANY DIFFERENT ISSUES, FRANKLY. BUT HE SAID, I'LL TAKE A LOOK AT IT. THAT'S WHAT A RESPONSIBLE LEADER DOES. THEY ASSUME OFFICE, CONSULT WITH THEIR EXPERTS AND MAKE DECISIONS.

>> Woodruff: WE LEARNED, KELLYANNE CONWAY, THE PRESIDENT-ELECT HAS HAD TWO PHONE CALLS, I THINK HE SAID, WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA SINCE HE MET WITH HIM THE WEEK OF THE ELECTION. CAN YOU TELL US HOW LONG THOSE CALLS LASTED AND WHAT THEY TALKED ABOUT?

>> WELL, THEY WEREN'T AS LONG AS THE 90-MINUTE MEETING THAT PRESIDENT OBAMA AND PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP HAD IN THE OVAL OFFICE WHEN HE VISITED RECENTLY, JUDY, BUT THEY HAVE HAD A CU COUPLE OF FOLLOW-UP CONVERSATIONS. THE COUNTRY SHOULD BE HAPPY ABOUT THAT. THEY BOTH HAD A VESTED INTEREST IN A PEACEFUL TRANSITION OF OUR GREAT DEMOCRACY, AND PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP SAID TODAY ON THE RECORD THAT PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS BEEN VERY GRACIOUS TO HIM, VERY HELPFUL. THEY HAD A CONVERSATION OR TWO ABOUT ON SPECIFIC ISSUES AND, IN FACT, IN THE CASE OF ONE ISSUE THAT WOULD HAVE GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS, MR. TRUMP REFUSED TO ELABORATE. IT BASICALLY WAS A CONVERSATION AMONG PRESIDENTS AND I THINK WEES A PEOPLE AND AS VOTERS AND THE CITIZENS HAVE TO RESPECT THAT.

>> Woodruff: YO I HAVE SEVERAL QUESTIONS FOR YOU, KELLYANNE CONWAY. I WANT TO CALL THEM QUICK-ANSWER QUESTIONS BECAUSE THERE IS SO MUCH TO TALK ABOUT. BUT STARTING WITH THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF PROMINENT PRP MEMBERS OF CONGRESS IN THE LAST FEW DAYS WHO'VE SAID THAT NOW THEY LOOKED AT IT THAT THIS SHOULD BE DONE OVER SEVERAL YEARS, THE REPEAL OF IT, THE CHANGE OF IT BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT TO DISRUPT INSURANCE MARKETS. PRESIDENT OPEN TO THAT, PRESIDENT-ELECT OPEN TO THAT?

>> THE PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP HAS MADE VERY CLEAR THAT HE INTENDS TO REPEAL AND REPLACE ObamaCare, AND REPLACE IT WITH WHAT, JUDY. HE SAID YOU CAN ACTUALLY PURCHASE HEALTH INSURANCE ACROSS STATE LINES MUCH THE WAY YOU WOULD AUTO INSURANCE AND MANY SERVES. YOU'RE NOT RESTRICTED TO ONE STATE. I THINK IN A FREE MARKET PATIENT-CARE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM YOU WOULD WANT THAT TO HAPPEN. SECOND, WE WOULD BLOCK MEDICAID TO THE STATES AND THOSE CLOSEST TO THE PEOPLE ARE MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT THAT. THIRD, HAVE SAVINGS ACCOUNTS FOR ALL AMERICANS SO YOU CONTROL ALL OF THE SPENDING. IT ROLLS OVER AND MAY ACCRUE INTEREST. YOU'RE MORE PERSONALLY IN CHARGE OF THE SPENDING FOR THE PERSONAL, INTIMATE HEALTHCARE DECISIONS. ALSO THROUGH A TAX REFORM PLAN, GETTING RID TO HAVE THE ObamaCare AFFORDABLE CARE ACT PENALTY, WE ARE FORCED BETWEEN TWO BAD CHOICES, EITHER BUY THE GOVERNMENT-RUN HEALTH INSURANCE OR PAY THE PENALTY. SO HE'S GOING TO USE SOME VERY SPECIFIC THINGS. HE HAS A REPUBLICAN HOUSE AND SENATE TO HELP HIM DO THAT. THERE ARE ALSO THINGS THAT, WITHIN THE SYSTEM, THAT HE MAY WANT TO PRESERVE IF THEY'RE WORKING, AND THEY'RE WORTH RETAINING. HE'S NOT HERE TO HURT PEOPLE. HE'S HERE TO MAKE BETTER ON THE PROMISE THAT WAS NEVER FACILITATED WHICH IS TO HAVE AFFORDABLE, ACCESSIBLE QUALITY, CHOICES AND GOOD ACCESS FOR ALL HEALTH INSURANCE.

>> Woodruff: LET ME ASK YOU A FEW OTHER SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS. ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS THE PRESIDENT-ELECT TALKED ABOUT IN THE CAMPAIGN IS NO CHANGES IN ENTITLEMENTS, SOCIAL SECURITY, MEDICAID, SO FORTH IN. THE LAST FEW DAYS, SPEAKER PAUL RYAN, THOUGH, HAS TALKED ABOUT CHANGING MEDICARE INTO A PREMIUM SUPPORT SYSTEM, PARTIALLY PRIVATIZING IT. IS THIS SOMETHING MR. TRUMP WOULD BE OPEN TO DOING?

>> PRESIDENT-ELECT TRUMP HAS MADE IT CLEAR HE WANTS TO MAKE GOOD ON THE PROMISES WE MADE TO THE SENIORS WHO RELY ON MEDICARE AND THE LOWER-INCOME CITIZENS WHO RELY ON MEDICAID AND SOCIAL SECURITY FOR THOSE WHO RECEIVE THAT. AT THE SAME TIME, HE IS OPEN TO HEARING DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS AND BETTER WAYS OF DOING THINGS. HE WILL, I'M SURE, TAKE A LOOK AT SPEAKER RYAN'S PROPOSAL AND OTHERS' PROPOSAL. HE'S SOMEONE WHO I KNOW WELL IS A GREAT LISTENER, LEARNER AND PULLS TOGETHER COUNSEL AND TRIES TO RELY ON BEST PRACTICES. HE'S ALSO A DOER. HE DOESN'T KICK THE CAN DOWN THE ROAD. HE'S AN ACCOUNTABLE BUSINESSMAN AND DELIVERS ACCOUNTABLE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE AND I THINK IN THIS CASE HE WILL LOOK AT ALTERNATIVES, JUDY, AS LONG AS IT DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH HIS COMMITMENT TO KEEP THE PROMISES TO THOSE CURRENTLY RELYING ON THEM.

>> Woodruff: WE ALSO SAW TODAY IN HIS TALK WITH THE "NEW YORK TIMES" THAT MR. TRUMP DISTANCED HIMSELF WITH THE SO-CALLED ALT RIGHT. ARE THERE REGRETS ON HIS PART AND THE PART OF THE PEOPLE AROUND HIM ABOUT HOW HEATED THE LANGUAGE GOT IN EXTREME D THE CAMPAIGN?

>> JUDY, HE COULD NOT BE MORE FIRM AND UNEQUIVOCAL IN HIS DISAVOWAL OF THOSE ELEMENTS. HE'S NEVER ASKED THEM TO BE AT HIS RALLIES TO SUPPORT HIM, TO ENDORSE HIM, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, HE HAS BEEN VERY CLEAR IN DISAVOWING THEM AND HE DID IT TODAY AGAIN AT THE "NEW YORK TIMES." HE WAS ASKED TWO SEPARATE QUESTIONS ABOUT THAT PARTICULAR ISSUE. I THINK ASSIGNING TO HIM EVERYTHING THAT'S EVER BEEN SAID OR DONE BY ANYBODY WHO SAYS THEY SUPPORT HIM IS TRULY UNFAIR. I DIDN'T HEAR HILLARY CLINTON BEING ASKED AGAIN AND AGAIN IF SHE AGREED WITH MANY PEOPLE SHOUTING OUT THAT THOSE PIGS SHOULD FRY, LET'S SMELL THE BACON FRYING, REFERRING TO OUR HONORED MEN AND WOMEN IN BLUE, OUR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS, AND, SO, HE CANNOT BE MORE EMPHATIC AND UNEQUIVOCAL ABOUT DISTANCING HIMSELF FROM AND DENOUNCING THE RHETORIC AND POLICIES OF THIS ELEMENT OF SOCIETY. I DON'T KNOW WHAT ELSE HE CAN DO.

>> Woodruff: BUT I GUESS THE QUESTION IS COULD HE BE MORE FORCIBLE RIGHT NOW IN PERSONALLY DENOUNCING SOME OF THE HATE CRIMES THAT ARE TAKING PLACE, ACTS OF VIOLENCE, OF DISRESPECT TOWARD PEOPLE, TOWARD MINORITIES, MUSLIMS, CHILDREN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND HISPANIC CHILDREN? AS YOU KNOW, THERE'S BEEN A RISE IN THESE INCIDENTS SINCE THE ELECTION. COULDN'T MR. TRUMP SAY SOMETHING TO TRY TO PERSUADE THE INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS TO STOP?

>> HE HAS AND I ASSURE YOU HE FEELS THAT WAY IN AN ONGOING FASHION. SO YOU CAN ASSURE YOURSELF THAT HE IS DENOUNCING IT ON A DAILY BASIS, ON A CONSTANT BASIS. HE ALSO TOLD CBS AND "60 MINUTES," HE TOLD THEM TO CUT IT OUT WHEN HE WAS ASKED A SIMILAR QUESTION ABOUT TEN DAYS AGO. SO EVERYBODY SHOULD KNOW WHERE HE STANDS ON THIS. THE OTHER THING IS, YOU KNOW, I HOPE THERE'S A LIEUTENANT OF COVERAGE OF THE PROTESTERS AGAINST HIM. WE WERE 20,000 STRONG OUTSIDE OUR DOOR HERE IN TRUMP TOWER TEN OR ELEVEN DAYS AGO, JUDY, AND IT WAS NOT A COMFORTABLE SITUATION. YOU HAVE PEOPLE WISHING HIM HARM, THREATS AGAINST HIM AND HIS FAMILY AND THOSE AROUND HIM ON THE RISE. WE JUST DON'T TALK ABOUT IT. SO I THINK EVERYBODY OUGHT TO TAE THE TEMPERATURE DOWN A FEW NOTCHES AND, FRANKLY, TAKE THE EXAMPLE OF DONALD TRUMP AND BARACK OBAMA AND JOE BIDEN AND MIKE PENCE AND SO MANY OTHERS WHO ARE SAYING LET THIS GUY FORM HIS GOVERNMENT, GIVE HIM A CHANCE, BECAUSE #HE IS YOUR PRESIDENT.

>> Woodruff: AND TO THE CHILDREN OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS WE SEE IN THIS COUNTRY WHO WE SEE ARE REPORTED IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS ARE LIVING IN FEAR THEIR PARENTS WILL BE DEPORTED AND FAMILIES WILL BE TORN APART, WHAT IS MR. TRUMP'S MESSAGE TO THESE CHILDREN? LET ME JUST ASK THIS, WILL HE UNDO PRESIDENT OBAMA'S EXECUTIVE ORDER ON THE CHILDREN OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS?

>> I THINK THERE ARE A FEW ISSUES WHERE PRESIDENT-ELECT DONALD TRUMP COULD HAVE BEEN MORE CLEAR THAN HE WAS ON IMMIGRATION THE WHOLE TIME DURING HIS CANDIDACY. HE PUT OUT A TEN-POINT PLAN THAT ADDRESSED ALL. THIS HE WANTS PEOPLE TO BE HERE LEGALLY. HE WANTS TO RESPECT THE FACT THAT FOLKS ARE STANDING IN LINE AND IT TAKES THEM MANY, MANY YEARS AND DIFFERENT PROCESSES AND, IN MANY INSTANCES, JUDY, A WHOLE BUNCH OF MONEY FOR PEOPLE THAT ARE GIVING UP SUCH A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF THEIR DISPOSABLE INCOME TO TRY TO BECOME AMERICAN CITIZENS. THE PROCESS MUST BE RESPECTED, THE RULE OF LAW MUST BE HONORED, AND HE TELLS THEM ALL THE TIME, YOU KNOW, IF YOU ARE A GOOD PERSON, IF YOU ARE HERE AND YOU WOULD LIKE TO STAY HERE AND YOU WOULD LIKE TO COME BACK HERE, THEY'RE NOT WHO HE'S TALKING ABOUT WHEN HE SAYS WE'RE FIRST GOING TO GET RID OF THE 2 MILLION OR SO, PEOPLE DON'T KNOW THE EXACT NUMBER, OF CRIMINALS WHO DON'T BELONG HERE AND THEY WILL BE OUT IMMEDIATELY. THEN HE WILL SECURE THE BORDER, WILL BUILD THE WALL, SAID MEXICO WILL PAY FOR IT, AND THEN HE'S GOING TO TAKE A LOOK AT WHO'S HERE AND DECIDE, HE'S MADE IT CLEAR, WITH HIS EXPERTS WHAT SHOULD HAPPEN. BUT, YOU KNOW, FOR THOSE SAYING THEY LIVE IN FEAR, AGAIN, I THINK THEY SHOULD BE PART OF THE CONVERSATION. THEY SHOULD REACH OUT AND TRY TO NOT BE SO PROMPTIVELY ACCUSE -- PRESUMPTIVELY ACCUSATORY AND NEGATIVE TOWARD THE PRESIDENT-ELECT AND TRY TO BUILD THE RELATIONSHIP AND TRY TO EXPLAIN THEIR CASE TO HIM AND HIS ADVISORS THAT HE'S OPEN TO HEARING. BUT HE'S MADE VERY CLEAR HE WANTS THE RULE OF LAW HONORED. THESE SANCTUARY CITIES HAVE TO STOP. THEY LEAD TO THE MURDERS OF ALL THE INNOCENT KIDS. WHAT ABOUT THOSE HOLMES AND DADS AND THEIR CHILDREN? KATE STEINER, ALL THOSE WHO WE WANT AROUND, ANGELA, JULIE, THESE WOMEN ARE SUFFERING BECAUSE OF THE LEFTIST POLICIES OF SANCTUARY CITIES HARBORING ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS WHO COMMITTED CRIMES AND SHOULD NOT BE HERE.

>> Woodruff: KELLYANNE CONWAY, SENIOR ADVISOR TO PRESIDENT-ELECT DONALD TRUMP, WE THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU, JUDY. ALL THE BEST.

>> Woodruff: WE TURN NOW TO THE DEMOCRATS AND THEIR PATH AHEAD. CONGRESSMAN TIM RYAN OF OHIO IS MAKING A BID TO BE THE MINORITY LEADER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, CHALLENGING TO CURRENT MINORITY LEADER, NANCY PELOSI. HE JOINS US FROM YOUNGSTOWN. CONGRESSMAN, THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US. WE DID JUST SPEAK WITH KELLYANNE CONWAY ADVISING THE PRESIDENT-ELECT AND IT DOES SOUND AS IF HE MAY BE MORE AMENABLE TO WORKING WITH DEMOCRATS, WORKING WITH MODERATES IN HIS OWN PARTY THAN WE THOUGHT DURING THE ELECTION. HOW MUCH DO YOU THINK YOU AND OTHER DEMOCRATS ARE PREPARED TO WORK WITH HIM?

>> WELL, WE HAVE TO SEE. YOU KNOW, I HAVE BEEN AROUND LONG ENOUGH NOW, JUDY, TO KNOW THE CIVIL IS IN THE DETAILS AND WE WANT TO SEE ACTUAL PROPOSALS AND SOMETIMES THE RHETORIC WHETHER IT HARDENS OR SOFTENS THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF A POST ELECTION A FEW WEEKS IS ALWAYS REVEALED BY THE DETAILS OF THE PROPOSAL. SO WE'RE RESPECTFUL OF WHAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAVE DONE, ALTHOUGH WE MAY NOT LIKE IT, AND WE HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO SIT DOWN AND AT LEAST LISTEN.

>> Woodruff: IN BRIEF, HOW WOULD YOUR AGENDA FROM THE DEMOCRATS DIFFER FROM THAT OF LEADER PELOSI'S?

>> WELL, I THINK IT'S AN IDEA OF EMPHASIS, REALLY. WE HAVE NOT FOCUSED ON THE ECONOMIC ISSUES THAT ARE SO IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE IN WORKING CLASS PLACES LIKE YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. YOU LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENED ON ELECTION NIGHT. OUR ECONOMIC MESSAGE CLEARLY ISN'T PENETRATING. I THINK WE NEED TO BE FOCUSED ON FOLKS WHO LIVE IN AREAS LIKE MINE WHERE THE MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME IS $57,000 A YEAR WHICH MEANS THE HUSBAND AND WIFE ARE WORKING EACH MAKING UNDER 30-GRAND AND THEY DON'T SEE THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AS A HOME FOR THEM, LEFT US IN DROVES TUESDAY NIGHT AND WE'RE LEFT TO CLEAN UP THE MESS AND THE ISSUE IS HOW DO WE CONNECT WITH THE VOTERS.

>> Woodruff: ARE YOU SAYING THE DEMOCRATS MESSAGE HAS BEEN WRONG OR THEY ONLY HAD THE WRONG MESSENGERS IN HILLARY CLINTON AND NANCY PELOSI, AMONG OTHERS?

>> WELL, OUR PARTY HAS BECOME A COASTAL PARTY AND THAT WAS REVEALED AGAIN ON TUESDAY, WHERE THE MIDDLE OF THE COUNTRY IS RED AND WE HAVE PLU -- BLUE ON THE COASTS, AND THAT IS NO WAY TO SUSTAIN A NATIONAL PARTY. I THINK IT HAS BEEN THE MESSENGERS, I THINK IT HAS BEEN THE MESSAGE, THE PEOPLE IN MIDDLE AMERICA THINK THAT THE DEMOCRATS ARE TOO CLOSE TO THE DONOR CLASS AND THAT THEY CARE MORE ABOUT THE DONOR CLASS THAN THE WORKING CLASS, AND WE HAVE TO CHANGE THAT OR WE'RE NEVER GOING TO GET BACK INTO THE MAJORITY, JUDY.

>> Woodruff: WE KNOW EXPERTS WHO LOOK AT THE THE LOSS OF BLUE COLLAR PARTICULARRING JOBS IN THIS COUNTRY OVER THE PAST DECADE OR MORE SAY, YES, SOME OF THESE JOBS CAN COME BACK BUT MANY WILL NOT COME BACK BECAUSE OF AUTO MEDICATION, ROBOTICS, BECAUSE OF GLOBALIZATION. IS THERE A DANGER IN MISLEADING VOTERS ABOUT THAT?

>> I DON'T THINK IT'S MISLEADING THEM AT ALL. I THINK IT'S BEING THERE WITH THEM, UNDERSTANDING THEIR ISSUES. THE LOW-END MANUFACTURING IS NOT COMING BACK AND I THINK WE'RE LYING TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE IF WE SAY THEY ARE COMING BACK, BUT THERE IS A HUGE OPPORTUNITY IN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING WITH REGARD TO AEROSPACE OR WIND TURBINES WHERE THE AVERAGE WIND TURBINE HAS ABOUT 8,000 COMPONENT PARTS, GEAR SHIFTS, HYDRAULICS, BOLTS, ALUMINUM, THOSE ARE THINGS WE CAN MAKE IN COMMUNITIES LIKE MINE AND OTHER COMMUNITIES LIKE THE GREAT LAKE STATES. SO FOCUS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY IS ABOUT A RESUS STATION OF OUR MANUFACTURING BASE, ALL THE WHILE TRYING TO CREATE THOSE NEW HIGH-TECH JOBS IN THE MAKER MOVEMENT, IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WHICH IS PROJECTED TO GROW AT 25% A YEAR FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS, BUT GETTING OUR WORKFORCE IN FRONT OF THESE AREAS OF THE ECONOMY THAT ARE GOING TO GROW BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, RECOGNIZING, JUDY, THAT THERE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE IN COMMUNITIES THAT DON'T WANT TO GET RETRAINED TO RUN A COMPUTER, THEY WANT TO RUN A BLACK HOE AND SLING CEMENT BLOCKS. SO BY REBUILDING A COMPANY THROUGH A STRONG INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM, WE COULD PUT THOSE PEOPLE BACK TO WORK, TOO.

>> Woodruff: YOU TALKED ABOUT THE DEMOCRATS BECOMING A PARTY OF THE COAST, THAT THE REST OF THE COUNTRY HAS BEEN OVERLOOKED. IT'S ALSO BEEN SAID BY DEMOCRATS THEMSELVES THE PARTY HAS BEEN TOO MUCH INTO WHAT THEY CALL IDENTITY POLITICS, PAYING ATTENTION TO PARTICULAR GROUPS -- AFRICAN-AMERICANS, HISPANICS, THE LGBT COMMUNITY, CERTAIN GROUPS OF WOMEN, AND SO ON. DO YOU THINK THAT'S A PROBLEM FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY? IF YOU DO, WHAT DO YOU DO ABOUT IT?

>> I DON'T THINK THEY'RE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE. I THINK WE HAVE A ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY ESPECIALLY AFTER THE KIND OF CAMPAIGN WE JUST CAME THROUGH TO MAKE SURE WE ARE GOING TO VIGOROUSLY FIGHT FOR EQUALITY FOR ALL AMERICANS AND THOSE ISSUES ARE VERY, VERY IMPORTANT TO US. BUT THE HEART OF OUR PARTY HAS TO BE A MESSAGE THAT UNITS THE ENTIRE PARTY AND UNITS INDEPENDENTS AND REPUBLICANS MAYBE TO COME OUR WAY AND THAT MESSAGE IS A STRONG, ROBUST ECONOMIC MESSAGE. YOU LOOK AT TRUMP AND WHY HE WON, HE HAD ALL THESE ISSUES MAYBE A LOT OF PEOPLE DIDN'T WANT TO TALK ABOUT OR DIDN'T MAYBE AGREE WITH HIM ON, BUT HIS ECONOMIC MESSAGE WAS SO ROBUST THAT IT WON THE DAY BIG TIME. SO WE BETTER GET BACK TO A ROBUST ECONOMIC MESSAGE ABOUT THE FUTURE, WHAT'S THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE, WHAT'S THE FUTURE OF WORK, WHERE DO WE HAVE TO MAKE INVESTMENTS, WHERE ARE THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, THE BUSINESS INCUBATORS, WHERE'S THE RESEARCH, THOSE ARE DEMOCRATIC ISSUES, WE KNOW HOW TO DO THIS MUCH BETTER THAN THE REPUBLICANS, BUT WE HAVE TO FOCUS ON IT AND LET EVERYONE KNOW WHETHER YOU'RE A MILLENNIAL OR MIDDLE CLASS PERSON IN PLACES LIKE YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, THAT YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY IN A DEMOCRATIC ECONOMY.

>> Woodruff: CONGRESSMAN TIM RYAN RUNNING FOR MINORITY LEADER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WE THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: AS THE WARS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA CONTINUE, EUROPE IS ON A HIGH STATE OF ALERT, ON GUARD AGAINST FLEEING FOREIGN FIGHTERS ATTEMPTING TO SLIP BACK INTO THEIR HOME OR ADOPTIVE COUNTRIES. WITH BRITAIN'S STATE OF ALERT "SEVERE," THE MOTHER OF ONE YOUNG BRITISH FIGHTER, KILLED IN SYRIA, HAS LAUNCHED A DE- RADICALIZATION PROJECT AS PART OF HER PERSONAL WAR AGAINST THE ISLAMIC STATE. MALCOLM BRABANT REPORTS FROM BIRMINGHAM.

>> Reporter: NICOLA BENYAHIA LEAFS THROUGH A BOX OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES.

>> LOOK AT HIS LITTLE PICTURE, THERE.

>> Reporter: THEY WERE LEFT BY HER 19-YEAR-OLD SON RACHEED WHEN HE SLIPPED AWAY TO SYRIA TO JOIN ISLAMIC STATE. IT INCLUDED A LETTER FORETELLING HIS DEATH.

>> "DEATH CAN STRIKE AT ANY TIME. GIVE ALL MY MONEY TO MAMA. MY BANK CARD IS IN THE CASE OF MY PHONE. REMEMBER ME IN YOUR PRAYERS, AND REMEMBER THAT DEATH WILL TAKE EVERYONE. NOW IS THE TIME TO TURN TO GOD. I LOVE YOU ALL FOR THE SAKE OF GOD. REMEMBER TO TREAT MAMA AND PAPA WITH RESPECT AND HONOR. RACHEED."

>> Reporter: ALMOST EXACTLY A YEAR AGO, RACHEED BENYAHIA'S FATHER RECEIVED A CALL TO SAY HIS SON HAD BEEN KILLED IN A DRONE STRIKE ON THE SYRIAN IRAQI BORDER. IN THE RUN-UP TO HIS DEATH, THE TEENAGER HAD BEEN CLINGY IN INTERNET CONVERSATIONS WITH HIS MOTHER, WHICH SHE HAS PRESERVED IN A SMALL BOOK. BOTH SENSED THE END WAS NEAR.

>> I WAS WAITING FOR THAT CALL, TO SAY HE WAS DEAD. AND PART OF ME WANTED THAT CALL, ALMOST, TO END THE NIGHTMARE. TO END IT. IT WAS-- AND I USED TO CATCH MYSELF THINKING, "HOW CAN YOU, AS A MOTHER, WANT THAT CALL?" BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, I WANTED THE NIGHTMARE TO END.

>> Reporter: FOR HIM OR FOR YOU?

>> FOR HIM AND ME. I FELT I WAS CAUGHT IN A NIGHTMARE I HAD NO CHOOSING OF. I FELT HE WAS CAUGHT IN A SITUATION HE HAD ABSOLUTELY NO POWER OVER. HE COULDN'T GET OUT. HE DIDN'T HAVE HIS PASSPORT. THEY'D TAKEN IT FROM HIM. SO I KNEW THAT EVEN IF HE CHANGED HIS MIND, HE WAS STUCK.

>> Reporter: RACHEED WAS BROUGHT UP IN A LIBERAL HOUSEHOLD, BY HIS ALGERIAN FATHER AND MOTHER NICOLA, A BRITISH CONVERT TO ISLAM.

>> AGGRESSION AND RACHEED ARE JUST TWO WORDS THAT DON'T GO TOGETHER. VIOLENCE WAS NOT SOMETHING THAT WAS IN HIM. I DON'T THINK I EVER SAW HIM, AS A CHILD, LASH OUT. THAT'S WHY IT'S MORE SHOCKING THAT I FOUND OUT HE'D GONE TO JOIN ISIS, KNOWING THE KIND OF ATROCITIES THEY'D CARRIED OUT.

>> Reporter: MRS. BENYAHIA BELIEVES HER SON WAS RADICALIZED AT BIRMINGHAM'S GREEN LANE MOSQUE. THE POLICE DIDN'T WISH TO DISCUSS GREEN LANE'S INVOLVEMENT, AND THE MOSQUE DIDN'T RESPOND TO A REQUEST FOR AN INTERVIEW.

>> HE BEGAN GOING TO A NEW MOSQUE THAT HAD SOME KIND OF QUITE ORTHODOX, AND I WOULD SAY, SOME KIND OF EXTREME THINKING OF ISLAM. THAT'S WHEN I COULD SEE THE CHANGE WITHIN RACHEED.

>> WE'RE HERE IN THE 17th DIVISION MILITARY BASE JUST OUTSIDE THE CITY OF AL RAQQA, AND WE'RE HERE WITH THE SOLDIERS OF BASHAR. YOU CAN SEE THEM NOW, DIGGING THEIR OWN GRAVES IN THE VERY PLACE WHERE THEY WERE STATIONED.

>> Reporter: DURING HIS TIME WITH ISLAMIC STATE, THE FAMILY ASKED WHETHER HE HAD PARTICIPATED IN ATROCITIES, BUT HE ONLY SAID HE'D BEEN A WITNESS.

>> IT WAS A PUBLIC BEHEADING THAT HAD TAKEN PLACE, AND BASICALLY THEY WERE FORCED TO WATCH IT. BECAUSE THEY'RE MADE TO WATCH THESE THINGS, ONE, TO DESENSITIZE THEM, AND SECONDLY, AS A WARNING THAT IF THEY'RE THINKING ABOUT POSSIBLY LEAVING OR CHANGING THEIR MINDS, THIS IS WHAT COULD HAPPEN TO THEM AS WELL.

>> Reporter: AS ISLAMIC STATE'S STRONGHOLDS OF MOSUL IN IRAQ AND RAQQA IN SYRIA COME UNDER INCREASED MILITARY PRESSURE, THERE ARE CONCERNS THAT JIHADIS WHO DON'T WISH TO FIGHT TO THE DEATH WILL TRY TO SLIP AWAY AND RETURN HOME TO PLACES LIKE BIRMINGHAM. ALONG WITH MOST OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, BRITAIN IS HAVING TO LIVE WITH THE EVER-PRESENT THREAT OF TERRORISM. ACCORDING TO THE COUNTRY'S NEW ANTI-TERRORISM COORDINATOR, THE AUTHORITIES HAVE MANAGED TO THWART TEN POTENTIAL ATTACKS IN THE PAST TWO YEARS. AT ANY GIVEN TIME, THERE ARE SUPPOSED TO BE ABOUT 500 LIVE INVESTIGATIONS UNDERWAY. THE AUTHORITIES SAY THERE ARE ABOUT 850 BRITONS WHO ARE A SECURITY CONCERN, WHO'VE GONE TO FIGHT IN SYRIA. ABOUT HALF OF THOSE HAVE RETURNED TO THE COUNTRY. AND ABOUT ONE IN THREE OF THOSE ARE LIVING IN THE BIRMINGHAM AREA. BRITAIN'S CURRENT SECURITY LEVEL IS "SEVERE," WHICH MEANS AN ATTACK IS LIKELY.

>> WHAT'S HAPPENED IN EUROPE COULD PLAY OUT ANYWHERE IN THE U.K. IT'S A REAL THREAT THAT WE ALL FACE. WE'RE ALIVE TO THAT.

>> Reporter: SUE SOUTHERN HEADS THE ANTI-TERRORIST UNIT IN THE BIRMINGHAM REGION. SHE'S PREPARED FOR RETURNING JIHADIS.

>> WE ARE READY, AND IN SOME CASES WE ALREADY HAVE EVIDENCE WAITING. AND WE WILL DEAL WITH PEOPLE PROPORTIONATELY, BUT THEY WILL BE ARRESTED. WE WILL INVESTIGATE THAT. AND WE WILL TREAT EACH CASE OF ITS OWN MERITS.

>> Reporter: BIRMINGHAM IS ONE OF BRITAIN'S MOST DIVERSE CITIES, AND MODERATE MUSLIMS USE THE MAIN STREET TO TRY TO COUNTER MISUNDERSTANDING AND EXTREMISM. HAMZA ALI KHAN OPPOSES THOSE WHO GO TO FIGHT IN SYRIA OR IRAQ.

>> GOD WILL NOT ASK YOU TO GO TO A COUNTRY TO COMMIT ATROCITIES. WHEN THEY GO TO SUCH COUNTRIES AS SYRIA, THEY GO WITH THE INTENTION OF CAUSING BAD, THEY GO WITH THE INTENTION OF KILLING INNOCENT PEOPLE. GOD SAYS IN THE KORAN, IN OUR KORAN, IN OUR HOLY BOOK THAT IF YOU WERE TO KILL SOMEONE, IT IS AS IF YOU'VE KILLED THE ENTIRE WORLD, AND IF YOU WERE TO SAVE SOMEONE, IT'S AS IF YOU'VE SAVED THE ENTIRE WORLD.

>> Reporter: AMID THE STREET MUSICIANS AND SHOPPERS, THERE IS AN AIR OF VIGILANCE, AND TOBY EPHRAM FROM SOUTHERN SUDAN IS DOING HIS BIT BY TRYING TO COUNTER THE PROPAGANDA OF ISLAMIC STATE.

>> THE FACT I CAN TELL THE WORLD TODAY IS THAT THERE IS NO VERSE IN THE KORAN THAT SOMEONE WILL DIE BY DESTROYING HIMSELF, DESTROYING THE INNOCENT PEOPLE AND THEN TO THINK THAT GOD IS GOING TO GIVE HIM A RED CARPET BY HAVING 75 VIRGINS-- THAT IS A WRONG CONCEPT.

>> Reporter: BUT DR. IMRAN AWAN, A CRIMINOLOGIST AT BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY, DOUBTS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THEOLOGY ALONE.

>> PRIMARILY, I DON'T THINK MOSQUES ARE IN TOUCH WITH A LOT OF THE YOUNGER PEOPLE. AND WHAT I THINK NEEDS TO HAPPEN, IN A SENSE, IS TO GET THEM ON TO A DIGITAL PLATFORM. SO I CALL IT A DIGITAL REVOLUTION, WHERE MOSQUES AND IMAMS ARE ONLINE, ON THE INTERNET, AND I THINK THEY NEED TO FLOOD THE INTERNET WITH COUNTER-MESSAGING AND COUNTER THE ISIS PROPAGANDA. I THINK THAT'S A HUGE ROLE.

>> Reporter: BUT A STRING OF ANTI-I.S. VIDEOS ARE STARTING TO APPEAR. QRDR. AWAN HAS SUGGESTED THAT REPENTANT JIHADIS RETURNING TO BRITAIN COULD BE TURNED BY THE AUTHORITIES TO HELP DE-RADICALIZATION PROGRAMS. IS THAT SOMETHING YOU WOULD CONSIDER?

>> I DON'T DISPUTE THERE IS ABSOLUTE VALUE IN USING THE EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS TO DETER OTHERS. BUT WHAT WE HAVE TO BE CLEAR ABOUT IS THAT, IF AN INDIVIDUAL HAS TRAVELED AND HAS GATHERED THE TYPE OF TRAINING AND CAPABILITY AND COMES BACK WITH THE I.S. NARRATIVE, WHICH IS ANTI-WEST, AND ATTACK THOSE IN THE WEST, WE HAVE A DUTY TO PROTECT THE CITIZENS OF THE U.K. BOTH HERE AND OVERSEAS.

>> Reporter: AFTER KEEPING A LOW PROFILE SINCE HER SON'S DEATH, NICOLA BENYAHIA, IN THE HEADSCARF, HAS JOINED OTHER MOTHERS, PRESENT AT THIS CONFERENCE IN PARIS, IN PUBLICLY FIGHTING AGAINST ISLAMIC STATE. SHE BELIEVES THAT AS A MUSLIM, SHE MIGHT PERHAPS SUCCEED, WHERE THE POLICE AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS MIGHT NOT BE TRUSTED BY FAMILIES OF CHILDREN ON THE VERGE OF RADICALIZATION.

>> MAYBE THAT ANGER, I'M USING IT AS A STRENGTH. TO HIT BACK AT THEM, AND SAY, "NO, YOU ARE NOT TAKING ANY MORE OF OUR CHILDREN." I DON'T THINK A MOTHER CAN HATE THEM AS MUCH WHEN THEY'VE TAKEN THE ONE THING, A CHILD, FROM YOU. AND I WILL DO EVERYTHING IN MY POWER, AS A MOTHER, AS A PROFESSIONAL, WHATEVER I CAN, TO FIGHT AGAINST THEM, TO GIVE OUR YOUNG PEOPLE A DIFFERENT NARRATIVE.

>> Reporter: NICOLA BENYAHIA WORRIES SHE MIGHT BE REJECTED BY THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY FOR RAISING A TABOO ISSUE THAT IS OFTEN ONLY DISCUSSED BEHIND CLOSED DOORS, BUT SHE WANTS TO SAVE OTHER FAMILIES FROM SIMILAR PAIN, SO THAT SOME GOOD CAN COME FROM HER SON'S DEATH. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M MALCOLM BRABANT IN BIRMINGHAM.

>> Woodruff: NOW, THE POWER OF THE GREAT OUTDOORS. KAVITHA CARDOZA, FROM OUR PARTNERS AT EDUCATION WEEK, LOOKS AT A PROGRAM TO EXPOSE STUDENTS TO OUR NATIONAL PARKS. IT'S PART OF OUR WEEKLY SERIES, "MAKING THE GRADE."

>> NICE BIG CIRCLE, COME ON IN!

>> Reporter: FOURTH GRADERS FROM PENNYCOOK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WILL SOON SEE SOMETHING THEY'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE.

>> WELCOME TO THE REDWOOD FOREST, EVERYONE!

>> Reporter: EVEN THOUGH THEY LIVE IN OAKLAND, JUST 45 MINUTES AWAY, MOST HAVE NEVER BEEN TO A NATIONAL PARK. YOU MIGHT CALL IT A SENSORY EXPERIENCE.

>> AARON, CAN YOU TELL ME ANOTHER WAY TO OBSERVE NATURE?

>> WITH OUR NOSE?

>> WITH OUR NOSES!

>> Reporter: RANGER ARACELY MONTERO LEADS THE TOUR. THE CHILDREN APPROACH THE FIRST STAND OF REDWOODS.

>> WE ARE NOW INSIDE OF THE MAGICAL FOREST OF MUIR WOODS.

>> OH, MY GOD!

>> I WANT EVERYONE TO TAKE A GOOD LOOK UP.

>> WOW!

>> OOH!

>> LOOK!

>> WHOA!

>> IT'S SO TALL.

>> WE'RE NOW STANDING UNDER THE TALLEST LIVING THING IN THE WORLD!

>> Reporter: IN THIS CLASSROOM, STUDENTS USE ALL THEIR SENSES.

>> THIS ONE FEELS THICK.

>> IT DOES FEEL THICK, DOESN'T IT?

>> LOOK HERE! THERE'S A CLUSTER OF LADYBUGS!

>> IT'S LIKE A WHOLE COUNTRY OF THEM.

>> Reporter: TEACHER DARLENE WONG SAYS THAT PLACE-BASED LEARNING-- HAVING CHILDREN LEARN BY EXPERIENCING SUBJECTS, RATHER THAN SIMPLY READING ABOUT THEM-- TEACHES SKILLS LIKE CRITICAL THINKING.

>> SHOW ME YOUR EVIDENCE. WHAT EVIDENCE DO YOU HAVE TO PROVE WHAT YOU'RE SAYING OR WHAT YOU'RE WRITING HERE?

>> WHOA, IT'S SO BIG!

>> Reporter: THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE'S EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS SERVE APPROXIMATELY SEVEN MILLION CHILDREN EVERY YEAR. RANGERS CONDUCT TEACHER WORKSHOPS, GO ON CLASSROOM VISITS, AND PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANTLY, CREATE CURRICULUM FOR THESE TRIPS BASED ON STATE STANDARDS. THIS CLASS IS LEARNING ABOUT CALIFORNIA HABITATS.

>> OOH, LOOK WHAT I FOUND. LOOK AT THAT!

>> Reporter: WITHOUT THESE PROGRAMS, WONG SAYS SHE COULDN'T HAVE BROUGHT HER CLASS TO THE FOREST.

>> NOW, LOOK AT THIS.

>> IN TERMS OF TESTING AND WHAT WE HAVE TO COVER IN TERMS OF CURRICULUM AND TIME, IT WOULD BE REALLY HARD TO JUSTIFY IT.

>> MY 4th GRADE TEACHER

>> Reporter: JULIA WASHBURN WENT FROM JUNIOR RANGER--

>> IT STILL FITS!

>> Reporter: --TO PARK RANGER. NOW, SHE OVERSEES ALL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.

>> IT'S ONE THING TO READ ABOUT A WETLAND, FOR EXAMPLE, IN A TEXTBOOK, AND IT'S A VERY DIFFERENT THING TO BE STANDING UP TO YOUR THIGHS IN MUD IN A SWAMP OR IN A WETLAND SUCH AS THE EVERGLADES. IT REALLY MAKES THE LEARNING TANGIBLE AND VERY RELEVANT, SO STUDENTS CAN UNDERSTAND WHY THEY'RE LEARNING SOMETHING, NOT JUST WHAT THEY'RE LEARNING.

>> LOOK RIGHT THERE! RIGHT THERE!

>> Reporter: THE SOURCE OF THE EXCITEMENT? LONG-LEGGED BUGS CALLED "WATER STRIDERS."

>> THERE ARE TONS OF THEM!

>> Reporter: WHAT'S NOT EASILY SEEN ARE THE CHALLENGES FACING THE PARK SERVICE. BUDGETS ARE DOWN, THERE'S 10% FEWER STAFF THAN FIVE YEARS AGO, AND THE NEXT GENERATION OF PARK VISITORS IS UNCERTAIN. USING NATIONAL PARKS AS CLASSROOMS ISN'T JUST ABOUT LEARNING. IT'S ALSO ABOUT GROWING THE NEXT GENERATION OF PARK VISITORS.

>> IF WE DON'T ENGAGE CHILDREN OF COLOR WITH OUR PARKS, THEN 100 YEARS FROM NOW, WE ARE VERY CONCERNED THAT THERE WILL NOT BE THE 200th ANNIVERSARY OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.

>> Reporter: GRACE LEE HEADS THE NATIONAL PARK TRUST. THEY RAISE MONEY FOR 20,000 KIDS TO VISIT PARKS EVERY YEAR.

>> THEY'VE BEEN STUDIES THAT HAVE SHOWN, OF THE 300 MILLION PEOPLE THAT HAVE GONE TO NATIONAL PARKS IN THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS, EACH YEAR, THAT A VERY SMALL PERCENTAGE ARE YOUNG PEOPLE, AND AN EVEN SMALLER PERCENTAGE OF THEM ARE CHILDREN OF COLOR.

>> SEE THE U.S.A. IN YOUR CHEVROLET!

>> Reporter: 50 YEARS AGO, THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PARTNERED WITH A.A.A. AND CHEVROLET TO REACH RETURNING WORLD WAR II VETERANS AND THEIR FAMILIES, CREATING THE GENERATION OF PARK USERS WE SEE IN PARKS TODAY. AGING BABY BOOMERS REMAIN THE LARGEST PERCENTAGE OF PARK VISITORS OVERALL.

>> WHAT WE'RE FEELING NOW IS THERE'S A NEW GENERATION THAT IS MORE URBAN, MORE DIVERSE, MAYBE FIRST GENERATION IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES. MAYBE THEY CAME FROM A COUNTRY THAT DID NOT HAVE PUBLIC LANDS OR PARKS, OR A TRADITION OF THAT. AND SO, WE ARE REACHING THE KIDS AND THEY'RE BRINGING THEIR PARENTS TO THE PARKS!

>> Reporter: JON JARVIS, THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, SAYS AMERICA'S PARKS MUST TELL AMERICA'S EVOLVING STORY.

>> FILLING IN THE GAPS, AS I WOULD SAY, IN THE AMERICAN NARRATIVE. WE'VE ADDED SITES FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LIKE HARRIET TUBMAN OR COLONEL CHARLES YOUNG. WE'VE ADDED STONEWALL, WHICH TELLS THE STORY OF THE L.G.B.T. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AS WELL. WE NEED TO BE TELLING THAT STORY SO THAT ALL AMERICANS FEEL PART OF THE PATRIOTIC AND SYMBOLIC VALUES THAT THIS NATION EMBODIES.

>> Reporter: AND JARVIS SAYS THEY'VE ALSO EMBRACED TECHNOLOGY-- WEBCAMS, ONLINE CHATS, EVEN VIDEO GAMES. NATIONAL PARK SITES ARE ACTUALLY "POKÉMON GO" SITES?

>> THEY ARE, THEY ARE! THE "POKÉMON GO" COMMUNITY HAS SPREAD THESE LITTLE MONSTERS ALL OVER THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, AND WE'RE EMBRACING THAT BECAUSE IT'S GETTING PEOPLE OUTSIDE AND USING TECHNOLOGY IN A WAY THAT CONNECTS THEM TO THESE PLACES.

>> WHOAAAAA!

>> Reporter: HERE IN THE REDWOOD FOREST, THESE TEN-YEAR-OLDS HAVE FOUND SOMETHING BETTER THAN "POKÉMON GO" CHARACTERS.

>> TURKEYS!

>> GOBBLE, GOBBLE!

>> Reporter: THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT WHEN KIDS ARE EXPOSED TO THE PLACE, THEY LEARN, THEY RETAIN, THEY BECOME MORE INTERESTED AND MORE EXCITED ABOUT LEARNING.

>> WHOA-HO-HO!

>> HOW DO YOU FEEL RIGHT NOW?

>> BEING IN THE REDWOOD FOREST MAKES ME FEEL HAPPY.

>> BEING IN THE REDWOOD FOREST MAKES ME WANT TO MEDITATE.

>> BEING IN THE REDWOOD FOREST MAKES ME FEEL SHORT.

>> Reporter: THE SOON-TO-BE FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE PARK SERVICE HOPES THAT USING PARKS AS CLASSROOMS IS JUST THE BEGINNING.

>> WHAT I WANTED TO DO WAS TO SAY THAT THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IS A CONTRIBUTOR TO AMERICAN EDUCATION, BOTH FOR STUDENTS, BUT FOR LIFE-LONG LEARNING AS WELL.

>> Reporter: FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR AND EDUCATION WEEK, I'M KAVITHA CARDOZA, REPORTING FROM THE GOLDEN GATE NATIONAL RECREATION AREA IN CALIFORNIA.

>> Woodruff: NOW, WE GO TO JEFFREY BROWN WITH A PREVIEW OF A PBS MINISERIES, "BLACK AMERICA SINCE M.L.K." AND TO JEFFREY BROWN.

>> Brown: THE SERIES SUBTITLE IS AND STILL I RISE AND AS THAT SUGGESTS, IT FOCUSES ON THE PROGRESS AND CONTINUING STRUGGLES OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS SINCE THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. IT'S BOTH CULTURE HISTORY AND A PERSONAL JOURNEY TAUGHT BY PROFESSOR HENRY LEWIS GATES. WELCOME BACK.

>> NICE TO BE BACK ON THE PROGRAM.

>> Brown: IN THE INTRODUCTION YOU SAY, AS A YOUNG MAN, I WAS CONVINCED THE CHANGE WAS RIGHT AROUND THE CORNER. WELL, IT WAS AND IT WASN'T.

>> IT WAS AND IT WASN'T. I WAS 15 IN 1965, WHICH IS WHERE THE SERIES STARTS. IN THE SERIES, MARTIN LUTHER KING CAME BACK AND SAID, WHAT'S HAPPENED SINCE I HAVE BEEN GONE, WHAT WOULD YOU TELL HIM? WHAT'S HAPPENED TO THE BLACK COMMUNITY? YOU WOULD SAY, WELL, DR. KING, THE WHITE MIDDLE CLASS SINCE 1970 DUCKED, THE BLACK UPPER MIDDLE CLASS BECAUSE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION QUADRUPLED, AND DR. KING WOULD HAVE SAID, MY GOD, WE MUST HAVE SOLVED THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY! BECAUSE REMEMBER, AT THE TIME WHEN DR. KING PASSED, PEOPLE THOUGHT POVERTY WAS A VIRUS WHICH COULD BE CURED WITH ANTIBIOTICS. THEY REALLY THOUGHT POVERTY COULD BE WIPED OUT, THAT IT WAS AN ACT OF WILL. SO YOU WOULD SAY, WELL, DR. KING , WE HAVEN'T WIPED OUT POVERTY BECAUSE THE CHILD POVERTY RATE IN 1970 WAS 41%. HE SAYS, WHAT IS IT NOW? 39%. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? FOR THE BLACK COMMUNITY, IT'S BEST OF TIMES, IT'S WORST OF TIMES.

>> Brown: LET'S LOOK AT A CLIP FROM TONIGHT'S EPISODE WHICH LOOKS AT THE SIMULTANEOUS EXPLOSION OF BLACK CELEBRITY AND MIDDLE CLASS.

>> OPRAH EMBODIED A NEW ERA, AN ERA OF BLACK CROSSOVER SUPERSTARS. ♪ ♪ FROM MICHAEL JACKSON TO BILL COSBY, MICHAEL JORDAN TO WHITNEY HOUSTON, AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE WINNING FAME AND FORTUNE IN WAYS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN UNIMAGINABLE EVEN A DECADE BEFORE.

>> LISTEN TO ME! AND THEIR SUCCESS ENCOURAGED AMERICA TO THINK DIFFERENTLY ABOUT RACE. ♪ ♪

>> WHAT HAPPENS IS WHITE PEOPLE CAN NOW SUDDENLY IMAGINE THEMSELVES IDENTIFYING WITH BLACK SUCCESS IN A NEW WAY. WHAT THAT MEANS IS, IF YOU HAPPEN TO BE FAMOUS, RIGHT, THEN WE'LL ACCEPT YOU INTO OUR SOCIETY AS A ROUGH EQUAL, MAYBE EVEN BETTER.

>> HOW ABOUT A LITTLE ONE-ON-ONE?

>> ALL RIGHT. BLACK SUCCESS WASN'T CONFINED TO THE REALM OF CELEBRITIES. AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE MAKING DRAMATIC GAINS IN ALMOST EVERY ARENA.

>> Brown: SO THAT ASTONISHING RISE OF A CULTURE AND POLITICAL PRESENCE OF BLACKS IN AMERICA, HOW IMPORTANT HAS IT BEEN TO OVERALL PROGRESS?

>> OH, IT WAS CRUCIAL, AND IT'S A RESULT OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. WHEN I WENT TO YALE, I ENTERED YALE IN 1969. 96 BLACK KIDS ENTERED THAT YEAR AS OPPOSED TO SIX IN 1966. WHAT, WAS THERE A GENETIC BLIP IN THE RACE THAT ALL OF A SUDDEN THERE ARE SMART BLACK PEOPLE THAT NEVER EXISTED BEFORE? WE WERE THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION GENERATION. WE WERE THERE AND PART OF THE ELEMENT THAT INTEGRATED WHITE INSTITUTIONS IN THE POWER STRUCTURE WHICH IS WHAT WE WERE SUPPOSED TO DO. BUT WHAT HAPPENED, LONNIE, MY FRIEND AT HARVARD USED TO SAY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IS A CLASSES CAY LATER. SO WE WERE ON THE CLASSES CAY LATER GOING UP THE SOCIOECONOMIC SCALE IN THE UNITED STATES AND SOMEBODY HIT THE OFF SWITCH. ALL THOSE WHO WEREN'T ON THE ESCALATOR WERE LEFT BEHIND. WE HAVE A HUGE CLASS GAP WITHIN THE RACE. PART OF THE REASON I DID THIS SERIES WAS TO REMIND THOSE OF US WHO BENEFITED FROM AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND WHO HAVE DONE SO WELL OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS, THAT THERE IS STILL A HUGE SEGMENT OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS LEFT BEHIND.

>> Brown: TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU SEE THE CAMPAIGN AND THE RESULTS AS A REPUDIATION OF THE BLACK PRESENCE IN OUR CULTURE AND IN OUR POLITICS, OR EVEN A BACKLASH AGAINST IT?

>> I THINK THAT THE TRUMP VOTE PARTICULARLY AMONG THE WORKING CLASS IS A REFLECTION OF ECONOMIC ANXIETY. PEOPLE ARE AFRAID -- USED TO BE IF YOU DEFERRED GRATIFICATION YOU KEPT YOUR NOSE METAPHORICALLY CLEAN, AS THE PEOPLE IN MY HOMETOWN ALL OF WHO WORKED AT THE PAPER MILL. ONE DAY YOU WOULD GET A MORTGAGE, BUY ONE CAR, TWO CARS, A COUPLE TVs, AND SEND YOUR KIDS TO COLLEGE, AND YOUR KIDS WOULD DO BETTER THAN YOU. THAT'S NO LONGER THE CASE FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE.

>> Brown: SO WHERE ARE WE IN THE SAGA OF WHAT YOU'RE TELLING DR. KING MANY YEARS LATER?

>> I THINK I WOULD SAY, DR. KING , THE JURY IS OUT AND THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF ANXIETY WITHIN THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, BEEN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, BEEN LIBERAL STATES LIKE MY STATE, THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS ABOUT THE VULNERABILITY OF THE GAINS WE'VE MADE. WHAT HAPPENS IF IN THE NEXT FOUR YEARS, ONE VACANCY, TWO VACANCIES ON THE COURT, WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE VOTING RIGHTS, TO A WOMAN'S RIGHT TO CHOOSE AN ABORTION WITHIN ROE v. WADE, ET CETERA, ET CETERA? I'M VERY WORRIED ABOUT THAT. WE HAVE TO BE VIGILANT AND WE'RE GOING TO FIGHT.

>> Brown: ALL RIGHT, THE SERIES IS BLACK AMERICA SINCE M.L.K. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Woodruff: AND "BLACK AMERICA SINCE M.L.K.: AND STILL I RISE" AIRS TONIGHT ON PBS AT 8:00 P.M. EASTERN, 7:00 CENTRAL.

>> Woodruff: FINALLY TONIGHT, 21 PEOPLE RECEIVED THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM THIS YEAR, FROM ARTISTS AND ENTERTAINERS TO PHILANTHROPISTS AND SCIENTISTS. PRESIDENT OBAMA HANDED OUT THE MEDALS AT THE WHITE HOUSE THIS AFTERNOON.

>> EXTRAORDINARY AMERICANS WHO HAVE LIFTED OUR SPIRITS, STRENGTHENED OUR UNION, PUSHED US TOWARD PROGRESS. THESE TWO HAVE DONATED MORE MONEY TO CHARITABLE CAUSES THAN ANYONE, EVER. MANY YEARS AGO, MELINDA'S MOM TOLD HER AND OLD SAYING, "THAT IS SUCCESS." AND BY THIS, AND JUST ABOUT ANY OTHER MEASURE, FEW IN HUMAN HISTORY HAVE BEEN MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN THESE TWO IMPATIENT OPTIMISTS. ELLEN DEGENERES HAS A WAY OF MAKING YOU LAUGH ABOUT SOMETHING RATHER THAN AT SOMEONE-- EXCEPT WHEN I DANCED ON HER SHOW. SHE LAUGHED AT ME. BUT THAT'S OKAY. IT'S EASY TO FORGET NOW, WHEN WE'VE COME SO FAR, WHEN MARRIAGE IS EQUAL UNDER THE LAW, JUST HOW MUCH COURAGE WAS REQUIRED FOR ELLEN TO COME OUT, ON THE MOST PUBLIC OF STAGES, ALMOST 20 YEARS AGO. NOW, EVERY JOURNALIST IN THE ROOM KNOWS NEWT MINOW. VAST WASTELAND. BUT TWO WORDS PREFERS: PUBLIC INTEREST. THAT'S BEEN THE HEARTBEAT OF HIS LIFE'S WORK. THE GAME OF BASEBALL HAS A HANDFUL OF SIGNATURE SOUNDS. YOU HEAR THE CRACK OF THE BAT, YOOU'VE GOT THE CROWD SINGING IN SEVENTH INNING STRETCH, AND YOU'VE GOT THE VOICE OF VIN SCULLY. WHEN HE HEARD ABOUT THIS HONOR, VIN ASKED, "ARE YOU SURE? I'M JUST AN OLD BASEBALL ANNOUNCER." AND WE HAD TO INFORM HIM THAT TO AMERICANS OF ALL AGES, YOU ARE AN OLD FRIEND. HERE'S HOW GREAT KAREEN ABDUL JABBAR WAS-- 1967, HE SPENT A YEAR DOMINATING COLLEGE BASKETBALL. THE N.C.A.A. BANS THE DUNK. THEY DIDN'T SAY IT WAS ABOUT KAREEM, BUT IT WAS ABOUT KAREEM. THERE'S A REASON YOU CALL SOMEBODY THE "MICHAEL JORDAN OF" RABBIS, OR "MICHAEL JORDAN OF" OUTRIGGER CANOEING. HE IS THE DEFINITION OF SOMEBODY SO GOOD AT WHAT THEY DO THAT EVERYBODY RECOGNIZES IT. I AM THE PRESIDENT, AND HE IS THE BOSS. AND PUSHING 70, HE IS STILL LAYING DOWN FOUR-HOUR LIVE SETS, FIRE-BREATHING ROCK AND ROLL. SO I THOUGHT TWICE ABOUT GIVING HIM A MEDAL NAMED FOR FREEDOM, BECAUSE WE HOPE HE REMAINS A PRISONER OF ROCK AND ROLL FOR YEARS TO COME.

>> Woodruff: THE MEDAL OF FREEDOM WINNERS MARKED THE OCCASION WITH A STAR-STUDDED MANNEQUIN CHALLENGE. WATCH IT ON OUR WEBSITE, www.pbs.org/newshour.

>> Woodruff: AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE, AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU, AND GOOD NIGHT.

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>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org ♪ >>> THIS IS "NIGHTLY BUSINESS REPORT" WITH TYLER MATHISEN AND SUE HERERA. >>> RALLY CAPS. THE BLUE CHIP DOW INDEX HITS 19,000 FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER. GAINING 1,000 POINTS IN LESS THAN A MONTH. BUT SHOULD YOUR NEXT INVESTMENT BE IN SMALL CAPS, NOT THE BIG BLUE CHIPS? >>> ALZHEIMER'S PUZZLE. ELI LILLY IS WORKING ON A DRUG TO SOLVE IT, BUT IT HASN'T BEEN EASY. AND THERE'S A LOT AT STAKE. THE FIRST OF A TWO-PART SERIES. >>> AND LONG-LASTING. WHY AMERICANS ARE KEEPING THEIR CARS LONGER THAN EVER. THOSE STORIES AND MORE TONIGHT ON "NIGHTLY BUSINESS REPORT" FOR TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 22nd. >>> GOOD EVENING, EVERYBODY. AND WELCOME. A RECORD-SETTING DAY. THE DOW LEVITATING TO 19,000, SETTLING ABOVE THAT LEVEL FOR THE FIRST TIM