PBS NewsHour; August 5, 2020, 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT

- ♪ - JUDY: GOOD EVENING. - I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. - ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, THE - PANDEMIC'S IMPACT. - AS DEATHS MOUNT AT HOME AND - ABROAD, THE BIDEN CAMPAIGN - ANNOUNCES HE WON'T ATTEND THE - DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION IN PERSON, - DUE TO CONCERNS OVER COVID-19. - THEN, THE AFTERMATH. - BEIRUT TAKES STOCK OF THE DAMAGE - WROUGHT BY A MASSIVE EXPLOSION - AS THE DEATH TOLL RISES AND - QUESTIONS REMAIN. - AND, DEFUNDING POLICE. - THE EFFORT TO RE-IMAGINE PUBLIC - SAFETY IN MINNEAPOLIS FACES - HURDLES AS THE CITY SEES SPIKES - IN VIOLENT CRIME AND A - DETERIORATION OF - POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS. - >> RIGHT NOW, ALL WE REALLY HAVE - IN TERMS OF PUBLIC SAFETY IS ONE

- SYSTEM, AND THAT IS POLICING. - PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE SCARED TO - CREATE A NEW SYSTEM OF EMERGENCY - RESPONSE AND I THINK IT'S GOING - TO TAKE A LOT OF CONVERSATIONS. - JUDY: ALL THAT AND MORE ON - TONIGHT'S "PBS NEWSHOUR." - ♪ - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE "PBS - NEWSHOUR" HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY - -- - ♪ - >> CONSUMER CELLULAR. - JOHNSON & JOHNSON. - FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM RAYMOND - JAMES. - THE WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE CENTENNIAL - COMMISSION. - >> SUPPORTING SOCIAL - ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR - SOLUTIONS TO THE WORLD'S MOST

- PRESSING PROBLEMS. - >> THE LENDL SON -- ON THE WEB. - SUPPORTED BY THE MACARTHUR - FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO A MORE - JUST AND PEACEFUL WORLD. - AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF - THESE INSTITUTIONS. - THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE - BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC - BROADCASTING AND BY - CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU. - JUDY: NEW MILESTONES TONIGHT IN - THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. - IN PUBLIC HEALTH, THE WORLD HAS - TOPPED 700,000 DEATHS. - IN POLITICS, DEMOCRAT JOE BIDEN - HAS DECIDED AGAINST ACCEPTING - HIS PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION AT

- THE PARTY'S NATIONAL CONVENTION - IN MILWAUKEE. - AND, PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS HE - MIGHT GIVE HIS ACCEPTANCE SPEECH - AT THE WHITE HOUSE. - ALL OF THIS COMES AMID A - RESURGENCE OF THE VIRUS. - BUT TODAY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE - EXPERT DR. ANTHONY FAUCI - DISMISSED TALK OF A NEW - SHUTDOWN. - DR. FAUCI: WE CAN DO MUCH BETTER - WITHOUT LOCKING DOWN. - AND I THINK THAT STRANGE BINARY - APPROACH -- EITHER YOU LOCK - DOWN, OR YOU LET IT ALL FLY. - THERE'S SOMEPLACE IN THE MIDDLE - WHERE WE CANPEN THE ECONOMY - AND STILL AVOID THESE KIND OF - SURGES THAT WE'RE SEEING. - JUDY: MEANWHILE, THE WHITE HOUSE - AND CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS - NEGOTIATED AGAIN ON A NEW - ECONOMIC RELIEF PACKAGE. - THE PRESIDENT'S CHIEF OF STAFF - SAID MR. TRUMP MAY TAKE - EXECUTIVE ACTION ON UNEMPLOYMENT - BENEFITS AND EVICTION - PROTECTIONS, IF THERE'S NO - SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS BY FRIDAY. - OUR OTHER MAJOR STORY IS IN - BEIRUT, LEBANON, THE AFTERMATH

- OF A CATACLYSMIC EXPLOSION THAT - KILLED AT LEAST 135 PEOPLE AND - INJURED 5,000. - SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT JANE - FERGUSON REPORTED FOR US FOR - YEARS FROM BEIRUT, AND HAS - TONIGHT'S REPORT ON A CITY - SHATTERED. - JANE: IT BEGAN WITH A FIRE AT - THE PORT, AND THEN, AN EXPLOSION - SO GREAT IT CREATED A RED - MUSHROOM CLOUD, AND A SHOCKWAVE - THAT ROARED THROUGH THE ENTIRE - CITY. - ON THE CITY'S STREETS, EVERYDAY - LIFE SHATTERED THE WEDDING PHOTO - SHOOT TURNS TO DISASTER. - AND A PRIEST PERFORMING MASS, - RUNS FOR SAFETY. - >> OH MY GOD, IT'S ALL GONE. - JANE: RESIDENTS RETURNING TO - THEIR APARTMENTS FOUND - BLASTED-OUT WINDOWS AND - GLASS-COVERED STREETS. - 72-YEAR-OLD JANITOR BOULOS TOUMA - WAS STANDING OUTSIDE HIS - APARTMENT WHEN THE EXPLOSION - THREW HIM BACK INSIDE. - >> I SAW MY WIFE COVERED IN

- BLOOD, HIT ON HER HEAD, HER - EARS. - MY WIFE HAS HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. - EVERYONE WAS WORRYING ABOUT - THEIR OWN CONDITION. - JANE: HOSPITALS ALREADY OVERRUN - WITH CORONAVIRUS PATIENTS AND - PARTIALLY DESTROYED, WERE - FLOODED WITH THE BLOODIED BODIES - OF THE WALKING WOUNDED, AND - THOSE CARRIED BYTHERS. - >> I JUST WAS SHOUTING, IS MY - DAUGHTER OK? - I GOT TO MY APARTMENT, WHICH WAS - UNRECOGNIZABLE WITH NO DOOR, AND - , I SAW MY DAUGHTER AT THE - BEGINNING HAD TWO GASHES ON HER - LEG AND WAS NAKED AND WRAPPED IN - A TOWEL, WITH MY HUSBAND - APPLYING PRESSURE. - JANE: DR. SEEMA JILANI IS AN - EMERGENCY ROOM DOCTOR FROM TEXAS - WORKING IN BEIRUT. - SHE SPENT THE HOSPITAL RIDE - SINGING TO COMFORT HER - FOUR-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER. - >> I'VE WORKED IN AREAS OF - CONFLICT LIKE IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN - AND GAZA. - WHAT I SAW YESTERDAY WAS ON THE - SCALE OF THAT, IF NOT MORE, IN - MY PARTICULAR PERSONAL - EXPERIENCE. - I HAVE NEVER EXPERIENCED - SOMETHING LIKE THIS.

- MY EARS ARE STILL RINGING. - JANE: LEBANESE SECURITY - OFFICIALS HAVE SAID NEARLY 3000 - TONS OF THE FERTILIZER AMMONIUM - NITRATE WAS STORED IN THE PORT. - IT'S HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE AND CAN BE - USED FOR MAKING IMPROVISED - BOMBS. - IT HAD BEEN THERE FOR SIX YEARS, - AFTER BEING CONFISCATED FROM A - SHIP. - A LEVEL OF MISMANAGEMENT HARD TO - COMPREHEND. - TODAY LEBANESE PRESIDENT MICHAEL - AOUN VISITED THE BLAST SITE. - IN A SPEECH LATER IN THE DAY, - AOUN PROMISED JUSTICE. - >> WE ARE DETERMINED TO - INVESTIGATE AND REVEAL WHAT - HAPPENED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, TO - ND OUT PUNISHMENT TO THOSE - RESPONSIBLE. - JANE: THE PORT IS A LIFELINE FOR - A CITY AND A COUNTRY ALREADY IN - THE GRIP OF AN ECONOMIC - COLLAPSE, THE RESULT OF YEARS OF - CORRUPT LEADERSHIP. - THE LARGE WHITE BUILDINGS HERE, - HALF-DESTROYED, ARE GRAIN SILOS, - HOLDING THE COUNTRY'S PRECIOUS - SUPPLIES OF WHEAT, NEEDED TO - PROVIDE SUBSIDIZED BREAD TO - MILLIONS. - LEBANON'S PEOPLE HAVE BEEN

- STRUGGLING TO BUY FOOD IN THE - MIDST OF CURRENCY COLLAPSE AND - HYPERINFLATION. - NOW, IN A COUNTRY WHERE 50% OF - THE POPULATION HAVE SLIPPED - BELOW THE POVERTY LINE, THE LOSS - OF GRAIN SUPPLIES ONLY ADDS TO - THIS CATASTROPHE. - PANICKED FAMILIES ARE STILL - DESPERATELY TRYING TO FIND - LOVED ONES. - THIS INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT HOLDS - PAINFUL PLEAS FOR ANY - INFORMATION. - MANY OF THESE PEOPLE WORKED AT - THE PORT. - AN ENTIE TEAM OF FIREFIGHTERS - THAT RUSHED TOHE INITIAL BLAZE - IS MISSING. - FOR DR. JILANI, SHE'S GRATEFUL - SHE HAS HER DAUGHTER BACK IN HER - ARMS, SAFE. - >> THE MAIN THING IS SHE IS OUT - OF THE HOSPITAL, SHE IS STABLE, - SHE IS NOT NEEDING OXYGEN, AND - SHE IS BACK TO HER FEISTY SELF. - SO THE MOMENTS THAT YOU USED TO - CURSE AS A MOTHER, THOSE MOMENTS - OF TANTRUMS, ARE JOYFUL NOW, - WHEN YOU HEAR YOUR CHILD'S CRY. - IT IS A JOY NOW. - JANE: THE LEBANESE SCRIBED AS - RESILIENT, HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO

- LIVE THROUGH YET ANOTHER - TRAGEDY, AND TRY TO MEND THEIR - HOMES AND THEIR LIVES. - FOR THE "PBS NEWSHOUR," I AM - JANE FERGUSON. - ♪ - STEPHANIE: I AM STEPHANIE SY - WITH NEWSHOUR WEST. - WE WILL RETURN TO JUDY WOODRUFF - AND THE FULL PROGRAM AFTER THE - LATEST HEADLINES. - IN ELECTION NEWS, PROGRESSIVE - MCGRATH SCORED KEY WINS IN - TUESDAY'S PRIMARIES. - INETROIT, FIRST-TERM - CONGRESSWOMAN RASHIDA TLAIB WON - RENOMINATION OVER CITY COUNCIL - PRESIDENT BRENDA JONES. - IN MISSOURI, BLACK LIVES MATTER - ACTIVIST CORI BUSH BEAT LONGTIME - CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM LACY CLAY. - WE'LL TALK WITH TWO POLITICAL - OBSERVORS ABOUT WHAT'S ON THE - MIND OF AMERICAN VOTERS, AFTER - THE NEWS SUMMARY. - A FORMER U.S. DEPUTY ATTORNEY - GENERAL DEFENDED THE OBAMA - ADMINISTRATION'S PROBE OF THE

- TRUMP 2016 CAMPAIGN. - THE INVESTIGATION INVOLVED - MICHAEL FLYNN, WHO BECAME - NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER, AND - HIS CONTACTS WITH RUSSIA, DURING - THE TRUMP TRANSITION. - AT A SENATE HEARING, SALLY YATES - SAID FLYNN WAS TRYING TO - NEUTRALIZE SANCTIONS AGAINST - RUSSIA. - SHE REJECTED CLAIMS THAT - PRESIDENT OBAMA WANTED TO - SABOTAGE MR. TRUMP. - >> SOMETHING LIKE THAT WOULD - HAVE SET OFF ALARMS FOR ME AND - IT WOULD HAVE STUCK OUT BOTH AT - THE TIME AND IN MY MEMORY. - NO SUCH THING HAPPENED. - THE PRESIDENT WAS FOCUSED - ENTIRELY ON THE NATIONAL - SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF SHARING - SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE - INFORMATION WITH GENERAL FLYNN - DURING THE TRANSITIONAL PROCESS - THAT WAS OBVIOUSLY ALREADY - UNDERWAY. - STEPHANIE: THE FLYNN PROBE LATER - BECAME A FULL-BLOWN - INVESTIGATION OF RUSSIAN - INTERFERENCE IN THE 2016 - ELECTION. - FACEBOOK HAS REMOVED A POST BY - PRESIDENT TRUMP FOR THE FIRST - TIME. - VIDEO FROM THE POST WAS PART OF

- A FOX AND FRIENDS INTERVIEW - WHERE TRUMP SAID CHILDREN ARE - VIRTUALLY IMMUNE TO COVID-19 P - THE SOCIAL MEDIA COMPANY SAID - THE POST VIOLATED ITS RULES - AGAINST SHARING THIS INFORMATION - ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS. - A SPOKESPERSON FOR THE TRUMP - CAMPAIGN RESPONDED, SAYING, THE - PRESIDENT WAS STATING A FACT - THAT CHILDREN ARE LESS - SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE VIRUS AND SHE - BLAMED SILICON VALLEY'S FLAGRANT - BIAS AGAINST THE PRESIDENT. - THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT'S - ACTING INSPECTOR GENERAL STEPHEN - AKARD HAS RESIGNED LESS THAN - THREE MONTHS INTO THE JOB. - AKARD'S PREDECESSOR, STEPHEN - LINICK, WAS FIRED LESS THAN - THREE MONTHS AGO. - CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS ALLEGE - IT'S BECAUSE LINICK WAS - INVESTIGATING SECRETARY OF STATE - MIKE POMPEO OVER CLAIMS THAT HE - HAD STAFFERS PERFORM PERSONAL - ERRANDS. - WHICH POMPEO DENIED. - REPORTS FROM SOUTH KOREA SAY - DEADLY EXPLOSIONS IN NORTH KOREA - KILLED OR INJURED DOZENS OF - PEOPLE ON MONDAY NEAR THE - CHINESE BORDER. - VIDEO OBTAINED BY THE ASSOCIATED - PRESS SHOWS FLAMES AND BLACK - SMOKE FIRING INTO THE SKY AMID

- LOUD BANGS. - THE REPORT SAY PROPANE GAS - CYLINDERS MAY HAVE EXPLODED IN A - RESIDENTIAL AREA. - IN INDIA, PRIME MINISTER - NARENDRA MODI BROKE GROUND TODAY - FOR A CONTROVERSIAL HINDU TEMPLE - WHERE A 16TH CENTURY MOSQUE ONCE - STOOD. - HINDU EXTREMISTS TORE DOWN THE - MOSQUE IN AYODHYA IN 1992, AND - 2,000 PEOPLE DIED IN THE ENSUING - VIOLENCE. - TODAY, WORSHIPPERS DANCED IN - CELEBRATION AS MODI OFFERED - FOUNDATIONAL STONES FOR THE - TEMPLE. - IT WILL BE DEDICATED TO THE - HINDU GOD "RAM." - AND, LEGENDARY NEW YORK CITY - COLUMNIST AND AUTHOR PETE HAMILL - DIED TODAY AT A BROOKLYN - HOSPITAL. - HE'D SUFFERED HEART AND KIDNEY - FAILURE. - FOR DECADES, HAMILL'S - STORY-TELLING CAPTURED THE COLOR - AND ESSENCE OF THE CITY, ON - EVERYTHING FROM POLITICS TO - CIVIL RIGHTS TO SPORTS. - PETE HAMILL WAS 85 YEARS OLD. - STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR," - WITH THE PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATING - CONVENTIONS JUST DAYS AWAY, WE - HEAR WHAT VOTERS IN THE

- HEARTLAND ARE SAYING IN THIS - ELECTION SEASON. - FORMER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE - WILLIAM PERRY ON WHY THE - PRESIDENT SHOULDN'T HAVE THE - SOLE AUTHORITY TO ORDER A - NUCLEAR STRIKE. - MINNEAPOLIS STRUGGLES AS IT - TRIES TO DEFUND THE POLICE AND - REIMAGINE PUBLIC SAFETY. - AND MUCH MORE. - >> THIS IS THE "PBS NEWSHOUR" - FROM WETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON - AND FROM THE WEST, FROM THE - WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF - JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE - UNIVERSITY. - JUDY: AT A FUNDRAISING EVENT - TODAY JOE BIDEN TOLD SUPPORTERS - , HE HOPED HIS DECISION TO FORGO - AN - IN-PERSON APPEARANCE AT THE - DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION - WOULD SET AN EXAMPLE. - I AM QUOTING FROM THE START OF - , THE PROCESS, WE'VE MADE IT - CLEAR, SCIEN MATTERS. - HE SAID THE CORONAVIRUS HAS - UPENDED NOT ONLY THIS - PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN SEASON, - BUT ALSO MILLIONS OF LIVES IN - EVEN THE MOST RURAL PARTS OF THE

- COUNTRY. - FOR MORE ON HOW VOTERS OUTSIDE - THE BELTWAY ARE THINKING ABOUT - THE PANDEMIC AND ITS POLITICAL - RAMIFICATIONS, I'M JOINED BY - GARY ABERNATHY, IN HILLSBORO - OHIO. - HE IS A CONTRIBUTING COLONIST - FOR THE WASHINGTON POST. - AND, SARAH SMARSH, IN TOPEKA, - KANSAS. - SHE'S A FREELANCE JOURNALIST AND - AUTHOR OF THE BOOK "HEARTLAND." - WELCOME TO BOTH OF YOU, IT IS - GREAT TO SEE YOU. - LET'S START BY TALKING ABOUT, - WHAT IS ON THE MINDS OF VOTERS - YOU ARE HEARING FROM? - THE PANDEMIC, THE NUMBERS WERE - GRIM AGAIN TODAY, OVER 1300 - DEATHS WERE REPORTED OVERNIGHT, - SOMETHING LIKE 53,000 NEW CASES - IN ONE DAY. - WHAT ARE VOTERS SAYING? - SARAH: HERE IN MY STATE OF - KANSAS, THIS IS ONE OF THE - STATES WHERE NEW CASES ARE ON - THE UPTAKE, UNFORTUNATELY. - IN THIS REGION LIKE ACROSS THE - COUNTRY, IT IS CERTAIN THE - PANDEMIC IS FOREMOST ON VOTER'S

- MINDS. - IT IS A TWIN ISSUE WITH THE - ECONOMY, THE PRESENT STATE OF - WHICH WE CANNOT SEPARATE FROM - THE PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS. - CERTAINLY THE PANDEMIC AND ITS - RAMIFICATIONS IS THE TALK ON - MAIN STREET, AS WELL AS THE - STUFF OF LOCAL POLITICS HERE IN - KANSAS, WHICH HAS A SPLIT PARTY - CONTROL OF STATE GOVERNMENT, A - LOT OF BACK-AND-FORTH, BATTLES - BETWEEN A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR - AND REPUBLICAN LEGISLATURE, - DEMOCRATIC MAYORS AND - REPUBLICAN-LEANING COUNTIES. - IT FEELS I SUSPECT THE WAY IT - FEELS AND THE REST OF THE - COUNTRY, THAT THERE IS NO - LEADERSHIP AND IT IS A BIT OF A - MESS. - JUDY: GARY, WHAT ABOUT WHERE YOU - ARE IN SOUTHERN OHIO? - GARY: THANKS FOR HAVING ME. - MAYBE A LITTLE DIFFERENT - ATTITUDE HERE. - PEOPLE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE

- PANDEMIC. - THEY TAKE IT SERIOUSLY, BUT IT - IS ALSO AN AREA WHERE YOU HAVE A - LOT OF PEOPLE PUSH BACK, WORRIED - ABOUT THE VIOLATION OF THEIR - CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. - THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF PUSHBACK - IN THIS AREA ON MANDATES FROM - GOVERNOR DEWINE ABOUT THE MASKS - AND SO ON, WHICH PEOPLE TAKE - SERIOUSLY, BUT THEY ALSO THINK - CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES HAVE - MAYBE NOT BEEN TAKEN AS - SERIOUSLY AS THEY COULD. - THEY DO NOT LIKE THE IDEA THEY - HAVE BEEN ORDERED NOT TO WORK. - THE ECONOMY HAS BEEN SHUT DOWN. - I THINK PEOPLE HERE, THEIR - ATTITUDE IS, TREAT US LIKE - ADULTS, GIVE US THE INFORMATION - WE SHOULD HAVE, TELL US WHAT THE - HEALTH EXPERTS SAY, AND LET US - DECIDE HOW TO DEAL WITH IT. - JUDY: SARAH, KANSA ARE YOU - HEARING THAT CONVERSATION WITH - PEOPLE YOU TALK TO? - HOW MUCH ARE THEY CONNECTING - WHAT IS GOING ON TO WHAT IS - HAPPENING IN WASHINGTON? - SARAH: I THINK THAT HERE THE - CONTROVERSY OVER WHETHER A MASK

- IS IN ORDER IN THESE TIMES - CERTAINLY TRACKS ALONG PARTY - LINES. - I WOULD SAY IF I GO TO A FARMERS - MARKET OR SOMEWHERE, A PUBLIC - PLACE OF COMMERCE, THIS IS A - STATE WHERE A GOVERNOR ATTEMPTED - TO MAKE A STATEWIDE MANDATE AND - THERE WAS PUSHBACK FROM OTHER - JURISDICTIONS. - THAT WAS THE DEBATE I WAS - REFERENCING A MOMENT AGO. - AT THE MOMENT, LOCAL PLACES ARE - AT THE MERCY OF THEIR LOCAL - GOVERNMENT. - WHAT I WOULD SAY IS, FOR THOSE - WHO FEEL A MASK INFRINGES UPON - THEIR PERSONAL LIBERTIES IN A - WAY THAT OUTWEIGHS THEIR - RESPONSIBILITY TO THEIR - NEIGHBORS, THEY ARE RELIABLY - CONSERVATIVE AND THAT TELLS M - THEY PROBABLY ARE LISTENING TO - MESSAGING FROM WASHINGTON. - ON THE OTHER HAND, I WOULD SAY - THAT IS NOT THE SAME AS SAYING - ALL CONSERVATIVES REFUSED TO - WEAR A MASK.

- THERE HAVE CERTAINLY BEEN SOME - EROSION OF FELLOWSHIP OF THE - PRESIDENT FOR THAT REASON. - JUDY: I WANT TO PICK UP THAT - WITH YOU, GARY, IN TERMS OF THE - ECONOMY, THE LOSS OF JOBS, TO - WHAT EXTENT DO THEY CONNECT IT - WITH DECISIONS MADE BY TRUMP, BY - DEMOCRATS? - GARY: I THINK, KEEP IN MIND I AM - IN PART OF A -- PART OF THE - COUNTRY THAT IS VERY PRO-TRUMP. - THEY SEE THINGS AS MORE OF AN - EFFORT TO INTENTIONALLY HURT - TRUMP THROUGH CLOSING THE - ECONOMY. - A FEW MONTHS AGO EVERYONE AGREED - THE BIGGEST THING TRUMP HAD - GOING FOR HIM WAS A STRONG - ECONOMY. - THE QUICK EFFORT TO CRASH IT, - TURN IT ON ITS HEAD, THROW - PEOPLE OUT OF WORK, IS SEEN HERE - BY A LOT OF PEOPLE, RIGHT OR - WRONG, AS AN EFFORT TO HURT - TRUMP, SO THERE IS RESISTANCE TO - THAT.

- ON THE OTHER HAND, AS REPORTED - ELSEWHERE, IN RURAL AREAS WE SEE - CORONAVIRUS CASES RISING, SO - PEOPLE ARE STARTING TO NOTICE. - OK, IT IS A REAL THING, NOT JUST - IN THE CITIES. - IT IS COMING TO THE RURAL AREAS, - TOO. - THE MORE THOSE NUMBERS RISE, A - LITTLE LESS THEY WILL BLAME IT - ALL ON A POLITICAL PERSON. - JUDY: TO BOTH OF YOU, WE ARE - GETTING CLOSER TO THE - CONVENTIONS, TO HONEST TO - GOODNESS ELECTION SEASON. - JOE BIDEN IS STAYING PUT, NOT - GOING TO HIS CONVENTION. - PRESIDENT TRUMP ISN'T, EITHER. - HOW MUCH ARE PEOPLE LOOKING AT - THE PARTISAN DIVIDE RIGHT NOW - AND THESE TWO CANDIDATES? - SARAH: IN CONTRAST TO FOUR YEARS - AGO IN THE ELECTION LEADING UP - TO THE 2016 CASTING OF VOTES, I - SEE FEWER TRUMP SIGNS, FOR - WHATEVER THAT IS WORTH, AS A - QUALITATIVE MEASURE, IN RURAL

- KANSAS WHERE I LIVE, AS WELL AS - IN TOWNSND CITIES. - THAT DOES NOT MEAN FOLKS HAVE - MOVED LEFT. - I SEE A LOT OF SIGNS FOR - FAR-RIGHT AND - CONSERVATIVE-LEANING CANDIDATES - RUNNING FOR STATE OFFICES OR - REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES. - WE JUST HAD A PRIMARY YESTERDAY. - THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE FOR THE - NOW YOU OPEN U.S. SENATE SEAT, - FAVORED BY ESTABLISHMENT - REPUBLICANS OVER THE MORE - EXTREMIST KRIS KOBACH, WON, - WHICH IS SEEN AS A WIN FOR - REPUBLICANS IN THAT RACE. - I DO FEEL LIKE THINGS HAVE - SHIFTED AWAY FROM EMBRACING - TRUMP SINCE 2016. - JUDY: GARY, HOW DO YOU SEE THE - TRUMP POPULARITY AND JOE BIDEN'S - PRESENCE NOW? - GARY: I AM SURE SARAH IS RIGHT

- ABOUT WHERE SHE IS AT, BUT RIGHT - HERE, THE YOUNG -- THE - ENTHUSIASM IS UNABATED. - THE SIGNS ARE UP AND HAVE BEEN - FOR A WHILE. - THE MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN - SIGNS HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY - TRUMP 2020 OR KEEP AMERICA - GREAT. - THE ENTHUSIASM LEVEL WILL BE - HIGH HERE IN SOUTHERN OHIO. - I THINK THE DECISION BY VICE - PRESIDENT BIDEN SO FAR TO RUN OF - HE WAS IN THE WHITE HOUSE, YOU - WOULD CALL IT A ROSE GARDEN - STRATEGY, CAN'T LAST FOR TOO - MUCH LONGER. - I THINK THE MEDIA WILL PRESSURE - HIM TO COME OUT MORE. - IN AREAS WHERE I AM AT, IT IS - NOT DOING ANYTHING. - JUDY: WE SHALL SEE. - WE ARE WATCHING THIS WITH GREAT - INTEREST, AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, AS - THIS VERY UNUSUAL ELECTION YEAR - UNFOLDS. - GARY ABERNATHY, SARAH SMARSH, - THANK YOU. - GARY: THANK YOU, JUDY. - ♪ - JUDY: STUART STEVENS -- STUART

- STEVENS IS ONE OF THE REPUBLICAN - PARTY'S MOST SUCCESSFUL ELECTION - CAMPAIGN STRATEGISTS. - HIS CAREER SPANS DECADES AND IN - HIS REVEALING NEW BOOK, "IT WAS - ALL A LIE: HOW THE REPUBLICAN - PARTY BECAME DONALD TRUMP," HE - ADMITS THE G.O.P HAS USED RACE - AS AN ISSUE TO DIVIDE AMERICANS, - IN ORDER TO WIN ELECTIONS. - AND STUART STEVENS JOINS US NOW. - THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR TALKING - WITH US. - THE BOOK IS JARRING. - I HAVE TO SAY, YOU WRITE ABOUT - HOW THE REPUBLICAN PARTY THE - LAST HALF-CENTURY, ITS - HYPOCRISY, WHAT YOU CALL - SELF-DELUSION, LET IT NATURALLY - TO EMBRACE DONALD TRUMP, AND - EMBRACED WHAT YOU SAID WAS ITS - RACISM. - EXPLAIN WHAT YOU MEANT. - STUART: THERE IS AN EISENHOWER - STRAIN GOING BACK TO THE 1950'S - AND A MCCARTHY STRAIN. - WE THINK WILLIAM BUCKLEY IS THIS - INTELLECTUAL SOUL OF THE

- REPUBLICAN PARTY, WHICH HE WAS, - BUT WE FORGET HE WAS A RACIST. - THERE HAS ALWAYS BEEN THIS - ELEMENT. - SINCE 1964, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY - FAILED TO ATTRACT LARGE NUMBERS - OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS. - WE USE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THIS AS A - FAILURE AND TALK ABOUT HOW TO - TRY TO CHANGE IT. - NOW, WE DO NOT HEAR ANY TALK - ANYMORE AND WE SEEM TO HAVE - SETTLED INTO A VERY COMFORTABLE - WHITE GRIEVANCE IDENTITY. - JUDY: YOU ACKNOWLEDGE YOU - YOURSELF WERE PART OF THIS. - YOU SETTING YOUR FIRST RACE YOU - PLAYED THE RACE CARD, SO TO - SPEAK. - THERE IS A LOT OF BLAME TO GO - AROUND, ISN'T THERE? - STUART: IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT - NOT TO BLAME OTHERS, BUT EXCEPT - RESPONSIBILITY FOR MYSELF. - PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY IS ONE - OF THE KEY ELEMENTS THAT DROVE - ME TO THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND - WE HAVE ABANDONED THAT, IT

- SEEMS. - MY FIRST RACE,, I MADE ADS LIKE - VOTER ID ADS, BUT INFORMED - AFRICAN-AMERICANS THERE WAS AN - AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN THE RACE. - IF YOU GO BACK AND READ A MEMO - WRITTEN TO NIXON THAT OUTLINED A - STRATEGY, THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT - THAT REPUBLICANS CANNOT GET - AFRICAN-AMERICANS, THEREFORE THE - NEED IS TO SUPPRESS THEM OR - DIVERT THEM FROM THE DEMOCRATIC - PARTY, HAS BEEN AT THE CORE OF - REPUBLICAN ELECTORAL STRATEGY. - JUDY: YOU WRITE ABOUT THAT AND - HOW WHAT YOU DESCRIBE IS THE - HYPOCRISY AROUND FAMILY VALUES - AND YOU NAME NAMES, NEWT - GINGRICH, JERRY FALWELL, - EVANGELICAL LEADERS, AND HOW - THIS CULMINATED IN THE EASY - ACCEPTANCE OF DONALD TRUMP. - STUART: I THINK DONALD TRUMP - EXPOSED THESE FAULT LINES IN THE - PARTY D MADE IT IMPSIBLE FOR - A LOT OF US TO DENY. - THE PARTY CLEARLY DOES NOT

- BELIEVE IN WHAT IT SAID IT - BELIEVED IN. - IF YOU GO BACK A FEW YEARS AGO, - WE WOULD HAVE SAID THERE ARE - BELIEFS, RESPONSIBILITY, - CHARACTER COUNTS, STRONG ON - PRESSURE, FISCAL SANITY, FREE - TRADE, PRO-LEGAL IMMIGRATION, - ALL OF THESE ARE BEDROCK - PRINCIPLES. - IT IS NOT THAT THE PARTY HAS - DRIFTED AWAY FROM THESE, THEY - ARE ACTIVELY AGAINST EACH OF - THESE PRINCIPLES. - JUDY: WHETHER IT IS FAMILY - VALUES OR RACE, YOUR POINT IS, - IT COMES DOWN TO SOME PRETTY - UGLY TRUTHS ABOUT THE PARTY YOU - SAY IS AN ENTITY THAT CANNOT BE - FIXED. - STUART: I REALLY HAVE GIVEN UP - HOPING THERE WILL BE SOME LINE - DONALD TRUMP COULD NOT CROSS. - SINCE I WROTE THIS BOOK, THAT - HAS ONLY BEEN REAFFIRMED. - BE IT RACE -- THE SAME WEEKEND

- MY HOME STATE OF MISSISSIPPI - TOOK DOWN T STATE FLAG, THE - CONFEDERATE ATUL FLAG, DONALD - TRUMP WAS DEFENDING IT. - HE IS OUT TWEETING WHITE POWER, - TWEETING ABOUT PROTECTG THE - WHITE SUBURBS. - FOR THE MOST PART THE REPUBLICAN - PARTY IS SILENT OR GOES ALONG - WITH IT. - THAT IS INCREDIBLY DAMNING. - TRUMPISM IS DEEPLY EMBEDDED IN - THE PARTY. - I DO NOT THINK THERE IS ANYWAY - THAT WILL BE CHANGED AT LEAST - FOR A GENERATION. - JUDY: WHAT HAPPENS NOW? - YOU AND OTHER REPUBLICANS WHO - ARE DEDICATED TO MAKING SURE - DONALD TRUMP IS NOT REELECTED, - YOU DON'T HAVE A HOME IN THE - PARTY ANYMORE. - WHERE'D YOU GO? - STUART: THOSE OF US WORKING ON - VARIOUS PROJECTS TO DEFEAT - TRUMP, EACH OF US WILL HAVE TO - COME TO GRIPS WITH THAT AND SEE - WHAT THE WORLD LOOKS LIKE ON - NOVEMBER 4. - FOR MYSELF, I WILL WORK WITH

- DEMOCRATS. - I THINK THE FUTURE OF AMERICA, - THE POLICY, WILL BE DECIDED BY - DECISIONS WITHIN THE DEMOCRATIC - PARTY. - TAKE HEALTH CARE FOR INSTANCE. - IN 20 YEARS, WILL AMERICA BE THE - ONLY ONE WITHOUT NATIONAL HEALTH - INSURANCE? - NO. - WHAT THAT IS GOING TO BE, NOT - DECIDED IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. - IT WILL BE DECIDED IN THE - DEMOCRATIC PARTY, WHETHER IT IS - THE AOC-BERNIE SANDERS OR MORE - OF JOE BIDEN WING. - THEY HAVE MADE THEMSELVES - IRRELEVANT TO THOSE DISCUSSIONS - BY SAYING NO. - I WOULD LIKE TO BE PART OF WHAT - IS HAPPENING. - JUDY: WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE - REPUBLICANS WHO CONTINUE TO - SUPPORT PRESIDENT TRUMP? - LINDSEY GRAHAM, MITCH MCCONNELL, - YOU COULD GO DOWN THE LIST. - STUART: MY FEELING IS,RUMP IS - GEORGE WALLACE. - GEORGE WALLACE DID SOME GOOD - THINGS AS GOVERNOR. - HE PASSED THREE TEXTBOOKS, BUT - HE IS NOT REMEMBERED THAT WAY.

- I THINK TRUMP WILL BE THE SAME. - I AM ASTOUNDED THERE IS NOT MORE - AWARENESS OF HOW TRUMP WILL BE - REMEMBERED, IN THE NEAR-TERM - FUTURE. - AND WHY THERE HAS NOT BEEN MORE - POSITION OR SELFISH - REALIZATION THAT IF I DO NOT - STAND UP TO DONALD TRUMP, I WILL - GO DOWN AS A TRUMP PERSON. - BUT IT HAS NOT HAPPENED AND THEY - ARE VERY COMFORTABLE WITH TRUMP - OBVIOUSLY AND THAT IS HOW IT - WILL BE REMEMBERED. - JUDY: WHAT DO YOU SAY TO THOSE - REPUBLICANS WHO HAVE WORKED WITH - YOU OVER MANY YEARS AND SAY HE - IS A TRAITOR TO THE CAUSE, HE - HAS FORGOTTEN ALL THE GOOD - THINGS WE DID TOGETHER? - STUART: MY FEELINGS ARE - CONTRADICTORY. - THEY ARE GOOD PEOPLE. - IF THESAW YOU WITH A FLAT - TIRE, THEY WOULD HELP YOU. - MY FEELING, THERE IS A

- COLLECTIVE FAILURE BY THE PARTY. - MOST OF US GO THROUGH LIFE - TRYING TO AVOID MORAL TESTS, BUT - DONALD TRUMP WAS A MORAL TEST WE - COULD NOT AVOID AND WE FAILED. - IT IS PARTICULARLY TRAGIC AND - THAT THIS GENERATION OF AMERICAN - POLITICIANS ARE HEIRS TO THE - GREATEST GENERATION. - MY DAD SPENT TWO YEARS IN THE - SOUTH PACIFIC. - SHOULD ENCOURAGE US STANDING UP - TO DONALD TRUMP. - THAT WAS THEIR LEGACY. - I THINK THEY BETRAYED THAT - LEGACY BY NOT STANDING UP FOR - THE PRINCIPLES THEY WERE FOR. - JUDY: THE BOOK WAS "IT WAS ALL A - LIE: HOW THE REPUBLICAN PARTY - BECAME DONALD TRUMP." - THINK YOU SO MUCH FOR TALKING - WITH US. - STUA: THANK YOU. - ♪ - JUDY: ON AUGUST 6, 1945, THE - UNITED STATES DROPPED THE FIRST - ATOMIC WEAPON ON HIROSHIMA,

- JAPAN. - IN THE COMING DAYS, WE WILL - EXAMINE THIS 75TH ANNIVERSARY, - THE BOMB'S IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH, - AND ITS LASTING LEGACY. - TODAY, NICK SCHIFRIN LOOKS AT - THE PRESIDENT'S SOLE AUTHORITY - TO LAUNCH SUCH A WEAPON, AND HOW - THAT AUTHORITY CAME TO BE. - >> UN-AMERICAN AIRPLANE DROPPED - ONE BOMB ON HIROSHIMA. - NICK: 75 YEARS AGO TOMORROW - PRESIDENT TRUMAN ANNOUNCED THE - U.S. HAD HARNESSED THE "BASIC - POWER OF THE UNIVERSE." - THE MANHATTAN PROJECT TOOK THREE - YEARS TO BUILD AND TEST AN - ATOMIC BOMB. - THROUGHOUT TRUMAN AND HIS - , ADVISORS CALLED IT THE GADGET, - THINKING IT WAS JUST ANOTHER, - VERY BIG WEAPON. - >> EVEN THE THOUSANDS OF MEN AND - WOMEN WORKING ON THE PROJECT HAD - NO IDEA THE STAGGERING ENERGY - THEY WERE TO RELEASE. - NICK: TRUMAN HAD ACTUALLY - DELEGATED TO THE MILITARY, WHEN, - AND WHERE TO LAUNCH. - ON AUGUST 6 HE BELIEVED ONLY - ATOMIC BOMBS COULD END THE WAR. - >> IF THEY DO NOT NOW ACCEPT OUR

- TERMS, THEY MAY EXPECT A RAIN OF - RUIN FROM THE AIR THE LIKES OF - WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN SEEN ON - THIS EARTH. - NICK: BUT AFTER THE ENOLA GAY - FLEW OVER HIROSHIMA, AND THE - MUSHROOM CLOUD SLOWLY DARKENED - THE SKY THE DEVASTATION OF THE - , CITY WAS OVERWHELMING AND - ENDLESS. - SURVIVORS' HAIR BURNED, THEIR - SKIN PEELED OFF. - >> A FEW DAYS LATER, THE SECOND - ATOMIC TERROR WAS LOOSED ON - NAGASAKI. - NICK: AFTER THAT, TRUMAN DECIDED - THE DECISION TO DROP A THIRD - BOMB COULD ONLY BE MADE BY HIM. - PRESIDENTIAL SOLE AUTHORITY WAS - BORN. - >> THE PURPOSE OF THESE BASES - CAN BE NONE OTHER THAN TO - PROVIDE A NUCLEAR STRIKE - CAPABILITY AGAINST THE WESTERN - HEMISPHEREIN 1962, AFTER THE - -- - NICK: IN 1962, AFTER THE CUBAN - MISSILE CRISIS, PRESIDENT - KENNEDY WANTED TO TIGHTEN - NUCLEAR CONTROL, SO A BRIEFCASE - WITH LAUNCH CODES STARTED - TRAVELING WITH THE PRESIDENT. - TODAY, THE SO-CALLED FOOTBALL, - IS THE SYMBOL OF THE PRESIDENT'S - SOLE AUTHORITY TO LAUNCH. - PRES. TRUMP: THEY WILL BE FIRE - AND FURY LIKE THE WORLD HAS - NEVER SEEN.

- NICK: PRESIDENT TRUMP IS THE - RST PRESIDENT IN MORE THAN 40 - YEARS TO HAVE HIS SOLE AUTHORITY - OPENLY QUESTIONED BY CONGRESS. - >> MANY AMERICANS SHARE MY FEAR - THAT THE PRESIDENT'S BOMBASTIC - WORDS COULD TURN INTO NUCLEAR - REALITY. - NICK: AND SOLE AUTHORITY IS THE - SUBJECT OF A NEW BOOK, "THE - BUTTON, THE NEW NUCLEAR ARMS - RACE, FROM TRUMAN TO TRUMP," BY - FORMER SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY. - SECRETARY PERRY, WELCOME BACK TO - THE NEWSHOUR. - L'S BEGIN WITH THIS - FUNDAMENTAL IS THE THREAT OF - NUCLEAR ANNIHILATION A DISTANT - ONE? - SEC. PERRY: WE CAN BE THANKFUL - WE ARE GOING TO 75 YEARS SINCE - HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI WITHOUT - LAUNCHING THE BOMB. - BUT I BELIEVE THE LIKELIHOOD OF - IT BEING USED NOW, OF BREAKING - THAT RECORD, IS HIGHER TODAY - THAN IT WAS ANY TIME DURING THE - COLD WAR. - THAT IS, THE DANGER OF A NUCLEAR - CATASTROPHE TODAY IS EQUAL TO - THE DARKEST DAYS OF THE COLD - WAR. - AND MOST OF THE PUBLIC SIMPLY DO - NOT UNDERSTAND THAT REALITY.

- NICK: THERE ARE MANY CHECKS IN - THE SYSTEM THAT YOU WRITE ABOUT, - PREVENTING AN UNINTENTIONAL - LAUNCH, PREVENTING AN - UNAUTHORIZED LAUNCH, BUT IS - THERE ANY WAY TO PREVENT A - DETERMINED PRESIDENT FROM - LAUNCHING A NUCLEAR WEAPON? - SEC. PERRY: IF THE PRESIDENT - DECIDES TO LAUNCH, HE HAS THE - AUTHORITY TO DO IT, HE HAS THE - EQUIPMENT TO DO IT, AND IF IT - GOES, THERE'S NO WAY OF CALLING - IT BACK AND THERE'S NO WAY OF - JUST DESTROYING IT IN FLIGHT. - IT WOULD BE AN UNPRECEDENTED - CATASTROPHE, FAR GREATER THAN - WORLD WAR II. - NICK: AND THAT'S, OF COURSE, THE - CONTEXT FOR THE MAIN PROPOSITION - THAT YOU HAVE IN THE BOOK, THAT - THE PRESIDENT SHOULD NOT HAVE - THE SOLE AUTHORITY TO LAUNCH. - WHY IS THAT? - SEC. PERRY: THERE IS A - LIKELIHOOD OF A NUCLEAR - CATASTROPHE TODAY, BUT THAT'S - NOT BECAUSE WE EXPECT RUSSIA TO - BE MAKING AN ATTACK ON US. - THAT'S NOT GOING TO HAPPEN. - THEIR LEADERS ARE NOT SUICIDAL. - DETERRENCE REALLY DOES WORK. - IT COULD HAPPEN BY POLITICAL - MISCALCULATION BY THE PRESIDENT. - A FALSE ALARM. - OR IT COULD HAPPEN BECAUSE OF A

- LACK OF SANITY ON THE PART OF - EITHER THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT OR - THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENT. - ALL OF THOSE THINGS, NONE OF - THEM IS LIKELY, BUT EVEN IF IT'S - ONLY ONE IN 100, THESE ODDS ARE - NOT GOOD WHEN YOU CONSIDER THE - OTHER END OF THE ODDS WOULD BE - THE END OF OUR CIVILIZATION. - NICK: THE MAIN ARGUMENT, OF - COURSE, FOR HAVING NUCLEAR - WEAPONS AT THE READY AND HAVING - THE PRESIDENT AS THE SOLE - AUTHORITY TO LAUNCH IS THE - REQUIREMENT TO RESPOND QUICKLY. - AS YOU WRITE RUSSIAN NUCLEAR - , WEAPONS HYPOTHETICALLY COULD - BE LAUNCHED AND LAND INSIDE THE - UNITED STATES WITHIN 30 MINUTES. - DOESN'T THE PRESIDENT NEED TO BE - ABLE TO RESPOND QUICKLY? - SEC. PERRY: THE REASON WE - THOUGHT WE NEEDED A QUICK LAUNCH - WAS BECAUSE WE BELIEVED THAT WE - WERE GOING TO GET A SURPRISE - ATTACK, ORIGINALLY FROM THE - SOVIET UNION, TODAY FROM RUSSIA, - AND WE WANTED TO LAUNCH OUR - ICBM'S BEFORE THAT ATTACK LANDED - AND DESTROYED OUR ICBM'S IN - THEIR SILOS. - WE HAVE, HOWEVER, AT SEA, MORE - THAN ENOUGH NUCLEAR CAPABILITY - TO RESPOND TO RUSSIA.

- AND RUSSIA KNOWS THAT. - THERE IS NO HURRY ABOUT ENDING - CIVILIZATION. - WE SHOULD TAKE TIME TO CONSIDER - THAT. - WE CAN WAIT IT OUT TO ENSURE, IT - REALLY IS AN ATTACK BEFORE WE - RESPOND. - THE BEST WAY OF ENSURING THAT IS - TO GIVE US ENOUGH TIME TO - CONSIDER WHAT IS HAPPENING, - BRING IN OTHER PEOPLE FOR - CONSULTATION, TECHNICAL - CONSULTATION, AND POLITICAL - CONSULTATION BEFORE A LAUNCH IS - EVER MADE. - NICK: I WANT TO ASK ABOUT - WHETHER THIS IS ABOUT THE - CURRENT INHABITANT IN THE WHITE - HOUSE. YOU WRITE THAT FOR DONALD - TRUMP, STARTING A NUCLEAR WAR IS - AS EASY AS SENDING A TWEET AND - HOW MUCH OF WHAT YOU ARE ARGUING - HERE IS ABOUT DONALD TRUMP - PERSONALLY, WHOM YOU CALL - IMPULSIVE? - SEC. PERRY: I BELIEVE THAT NO - PERSON, NO PRESIDENT SHOULD HAVE - THAT AUTHORITY SOLELY BY HIMSELF - , WITHOUT CONSULTATION, WITHOUT - TAKING TIME, DELIBERATION, - WE HAVE IN THE PAST PRESIDENTS - LIKE PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS - TAKING HEAVY MEDICATIONS, AND - THAT COULD HAVE CLOUDED HIS - JUDGMENT. - WE HAD RICHARD NIXON, WHO WAS, - IN THE LAST FEW MONTHS OF HIS - OFFICE, DRINKING HEAVILY. - THAT COULD HAVE CLOUDED HIS

- JUDGMENT. - EVEN RONALD REAGAN, THE LAST FEW - MONTHS HE WAS IN THE WHITE - HOUSE, WAS IN THE EARLY STAGES - OF ALZHEIMER'S. - SO THERE IS NO REASON THAT WE - HAVE TO GIVE THIS AUTHORITY TO - ONE PERSON. - AND WE SHOULD MAKE EVERY EFFORT - THEN TO BRING AS MANY, OTHER - PEOPLE INTO THE DECISION, AND - SLOW DOWN THE DECISION PROCESS. - NO QUICK LAUNCH. - NICK: THE OTHER MAIN CHANGE YOU - ADVOCATE IN THE BOOK, MR. - SECRETARY, IS THAT THE U.S. - CANNOT LAUNCH ON THE WARNING OF - AN ATTACK, THAT IS, BEFORE AN - ATTACK IS UNAMBIGUOUSLY - CONFIRMED. - WHY IS THAT? - SEC. PERRY: BECAUSE WE HAVE HAD - FALSE ALARMS IN THE PAST, THREE - OF THEM THAT I'M HISTORICALLY - AWARE OF. - IF A PRESIDENT RESPONDS TO AN - ALARM, AND IT TURNS OUT TO BE - FALSE, THERE IS NOTHING HE CAN - DO TO RECALL THE MISSILES. - SO HE WILL HAVE STARTED A - NUCLEAR WAR BY ACCIDENT. - NICK: AND LASTLY, MR. SECRETARY, - IF I COULD ASK YOU, YOU WE A - SOLDIER WHO HELPED OCCUPY JAPAN - AND SAW THE AFTERMATH OF A - NUCLEAR WEAPON. - YOU'VE OF COURSE SEEN AND BEEN - THROUGH A LOT IN THOSE DECADES - SINCE, BUT HOW MUCH OF YOUR

- ARGUMENT TODAY IS GROUNDED ON - WHAT YOU SAW BACK IN THE 1940'S? - SEC. PERRY: I SAW, FIRST OF ALL, - THE DEVASTATION IN TOKYO. - THEN I SAW HIROSHIMA AND - NAGASAKI, ONE BOMB, ONE AIRPLANE - IN AN INSTANT. - IF IT IS A NUCLEAR WAR NOT JUST - , A CITY CAN BE DESTROYED IN AN - INSTANT, BUT A WHOLE - CIVILIZATION. - RONALD REAGAN AND GORBECHEV SAID - IT BEST, WHICH IS A NUCLEAR WAR - , CANNOT BE WON AND MUST NEVER - BE FOUGHT. - NICK: FORMER SECRETARY WILLIAM - PERRY, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. - SEC. PERRY: YOU ARE VERY - WELCOME. - ♪ - JUDY: NOW, AN UPDATE ON EFFORTS - TO DEFUND THE POLICE IN - NNEAPOLIS, WHERE THE KILLING - OF GEORGE FLOYD PROMPTED CALLS - FOR CHANGE. - TONIGHT, THE CITY'S CHARTER - COMMISSION WILL DECIDE WHETHER - TO ASK VOTERS TO WEIGH IN ON - THIS ISSUE. - SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT FRED DE - SAM LAZARO HAS OUR REPORT. - >> WE HAVE EAGLE EYES, MACE, - WATER.

- SAM THEY ARE CALLED THE - : MINNESOTA FREEDOM FIGHTERS, AN - OPENLY ARMED, MOSTLY BLACK - CITIZENS GROUP, AT IN RECENT - WEEKS HAS PROVIDED WHAT EY - CALL AN ADDED LAYER OF SECURITY - TO THE COMMUNITY THROUGH A - PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT TIME, - SAYS TYRONE HARTWELL. - >> WE ARE TIRED OF WAKING UP, - LOOKING AT THE NEWS OR ANOTHER - FACEBOOK VIDEO WITH ANOTHER - PERSON OF MY SKINTONE SHOT DOWN, - STRANGLED, WHATEVER IS THE - ISSUE, BECAUSE OF A LACK OF - UNDERSTANDING. - SAM: THEY CAME TOGETHER SOON - AFTER THE UPRISING THAT FOLLOWED - EVENTS AT A ONE NONDESCRIPT - -- A ONCE NONDESCRIPT STREET - CORNER THAT IS NOW NAMED GEORGE - FLOYD SQUARE. - A GROWING SHRINE WITH ARTWORK - AND TRIBUTES TO FLOYD AND DOZENS - OF OTHERS KILLED IN POLICE - ENCOUNTERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. - IT IS ALSO GROUND ZERO FOR A - CAMPAIGN TO ABOLISH THE - MINNEAPOLIS POLICE DEPARTMENT BY - DEFUNDING IT. - PROPONENTS OF DEFUNDING THE - POLICE, INCLUDING A MAJORITY OF - THE CITY COUNCIL, SAY - MINNEAPOLIS HAS BEEN HERE

- BEFORE. - SEVERAL BLACK MEN VE BEEN - KILLED AT THE HANDS OF POLICE. - THERE WAS TOFF -- THERE WAS TALK - OF REFORM AND NOTHING HAPPENED. - THEY SAY IT'S TIME FOR THE CITY - TO START OVER FROM SCRATCH AND - REIMAGINE PUBLIC SAFETY. - >> POLICING AS A CONCEPT HAS HAD - A COMPLETE MONOPOLY ON PUBLIC - SAFETY. - SAM: CITY COUNCILMEMBER JEREMIAH - ELLISON SAYS, IT'S BEEN A - FAILURE. - >> I DON'T JUST MEAN A FAILURE - BECAUSE IT HAS PERPETUATED THE - KIND OF HARM THAT YOU SEE IN - POLICE KILLINGS, AND THINGS THAT - FALL WELL SHORT OF POLICE - KILLINGS THAT CONSTITUTE HARM, - BUT IT ALSO FAILS TO KEEP PEOPLE - SAFE PROACTIVELY. - SAM: THE COUNCIL WANTS TO AMEND - THE CITY CHARTER, WHICH NOW - REQUIRES A POLICE FORCE WITH A - MINIMUM STAFFING LEVEL. - THAT REQUIRES VOTER APPROVAL. - AMONG THOSE OPPOSING THE MOVE IS - MAYOR JACOB FREY. - HE SAYS THE COUNCIL HASN'T - PROVIDED ANY ALTERNATIVE PLAN. - >> WE HAVE ALL THIS ANGER AND - FRUSTRATION, AND SADNESS, ALL OF - THIS ENERGY AND IT'S OUR - PENS - SOMETHING THAT IS SPECIFIC AND

- PRODUCTIVE, NOT VAGUE AND - AMBIGUOUS. - SAM: AMID THE DEBATE OVER THE - POLICING, MINNEAPOLIS HAS SEEN - BOTH A SPIKE IN VIOLENT CRIME - AND A RECORD NUMBER OF - COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE - DEPARTMENT SINCE THE CITY - ERUPTED IN PROTESTS AFTER - FLOYD'S KILLING, PROTESTS THAT - RESULTED IN A POLICE PRECINCT - BEING BURNED, AFTER OFFICERS - WERE ORDERED TO EVACUATE. - >> OUR MORALE HAS NEVER BEEN - LOWER. - THEY'RE SCARED TO DEATH TO - ANSWER CALLS IN CASE SOMETHING - TURNS VIOLENT, BECAUSE THEY'RE - ACTIVELY TRYING TO SEND US TO - PRISON. - SAM: SERGEANT RICH WALKER, WHO - WORKED AT THE PRECINCT, TOLD A - MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE THAT - AS MANY AS 200 OFFICERS, ABOUT A - QUARTER OF THE ENTIRE FORCE, MAY - SOON DEPART. - A NUMBER HAVE FILED DISABILITY - CLAIMS. - >> I'VE NEVER BEEN MORE BROKEN - AS A POLICE OFFICER THAN I WAS - TO WATCH OUR LEADERS GIVE UP ON - OUR HOME. - AND THE TRUTH IS THE LEADERS OF - MINNEAPOLIS FAILED MINNEAPOLIS.

- SAM: MAYOR FREY SAYS HE HAS NO - SECOND THOUGHTS ABOUT HIS - DECISION TO ABANDON THE - PRECINCT. - >> WE ONLY HAD ABOUT 15 TO 20 - OFFICERS INSIDE WITH ALMOST - NOTHING TO DEFEND THEMSELVES - WITH OTHER THAN GUNS. - IMAGINE WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED - IF THEY HAD CONTINUED TO FIGHT, - THERE WAS HAND TO HAND COMBAT - AND LIKELY A SCENARIO OF DEATH. - SAM: WHAT NOW, WHEN YOU HAVE - ALMOST A QUARTER OF THE POLICE - FORCE IN SOME FORM OF ABSENTEE - SITUATION? - THAT SOUNDS LIKE A SIGNIFICANT - STAFFING SHORTAGE. - >> WE DO HAVE A STAFFING - SHORTAGE RIGHT NOW. - I DISAGREE WITH THE NOTION WE - SHOULD BE ABOLISHING THE POLICE - DEPARTMENT.

- OUR OFFICERS ARE DEALING WITH - SOME VERY DIFFICULT SIATIONS. - SAM: EBONY CHAMBERS DESCRIBED A - RECENT INCIDENT OUTSIDE HER HOME - IN MINNEAPOLIS' LARGELY BLACK - NORTHSIDE. - >> THERE WAS ABOUT FOUR - TEENAGERS WALKING DOWN THE - MIDDLE OF MY STREET WITH GUNS - OUT. - MY NEIGHBOR STOOD UP TO THEM, - WHICH I DON'T KNOW WHY HE DID. - BUT HE SAID YOU, PLEASE PUT THE - GUNS DOWN. - I AM CALLING THE POLICE. - HE CALLED THE POLICE, NEVER - SHOWED UP. - 15 MINUTES LATER WE HEARD ABOUT - 30 SHOTS BEING SHOT OFF. - I DON'T KNOW IF THE PERSON THEY - WERE SHOOTING AT LIVED OR DIED - OR ANYTHING. - SAM: IN ANOTHER INSTANCE, SHE - SAYS POLICE CAME TO HER DOOR TO - TELL HER THEY GAVE UP CHASING A - SUSPECT WHO HAD RUN THROUGH HER - BACKYARD, AND IF SHE DIDN'T LIKE - IT, THE OFFICER SAID -- - >> YOU NEED TO CONTACT YOUR - MAYOR SO WE CAN DO OUR JOB. - SAM: CHAMBERS AND DONALD - CRUMBLEY AREART OF A LARGER - COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION CALLED - ISIAH. - THEY SAY THEY'RE OPEN TO NEW - IDEAS ABOUT PUBLIC SAFETY. - >> IT IS NOT AUT GOOD POLICE - AND BAD POLICE. - WE ARE PAST THAT.

- IT'S ABOUT RIGHT AND WRONG, AND - THE COMMUNITY HAS TO STEP UP - NOW, BECAUSE WE'VE RECEIVED - ENOUGH INJUSTICE. - SAM: BUT LISA CLEMONS, A FORMER - POLICE OFFICER WHO FOUNDED A - COMMUNITY GROUP CALLED A - MOTHER'S LOVE, SAYS THE CITY - COUNCIL'S ACTIONS HAVEN'T HELPED - MATTERS. - SHE SAYS THEY'VE ONLY EMBOLDENED - CRIMINALS. - >> WHEN THE CITY COUNCIL CAME - OUT WITH THEIR STATEMENT OF - ABOLISHING AND DISMANTLING AND - DISBANDING THE POLICE - DEPARTMENT, THOSE INCENDIARY - TERMS, I THINK IT CREATED A LOT - OF FEAR IN THE COMMUNITY. - BUT IT ALSO AT THE SAME TIME - CREATED A BRAZEN ATTITUDE. - I THINK THE COMMUNITY HAS BEEN - LEFT TO FEND FOR THEMSELVES. - >> WE'RE NOT TRYING TO DEFUND - THE POLICE. - WE ARE NOT SAYING WE DON'T NEED - THE POLICE, BUT THERE NEEDS TO - BE A REBUILDING OF WHAT THEY - ARE. - >> WE NEED A FULL CULTURE SHIFT - IN OUR POLICE DEPARTMENT. - CULTURE, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, IS - ABOUT PERSONNEL. - IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE. - RIGHT NOW, WH THE CHIEF OR I - TERMINATE OR DISCIPLINE AND

- OFFICER AS MUCH AS 50% OF THE - , TIME, THAT OFFICER GETS - RETURNED RIGHT BACK TO THE - DEPARTMENT FROM WHICH THEY CAME - BECAUSE OF AN ARBITRATION - SYSTEM. - >> THE MAYOR IS GOING TO HAVE TO - RECOGNIZE THAT AGAIN, THIS IS - NOT A PERSONNEL PROBLEM, BUT A - SYSTEMS PROBLEM. - SAM: COUNCILMAN ELLISON SAYS THE - POWERFUL POLICE UNION WOULD - NEVER CONCEDE ON ARBITRATION OR - OTHER CHANGES. - WHAT'S NEEDED HE SAYS, IS A - COMPLETE REVAMP, MOVING FUNDS - INTO VIOLENCE PREVENTION, MENTAL - HEALTH CARE AND FIXING OTHER - UNDERLYING CAUSES OF CRIME. - HE ADMITS IT WILL BE A CULTURE - SHIFT FOR THE LARGER COMMUNITY. - >> RIGHT NOW, ALL WE REALLY HAVE - IN TERMS OF PUBLIC SAFETY IS ONE - SYSTEM, AND THAT IS POLICING. - PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE SCARED TO - CREATE A NEW SYSTEM OF EMERGENCY - RESPONSE. - I THINK IT IS GOING TO TAKE A - LOT OF CONVERSATIONS. - SAM: THE COUNCIL'S IMMEDIATE - HURDLE IS TO GET VOTERS TO - APPROVE A CITY CHARTER AMENDMENT - THAT WOULD ALLOW IT TO PHASE OUT - THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AND PHASE - IN A BROADER OFFICE OF PUBLIC - SAFETY AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION. - FOR THE "PBS NEWSHOUR," THIS IS

- FRED DE SAM LAZARO, IN - MINNEAPOLIS. - JUDY: THE FOCUS ON BLACK LIVES - MATTER REMAINS, OF COURSE, ONE - OF THE BIGGEST SUBJECTS IN THE - NATIONAL CONVERSATION RIGHT NOW. - A NEW BOOK LOOKS AT HOW - HIERARCHY AND CLASS ARE VERY - INTERTWINED IN THE WAY RACE AND - RACISM PLAYS OUT IN AMERICA. - JEFFREY BROWN TALKS TO AUTHOR - ISABEL WILKERSON. - IT'S PART OF OUR ONGOING ARTS - AND CULTURE COVERAGE, CANVAS. - JEFFREY: IN 1959, MARTIN LUTHER - KING JR. VISITING INDIA AND - SEEING ITS CASTE SYSTEM, - REALIZED HE WAS A KIND OF - UNTOUCHABLE IN HIS OWN LAND. - IT'S ONE OF MANY STORIES TOLD IN - THE NEW BOOK: "CASTE: THE - ORIGINS OF OUR DISCONTENT," - WHICH ASKS US TO SEE OUR COUNTRY - IN A NEW WAY. - ISABEL: I REALLY WAS LOOKINTO - BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS,

- THE VERY LONG STANDING ORIGINS - OF DIVISIONS IN OUR COUNTRY. - THE ERA IN WHICH WE LIVE IS AN - ERA OF UPHEAVAL, REALLY REQUIRES - AND CALLS FOR NEW LANGUAGE, NEW - WAYS OF SEEING ONE ANOTHER, NEW - WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING HOW WE - INTERCONNECT AND ALSO WHAT WE'VE - INHERITED AS A COUNTRY AND AS A - PEOPLE. - JEFFREY: ISABEL WILKERSON IS A - FORMER PULITZER-PRIZE WINNING - JOURNALIST WITH THE NEW YORK - TIMES, AND AUTHOR OF "THE WARMTH - OF OTHER SUNS," A HISTORY OF THE - GREAT MIGRATION OF - AFRICAN-AMERICANS OUT OF THE - SOUTH. WORKING ON THAT BOOK, SHE - CAME TO SEE SOMETHING EMBEDDED - IN AMERICAN CULTURE, EVEN BEYOND - RACE. - ISABEL: THE WORD RACISM SEEMED - INADEQUATE TO CAPTURE THE FULL - EFFECT AND FULL TOTAL EXPERIENCE - OF BEING IN A WORLD IN WHICH - EVERY SINGLE THING THAT YOU - COULD AND COULD NOT DO WAS BASED - UPON WHAT YOU LOOK LIKE, A WORLD - IN WHICH EVERYONE WAS IN SOME - WAYS CONSIGNED TO PRECONCEIVED - NOTIONS AS TO WHO SHLD BE - WHERE. - PEOPLE HAD TO BE CAREFUL TO STAY

- IN THEIR PLACE OR A COULD MEAN - THEIR VERY LIVES. - JEFFREY: WILKERSON LOOKS TO - INDIA, WHERE WE'RE USED TO - SEEING CASTE, AND TO GERMANY, - WHERE THE NAZIS CREATED A RACIAL - HIERARCHY THAT FORMALIZED - PERSECION AND, ULTIMATELY, - GENOCIDE. - DRAWING ON THE WORKS OF PAST - ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND HISTORIANS - SHE REVEALS AMERICA'S OWN - INSIDIOUS AND ARTIFICIAL CASTE - SYSTEM, A STRICT HIERARCHY WITH - RULES THAT SET IN PLACE BOTH - PRIVILEGE AND PRIVATION. - YOU WRITE OF CASTE AS THE, - QUOTE, INFRASTRUCTURE OF OUR - DIVISIONS. - IN WHAT WAYS DOES CASTE HELP US - THINK ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON IN - AMERICAN HISTORY AND NOW? - ISABEL: THE WORD CASTE IS A - REMINDER OF AN INFRASTRUCTURE - BENEATH SOMETHING THAT IS - LARGER, THAT SITS BENEATH THE - FOUNDATION. - IT IS THE FOUNDATION THE - , FRAMEWORK FOR HOW PEOPLE - INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER. - AND SO I HAVE COME TO BELIEVE - THAT CASTE, THE INFRASTRUCTURE, - THE HIERARCHIES THAT WE OFTEN - DON'T SEE, THE BONES OF A THING, - I THINK OF CASTE AS THE BONES

- AND RACE AS THE SKIN. - THAT IS A WAY TO SEE THAT RACE - IS USED OR HAS BEEN USED - HISTORICALLY AS THE CUE, THE - SIGNAL, THE INDICATOR OF WHERE - AN INDIVIDUAL FITS IN THE - PREEXISTING HIERARCHY THAT HAVE - BEEN CREATED FROM THE TIME OF - COLONIAL ERA AMERICA. - JEFFREY: SLAVERY, FROM THE - BEGINNING MANIFESTS THAT - HIERARCHY, ONE LIFE WORTH MORE - THAN ANOTHER. BUT WILKERSON SEES - A CONTINUITY. - WAVES OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS - ARRIVING IN THIS COUNTRY AND, IN - A SENSE, LEARNING THEY ARE WHITE - AND THEREFORE, A BOVE -- ABOVE - THOSE WHO ARE NOT. - ISABEL: WHEN YOU'RE IN A CASTE - SYSTEM, A HIERARCHY, EVERYONE IS - AFFECTED BY IT. - IT IS ABOUT THE INVESTMENT IN - THE HIERARCHY, HOW ONE MOVES - ABOUT IN THE HIERARCHY. - THE INSIDIOUS THING ABOUT SUCH A - HIERARCHY IS IT'S SOMETHING THAT - WE DON'T SEE, AGAIN, BONES - VERSUS SKIN. - YOU CAN SEE THE SKIN. - YOU CAN SEE THE OUTWARD - MANIFESTATIONS. - BUT YOU DON'T OFTEN SEE THOSE - UNSEEN INPUTS AND TRIGGERS AND - ASSUMPTIONS, THE UNCONSCIOUS - BIASES THAT PERVADE SOCIETY THAT

- ARE THERE BELOW THE SURFACE OF - CONSCIOUSNESS, THE WAYS THAT - EVERYONE HAS BEEN SOCIALIZED TO - TO KNOW AND RECOGNIZE WHO IS - VERY LIKELY TO BE IN POSITIONS - OF POWER, WHO IS LIKELY TO BE - POOR, WHO IS LIKELY TO BE ON THE - MARGINS? - JEREY: WHO IS LIKELY TO SIT IN - A POSITION OF POWER IN THE - BOARDROOM? - WHO IS LIKELY TO LIVE IN CERTAIN - NEIGHBORHOODS? - WHO IS LIKELY TO BE STOPPED BY - POLICE AND TREATED WITH - BRUTALITY -- THE FOCUS OF - CURRENT BLACK LIVES MATTER - PROTESTS. - ISABEL: AMERICAN HISTORY IS - REFLECTIVE OF THE EBBS AND - FLOWS PUSHBACK, MOVING FORWARD - AND THEN RECEDING. - THAT IS ESSENTIALLY THE HISTORY - OF OUR COUNTRY. - THIS IS ANOTHER MOMENT THAT - COULD BE POTENTIALLY A SEA - CHANGE. - I VIEW IT AS THE CUSP OF AN - AWAKENING. - AN AWAKENING TO A PART OF MUCH,

- MUCH OF AMERICAN HISTORY THAT - MANY PEOPLE MAY NOT HAVE KNOWN. - THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO - ALLOW US TO SEE, AGAIN, THE - STRUCTURE THAT WE HAVE - INHERITED, TO PUSH FORWARD AND - RECOGNIZE WE ALL HAVE A STAKE IN - IT AND RECOGNIZE IT WILL TAKE - EACH AND EVERY ONE OF US TO MAKE - IT THE STRONGEST HOUSE POSSIBLE. - JEFFREY: I HAVE TO SAY IN - READING THIS CASTE AS YOU - , DESCRIBE, IT SEEMS EVEN MORE - FIXED IN A SENSE THAN RACE AS A - CONCEPT, AS A STRUCTURE. - IS IT SOMETHING THAT IS FIXABLE? - ISABEL: - I WOULD LIKE TO BELIEVE THAT - IT'S FIXABLE. - I WOULDN'T HAVE WRITTEN THIS IF - I DIDN'T THINK THAT IT WAS. - I HAVE TO REMAIN HOPEFUL. - I HAVE TO BELIEVE THAT ONCE - AWAKENED TO OUR HISTORY AND TO - OUR CURRENT REALITY, AS HAS - OCCURRED IN RECENT MONTHS, THAT - THIS WOULD MOVE ALL OF US TO - WANT TO BRIDGE THESE DIVIDES, TO - FIND WAYS TO SCALE THE WALLS - THAT HAVE BEEN BUILT BETWEEN US - AND TO RECOGNIZE THESE ARE FALSE

- AND ARTIFICIAL DIVISIONS. - THESE ARE MAN-MADE DIVISIONS. - IF THEY WERE MADE BY MAN, THEY - CAN ALSO BE FIXED BY MAN. - JEFFREY: THE BOOK IS "CASTE," BY - BY ISABEL WILKERSON. - THANK YOU VERY MUCH. - ISABEL: THANK YOU. - ♪ - JUDY: THROUGHOUT THE PANDEMIC - AMERICANS IN ELDER CARE HOMES - , HAVE BEEN SOME OF THE PEOPLE - MOST AT RISK FROM COVID-19, BUT - THERE ARE THOSE IN NURSING HOMES - WHO HAVE SURVIVED THE DISEASE - DESPITE THEIR AGE. - TONIGHT'S BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR - FEATURES CENTENARIAN GRACE - WEISSMAN-SPIEGEL-DAVIS WHO - SHARES WHAT HER EXPERIENCE WAS - LIKE. - >> I WAS A VICTIM OF THE - CORONAVIRUS AND I MUST SAY, I AM - HAPPY THAT I SURVIVED THIS. - I DID COME DOWN WITH A FEVER. - TRUTHFULLY, I WAS NOT AWARE OF

- IT. - IT MIGHT BE THAT I WAS NOT - MENTALLY FACING IT. - THERE HAS BEEN NO ACTIVITY IN - THE HAIRDRESSING SALON BECAUSE - OF THIS PANDEMIC, WHICH IS GOING - ON. - SO I SAID WHEN I WAS ASKED TO BE - INTERVIEWED, ONLY IF I CAN HAVE - MY HAIR DONE. - THAT IS WHAT HAPPENED. - I GOT MY HAIR DONE. - SO I AM NUMBER ONE ON THIS - PARADE. - I'M 102-YEARS-OLD AND I LIVE IN - A RETIREMENT DEVELOPMENT CALLED - THE MARY WADE HOME, WHICH IS IN - NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. - AS A LITTLE GIRL WE LIVED, IT - WAS A TENEMENT ACTUALLY IN - HARLEM, NEW YORK AT 116TH - STREET. - I NEVER HEARD OF A PANDEMIC - BEFORE THIS ONE. - WE HAD WHAT WE CALLED EPIDEMICS - AND ONE WAS CALLED WHOOPING - COUGH. - I REMEMBER MY MOTHER TAKING US

- ON THE SUBWAY TO THE STATEN - ISLAND FERRY DURING THE WHOOPING - COUGH EPIDEMIC BECAUSE SALT - WATER WAS GOOD FOR WHOOPING - COUGH. - I REMEMBER THAT VERY CLEARLY. - MY LIFE HAS NOT CHANGED MUCH AND - I FEEL I CAN STILL HAVE SOME FUN - AND A FEW LAUGHS AND STILL HAVE - MY MENTAL FACILITIES, OR - FACULTIES I SHOULD SAY. - ALL I KNOW IS THAT I TELL ALL MY - FRIENDS "IF I DIE, PLEASE CALL - , MY HAIRDRESSER FIRST." - I WANT TO HAVE MY HAIR DONE AND - LOOK WELL AT MY FUNERAL. - I'VE LED A NICE LIFE. - I'VE BEEN VERY FORTUNATE. - I WOULD LIKE TO BE REMEMBERED AS - A GOOD FRIEND, AS A GOOD - RELATIVE, AND IS A GOOD PERSON - WHO LIVED ON THIS WONDERFUL - EARTH AND HOPE THAT IT ALL WORKS - OUT WELL.

- MY NAME IS GRACE WEISMAN SPIEGEL - DAVIS. - AND THIS IS MY NOT-SO-BRIEF, BUT - SPECTACULAR LIFE. - JUDY: GRACE, WE ARE SO GLAD YOU - SURVIVED AND A LOT OF US SHARE - YOUR APPRECIATION FOR - HAIRDRESSERS. - THAT IS THE NEWSHOUR FOR - TONIGHT. - I AM JUDY WOODRUFF. - FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS - NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND PLEASE - STAY SAFE. - WE WILL SEE YOU SOON. - >> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE "PBS - NEWSHOUR" PROVIDED BY -- - >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER - CELLULAR'S GOAL IS TO PROVIDE - WIRELESS SERVICE. - WE OFFER A VARIETY OF NO - CONTRACT PLANS AND OURUSTOMER - SERVICE TEAM CAN HELP YOU FIND - ONE THAT FITS YOU. - >> WHEN THE WORLD GETS - COMPLICATED, A LOT GOES THROUGH - YOUR MIND. - WITH FIDELITY WEALTH MANAGEMENT, - A DEDICATED ADVISOR CAN TAILOR - ADVICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO

- YOUR LIFE. - THAT IS FIDELITY WEALTH - MANAGEMENT. - >> JOHNSON & JOHNSON FINANCIAL - , SERVICES FIRM RAYMOND JAMES. - WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE CENTENNIAL - COMMISSION. - THE FORD FOUNDATION, WORKING - WITH VISIONARIES ON THE FRONT - LINES OF SOCIAL CHANGE - WORLDWIDE. - AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF - THESE INDIVIDUALS AND - INSTITUTIONS. - ♪ - >> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE - POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR - PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND BY - CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS - STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. - THANK YOU.

- ♪ - >> THIS IS "PBS NEWSHOUR WEST" - FROM WETA STUDIOS IN WASHINGTON - AND FROM OUR BUREAU AT THE - WALTER CRONKITE SCHOOL OF - JOURNALISM AT ARIZONA STATE - UNIVERSITY. - ♪ - LIDIA: Buon giorno. - I'm Lidia Bastianich. - And teaching you about Italian - food has always been my passion.

- I want to taste it! - Assaggiare! - It's all about - cooking together... - Hello? - ...as I re-create - childhood memories... - Good to the last drop. - ...restaurant classics, - and new family favorites. - Isn't that everybody's - favorite part? - Whatever you're baking, - lick the spoon. - Tutti a tavola a mangiare! - Venite! - ♪ - ANNOUNCER: - Funding provided by... - At Cento Fine Foods, - we're dedicated to preserving - the culinary heritage - of authentic Italian foods - by offering over 100 - specialty Italian products - for the American kitchen. - Cento. Trust your family - with our family. - Grana Padano. - Authentic. Italian. - Rich in tradition - yet contemporary.