PBS NewsHour; November 21, 2014 3:00pm-4:00pm PST

Captioning sponsored by MacNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS

>> Woodruff: AMERICA REACTS TO PRESIDENT OBAMA'S ORDERS THAT SHIELD POSSIBLY FIVE MILLION MORE UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS FROM DEPORTATION. GOOD EVENING. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ALSO AHEAD: ONE OF SYRIA'S TOP MUSLIM CLERICS, BANISHED BY THE ASSAD REGIME, TRAVELS TO INDIANA TO LEAD PRAYERS AT THE FUNERAL OF AMERICAN AID WORKER PETER KASSIG, WHO WAS BRUTALLY KILLED BY ISLAMIC STATE MILITANTS.

>> WE STAND BY HIS FAMILY AND TO STAND BY HIS COMMUNITY AND TO STAND BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WHO GAVE BRAVE RIIN THIS DIFFICULT TIME WHEN I.S.I.S. IS SLAUGHTERING EVERYONE.

>> Woodruff: FROM SMALL BEGINNINGS TO ONE OF THE LARGEST LITERARY EVENTS IN THE U.S., THE ORGANIZERS OF THE MIAMI BOOK FAIR SAY THE OLD-FASHIONED, HOLD-IN-YOUR-HAND TEXT IS STILL ALIVE AND WELL.

>> MOST PEOPLE WHO ARE LEADERS READ IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT FORMATS, AND THE PREFERRED FORMAT SEEMS TO BE THE PHYSICAL BOOK. IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, THE PHYSICAL BOOK IS A PERFECT LITTLE MACHINE WITHOUT A PLUG.

>> Woodruff: AND IT'S FRIDAY-- DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS ARE HERE TO ANALYZE THE WEEK'S NEWS. THOSE ARE SOME OF THE STORIES WE'RE COVERING ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.

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>> Woodruff: FRESH OFF HIS ADDRESS TO THE NATION LAST NIGHT, PRESIDENT OBAMA LAUNCHED AN EFFORT TODAY TO WIN SUPPORT FOR HIS IMMIGRATION MOVES. HE HEADED BACK TO A PLACE WHERE HE HAS ADDRESSED THE ISSUE BEFORE.

>> TODAY, WE'RE DOING SOMETHING ABOUT IT. ( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE )

>> Woodruff: THE PRESIDENT CHOSE DEL SOL HIGH SCHOOL IN LAS VEGAS FOR HIS FORUM. IT'S WHERE HE OPENED A DRIVE LAST YEAR FOR OVERHAULING THE IMMIGRATION SYSTEM.

>> AND WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IS BE HONEST THAT TRACKING DOWN, ROUNDING UP AND DEPORTING MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IS NOT REALISTIC. THAT'S NOT WHO WE ARE. MOST UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS ARE GOOD, DECENT PEOPLE WHO'VE BEEN HERE FOR A LONG TIME. ( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE )

>> Woodruff: THE EXECUTIVE ORDERS WILL SHIELD NEARLY FIVE MILLION IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE IN THE U.S. ILLEGALLY FROM BEING DEPORTED. SOME FOUR MILLION OF THOSE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR AT LEAST FIVE YEARS AND HAVE CHILDREN WHO WERE BORN HERE AND ARE ALREADY U.S. CITIZENS. ANOTHER 300,000 WILL BE PROTECTED BY EXPANDING A 2012 DIRECTIVE COVERING YOUNGER IMMIGRANTS. INSTEAD, THE FOCUS OF DEPORTATION EFFORTS WILL SHIFT TO CRIMINALS AND THOSE WHO'VE ENTERED THE U.S. RECENTLY. REPUBLICANS INSISTED AGAIN TODAY THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS GONE TOO FAR. HOUSE SPEAKER JOHN BOEHNER CHARGED MR. OBAMA IS "DAMAGING THE PRESIDENCY."

>> WE WILL NOT STAND IDLE AS THE PRESIDENT UNDERMINES THE RULE OF LAW IN OUR COUNTRY AND PLACES LIVES AT RISK. WE'LL LISTEN TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, WE'LL WORK WITH OUR MEMBERS, AND WE WILL WORK TO PROTECT THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

>> Woodruff: BOEHNER GAVE NO SPECIFICS ON WHAT STEPS REPUBLICANS MIGHT TAKE.

>> WE ARE FILING THE LAWSUIT.

>> Woodruff: BUT AN ARIZONA SHERIFF, JOE ARPAIO, TOLD A PHOENIX TV STATION LAST NIGHT THAT HE'S CHALLENGING THE PRESIDENT'S ACTION IN COURT. HE'S TAKEN A TOUGH LINE ON IMMIGRATION AND BEEN ACCUSED OF RACIAL PROFILING.

>> WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER THIS IS CONSTITUTIONAL OR NOT, WHETHER HE'S GOING AROUND CONGRESS IS LEGAL. BUT I'M GOING TO SEND A MESSAGE THAT WE'RE NOT GOING TO GIVE UP.

>> Woodruff: SEVERAL REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS HAVE VOICED SUPPORT FOR LEGAL ACTION AS WELL, INCLUDING WISCONSIN'S SCOTT WALKER, NORTH CAROLINA'S PAT McCRORY AND TEXAS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY. WE'LL RETURN TO THE IMMIGRATION ISSUE AND REACTION FROM SOME OF THOSE AFFECTED AFTER THE NEWS SUMMARY. ON ANOTHER FRONT, REPUBLICANS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUED OVER PRESIDENT OBAMA'S HEALTH CARE LAW. THE LAWSUIT CHARGES HE OVERSTEPPED HIS LEGAL AUTHORITY IN IMPLEMENTING THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. THAT'S BASED IN PART ON THE ADMINISTRATION'S DECISION TO DELAY REQUIRING EMPLOYERS TO PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR WORKERS. THE DEATH TOLL ROSE TO AT LEAST 13 TODAY FROM THE SNOWSTORM THAT BLASTED PARTS OF WESTERN NEW YORK STATE. THE BUFFALO AREA WAS BURIED THIS WEEK UNDER SEVEN FEET OF SNOW, AND THERE MAY BE WORSE TO COME; THE REGION IS NOW BRACING FOR A WEEKEND WARM-UP AND RAIN THAT COULD TRIGGER FLOODING. MAYOR BYRON BROWN SAID TODAY THEY'RE RACING TO CLEAR THE SNOW BEFORE IT STARTS TO MELT.

>> WE NOW HAVE OVER 220 PIECES OF SNOW REMOVAL EQUIPMENT IN SOUTH BUFFALO WORKING AS WE SPEAK. CITY CREWS, STATE CREWS, NATIONAL GUARD AND PRIVATE CONTRACTORS THAT ARE ALL WORKING. WE HAVE 1600 TRUCKS THAT HAVE CARTED OVER 32,000 TONS OF SNOW OUT OF SOUTH BUFFALO.

>> Woodruff: ALREADY, THERE'VE BEEN MORE THAN 30 MAJOR ROOF COLLAPSES FROM THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW. IT'S BEEN ALMOST TWO YEARS SINCE 20-YEAR-OLD ADAM LANZA SHOT 20 YOUNG CHILDREN AND SIX TEACHERS TO DEATH AT A SCHOOL IN NEWTOWN, CONNECTICUT. NOW, A STATE REPORT FINDS THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IN EFFECT LET LANZA'S PARENTS "ACCOMMODATE AND APPEASE" HIM OVER THE YEARS, RATHER THAN DIRECTING HIM TOWARD THE SERIOUS MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT HE NEEDED. THE REPORT ALSO POINTED TO THE EASY AVAILABILITY OF ASSAULT WEAPONS, WHICH IT CALLED A CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE IN THE U.S. LANZA KILLED HIS MOTHER THEN ATTACKED SANDY HOOK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ON DECEMBER 14, 2012, BEFORE KILLING HIMSELF. ATTORNEY GENERAL ERIC HOLDER CALLED FOR POLICE RESTRAINT TODAY AS A GRAND JURY IN FERGUSON, MISSOURI, READIES ITS DECISION IN THE DEATH OF MICHAEL BROWN. THE PANEL IS CONSIDERING WHETHER TO INDICT A WHITE POLICE OFFICER FOR KILLING THE UNARMED BLACK TEENAGER. THERE'VE BEEN FEARS THE DECISION COULD SPARK NEW UNREST. HOLDER POSTED A VIDEO STATEMENT TODAY WITHOUT MENTIONING FERGUSON DIRECTLY.

>> THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYS LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN EVERY JURISDICTION TO WORK WITH THE COMMUNITIES THEY SERVE TO MINIMIZE NEEDLESS CONFRONTATION. IT IS VITAL TO ENGAGE IN PLANNING AND PREPARATION, FROM EVALUATING PROTOCOLS AND TRAINING TO CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT AND UNIFORMS.

>> Woodruff: THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ALSO SAID THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROTEST MOVEMENTS HAVE BEEN THOSE THAT ARE NON- VIOLENT. THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT HAS ORDERED TAKATA CORPORATION TO BEGIN AN INTERNAL INVESTIGATION INTO ITS AIR BAG PROBLEMS. THE BAGS CAN INFLATE WITH SO MUCH FORCE, THEY RUPTURE AND SPEW OUT BITS OF METAL. THAT'S ALREADY PROMPTED RECALLS OF EIGHT MILLION VEHICLES JAPAN'S TRANSPORT MINISTRY SAID TODAY THAT IT WANTS TAKATA TO STUDY WHETHER MORE RECALLS ARE NEEDED, BOTH IN JAPAN AND THE U.S. WORRIES ABOUT SLOWING GROWTH PROMPTED CHINA'S CENTRAL BANK TODAY TO MAKE A SURPRISE CUT IN INTEREST RATES. IT WAS THE FIRST SUCH MOVE IN MORE THAN TWO YEARS. GROWTH IN THE WORLD'S NUMBER-TWO ECONOMY HAS HIT A FIVE-YEAR LOW OF 7.3%. THE NEWS FROM CHINA WENT DOWN WELL ON WALL STREET. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE GAINED 91 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 17,810. THE NASDAQ ROSE 11 POINTS TO CLOSE JUST BELOW 4,713. AND THE S-AND-P 500 ADDED TEN TO FINISH AT 2,063. FOR THE WEEK, THE DOW AND THE S&P GAINED 1%, THE NASDAQ ROSE 0.5%. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR: AMERICANS RESPOND TO PRESIDENT OBAMA'S PLAN TO PROTECT SOME UNDOCUMENTED PEOPLE FROM DEPORTATION; THE DEADLINE LOOMS FOR A NUCLEAR DEAL WITH IRAN; AN INTERVIEW WITH A SYRIAN IMAM WHO IS AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF THE ASSAD REGIME AND THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP; THE BRUTAL ASSAULT ON A UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA STUDENT AND THE SCHOOL'S RESPONSE; CELEBRATING OLD- FASHIONED BOOKS AT THE MIAMI BOOK FAIR; AND DAVID BROOKS AND RUTH MARCUS ON THE WEEK'S NEWS.

>> Woodruff: THE STRONG RESPONSE TO THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH WENT FAR BEYOND CAPITOL HILL. AROUND THE COUNTRY, SOME IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR FAMILIES AND SUPPORTERS APPLAUDED THE MOVE. OTHERS WERE CRITICAL, SAYING THE PRESIDENT EITHER WENT TOO FAR OR HAS YET TO GO FAR ENOUGH. NOW, WE HEAR FROM SOME OF THOSE VOICES IN THEIR OWN WORDS.

>> I DO TAKE IT PERSONALLY BECAUSE IT'S MY CASE, YOU KNOW. IT'S MY PARENTS' CASE, A LOT OF MY FRIENDS' CASES. AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE JUST BEING STEPPED ON AND WE'RE NOT CONSIDERED HUMAN BEINGS. WE'RE JUST SEEN AS PEOPLE WHO ARE COMING TO THIS COUNTRY TO DO ILLEGAL THINGS OR BE CRIMINALS. NOW WE CAN BREATHE A LITTLE BIT, BUT CONTINUE TO FIGHT FOR THE REST OF THE MILLIONS OF IMMIGRANTS THAT CONTINUE TO PLAY BEHIND THE SHADOWS.

>> I DON'T THINK THIS IS A GOOD WAY TO GIVE THE COMMUNITY -- WE DESERVE THE COMMUNITY AND THERE WILL BE A LOT OF WORK HERE FOR THE DAY LABORERS AND THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS WHO ALSO DESERVE TO BE HERE, TO STAY IN THE COUNTRY BECAUSE WE CONTRIBUTE TO THE ECONOMY OF THIS COUNTRY, TOO.

>> I'M GOING TO BE ABLE TO

>> I'M GOING TO BE ABLE TO WORK FOR THIS COMMUNITY THAT... THIS COUNTRY THAT IT'S MY COUNTRY. IT'S MY COUNTRY. THIS IS MY COUNTRY.

>> I'M UNDOCUMENTED, AND, UNFORTUNATELY, I HAVE A CRIMINAL RECORD, SO I AM NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THIS.

>> ( translated ): IT'S A STEP FORWARD. BECAUSE MY SON GRADUATED, HE HAS HIS MASTER'S DEGREE, BUT UNFORTUNATELY HE WASN'T ABLE TO DO ANYTHING. HE ARRIVED AT 13 YEARS OF AGE. IT'S SUCH A BIG FIGHT, AND THERE'S SO MUCH FRUSTRATION AMONG THE YOUTH WHO HAVE STUDIED AND CAN'T DO ANYTHING. BUT WHAT THE PRESIDENT JUST DID IS A BIG ACHIEVEMENT.

>> ( translated ): HE DIDN'T SAY ANYTHING, ABSOLUTELY ANYTHING. IT'S THE SAME THAT HE HAD SAID PREVIOUSLY, THE SAME LIES. HE WANTS TO FURTHER MILITARIZE THE BORDERS. THAT MONEY, THEY CAN USE IT FOR OTHER THINGS, AT SCHOOLS. THEY CAN DO MANY MORE THINGS INSTEAD OF CRIMINALIZING PEOPLE, WHICH IS THE ONLY THING THAT THEY ARE DOING.

>> THIS MEANS A LOT OF STABILITY FOR ME AND MY KIDS.

>> ONE OF MY BIGGEST FEARS WAS ALWAYS LOSING MY MOM, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE MY DAD'S NOT AROUND AS MUCH IN OUR LIVES.

>> I'M A CITIZEN, AND RIGHT NOW I DON'T HAVE A JOB AND, YOU KNOW, THINGS LIKE THAT. SO, I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE A LITTLE BIT OF A PROBLEM FOR US THAT HAVE BEEN HERE FOR A LONG TIME. AND, YOU KNOW, WE'VE BEEN HERE LEGALLY FOR A LONG TIME, YOU KNOW. AND WE'RE NOT REALLY MAKING IT, SO IF WE HAVE MORE PEOPLE, IT'LL BE WORSE.

>> Woodruff: U.S. AND IRANIAN NEGOTIATORS INTENSIFIED THEIR EFFORTS TODAY TO OVERCOME DIVISIONS IN TALKS ON TEHRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM. THE DEADLINE FOR A DEAL IS MONDAY. HARI SREENIVASAN HAS THE STORY.

>> Sreenivasan: SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN KERRY AND IRANIAN FOREIGN MINISTER JAVAD ZARIF MET UNEXPECTEDLY FOR A SECOND TIME THIS EVENING. DESPITE RESERVATIONS AND OBJECTIONS FROM ISRAEL, GULF ALLIES AND MANY IN WASHINGTON, KERRY IS HOPING TO REACH A DEAL WITH THE COUNTRY TO DIFFUSE A 12-YEAR STANDOFF OVER ITS NUCLEAR PROGRAM. TO GET US UP TO SPEED ON THE LATEST, I'M JOINED BY DAVID SANGER OF THE "NEW YORK TIMES," WHO IS COVERING THE TALKS IN VIENNA. THIS MORNING, WHEN I READ THE NEWS, SEEMED BOTH PARTIES WERE SORT OF LEADING THE NEGOTIATING -- LEAVING THE NEGOTIATING TABLE AND NOW YOU'RE TELLING US THEY MET TWIESSMENTS WHAT HAPPENED?

>> WELL, IT'S BEEN A DAY OF HIGH DRAMA. IT'S NOT BEEN CLEAR THAT IT'S BEEN A DAY OF MUCH PROGRESS. MUCH OF THIS RIGHT NOW MAY HAVE BEEN LAST 72 HOURS BRINKSMANSHIP. THE WORD THIS MORNING WAS THAT, AFTER ONE MORE MEETING, THE IRANIAN NEGOTIATE WAS GOING TO FLY BACK TO TEHRAN, PRESUMABLY, HHARI, TO GET INSTRUCTIONED ABOT LAST-MINUTE CONCESSIONS. WE HEARD THE SECRETARY OF STATE WAS NOT GOING TO WAIT FOR HIS IRANIAN COUNTERPART TO RETURN. BY THE END OF THE EVENING, THEY WERE BOTH STAYING. WE CAN'T TELL IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF PROGRESS OR IF THERE WAS NO REASON TO GO BACK AND PROPOSE ANYTHING TO IRAN'S SUPREME LEADER.

>> Sreenivasan: LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT. THE DEADLINE LESS THAN 72 HOURS AWAY. HOW BIG IS THE GAP IN WHAT BOTH SIDES WANT?

>> THE GAP IN WHAT THEY WANT IS PRETTY HUGE. THE QUESTION IS HOW BIG IS THE GAP IN WHAT THEY WOULD SETTLE FOR AND WE'RE NOT ENTIRELY CERTAIN WHERE THEY ARE ON EACH OF THE MAIN ISSUES. BUT THE THINGS ON WHICH THEY SEEM TO BE DIVIDED STILL ARE THE FOLLOWING: FIRST, THE IRANIANS WANT IN ANY FINAL DEAL TO HAVE ALL OF THE SANCTIONS, THE AMERICAN AND WESTERN-BASED SANCTIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS BASICALLY LIFTED ALMOST IMMEDIATELY BUT CERTAINLY IN THE VERY NEAR FUTURE BY A DATE CERTAIN. PRESIDENT OBAMA WANTS TO MAKE SURE THAT HE SIMPLY SUSPENDS THESE SANCTIONS, PROBABLY THROUGH THE REMAINING PART OF HIS PRESIDENCY, WHILE THE IRANIANS BEGIN TO COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT SO THAT HE COULD REIMPOSE SANCTIONS WITH JUST THE SIGNATURE OF A PEN IF, IN FACT, THE IRANIANS DON'T COMPLY FULLY, AND THAT'S A MAJOR ISSUE. OF COURSE, WITH CONGRESS, THAT'S A BIG ISSUE BECAUSE THEY WANT TO VOTE, AND MANY IN CONGRESS WANT TO IMPOSE SOME NEW SANCTIONS. ANOTHER BIG ISSUE IS HOW MUCH URANIUM ENRICHMENT CAPACITY IRAN WILL BE LEFT WITH, AND THERE ARE ALL SORTS OF PROPOSALS FLOATING AROUND, BUT TWO OF THE BIGGEST ARE THAT IRAN SEND A LOT OF ITS EXISTING FUEL TO RUSSIA WHERE IT WILL BE FABRICATED INTO SOME KIND OF FUEL THEY COULD USE IN ONE OF THEIR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. THAT WOULD TAKE IT OUT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR BEING TURNED INTO A WEAPON. THE OTHER IS THAT IRAN DISMANTLE A LARGE NUMBER OF ITS CENTRIFUGES, THE FLOOR-TO-CEILING MACHINES THAT SPIN AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS AND ACTUALLY ENRICH THE URANIUM. THAT'S ALL PART OF A COMPLEX MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION ABOUT HOW DO YOU GET ENOUGH ASSURANCE THAT IT WOULD TAKE IRAN AT LEAST A YEAR, MAYBE MORE, TO RACE FOR A BOMB.

>> Sreenivasan: THAT ALL SAID, HOW LIKELY IS A DEAL BY MONDAY?

>> I THINK THE CHANCES OF A FINAL DEAL ON MONDAY ARE PRETTY SLIM. I WOULD PUT THEM AT WELL UNDER 50%. HOWEVER, IT'S IN NEITHER SIDE'S INTEREST AT THIS POINT TO HAVE THIS ENTIRE NEGOTIATION FALL APART. IF THAT HAPPENED, IRAN WOULD HAVE NO CHANCE OF GETTING THE SANCTIONS LIFTED AND WOULD PROBABLY START PRODUCING NUCLEAR FUEL AGAIN. SO I THINK THAT THE MOST LIKELY OUTCOME IS SOME AGREEMENT IN PRINCIPLE OR SOME ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THEY HAVE MADE SOME PROGRESS IN SOME MAJOR AREAS, BUT THEN ANOTHER EXTENSION. AND THAT RAISES A LOT OF CONCERNS AS WELL, BECAUSE IT MEANS THAT PEOPLE WHO OPPOSE A DEAL IN CONGRESS AND PEOPLE WHO OPPOSE A DEAL IN TEHRAN, WHICH INCLUDES THE REVOLUTIONARY GUARD CORPS, MIGHT HAVE TIME TO MOVE IN AND SORT OF KILL OFF THE CHANCES OF ANY KIND OF FINAL AGREEMENT.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT, DAVID SANGER OF THE "NEW YORK TIMES" JOINING US FROM VIENNA. THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU, HARI.

>> Woodruff: EARLIER TODAY, FRIENDS AND FAMILY OF THE ISLAMIC STATE'S LATEST WESTERN BEHEADING VICTIM, AID WORKER PETER KASSIG, SAID GOODBYE TO THE 26-YEAR-OLD. CHIEF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT MARGARET WARNER REPORTS.

>> Reporter: KASSIG, WHO CONVERTED TO ISLAM AFTER CAPTURE IN 2013, WAS MEMORIALIZED THIS AFTERNOON AT AN INDIANA MOSQUE. AMONG THE SPEAKERS, PROMINENT SYRIAN SUNNI CLERIC al-YAQOUBI. HE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST CLERICS TO CALL ON BASS SAD TO STEP DOWN IN 2011 AFTER GOVERNMENT FORCES CRACKED DOWN ON PEACEFUL PROTESTERS. HE WAS FORCED INTO EXILE LATER THAT YEAR. HE'S ALSO A VOCAL CRITIC OF THE ISLAMIC STATE DPROWVMENT TWO MONTHS AGO HE RELEASED A LETTER TO ITS LEADER al-BAGHDADI TELLING HIM YOU HAVE MISINTERPRETED ISLAM INTO A RELIGION OF HARSH BRUTALITY, TORTURE AND MURDER WHICH HE CALLED A GREAT WRONG AND OFFENSE TO ISLAM. I SPOKE TO SHAYKH al-YAQOUBI YESTERDAY: THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. WHY DID YOU AGREE TO SPEAK AT PETER KASSIG'S FUNERAL?

>> HE SACRIFICED HIS LIFE FOR THE SAKE OF THE SYRIAN PEOPLE. HE WENT ON A HUMANITARIAN MISSION AS AN AIDE WORKER TO HELP GIVE HUMANITY, TO SHOW SYMPATHY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WITH THE SYRIAN PEOPLE SO IT'S OUR DUTY AS SYRIANS TO STAND BY HIS FAMILY AND HIS COMMUNITY AND TO STAND BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WHO GAVE THIS EXAMPLE OF BRAVE RIIN THIS DIFFICULT TIME WHENNIZECIES IS SLAUGHTERING EVERYONE.

>> Reporter: WHY DO YOU THINK THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP IS STAGING VIOLENT BEHEADINGS OF WESTERNERS, EVEN AIDE WORKERS LIKE PETER KASSIG?

>> BECAUSE OF HATRED TOWARD THE WORLD, TOWARD MUSLIMS AND NON-MUSLIMS ALIKE. TO CONVERT TO ISLAM DIDN'T HELP HIM. HE WAS AN AIDE WORKER, IT DIDN'T HELP HIM. WHAT KIND OF HEART KILLS SOMEONE WHO CAME TO HELP THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA? WHAT KIND OF A MAN IN ISLAM KILLS HIS MUSLIM BROTHER?

>> Reporter: WHY ARE THEY SUCCESSFUL, APPARENTLY, IN ATTRACTING RECRUITS FROM NOT ONLY ALL OVER THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN WESTERN EUROPE AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES?

>> THE EFFORTS OF THE REGIME CONTINUE. IT'S A KILLING MACHINE. 200,000 PEOPLE KILLED OVER THREE AND A HALF YEARS NOW. AS LONG AS THE ATROCITIES CONTINUE, WE'LL FIND GROUPS LIKE I.S.I.S. SUCCEEDING IN RECRUITING MORE PEOPLE.

>> Reporter: OF COURSE, YOU WERE AN EARLY OPPONENT OF THE ASSAD REGIME. THERE WERE PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATIONS. WHY IS THE ANTI-ASSAD MOVEMENT BEING LED BY THE MOST EXTREME ELEMENTS IN THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY?

>> BECAUSE OF ALL OF THE FIGHTING. THE REGIME OPTED FOR VIOLENCE AND EXTREME USE OF POWER FROM THE VERY EARLY DAYS OF THE UPRISING AND IT RELEASED FROM PRISON THE MOST EXTREMIST ISLAMISTS, KNOWING THAT THEY WOULD OPT FOR CARRYING GUNS AND FIGHTING AND REVENGE. SO THIS IS HOW THE SHAPE OF THE SYRIAN UPRISING CHANGED FROM THE BEGINNING.

>> Reporter: YOU SAID EARLIER THIS WEAK THAT al-BAGHDADI THE SELF-PROCLAIMED RULER OF THIS ISLAMIC STATE CALIPHATE WAS GOING TO HELL. WHAT DID YOU MEAN?

>> HE'S AGAINST ISLAM. HE IS NOT ACCORDING TO THE MUSLIM STANDARDS BECAUSE HE'S ALLOWING PEOPLE TO KILL MUSLIMS, ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF ALLAH WRONGLY. HE'S AN ANTI-ISLAM. HE'S GOING AGAINST THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM. HE WON'T HAVE ONE SINGLE VERSE OF THE QUR'AN TO DEFEND HIS OPINION IN KILLING INNOCENT PEOPLE.

>> Reporter: WHAT WILL THIS HELL LOOK LIKE?

>> FOR HIM?

>> Reporter: YES. GOD KNOWS WHAT TYPE OF PUNISHMENT HE'S GOING TO RECEIVE FOR THIS SAVAGERY WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN TBHTD HISTORY. ISLAM HAS NEVER SEEN THIS EXTREME OF A GROUP. THIS IS THE MOST EXTREME GROUP THAT EXISTED EVER IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAM. IT CONSTITUTES A THREAT NOT ONLY TO THE SYRIANS OF THE REGION BUT THE WHOLE WORLD. MUSLIMS AND ISLAM CARRY MERCY TO THE WORLD AND THIS IS TOTALLY AGAINST THE VERY NATURE OF THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM.

>> Reporter: WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO YOUNG RECRUITS AND WOULD-BE RECRUITS? ARE THEY HEADED FOR THE SAME FATE?

>> WELL, FIRST OF ALL, THEY SHOULD NOT BE LURED BY ANY PROPAGANDA THAT THE ISLAMIC STATE IS WAGING THROUGH THE INTERNET, ESPECIALLY. SO JOINING al-BAGHDADI IS AN ACT OF SIN. IS IT AN ENORMOUS SIN. IT IS AN ACT OF CRIME. IT'S A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY. IT DISTORTS THE IMAGE OF THE VERY GOD YOU ARE WORSHIPING.

>> Reporter: YOU'VE GOT MORE THAN 100 ISLAMIC SCHOLARS OF SOME PROMINENCEO SIGN THIS LETTER, BUT DO YOU THINK THERE HAS BEEN ENOUGH SIGNIFICANT OPPOSITION AND OUTCRY FROM THE MODERATE MUSLIM COMMUNITY, THE NON-VIOLENT MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN GENERAL AGAINST THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP?

>> YOU'RE RIGHT, MARGARET, TO PUT THIS QUESTION FORWARD. THERE HAS NOT, INDEED. THE MAIN STREET MEDIA HAS NOT BEEN HIGHLIGHTING THIS IMPORTANT ISSUE BY BRINGING RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS ON PRIME TIME TO ADDRESS OUR MUSLIM FELLOWS ACROSS THE ARAB WORLD AND THE ISLAMIC WORLD.

>> Reporter: BUT THESE ARE YOUR COMMUNITIES. CANNOT THE COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES GENERATE THIS KIND OF COUNTERFORCE IN ALL THESE OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE SOME OF THESE RECRUITS ARE COMING FROM?

>> IT IS VERY CLEAR THAT IT IS INCUMBENT ON ALL MUSLIMS TO INFORM IF THEY KNOW OF ANY ONE JOINING BECAUSE THEY'RE BEING A SERVICE TO INFORM OF ANYONE JOINING THIS GANG. THIS IS A GROUP OF GANGSTERS WHO ARE DISTORTING THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY, NOT ONLY THE HISTORY OF ISLAM.

>> Reporter: THREE YEARS AGO, WHEN YOU FIRST CAME OUT AGAINST ASSAD, YOU TALKED ABOUT WANTING TO BUILD A TOLERANT, DEMOCRATIC SYRIA WHERE ALL FAITHS, SUNNI AND SHIA, OTHER FAITHS COULD LIVE SIDE BY SIDE. IS THAT DREAM OVER?

>> NO, IT IS NOT OVER. THE MOMENT ASSAD IS TOPPLED, YOU WILL SEE 70% OF THE PEOPLE FIGHTING NOW WILL LAY DOWN THEIR WEAPONS AND GO BACK TO THEIR HOMES TO REUNITE WITH THEIR FAMILIES AND REBUILD THE COUNTRY. SYRIANS ARE -- THEY PRESENTED A BEAUTIFUL EXAMPLE OF CENTURIES OF HARMONIOUS CO-EXISTENCE BETWEEN ALL THE A GROUPS. DAMASCUS IS THE ONLY CITY THAT'S BEEN INHABITED IN THE WORLD FOR 10,000 YEARS CONTINUALLY, AND WE ARE CAPABLE OF DOING THIS AGAIN.

>> Reporter: YOU THINK AFTER ALL THIS VIOLENCE, ALL THIS SAVAGERY, IT CAN BE PUT BACK TOGETHER?

>> SYRIA CAN PUT BACK TOGETHER. IT'S LONG HISTORY WILL NOT BE ERASE BID SOMEONE LIKE BAGHDADI OR I.S.I.S. SYRIA SEEKS THE HELP OF SYRIA AND THE WORLD TO GET BID OF BAGHDADI AND I.S.I.S.

>> Reporter: THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Woodruff: A CHILLING ACCOUNT OF A GANG RAPE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HAS RE-IGNITED ATTENTION OVER THE PROBLEM OF SEXUAL ASSAULT ON CAMPUS. IN THIS CASE, IT IS PROVOKING NEW INVESTIGATIONS AND QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY'S RESPONSE TO ASSAULT CASES AND WHETHER IT HAS COVERED THEM UP. THE STORY APPEARS IN "ROLLING STONE" MAGAZINE. IT'S AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT HAPPENS TO AN UNIDENTIFIED FRESHMAN WHO IS CALLED "JACKIE" AND IS ATTACKED AT THE PHI KAPPA PSI FRATERNITY HOUSE IN 2012. SEVEN MEN TOOK TURNS RAPING THE 18-YEAR-OLD OVER THREE HOURS. TWO OTHERS WATCHED, ACCORDING TO THE PIECE. THE STORY ALSO FINDS THAT FACULTY AND FRIENDS DID NOT ENCOURAGE HER TO REPORT THE ATTACK AND THAT THE FRATERNITY WAS NOT INVESTIGATED UNTIL THIS YEAR. THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DECLINED OUR INVITATION TO APPEAR. IT HAS ASKED THE CHARLOTTESVILLE POLICE TO INVESTIGATE. MORE ON ITS STATEMENTS IN A MOMENT. BUT FIRST, LET'S TURN TO THE REPORTER WHO WROTE THE STORY, SABRINA RUBIN ERDELY. SABRINA, THANK YOU FOR TALKING WITH US. FIRST OF ALL, WHY DID YOU WANT TO DO THIS STORY? WHAT CAUGHT YOUR ATTENTION? WHY U.V.A., AND WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS STORY THAT YOU THINK WAS WORTHY OF THIS KIND OF ATTENTION?

>> WELL, WE'RE LOOKING TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF RAPE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES. THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT'S BEING DISCUSSED EVERYWHERE AND WE'RE LOOKING TO INVESTIGATE WHAT DOES IT REALLY LOOK LIKE ON THE GROUND LEVEL WHEN THERE'S A RAPE AT COLLEGE AGAINST THE GREATER CONTEXT OF COLLEGE? SO I LOOKED AROUND AT A LOT OF DIFFERENT CAMPUSES AND INTERVIEWED A LOFTO DIFFERENT STUDENTS. I WAS LOOKING TO SET THIS STORY AT A UNIVERSITY THAT HAD A GOOD REPUTATION, BUT ALSO FELT VERY REPRESENTATIVE OF WHAT WAS GOING ON AT AMERICAN COLLEGES ACROSS THE COUNTRY WITH REGARD TO SEXUAL ASSAULT. I WAS ALSO HOPING THAT IT WOULD BE A COLLEGE THAT WAS UNDER TITLE 9 INVESTIGATION AND, ON TOP OF THAT, A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE WERE WILLING TO TALK TO ME ABOUT THEIR SEXUAL ASSAULT EXPERIENCES AND I FOUND ALL THAT AT UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.

>> Reporter: TITLE 9 IS A REFERENCE TO THE FEDERAL INVESTIGATION UNDERWAY IN A NUMBER OF COLLEGES AROUND THE COUNTRY. CAN YOU GIVE US THE BASIC OUTLINES OF WHAT HAPPENED TO THE STUDENT YOU'RE CALLING "JACKIE"?

>> YES. IN FACT, JACKIE IS HER REAL NAME. I WAS SHOCKED BY HER STORY WHEN I FIRST ENCOUNTERED JACKY. SHE WENT TO THE ADMINISTRATION AND TOLD THEM THAT SHE HAD BEEN GANG RAPEED AT A FRATERNITY HOUSE BY SEVEN MEN WHILE TWO OTHERS WATCHED AND THE ADMINISTRATION DID NOTHING ABOUT IT. AND EVEN THOUGH A YEAR LATER SHE ACTUALLY CAME TO THE ADMINISTRATION AGAIN AND TOLD THEM THAT SHE HAD HEARD OF TWO OTHER WOMEN WHO HAD COME TO HER TELLING THEM THAT THEY, TOO, HAD BEEN GANG RAPED AT THE SAME FRATERNITY, THE ADMINISTRATION ALSO CHOSE TO DO NOTHING ABOUT THAT. SO THAT WAS INCREDIBLY SHOCKING TO ME THAT THE ADMINISTRATION WOULD DECIDE NOT JUST TO DO NOTHING IN HER CASE, BUT NOTHING TO WARN THE CAMPUS AT LARGE THAT THERE WAS A FRATERNITY THAT WAS HAVING PARTIES AND HOLDING FRATERNITY RUSH AND SO FORTH THAT HAD HAD NUMEROUS ALLEGATIONS AGAINST IT FOR GANG RAPE, BUT NOBODY WAS EVER WARNED.

>> Reporter: IT WAS ALSO DISTURBING TO READ HER FRIENDS DID NOT ENCOURAGE HER TO REPORT IT. DID YOU FIND THAT THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS COMMON ON THIS CAMPUS AND MAYBE ON OTHER CAMPUSES AS WELL?

>> THAT WAS INCREDIBLY COMMON AND A VERY DISTURBING THING THAT EMERGED IN THE ARTICLE IS WHEN JACKIE CONFIDED IN HER FRIENDS, THEY DISMISSED IT, THEY LAUGHED IT OFF, THEY TOLD HER TO BRUSH IT OFF AND GET OVER IT. SOME OF THEM CALLED HER A BABY FOR WALLOWING IN IT. THEY SAID, AFTER A WHILE, SHE WAS STILL CRYING ABOUT IT. THAT'S NOT UNCOMMON FROM RAPE SURVIVORS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA AND ELSEWHERE THAT THESE WOMEN ARE SHAMED AND BLAMED AND TOLD TO SHAKE IT OFF AND GET BACK TO THE PARTY CULTURE. REALLY, STUDENTS SEE THIS SEXUAL ASSAULT NOT SO MUCH AS A SERIOUS CRIME BUT AS THIS UNFORTUNATE CASUALTY OF THE PARTY CULTURE.

>> Reporter: LET ME READ, SABRINA, WHAT UNIVERSITY SAID, WHEN YOUR STORY CAME OUT TWO DAYS AGO NOVEMBER 19, THE UNIVERSITY PUT OUT A STATEMENT. AMONG OTHER THINGS, THEY SAID MANY DETAILS WERE PREVIOUSLY NOT DISCLOSED TO UNIVERSITY OFFICIALS AND THE UNIVERSITY HAS RECENTLY ADOPTED NEW POLICIES AIMED AT FOSTERING A CULTURE OF REPORTING. SO IS THERE A CHANGE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA?'9;xLSv

>> THEY HAVE BEEN MAKING SOME CHANGES LATELY.B. THEY HAVE IMPLEMENTED A BYSTANDER INTERVENTION CAMPAIGN THEY UNVEILED IN SEPTEMBER, THEY CHANGED SOME POLICIES TO CREATE MORE MANDATORY REPORTERS. BUT THE IDEA THAT THEY DIDN'T KNOW SOME OF THE DETAILS OF JACKIE'S CASE, THAT SOUNDS A LITTLE DISINGENUOUS TO ME ONLY BECAUSE WHEN I APPROACHED JACKIE ABOUT THIS ARTICLE, SHE WAS VERY FORTHCOMING ABOUT ALL THE DETAILS AND CONFIDED HER ALLEGATIONS IN A DEAN A YEAR AGO AND HAS BEEN IN VERY CLOSE CONTACT WITH HER FOR THE LAST YEAR, SO IT MAKES ME THINK THAT, IF THIS DEAN DIDN'T KNOW THE DETAILS, IT'S BECAUSE JACKIE WAS JUST NEVER ASKED.

>> Reporter: AMONG OTHER THINGS, YOU WRITE IN THE ARTICLE THAT THE COLLEGE OFFICIALS GAVE HER OPTIONS OF WHAT TO DO. ONE OF THOSE OPTIONS WAS TO DO NOTHING.

>> THAT THE VERY COMMON NOW AT COLLEGES. A NEW APPROACH TO DEALING WITH VICTIMS IS TO PRESENT THEM WITH A VARIETY OF OPTIONS AND LEAVE THE CHOICE UP TO THEM HOW THEY WANT TO PURSUE THE CASE. IN THEORY, IT'S A REALLY NICE IDEA BECAUSE THE IDEA OF FORCING A VICTIM INTO AN UNWANTED OPTION IS A REALLY SENSITIVE THING FOR A VICTIM OF SEXUAL ASSAULT. BUT IN RECALL THE, WHAT WINDS UP -- BUT IN REALITY, WHAT WINDS UP HAPPENING IS THESE VERY TRAUMATIZED STUDENTS ARE PRESENTED WITH ALL THESE OPTIONS THAT ARE PRESENTED COMPLETELY NEUTRALLY INCLUDING THE OPTION OF DOING NOTHING, SO THEY WIND UP DOING NOTHING AND ARE TOLD THAT IS PERFECTLY FINE.

>> Reporter: WHAT IS THE STATUS OF HER CASE NOW? HOW IS SHE DOING? IS THERE AN INVESTIGATION UNDERWAY? WHERE DOES IT STAND?

>> WELL, AS A RESULT OF MY ARTICLE, THE UNIVERSITY HAS JUST ANNOUNCED THAT THEY'VE ASKED THE POLICE TO LOOK INTO HER CASE. JACKIE HERSELF IS STILL INCREDIBLY TRAUMATIZE BI BIDTRAUMATIZED BY HER ASSAULT AND FEELS GOOD ABOUT SPEAKING OUT. IT'S DIFFICULT FOR HER TO SPEAK OUT BECAUSE SHE WAS CRITICIZED BY HER PEERS AND VERY MUCH DISCOURAGED FOR IT. SHE HAD A BOTTLE THROWN AT HER HEAD FOR HAVING THE COURAGE TO SPEAK OUT. THE FACT SHE HAD THIS INCREDIBLE BRAVE RISAYS SOMETHING ABOUT HOW STRONGLY SHELVES ABOUT GETTING HER STORY OUT AND THE STORY OF OTHERS OUT.

>> Reporter: FINALLY, WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF HOW OTHER SCHOOLS ARE DEALING WITH THIS? DID YOU SEE THIS AS A WAY OF LETTING THE WORLD KNOW THAT THIS IS GOING ON IN MORE THAN ONE CAMPUS?

>> I MEAN, PART OF THE REASON WHY I CHOSE THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IS BECAUSE I FELT IT WAS REALLY REPRESENTATIVE OF WHAT WAS GOING ON AT CAMPUSES ACROSS THE COUNTRY. WHEN I SPOKE TO EXPERTS, THEY TOLD ME THE SCARY TRUTH SHA IF YOU DIG -- TRUTH IS THAT IF YOU DIG DEEP ENOUGH AT ANY CAMPUS THIS IS PROBABLY WHAT YOU WILL FIND. WHAT HAPPENS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA IS PROBABLY NOT THE EXCEPTION BUT THE NORM.

>> Reporter: ON THAT VERY SOBERING NOTE, WE WILL THANK YOU, SABRINA RUBIN ERDELY, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR AT "ROLLING STONE." THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU. BOOKS?

>> Woodruff: NEXT, THE END OF BOOKS? WELL, NOT IN MIAMI, AND CERTAINLY NOT THIS WEEK. JEFFREY BROWN REPORTS.

>> Brown: IT'S PART STREET FESTIVAL, PART EXCUSE TO ENJOY THAT IT'S 70 DEGREES IN MIAMI WHILE BLIZZARDS BLANKET OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, AND ALL CELEBRATION OF THAT OLD- FASHIONED, HOLD-IT-IN-YOUR HAND TECHNOLOGY: THE BOOK. THE MIAMI BOOK FAIR INTERNATIONAL IS SAID TO BE THE LARGEST LITERARY EVENT OF ITS KIND IN THE NATION. AN EIGHT-DAY AFFAIR THAT ATTRACTS SOME 250,000 BOOK LOVERS AND MORE THAN 600 AUTHORS TO THE DOWNTOWN CAMPUS OF MIAMI DADE COLLEGE. BUT PEOPLE WEREN'T EXACTLY FLOCKING DOWNTOWN 31 YEARS AGO WHEN IT ALL BEGAN.

>> THERE WAS VERY LITTLE ACTIVITY, COMMERCIAL AND OTHERWISE.

>> Brown: I'VE SEEN YOU DESCRIBE IT AS A SCARY PLACE.

>> VERY SCARY PLACE, AND PEOPLE WOULD NOT WANT TO COME DOWNTOWN.

>> Brown: EDUARDO PADRON IS THE PRESIDENT OF MIAMI DADE COLLEGE AND A CO-FOUNDER OF THE BOOK FAIR. TODAY, THIS URBAN CAMPUS IS PART OF A HUGELY DIVERSE INSTITUTION THAT ENROLLS MORE THAN 160,000 STUDENTS. BUT IN THE EARLY 1980S, THIS AREA WAS HOME TO CRIME AND DRUGS, RIOTS HAD DEVASTATED PARTS OF MIAMI, AND TIME MAGAZINE ASKED IF THE REGION WAS AMERICA'S "PARADISE LOST." BUT PADRON SAW AN OPPORTUNITY.

>> I'M AN AVID READER, BUT IT WAS NOT MY MAIN MOTIVATION, IF I'M GOING TO BE HONEST WITH YOU. IT WAS TO DO SOMETHING TO BRING PEOPLE DOWNTOWN, HAVE A GOOD TIME AND FEEL AT EASE IN DOWNTOWN. IT WAS IMPORTANT FOR THE CITY, IT WAS IMPORTANT FOR THE COLLEGE.

>> Brown: ONE REQUIREMENT, OF COURSE: THE PEOPLE WHO WRITE THE BOOKS, THE AUTHORS WHO GIVE READINGS AND ARE THE STARS OF THE AFFAIR.

>> HI, HOW ARE YOU?

>> Brown: THE FIRST YEAR, THAT INCLUDED TWO YOUNG LOCAL WRITERS WHO WOULD GO ON TO LITERARY FAME. ONE OF THEM, DAVE BARRY.

>> I HAD A... SOME LITTLE HUMOR BOOK AND THEY SET UP A CARD TABLE FOR ME. CARD TABLE OUT ON THE MAIN STREET THERE, LIKE SECOND STREET. AND MY CARD TABLE WAS, DIRECTLY ACROSS FROM ME WAS CARL HIAASEN, WITH HIS CART. SO HE SAT BEHIND A LITTLE PILE OF HIS BOOKS, AND I SAT BEHIND A LITTLE PILE OF MY BOOKS AND YOU KNOW EVERY NOW AND THEN SOMEBODY WOULD COME BY AND... AND BUY A BOOK.

>> AND THIS IS A BOOK THAT'S BEING TALKED ABOUT.

>> YES.

>> Brown: THE FAIR'S OTHER GOD- FATHER WAS MITCHELL KAPLAN, THEN THE YOUNG OWNER OF A FLEDGLING BOOKSTORE CALLED BOOKS & BOOKS. HE RECALLS HAVING TO OVERCOME THE CITY'S REPUTATION.

>> WHEN I WOULD ASK FOR AN AUTHOR IN THE EARLY DAYS, IT WAS OFTEN, THE PUBLISHER WOULD OFTEN SAY, "WELL, YOU KNOW, WE HAVE THIS NEW NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUG BOOK OUT, WE'D BE HAPPY TO SEND THAT AUTHOR DOWN." I GO, "NO, NO, YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND, I WANT RICHARD FORD, OR I WANT RUSSELL BANKS, I WANT SOMEBODY WHO REALLY IS GOING TO HAVE SOME SWAY DOWN HERE."

>> Brown: FORD AND BANKS EVENTUALLY DID COME AND KEPT COMING. THEY'RE BOTH HERE THIS YEAR WITH OTHER LEADING LITERARY LIGHTS SUCH AS JOYCE CAROL OATES, AND ANN PATCHETT, AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER WRITERS IN ALL GENRES AND STYLES WITH A MAJOR EMPHASIS ON SPANISH WRITING. TODAY, THE FAIR IS SUPPORTED BY NUMEROUS LOCAL AND NATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AND CORPORATIONS. AS THE FAIR HAS GROWN, SO HAS THE CITY AND ITS CULTURAL LIFE. AND, SAYS MICHAEL SPRING, HEAD OF THE MIAMI DADE OFFICE OF CULTURAL AFFAIRS, THERE'S A DIRECT CONNECTION.

>> THE BOOK FAIR SORT OF INSTILLED IN MIAMI A CERTAIN CONFIDENCE ABOUT ITSELF THAT WE COULD ASPIRE TO THINGS LIKE AN INTERNATIONAL LITERARY EVENT HERE AND NOT JUST BE CREDIBLE, BUT BE INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL IN DOING IT.

>> Brown: IF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF LOCALS WOULD ATTEND A BOOK FAIR, THAT IS, THEN WHY NOT A CONCERT OR THE BALLET? AND JUST THE LAST DECADE HAS SEEN THE OPENING OF THE ARSHT PERFORMING ARTS CENTER, SEVERAL NEW MUSEUMS, MORE ON THE RISE.

>> EVERY THIRD FRIDAY CALLED BIG NIGHT IN LITTLE HAITI.

>> Brown: AT THE LITTLE HAITI CULTURAL CENTER, ACCLAIMED NOVELIST EDWIDGE DANTICAT TOLD US PART OF MIAMI'S CULTURAL ENERGY COMES FROM ITS IMMIGRANT POPULATION.

>> IT'S SORT OF WHERE A LOT OF PEOPLE LAND, WHETHER THEY COME BY BOAT, AND A LOT OF PEOPLE DO COME BY BOAT, OR WHETHER THEY COME BY PLANE, IT'S A LOT OF PEOPLE'S FIRST HOME. SO THAT BRINGS WITH IT A LOT OF VOICES, BUT ALSO A LOT OF VOICES... HOW THE VOICES MERGE, HOW THEY INTERACT, HOW THEY DON'T INTERACT. AND THAT'S ALWAYS EXCITING FOR LITERATURE. ♪

>> Brown: THE FAIR THIS YEAR FEATURED AN EVENING OF HAITIAN MUSIC, ALONG WITH AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE. MOST OF ALL, THOUGH, DANTICAT SAYS, IT ALLOWS PASSIONATE READERS, HERSELF INCLUDED, TO RUB SHOULDERS WITH AUTHORS THEY LOVE.

>> SOMETIMES IT FEELS LIKE A RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE BECAUSE PEOPLE WAIT REALLY LONG LINES TO GET IN TO SEE THE WRITERS, AND IT'S REALLY ONE OF THOSE OPPORTUNITIES ALSO TO HAVE AN EXCHANGE, I THINK, WITH THE REST OF THE LITERARY CULTURE OF THE COUNTRY.

>> Brown: OF COURSE, ALL THIS IS HAPPENING AT A TIME WHEN THE MAIN NARRATIVE ABOUT BOOKS IS THAT, WELL, THEY'RE DYING, AREN'T THEY?

>> BOOKS ARE ALIVE AND WELL, I CAN ABSOLUTELY SAY THAT.

>> Brown: MITCHELL KAPLAN WILL HAVE NONE OF IT. HE THINKS INDEPENDENT BOOKSTORES LIKE HIS-- HE NOW HAS THREE-- HAVE LEARNED NOT ONLY TO SURVIVE, BUT IN SOME CASES TO THRIVE, EVEN IN THE WORLD OF E- BOOKS.

>> MOST PEOPLE WHO ARE READERS READ IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT FORMATS, AND THE PREFERRED FORMAT SEEMS TO BE THE PHYSICAL BOOK.

>> Brown: THE ACTUAL BOOK.

>> THE ACTUAL BOOK. THE PHYSICAL BOOK IS A FAIRLY PERFECT LITTLE MACHINE WITHOUT A PLUG.

>> WE DON'T THINK THAT MUCH, MEN DON'T, WE'RE JUST, IF YOU WERE TO LOOK AT THE BRAINS OF MEN IN THIS AUDIENCE RIGHT NOW, LOT OF THEM ARE JUST GOING HMMM...

>> Brown: THAT DOESN'T MEAN ALL IS ROSY IN THE BOOK WORLD. AND EVEN SUCCESSFUL AUTHORS LIKE DAVE BARRY HAVE TO FIND NEW WAYS TO GIN UP SALES. AT THIS YEAR'S BOOK FAIR, HE BANTERED AND JOKED ON STAGE WITH AUTHOR SANDRA TSING LOH BEFORE AN APPRECIATIVE AUDIENCE. ( APPLAUSE )

>> SELLING YOUR BOOK IS, TURNS OUT TO BE AS IMPORTANT AND LATELY MORE IMPORTANT THAN WHATEVER THE BOOK IS.

>> Brown: SO YOU SEE YOURSELF AS WHAT, PART WRITER AND PART PERFORMER?

>> I WOULD SAY IN MY CASE MORE PERFORMER. ( LAUGHS ) BECAUSE YOU KNOW YOU WRITE... THE, HONESTLY, SEE IT FEELS LIKE YOU SPEND MORE TIME IN THE END TALKING ABOUT YOUR BOOK THAN WRITING, THAN ACTUALLY WRITING YOUR BOOK. I DON'T, I DON'T THINK THAT'S THE WAY MARCEL PROUST DID IT, BUT I THINK THAT'S THE WAY I DO IT.

>> Brown: PROUST, BARRY POINTED OUT TO ME, DIDN'T MAKE IT TO THIS YEAR'S FAIR, BUT THOUSANDS OF OTHER DID. I'M JEFFREY BROWN FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR IN MIAMI.

>> Woodruff: AND YOU CAN HEAR FROM SOME OF THE AUTHORS THEMSELVES. WE'RE LIVE STREAMING EVENTS ALL WEEKEND FROM THE MIAMI BOOK FAIR. THOSE DETAILS ARE ON "ART BEAT."

>> Woodruff: FROM A FAILED VOTE IN THE SENATE TO GREENLIGHT THE KEYSTONE PIPELINE TO THE PRESIDENT'S CALL TO ARMS ON IMMIGRATION, IT WAS A WEEK FULL OF CONTROVERSIAL POLITICS. TO ANALYZE IT ALL: BROOKS AND MARCUS. THAT'S "NEW YORK TIMES" COLUMNIST DAVID BROOKS AND "WASHINGTON POST" COLUMNIST RUTH MARCUS. MARK SHIELDS IS AWAY. WE WELCOME YOU BOTH. SO NOW THAT YOU'VE HAD A WHOLE DAY TO THINK ABOUT IT, DAVID, HOW IS THE PRESIDENT'S ANNOUNCEMENT ON IMMIGRATION SITTING?

>> I'VE TOTALLY CHANGED MY MIND. IT'S A GREAT THING. (LAUGHTER) NO, ACTUALLY, IT'S TERRIBLE. FIRST, CONSTITUTIONALLY, MY PAPER DID A GOOD STORY ON WHETHER THIS WAS CONSTITUTIONAL, AND THE WHITE HOUSE DID GET A VAST NUMBER WHO THINK IT WAS AND WASN'T. IT'S DIVIDED. THOSE WHO THINK IT WAS A GRAB OF POWER ARE PROBABLY ON THE RIGHT SIDE, BUT THAT'S ME, I POLITICALLY. THIS PERIOD OF GRIDLOCK IS GOING TO END SOME DAY AND PEOPLE WILL ACTUALLY COOPERATE, THEY WILL DO THINGS, BUILD COALITIONS, PASS THINGS BY A MAJORITY VOTE BY THE WAY THE CONSTITUTION DESIGNED, BUT WHAT HAPPENED LAST NIGHT WILL MAKE IT HARDER AND PUSH THAT DATE FURTHER ON. THE PRESIDENT WILL MAKE PASSING IMMIGRATION REFORM AND OTHER REFORM HARDER. THE NUMBER ONE ISSUE IN THIS COUNTRY IS RESTORING LEGITIMACY OF GOVERNMENT. I DON'T CARE WHETHER THE PRESIDENT BELIEVES HE WAS JUSTIFIED, SOMEBODY'S GOING TO STEP OUT OF THIS CYCLE AND HE JUST EMBEDDED THE CYCLE ANOTHER FEW FEET DEEPER.

>> Woodruff: I WANT TO GET TO THE BIGGER PICTURE IN A MINUTE. FROM THE STANDPOINT OF JUST IMMIGRATION, WHAT DO YOU SAY?

>> WELL, IT'S HARD THESE DAYS TO VOTE AGAINST GRIDLOCK IN WASHINGTON. NOBODY EVER WENT BROKE VOTING ON THE THEORY THAT WE'RE GOING TO HAVE MORE GRIDLOCK. SO I THINK DAVID IS RIGHT ON THAT. ON THE IMMIGRATION FRONT, I THINK I SEE IT SLIGHTLY DIFFERENTLY THAN DAVID WHICH IS, IN FACT, THE PRESIDENT MADE TWO VERY POWERFUL POINTS LAST NIGHT. THE FIRST IS THE HUMANITARIAN POINT ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF JUST ALLOWING THIS SITUATION TO FESTER WHICH BOTH OF US OBVIOUSLY FEEL IS A PROBLEM. THE SECOND IS TO PUT WHAT HE DID IN CONTEXT OF WHAT PRESIDENTS, REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRAT, HAVE DONE BEFORE ON IMMIGRATION, AND SO THEN I THINK YOU'RE A LITTLE BIT OVERSTATING THE CASE OF THE PRESIDENT OVERSTEPPING HIS EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY. THE FINAL THING THAT WAS IMPORTANT WAS WHAT THE PRESIDENT SAID A, NOT JUST WHAT HE DID. THEY DIDN'T JUST HAVE THE TEN LEGAL SCHOLARS. WE CAN ARGUE HOW MANY LEGAL SCHOLARS EACH SIDE HAD. THEY PUT OUT A MEMO FROM THE OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL EXPLAINING THE LEGALITY OF WHAT THE PRESIDENT DID. THAT DOESN'T MEAN IT WAS A GOOD IDEA. I HAVE CONCERNS ABOUT WHAT I CALL THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRUDENCE OF WHAT HE DID. I HAVE FEWER DOUBTS OF LEGALITY. MY CONCERN IS HOW FUTURE PRESIDENTS WILL USE THIS PRECEDENT TO DO OTHER THINGS, TO IGNORE OTHER LAWS. BUT ON IMMIGRATION, MAYBE THE TIME JUST HAD TO COME TO ACT.

>> Woodruff: SHOULD MORE TO HAVE THE FOCUS BE ON THE CONSTITUTION QUESTION AND LEGALITY OR MORE OF THE FOCUS BE ON, OKAY, IT'S HAPPENED, LET'S DEAL WITH IT POLITICALLY?

>> FIRST, I THINK IT SHOULD BE ON THE CONSTITUTION. THERE ARE TWO ISSUES, ONE IS THE STATUS OF THE 5 MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE AFFECTED AND ON THE SUBSTANCE I'M TOTALLY WITH THE PRESIDENT ON THAT. BUT THE LARGER ISSUE IS DO PEOPLE HAVE FAITH IN THE GOVERNMENT, DOES OUR LEGISLATIVE PROCESS FUNCTION? THE CONSTITUTION IS NOT JUST A LEGAL ARGUMENT. IT IS A SET OF NORMS AND PRACTICES AND IT'S A POLITICAL DOCUMENT, AND IT SEEMS TO REPRESENTED THE SPIRIT OF THE POLITICS OF THE DON'T TO GO THROUGH THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS.

>> IN TERMS OF FAITH IN GOVERNMENT, DAVID, I HAVE TO ARGUE WITH YOU A LITTLE BIT, THOUGH I SHARE YOUR CONCERNS WHEN PEOPLE SEE GOVERNMENT NOT FUNCTIONING, THEIR CONCERN IS NOT WHAT THE CHECKS AND BALANCES ARE BETWEEN THE BALANCES, MAYBE IT SHOULD BE, BUT THEIR CONCERN IS THERE IS A PROBLEM, AN INJUSTICE, A HEALTHCARE PORTAL THAT DOESN'T WORK, WE WANT TO SEE THAT WORK. THERE ARE PEOPLE FLOWING THROUGH THE BORDER. THEY WANT GOVERNMENT TO ACT AND ACT EFFECTIVELY. HERE, I THINK, YOU COULD MAKE AN ARGUMENT THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS ACTING IN A WAY TO RESTORE SOME FAITH IN THE ABILITY OF GOVERNMENT TO RECTIFY INJUSTICES.

>> NO, I DISAGREE WITH THAT. WE DON'T HAVE A GOVERNMENT OF A DICTATORSHIP. WE DON'T HAVE A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM. SO YOU DON'T GET ONE PERSON SAYING MY WAY TORE THE HIGHWAY.

>> OF COURSE, YOU DON'T. THE QUESTION, THOUGH, IS HE DOES HAVE THIS DOCUMENT FROM THE OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL. THEIR JOB IS TO SORT OF SERVE PRESIDENTS OF BOTH PARTIES. THEY TELL HIM, YOU CAN DO THIS AND THIS, YOU CAN'T GO THIS FAR, YOU CAN'T HELP THE FAMILIES OF THE DREAMERS. HE STUCK BY THAT. SO I KIND OF HAVE A HARD TIME COMPLETELY DINGING HIM THE WAY YOU DO.

>> HIS FIRST THREE YEARS WERE BASICALLY THE OPPOSITE POSITION OF WHAT HE HAS NOW, AT LEAST SEMI. WE HAVE ONE DAY WHERE MAYBE 5 MILLION PEOPLE GET HELPED, BUT WE'RE NOW GOING TO LIVE WITH ANOTHER TWO YEARS WHERE ON A ZILLION OTHER ISSUES NOTHING WILL HAPPEN.

>> WAS ANYTHING GOING TO HAPPEN ANYWAY?

>> POTENTIALLY. A COUPLE OF THINGS ON PATTON REFORM, BORING BUT IMPORTANT, MAYBE TAX REFORM AND THERE WAS A SINCERE ATTEMPT BY THE REPUBLICANS, NOT ONLY OUT OF THE GOODNESS OF THEIR HEARTS BUT TO HAVE A BUDGET PROCESS THAT WORKED AND CONGRESSIONAL PROCESS THAT LOOKED NORMAL WHERE BILLS WENT INTO COMMITTEE, OUT TO THE FLOOR. THAT PROBABLY WON'T HAPPEN NOW.

>> Woodruff: YOU'RE BLAMING IT ON THE PRESIDENT?

>> NOT ONLY ON THE PRESIDENT. I'M GOING TO BE PESSIMISTIC IN THE SENSE WASHINGTON IS AND WAS AND WILL REMAIN GRID LOCKED WHETHER OR NOT THE PRESIDENT DID. THIS I WILL -- DID THIS. I WILL ALSO ARGUE ALL THE VOICE THAT GAVE THE REPUBLICANS AN INTEREST SAYING THEY COULD GOVERN AND PASS LAWS AND BE FACE OF THIS ACTION. I WOULD POINT TO GETTING TRADE AGREEMENTS PASSED. THERE THE PRESIDENT DISAGREES WITH THEt( BASIC AUTHORITY. HE CAN MAKE A COALITION WITH THE REPUBLICANS. THERE ARE STILL REASONS ON GETTING THE NORMAL BUDGET PROCESS DONE TO ACTUALLY AT LEAST HOPE FOR SOME PROGRESS.

>> Woodruff: IT ISN'T A DISAGREEMENT JUST WITH REPUBLICANS ON HOW TO DEAL WITH THIS. SOME ARE READY TO SLAM THE DOOR AND SAYING WE'RE NOT DOING ANYTHING, WE'RE GOING TO SUE AND IMPEACH THE PRESIDENT. OTHERS ARE SAYING, NO, WE RECOGNIZE THIS HAS HAPPENED AND THERE ARE THINGS WE WANT TO DO BUSINESS ON.

>> RIGHT. I THINK THE MICHELE BACHMANN'S OF THE WORLD, I DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY WANT TO DO, CHOP OFF NEW YORK AND ILLINOIS AND END IT TO ANOTHER COMPANY OR SOMETHING. BUT THE JOHN BOEHNERS DON'T WANT THAT TO HAPPEN. THEY WON'T FUND A SHUTDOWN. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IS A MUCH MORE ESTABLISHMENT PARTY, THE LEADERSHIP IS BACK IN CONTROL. BUT THEY WILL HAVE TO DO SOMETHING AND THEY WILL HAVE TO CHANGE THEIR POSTURE AND THEIR CONFRONTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT OVER THE BUDGET ISSUES THE TO COME WILL JUST BE MORE HOSTILE BECAUSE THE FOR FAT OF HOSTILITY HAS INCREASED.

>> Woodruff: MEANWHILE THEY'RE SUING THE PRESIDENT OVER HEALTHCARE, THE LAWSUIT THREATENED MONTHS AGO WHICH IS FINALLY UNDERWAY.

>> MY ATTITUDE IS FINE, GO AHEAD AND SUE. IT'S NOT GOING ANYWHERE, I'M SORRY TO SAY. THERE'S A LOT OF RULES THAT COURTS SAY THAT BASICALLY WE DON'T WANT TO GET INVOLVED IN REFEREEING DISPUTES BETWEEN THE TWO BRANCHES, BUT IF THAT DRAINS OFF SOME OF THE ENERGY, GO AHEAD, NOT ONLY SUE HIM OVER HEALTHCARE BUT THIS, TOO.

>> LAWYERS ARE ALWAYS FOR SUITS. (LAUGHTER)

>> Woodruff: ALL RIGHT, 2016. WE WANT TO SHOW EVERYBODY AT LEAST ONE PERSON CAME OUT IN SUPPORT OF THE PRESIDENT, FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY CLINTON WHO TWEETED JUST AN HOUR OR TWO BEFORE THE PRESIDENT'S REMARKS, SHE SAID THANKS TO PODUS FOR TAKING ACTION ON IMMIGRATION AS OPPOSED TO INACTION. NOW LET'S TURN TO PERMANENT BIPARTISAN REFORM. 2016, DAVID, EVERYBODY EXPECTS SHE'S GOING TO RUN. BUT MY QUESTION IS ABOUT REPUBLICANS, HOW MUCH ARE THEY HURT OR ARE THEY BY TAKING THIS VERY ANTI-POSITION ON IMMIGRATION?

>> IN 2016, THEY AREN'T HEART. MAYBE IN 2024 OR 2030, BUT NOT NOW. THE AMERICAN WHITES ARE OVERWHELMINGLY REPUBLICAN.

>> MIDTERM. TRUE. SO THEY WILL BE HURT BUT NOT RUINOUS THING THAT IT WILL BE IN THE YEARS TO COME. THEY STILL HAVE THE PROBLEM, BUT I DON'T THINK IT WILL BE CRUCIAL IN THIS PRESIDENTIAL RACE.

>> IT CAN'T MAKE IT EASIER. THE QUESTION THAT'S GOING TO BE ASKED IS WILL YOU RESCIND WHAT THE PRESIDENT DID TO HELP 5 MILLION PEOPLE, SOUM OF WHOM ARE CHILDREN AND SPOUSES AND EVERYTHING WILL BE ABLE TO VOTE AND THEY'RE ALL GOING TO HAVE TO SAY, YES, I WILL RESCIND IT AND THEY WILL SPEAK TO EXPLAIN HOW QUICKLY THEY'LL RESCIND IT. THAT WON'T BE GOOD FOR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. MEANWHILE, THERE WILL BE PRESSURE ON THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES. HILLARY CLINTON HAD BEEN UNDER PRESSURE FOR SOME HISPANIC GROUPS TO PRESS THE PRESIDENT TO ACT BEFORE THE ELECTION. I THINK SHE'LL BE ASKED WILL YOU GO FURTHER, WHAT MORE WILL YOU DO.

>> Woodruff: LET'S LOOK AT THIS. YOU'VE ALREADY GOT REPUBLICANS. ONLY TWO WEEKS SINCE THE MIDTERMS. YOU HAVE REPUBLICANS TALKING ABOUT AND PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT WHETHER THEY'RE GOING TO RUN, JEB BUSH, JOHN KASICH WON BY 30 POINTS IN OHIO, REELECTION. ARE WE BEGINNING TO SEE THE SHAPE OF WHO MAY RUN ON THE REPUBLICAN SIDE? WE KNOW ON THE DEMOCRATIC SIDE JIM WEBB, FORMER UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM VIRGINIA FORMED AN EXPLORATORY COMMITTEE. I DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH A THREAT YOU THINK HE IS.

>> ON THEUP ARE SIDE THE GREAT AND GOOD ARE HOPING FOR JEB BUSH, VERY PRO IMMIGRATION. JOHJOHNJOHN KASICH HAS BEEN UNDD ABOUT. HE KNOWS WASHINGTON WELL, WAS A SENIOR OFFICIAL, CONGRESSMAN, A VERY SUCCESSFUL GOVERNOR, VERY POPULAR WON BY HUGE MARGINS IN THE SWING STATES, HAS STRONG CONNECTIONS AMONG RELIGIOUS CONSERVATIVES, IS JUST QUIRKY ENOUGH FOR A COUNTRY THAT'S ANGRY BUT ESTABLISHMENT FOR A COUNTRY WHO DOESN'T WANT A CRAZY PERSON. THE MO YOU THINK ABOUT JOHN KASICH, THE MORE WELL POSITIONED HE IS. WEBB IS JACKS I DON' JACKSONIAN. I'M NOT SURE IF THERE ARE ANY OF THOSE LEFT. HE WOULD RUN TO THE RIGHT OF HILLARY.

>> Reporter: DO YOU SEE ANY OUTLINES OUT THERE?

>> KASICH IS INTERESTING ESPECIALLY IF JEB BUSH DECIDES NOT THE RUN, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY COULD DO WELL TO THINK SERIOUSLY ABOUT JOHN KASICH. SAID PRO THINGS ABOUT IMMIGRATION EVEN THIS WEEK AT THE REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR'S ASSOCIATION. SUPPORTS COMMON CORE. EXPANDED MEDICAID IN HIS STATE. THOSE ARE SOME PRETTY INTERESTING POSITIONS FOR A REPUBLICAN. JIM WEBB, IF I WERE HILLARY CLINTON, I WOULD LOSE NOT A NANOSECOND OF SLEEP ABOUT JIM WEBB. I THINK A MAN WHO WROTE AN ARTICLE CALLED "WOMEN CAN'T FIGHT" ALBEIT IN 1979, WHO SUPPORTED DON'T ASK DON'T TELL IN 2006, IS NOT GOING TO BE THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY'S NOMINEE.

>> Woodruff: SOMEBODY REMEMBERS ALL THIS.

>> SOMEBODY DOES.

>> Woodruff: IT'S RUTH MARCUS. (LAUGHTER)

>> THAT'S BECAUSE I CAN FIGHT.

>> Woodruff: YOU CERTAINLY CAN. AND DAVID BROOKS, WE THANK YOU. (LAUGHTER)

>> THANK YOU. TOMORROW, WE HAVE THE STORYzp0@& NEW LAW GRANTING TRIBAL COURTS JURISDICTION OVER DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.

>> LISA SAYS THAT AS AN ADULT SHE NEVER WENT TO THE POLICE AND THAT MUCH OF THAT HAS TO DO WITH THE FACT THAT SOME OF THE MEN WHO ATTACKED HER WERE NON-NATIVE, NOT AMERICAN INDIANS.

>> I KNEW AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT I HAD BEEN RAPED AND VICTIMIZED AND WHATNOT AND DIDN'T TRY TO REPORT IT BECAUSE I KNEW NOTHING WOULD EVER HAPPEN. I KNEW NOTHING WOULD BE DONE.

>> WHEN YOU HAVE THE COMBINATION OF THE SILENCE THAT COMES FROM VICTIMS WHO LIVE IN FEAR AND A LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY BY OUTSIDE JURISDICTIONS TO PROSECUTE THAT CRIME, YOU'VE CREATED THE PERFECT STORM FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT, WHICH IS EXACTLY WHAT ALL THE STATISTICS WOULD BEAR OUT.

>> Woodruff: THAT'S SATURDAY'S SIGNATURE PIECE ON PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND. AND WE'LL BE BACK RIGHT HERE ON MONDAY THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. HAVE A GREAT WEEKEND. THANK YOU AND GOOD NIGHT.

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